CN104683051B - Wireless multipath fading channel simulating method and channel simulator - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wireless multipath fading channel simulating method and a channel simulator. The method comprises the following steps: measuring a channel between a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna in actual environment, and measuring the frequency response of an actual measurement channel through frequency sweep; performing fourier inverse transform on the frequency response of the actual measurement channel so as to obtain the unit impulse response of the actual measurement channel; separating parameters in the unit impulse response of the actual measurement channel, and performing modeling so as to obtain a parameter model; storing the parameters of the model into a database; reading the parameters of the model, and generating the unit impulse response of a simulating channel; calculating a bit error ratio by utilizing Monte-Carlo simulation so as to complete channel simulation under the actual environment. The simulator comprises a channel measuring module, a module for extracting the unit impulse response of the actual measurement channel, a model building module, a model parameter extracting module and a simulating channel generating and verifying module. According to the wireless multipath fading channel simulating method and the channel simulator, disclosed by the invention, data can be measured in an actual manner, the model can be established, the bit error properties in different communication processes can be analyzed, and the channel obtained through simulation more conforms to the actual environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wireless multipath fading information channel simulation method and channel simulator, belong to the technology of radio communication
Field.
Background technology
As the application such as mobile Internet, high-definition multimedia, Internet of Things occurs, mobile data flow will occur in future
Explosive growth.In order to solve this problem, domestic forth generation mobile communication system (4G) has been put into commercialization, and the 5th generation moved
The research and development of dynamic communication system (5G) are also carried out.At the same time, for lift system capacity, 4G and 5G systems will be adopted indoors
The networking structure of intensive cellulor.Therefore, in 4G and 5G, the channel propagation characteristics under indoor special scenes directly influence logical
The performance of letter system, its design to signal of communication play conclusive effect.However, existing fading channel emulator is main
It is the fading characteristic by assuming that channel, is manually set the parameter of correlation, realizes the function of channel simulator.Produced by this method
Channel circumstance and actual channel environment have bigger difference, and the propagation characteristic of specific indoor scene can not be characterized.Therefore, one
Plant and modeled based on actual measurement data, can be applicable to the fading channel emulator of specific indoor scene, for existing 4G systems
Indoor networking planning, and the signal of communication of future 5G systems, coded system, the design of receiver all have important real price
Value.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of wireless multipath fading letter
Road emulation mode and channel simulator, with solve the channel circumstance produced by existing simulation process and world environments exist it is larger
The problem of difference.
The present invention specifically employs the following technical solutions solution above-mentioned technical problem:
A kind of wireless multipath fading information channel simulation method, comprises the following steps:
Step (1) is measured to the channel in actual environment between transmission antenna and reception antenna, is measured by frequency sweep
Actual measurement channel frequency response;
Step (2) carries out Fourier inversion to the channel frequency response surveyed, and obtains actual measurement channel unit impulse response;
Step (3) separates multipath number, time delay, amplitude and the angle surveyed in channel unit impulse response, and carries out respectively
Modeling obtains model;
Parameter in amplitude and phase model that step (4) is obtained using Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method extraction step (3), then will
The parameter of all models is stored in data base;
Step (5) reads the parameter of all models from the data base, generates the channel unit impulse response of emulation;
Step (6) generates random sending signal, transmission process is emulated using Monte Carlo simulation method, counts
The bit error rate for receiving that signal is transmitted under the channel unit impulse response of actual measurement channel unit impulse response and emulation is calculated, is passed through
Channel under bit error rate checking actual environment is emulated.
Further, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention:The step (2) obtains actual measurement channel unit pulse
Respond and be:, wherein N be multipath number, τkFor the time delay of channel, akFor the amplitude of channel, θkFor channel
Phase place.
Further, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention:It is as follows that step (3) modeling obtains model:It is many
Footpath exponential model is N=T0/τ0, wherein T0For the time span of watch window, τ0For the temporal resolution of channel measurement system;
Time Delay Model is τk=τ0(k-1), wherein k=1,2 ..., N;
Amplitude a of channelkModel isWherein, αkRepresent the yardstick ginseng of channel magnitude
Number, βkRepresent the form parameter of channel magnitude;
The phase theta of channelkModel isWherein, ukRepresent that the phase place of channel is uniformly distributed
The upper bound, lkRepresent that the phase place of channel is uniformly distributed lower bound.
