CN104686007A - Peanut seed selection method capable of saving cost, improving efficiency and enhancing emerging speed - Google Patents

Peanut seed selection method capable of saving cost, improving efficiency and enhancing emerging speed Download PDF

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CN104686007A
CN104686007A CN201510073384.4A CN201510073384A CN104686007A CN 104686007 A CN104686007 A CN 104686007A CN 201510073384 A CN201510073384 A CN 201510073384A CN 104686007 A CN104686007 A CN 104686007A
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peanut
seed
grain
sieve
cost
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CN104686007B (en
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张智猛
戴良香
宋文武
丁红
慈敦伟
秦斐斐
康涛
马登超
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Shandong Peanut Research Institute
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Shandong Peanut Research Institute
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Abstract

The invention relates to the physiological technical field of crop growing in biotechnology and particularly relates to a peanut seed selection method capable of saving the cost and improving the efficiency. The method comprises the following steps: selecting unshelled peanuts according to the grain weight by virtue of a gravimetric method combined with a screening method; selecting the quality of mature peanut seeds; eliminating oversize, overweight, thin, blight and immature seeds in grades; and selecting the mature seeds in medium grain shapes as seeds for later use. The method has the advantages of saving seeds, being synergic, increasing the production and the like. Compared with a conventional method, the production is increased by 5-8%. On the premise of saving 11.7-16.7% of the seeds, the production is increased by 6.93-29.65% and the production increasing effect is remarkable.