Further, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention:The step (5) generates the channel unit arteries and veins of emulation
Rushing response process is:From the parameter of data base's reading model;To each footpath according to the scale parameter and form parameter of channel magnitude
Produce the amplitude A of the stochastic variable as the channel unit impulse response of emulation of a Weibull distributionk, and according to channel
The be uniformly distributed upper bound and the lower bound of phase place produces an equally distributed stochastic variable as the channel unit impulse response of emulation
Phase place Θk, and read parameter multipath number N and delay, τkDirectly as emulation channel unit impulse response multipath number and when
Prolong, according to formulaGenerate the channel unit impulse response of emulation.
Further, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention:The step of step (6) calculates bit error rate is wrapped
Include the random transmission sequence for generating longer a string and send, its length is n0;Obtain after channel transmission and receive signal, statistics is sent out
The number of the position differed in sending sequence and receiving sequence is ne, it is calculated bit error rate Pe=ne/n0。
Further, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention:The step (1) measures actual measurement channel by frequency sweep
Frequency response is comprised the following steps,
Step (a) arranges the S of reception antenna under actual environment0Individual moving area, each area inner measuring L0Individual space lattice
Point;M is measured on step (b) each mesh point0Group channel frequency response, every group of channel frequency response is by K0Individual frequency sweep point composition, obtains
Obtain S0L0M0Group actual measurement channel frequency response.
A kind of channel simulator based on above-mentioned wireless multipath fading information channel simulation method, including:
Channel measurement module, for measuring acquisition to the channel in actual environment between transmission antenna and reception antenna
Actual measurement channel frequency response;
Channel unit impulse response extraction module, for carrying out Fourier inversion to surveying channel frequency response, generates
Actual measurement channel unit impulse response;
Model building module, builds for the multipath number to surveying channel unit impulse response, time delay, amplitude, phase place
Mould obtains correspondence model;
Model parameter extraction module, is stored in for each the model extraction parameter to setting up and by the parameters for being extracted
Data base;
Simulated channel generation module, for reading the model parameter stored in the data base, generates the channel list of emulation
Digit pulse is responded;
Simulated channel authentication module, receives signal in actual measurement channel unit for random generation sending signal and respectively calculating
The bit error rate transmitted under the channel unit impulse response of impulse response and emulation, is verified under actual environment by bit error rate
Channel is emulated.
Further, as a preferred technical solution of the present invention:Also include characteristic of channel display module, for showing
The channel parameter of actual measurement and the channel parameter of emulation, and generate actual measurement channel unit impulse response and simulated channel unit pulse
The figure of response.
The present invention adopts above-mentioned technical proposal, can produce following technique effect:
(1) wireless multipath fading information channel simulation method and channel simulator that, the present invention is provided, the mathematics in simulation process
Model is drawn based on actual measurement data, and the simulated channel unit arteries and veins for tallying with the actual situation is generated using institute's founding mathematical models
Punching response.Also, in the present invention, mathematical model and model parameter are to be set up based on measured data and extracted, and are based on this
Bright channel model, communication process is simulated under channel circumstance, the error bit ability of different communication process can be analyzed,
Acquired results are more more reliable than conventional channel emulator and more meet reality.
(2), conventional channel emulator generally by assuming that or theory analysis draw channel model, this and actual channel environment
There is certain difference.Additionally, conventional channel emulator is typically hard-wired, it is relatively costly.The channel simulator that the present invention is provided
Device, with low cost, complete function, the features such as extensibility is strong.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the wireless multipath fading information channel simulation method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 (a) is the 5th footpath width of actual measurement channel unit impulse response in wireless multipath fading information channel simulation method of the present invention
Degree distribution.
Fig. 2 (b) is the 5th footpath of the channel unit impulse response surveyed in wireless multipath fading information channel simulation method of the present invention
PHASE DISTRIBUTION.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of simulated channel systematic function in wireless multipath fading channel simulator of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the amplitude and the graph of a relation of time delay of the actual measurement channel with the channel unit impulse response of emulation of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that the channel simulator of the present invention calculates the bit error rate.
Fig. 6 is the graph of a relation of the bit rate that present invention actual measurement channel is missed with simulated channel and signal to noise ratio snr.
Specific embodiment
With reference to Figure of description, embodiments of the present invention are described.