Description

A kind of cost-saving synergistic, improve the system of selection of speed peanut seed of emerging
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop genetics physiology technical field in biotechnology, be specially a kind of method that cost-saving synergistic selects peanut seed.
Background technology
Peanut is the important oil crop of China and economic crops, in world commerce, proportion is in stablizing ascendant trend, peanut and goods thereof, with its unique flavor, best in quality and good health care and firmly get common people and like, occupy critical role in the national economic development and foreign trade.1/5, the Zong Chanzhan world of China's peanut cultivation area Yue Shi world gross area always produce 1/3, per unit area yield is 1.46 times of world's per unit area yield, occupies first of the world.In China's agricultural planting structure, peanut leaps to the 5th, is only second to paddy rice, corn, wheat and cotton, and its gross output value exceedes soybean, becomes the oil crop that China is maximum.
The 52.3%-56% of Chinese Peanut output is used for oil expression, higher than the average level of Century Square 6%, its sowing quantity 7%-8%, namely sowing quantity is at more than 1200kt year, compared with wheat, corn, paddy rice, Soybean and Other Crops, peanut seed is comparatively large, and major peanut producing region peanut kernel 100-grain weight is generally at more than 80g, and the 100-grain weight of Pearl Type small pod peanut is mostly at more than 60g.Compared with 13-20 and 24-35 times, 1-3,4-7 times of corn seed, 9-28 times, 23-80 times of rice paddy seed that granule type and large grain type peanut seed are wheat seed respectively, 1-5,5-12 of soya seeds are doubly.Peanut sowing quantity and kind cost far above gramineous crops such as wheat, corn, paddy rice, and reproduction coefficient far low it, peanut sowing quantity is huge makes peanut seed market become the focus of Seed enterprises competition.Research proves, outside the Pass the power of seed size and its fertility again has, also build up with emergence rate, seedling quality, plant, output etc. exists clear-cut correlation.Because peanut seed quality and grain type are comparatively large, fruit type kind type is various, sowing quantity is comparatively large, and cost is higher.If with medium suitable in small-sized seed substitute large seed, by quality super large and the high large grain type seed of oil content is used for its use such as extracting oil, making that cost reduces, while output increased, to increase peanut production amount, ensure that edible oil safety is significant.Therefore, research peanut seed size on seed germination, emerge and the impact of output, to reduction peanut production cost, reduce sowing quantity, improve emergence rate and output etc. there is important production meaning.Especially large grain type peanut varieties (seed benevolence 100-grain weight is greater than 80g) its seed Single seed weight difference in size is larger, therefore the seed quality size of large grain type peanut varieties is selected and is controlled, to reduce costs, improve emerge speed, ensure that seedling neat seedling is strong and have more realistic meaning.
Summary of the invention
In the production practices of peanut, traditional habit is two grain plantation in every cave, effectively to reduce the generation on the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling.Under the two grain planting conditions in traditional every cave, major peanut sowing quantity is generally 300kghm 2above, calculate according to investigations, Peanut on Sale seed size grade composition is generally: large seed accounts for 20.93%, medium-sized seed accounts for 66.42%, small-sized seed accounts for 12.64%.Adopt medium grain type (level) planting seed per hectare to save seed (seed benevolence) 25 ~ 35kg, be equivalent to band shell seed 35 ~ 50kg, every kilogram of seed presses 10 yuan of calculating, cost-saved 350 ~ 500 yuan.If per hectare on average increases production 5% ~ 8%, if with China only 3 years average per unit area yield 3439.3kghm of peanut – 2basis on calculate, every kilogram of pod, in 7.5 yuan, can increase income 1327.2 ~ 2063.6 yuan, and the planting benefit of peanut is obvious, and production application is significant.
The invention provides a kind of method that cost-saving synergistic selects peanut seed.Quality choice is carried out to the peanut seed of maturation, excessive, overweight and thin not plump premature seed classification is rejected, select the mature seed of medium grain type as standby sowing.This technology has the advantages such as joint kind, synergy, volume increase, than conventional method volume increase 5%-8%, can under the prerequisite of joint kind of 11.7%-16.7%, and volume increase 6.93%-29.65%, obvious effect of increasing production.
Cost-saving synergistic selects a method for peanut seed, is made up of following steps:
(1) preparation of peanut seed: the band shell seed selecting wide adaptability, mature and plump, kind being educated No. 22 for spending, being spent and educating No. 25;
(2) prescreen: carry out classification by the real size of grain, every ounce 60 ~ 80 as granule; Grain in the conduct of every ounce 40 ~ 60; The large grain of conduct of every ounce 30 ~ 40;
(3) according to the large young pathbreaker of peanut seed quality, it is divided into 3 type classification, i.e. large grain type seed (weight is greater than 1.20g), middle grain type seed (1.19g >=weight 0.50g) and granule type seed (weight is less than 0.50g).According to the dependency relation between peanut seed quality and seed diameter, volume, adjust to applicable slot size and sieve aperture shape.It is 18.8 × 9.4mm that the peanut varieties of large grain crosses ground floor slot size 2to 19.8 × 9.6mm 2sieve after sieved 5 × 5mm again 2the sieve of size sieve aperture; It is 13 × 8.4mm that the peanut varieties of granule crosses ground floor slot size 2to 16 × 9.4mm 2sieve after sieved 5 × 5mm again 2the sieve of size sieve aperture;
(4), after screening, the seed in the middle of the two layer screen of acquisition i.e. the standby middle grain type seed broadcast;
(5) by sieve out the sub-packing of standby sowing, packing, be namely prepared into and have that high germination gesture, higher survival rate, speed of emerging are consistent, neat suitable business-like peanut seed of emerging;
(6) peanut production: adopt two grain or simple grain mode, ridging bunch planting, controlling thickness of sowing is per hectare 30-35 ten thousand strain.
Further, in described step (3), the peanut varieties of large grain crosses the sieve aperture of ground floor sieve is the ellipse of aspect ratio 2:1, and the shape according to peanut grain adjusts, and can better screen suitable seed.
Further, in described step (3), the peanut varieties of granule crosses the ellipse that the sieve aperture of ground floor sieve is aspect ratio 1.5:1 ~ 1.8:1, and the shape according to peanut grain adjusts, and can better screen suitable seed.
Further, in described step (7), peanut production adopts two grain or simple grain mode, ridging bunch planting, and controlling thickness of sowing is per hectare 330,000 strain.
Peanut seed size to seed germination, emerge and the influence research of output:
1 material
Peanut varieties selects flower to educate No. 25 and flower educates No. 33.
2 methods
The shelling of band shell seed is prepared into seed benevolence seed to be broadcast.
After being sieved successively by seed, obtain large grain type seed, middle grain type seed and granule type seed.
Adopt field plot trial, plot area 20m 2, ridge planting, the long 10m in ridge, row spacing 0.9m; Bunch planting.With the seeding method in 2, a cave under isodensity and per hectare 330,000 strain condition and 1, a cave.Large grain (two grain, simple grain), middle grain (two grain, simple grain) and granule (two grain, simple grain) 6 process are set, repeat 3 times, randomized arrangement.Substance accumulation and species test investigation is carried out seedling stage and sampling harvest time.
Before sowing, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (15-15-15) 600kg/hm executed by base 2, the same high-yield field of control measures.May 6 was sowed, and September 24 gathered in the crops.
3 results and analysis
3.1 seed sizes are on the impact of growth of seedling
Table 1 shows, large seed Seedling Stage stem is high, side shoot long, branch amount is all higher, and blade and overground part accumulation of photosynthate amount are all significantly higher than middle grain and small-sized seed, and leaf area all reduces according to large grain, middle grain, granule order.Visible, peanut seed size has a significant effect to seedling quality, and large seed improves seedling quality.
Table 1 seed size is on the impact of seedling quality
3.2 seed sizes are on the impact of yield and its component
Under traditional planting patterns in 2, every cave, the two grain of large grain sows that its exhibition number of sheets, blade are heavy, overground part dry weight and individual plant pod number all comparatively in the two grain bunch planting of grain and the two grain bunch planting of granule decrease, namely select its exhibition number of sheets of middle grain type peanut seed, blade weight, overground part dry weight and the two grain sowing of the larger grain of individual plant pod number all to increase, amplification is respectively 13.95%, 53.14%, 47.48% and 73.53%; 18.07%, 26.42%, 27.28% and 15.69% is respectively compared with the amplification under the two grain seeding method of granule.
Adopt the planting patterns of monoseeding, its exhibition number of sheets of large seed monoseeding, blade weight, overground part dry weight and individual plant pod the number all comparatively sub-single grain fine sowing of medium-sized seed all decrease, but comparatively small-sized seed monoseeding is except the exhibition number of sheets reduces, and all the other indexs all raise.Namely under selecting middle grain type peanut seed to adopt monoseeding mode, its exhibition number of sheets, blade are heavy, overground part dry weight and the two grain sowing of the larger grain of individual plant pod number all increase, and amplification is respectively 14.15%, 108.87%, 136.75% and 121.67%; 8.56%, 187.38%, 201.14% and 124.21% is respectively compared with the amplification under the two grain seeding method of granule.
Under adopting the two grain of bunch planting or bunch planting simple grain two kinds of modes; the output of medium-sized seed comparatively large seed improves 29.65% and 6.93% respectively; but small-sized seed only comparatively large seed volume increase under two Hole-seeding Conditions; amount of increase in production is 18.35%; and the comparatively large seed performance underproduction when simple grain bunch planting, underproduction amplitude 10.8%.Concrete data are in table 2.
Table 2 seed size is on the impact of yield and its component