In order to illustrate the present invention design wireless multipath fading information channel simulation method embodiment, using stair environment as
Typical scene, but the scene is not limited to, the information channel simulation method is equally applicable to other scenes.This fading channel emulation mode is such as
Shown in Fig. 1, following steps are specifically included.
Multi-path channel is formed by transmission antenna and reception antenna under step (1) actual environment, reality is measured by frequency sweep
Survey channel frequency response.
Measured data in the present invention is obtained by frequency domain measurement system, and the test system is by transmission antenna and reception
Antenna is connected to the two ends of vector network analyzer respectively by low loss cable, by the method for frequency sweep, can measure channel
Frequency response, the frequency range of measuring system is fL~fH, frequency sweep points are K0Point, fkFor the frequency sweep point of channel, fk=fL+
(fH-fL)/(K0- 1) k, k=1,2 ..., K0.Transmission antenna is fixed on floor levels;Reception antenna is under same stair environment
S0Move on level step, each step measures L on every grade of step as a region0Individual space networks lattice point, each mesh point
Upper measurement M0Group channel frequency response, every group of channel frequency response is by K0Individual frequency sweep point composition, therefore, S is obtained altogether0L0M0Group channel
Frequency response.By the measuring system, channel frequency response H (s, k, l, m), wherein s=1,2 ..., S can be obtained0, represent S0
Level step, k=1,2 ..., K0Represent K0Individual frequency sweep point, l=1,2 ..., L0Represent L0Individual mesh point, m=1,2 ..., M0Represent every
The M measured on individual mesh point0The channel frequency response of group actual measurement.
The S that step (2) method of testing of the invention is obtained0L0M0The channel frequency response of group actual measurement, respectively to each group
The channel frequency response of actual measurement carries out Fourier inversion, i.e.,:
H (τ)=ifft [H (s, k, l, m)] (1)
Thus, it is possible to obtain S0L0M0The channel unit impulse response of group actual measurement, in formula (1), h (τ) is the channel of actual measurement
Unit impulse response.Also, the unit impulse response of actual measurement channel can be characterized as:
Wherein N be multipath number, τkFor the time delay of channel, akFor the amplitude of channel, θkFor the phase place of channel.
Step (3) can separate the parameter in actual measurement channel unit impulse response, and be built according to above-mentioned formula (2)
Mould obtains parameter model, that is, determine parameter N, τk,ak,θkModel i.e. can be complete expression channel unit impulse response.
In the present invention, the measurement frequency range of measuring system is fL~fH, with a width of (fH-fL), therefore corresponding measuring system
Temporal resolution be τ0=1/ (fH-fL).All of channel unit impulse response is observed, it can be found that being T in time span0
Watch window after, the channel impulse response of actual measurement is nearly all 0 (having a little noise), therefore can be limited the value of k
For 1 to N=T0/τ0Between, i.e. k=1,2 ..., N.So, the time delay difference of the multipath number and each footpath of surveying channel can be by as follows
Formula is modeled:
τk=τ0(k-1) (4)
In above-mentioned formula (3) and (4), T0It is the time span of watch window, τ0For the temporal resolution of measuring system.
Then, to amplitude a in the unit impulse response of actual measurement channelkAnd phase thetakIt is modeled.
Step (4) is by the S for being extracted0L0M0The data of the channel unit impulse response of group actual measurement carry out Probability Distribution Analysis,
Using amplitude a of the Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method to each footpath (k=1,2 ..., N)kBe fitted, it can be found that the amplitude of channel with
Weibull distributions coincide the most, while the scale parameter α of Weibull distributions can be extracted by the approximating methodkAnd shape
Parameter betak.Similarly, phase thetakIt is coincide with being uniformly distributed the most, its upper bound can be extracted for uk, lower bound is lk.As an example, scheme
Amplitude (the i.e. a in the 5th footpath of channel unit impulse response of actual measurement is given in 2 (a) and Fig. 2 (b)5) and phase place (i.e. θ5) it is accumulative
Distribution function.As the amplitude and phase place are modeled as stochastic variable, respectively Weibull is distributed and is uniformly distributed, therefore it
Not deterministic expression, its probability density function is respectively:
Wherein, αkRepresent amplitude a of channelkScale parameter, βkRepresent amplitude a of channelkForm parameter;ukRepresent letter
The phase theta in roadkBe uniformly distributed the upper bound, lkRepresent the phase theta of channelkBe uniformly distributed lower bound;Hereafter, by parameter N of model,
τ0,τk,αk,βk,uk,lk(k=1,2 ..., N) it is stored in data base.