Advantage of the present invention is: at present, and the principal element that restriction peanut yield improves further is the raising of cultivated area restriction and agronomic measures scientific and technological level, and wherein abridged edition consumption reduction is one of important channel of peanut production development.In production practices, traditional habit is two grain plantation in every cave, effectively to reduce the generation on the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling.Under the two grain planting conditions in traditional every cave, major peanut sowing quantity is generally 300kghm 2above, peanut seed quality and grain type are comparatively large, fruit type kind type is various, and sowing quantity is comparatively large, and cost is higher.If with medium suitable in small-sized seed substitute large seed, by quality super large and the high large grain type seed of oil content is used for its use such as extracting oil, making that cost reduces, while output increased, to increase peanut production amount, ensure that edible oil safety is significant.
Embodiment
For making object of the present invention, technical scheme and effect clearly, clearly, the present invention is described in more detail below.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
(1) preparation of peanut seed: the band shell seed selecting wide adaptability, mature and plump, kind being educated No. 22 for spending, being spent and educating No. 25;
(2) prescreen: carry out classification by the real size of grain, every ounce 60 ~ 80 as granule; Grain in the conduct of every ounce 40 ~ 60; The large grain of conduct of every ounce 30 ~ 40;
(3) according to the large young pathbreaker of peanut seed quality, it is divided into 3 type classification, i.e. large grain type seed (weight is greater than 1.20g), middle grain type seed (1.19g >=weight 0.50g) and granule type seed (weight is less than 0.50g).According to the dependency relation between peanut seed quality and seed diameter, volume, adjust to applicable slot size and sieve aperture shape.It is 119 × 9.5mm that the peanut varieties of large grain crosses ground floor slot size 2sieve after sieved 5 × 5mm again 2the sieve of size sieve aperture; It is 14.5 × 8.7mm that the peanut varieties of granule crosses ground floor slot size 2sieve after sieved 5 × 5mm again 2the sieve of size sieve aperture;
(4), after screening, the seed in the middle of the two layer screen of acquisition i.e. the standby middle grain type seed broadcast;
(5) by sieve out the sub-packing of standby sowing, packing, be namely prepared into and have that high germination gesture, higher survival rate, speed of emerging are consistent, neat suitable business-like peanut seed of emerging;
(6) peanut production: adopt two grain or simple grain mode, ridging bunch planting, controlling thickness of sowing is per hectare 330,000 strain.
Below the present invention be described in detail, the above, be only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, when not limiting the scope of the present invention, namely allly does impartial change according to the application's scope and modify, all should still belong in covering scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. cost-saving synergistic selects a method for peanut seed, it is characterized in that being made up of following steps:
(1) preparation of peanut seed: the band shell seed selecting wide adaptability, mature and plump, kind being educated No. 22 for spending, being spent and educating No. 25;
(2) prescreen: carry out classification by the real size of grain, i.e. the grain number of every ounce (28.35g) shelled peanut, every ounce 60 ~ 80 as granule; Grain in the conduct of every ounce 40 ~ 60; The large grain of conduct of every ounce 30 ~ 40;
(3) peanut varieties of large grain crosses ground floor slot size is 18.8 × 9.4mm 2to 19.8 × 9.6mm 2sieve after sieved 5 × 5mm again 2the sieve of size sieve aperture; It is 13 × 8.4mm that the peanut varieties of granule crosses ground floor slot size 2to 16 × 9.4mm 2sieve after sieved 5 × 5mm again 2the sieve of size sieve aperture;
(4), after screening, the seed in the middle of the two layer screen of acquisition i.e. the standby middle grain type seed broadcast;
(5) by sieve out the sub-packing of standby sowing, packing, be namely prepared into and have that high germination gesture, higher survival rate, speed of emerging are consistent, neat suitable business-like peanut seed of emerging;
(6) peanut production: adopt two grain or simple grain mode, ridging bunch planting, controlling thickness of sowing is per hectare 30-35 ten thousand strain.
2. a kind of cost-saving synergistic as claimed in claim 1 selects the method for peanut seed, it is characterized in that: in described step (3), the peanut varieties of large grain crosses the sieve aperture of ground floor sieve is the ellipse of aspect ratio 2:1.
3. a kind of cost-saving synergistic as claimed in claim 1 selects the method for peanut seed, it is characterized in that: in described step (3), the peanut varieties of granule crosses the ellipse that the sieve aperture of ground floor sieve is aspect ratio 1.5:1 ~ 1.8:1.
4. a kind of cost-saving synergistic as claimed in claim 1 selects the method for peanut seed, it is characterized in that: in described step (7), peanut production adopts two grain or simple grain mode, ridging bunch planting, and controlling thickness of sowing is per hectare 330,000 strain.
CN201510073384.4A 2015-02-11 2015-02-11 Peanut seed selection method capable of saving cost, improving efficiency and enhancing emerging speed Expired - Fee Related CN104686007B (en)

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Cited By (1)

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CN110663312A (en) * 2019-10-18 2020-01-10 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 Coated peanut sowed in single seed and its making process

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CN102057829A (en) * 2010-10-29 2011-05-18 山东鲁花种业有限公司 High-yield cultivation method for peanuts
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110663312A (en) * 2019-10-18 2020-01-10 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 Coated peanut sowed in single seed and its making process

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