Model parameter N stored in step (5) reading database, τ0,τk,αk,βk,uk,lk(k=1,2 ..., N), then
Algorithm flow chart according to Fig. 3 generates simulated channel:I.e. for each footpath k=1,2 ..., N, according to parameter alphak,βkAccording to
Formula (5) produces the amplitude A of the stochastic variable as the channel unit impulse response of emulation of a Weibull distributionk, according to uk,
lkAn equally distributed stochastic variable is produced as phase place Θ of the channel unit impulse response of emulation according to formula (6)k, and
Read multipath number N and delay, τkDirectly as the multipath number and time delay of the channel unit impulse response of emulation, by gained Ak, Θk,
N, τkFormula (7) is substituted into, i.e., can obtain the channel unit impulse response for emulating.
Wherein h0(τ) be emulation channel unit impulse response.In order to compare the unit arteries and veins of simulated channel and actual measurement channel
The concordance of punching response, both amplitudes are presented in Fig. 4 with the relation of time delay.
Step (6) generates sending signal at random, using Monte Carlo simulation method, simulates the communication of whole transmission
Journey, calculates the mistake ratio for receiving that signal is transmitted under the channel unit impulse response of actual measurement channel unit impulse response and emulation respectively
Special rate.Its schematic diagram is as shown in figure 5, generating longer a string of transmission sequence at random and sending, its length is n0, through modulation
(planisphere mapping), chnnel coding, channel decoding, channel equalization and demodulation (planisphere mapping) are obtained and receive signal, statistics
The number of the position differed in sending sequence and receiving sequence is ne, by formula (8), under the conditions of different signal to noise ratios (SNR), meter
Bit error rate is calculated, so as to obtain the performance of communication process, verifies that the channel under actual environment is emulated by bit error rate,
Complete the function of channel simulator.
Pe=ne/n0 (8)
On the basis of the method, the invention allows for channel simulator, including:Channel measurement module, for reality
Channel in the environment of border between transmission antenna and reception antenna measures acquisition actual measurement channel frequency response;Actual measurement channel unit
Impulse response extraction module, for carrying out Fourier inversion to surveying channel frequency response, generates actual measurement channel unit pulse
Response;Model building module, is modeled and obtains for the multipath number to surveying channel unit impulse response, time delay, amplitude, phase place
Model must be corresponded to;Model parameter extraction module, for each the model extraction parameter to setting up and by the parameters for being extracted
It is stored in data base;Simulated channel generation module, for reading the model parameter stored in the data base, generates the channel of emulation
Unit impulse response;Simulated channel authentication module, receives signal in actual measurement letter for random generation sending signal and respectively calculating
The bit error rate transmitted under the channel unit impulse response of road unit impulse response and emulation, verifies actual rings by bit error rate
Channel under border is emulated;Step is emulated this emulator as stated above, completes the emulation of actual environment lower channel
Journey.
Also, the emulator of the present invention is in simulation process, also including characteristic of channel display module, for showing that multipath is passed
The parameter information that defeated channel is extracted in simulation process and analyzed, including the channel parameter and the channel parameter of emulation of actual measurement, ginseng
Number includes N, τ0,τk,αk,βk,uk,lk(k=1,2 ..., N), and generate actual measurement channel unit impulse response and simulated channel list
The figure of digit pulse response.
In order to the emulation mode and emulator of verifying the present invention are capable of the channel circumstance of simulation reality very well, spy enumerates one
Checking example is illustrated.
In the present embodiment, using 50MHz bandwidth, the signal of 4QAM modulation is in simulated channel and actual measurement channel for transmission antenna
Transmission, the number for receiving the position differed during signal statistics send sequence and receiving sequence after received antenna reception, and count
Bit error rate curve is drawn out after calculating corresponding bit error rate, bit rate and signal to noise ratio that channel is missed with simulated channel is surveyed
The graph of a relation of SNR as shown in fig. 6, by Fig. 6 the visible actual measurement channel of bit error rate curve and simulated channel error bit ability very
Be close to, thus illustrate the present invention in channel simulator can very well simulation reality channel circumstance.
To sum up, information channel simulation method of the invention and channel simulator use measured data compared to conventional channel emulator
The channel model set up instead of the channel model of hypothesis, signal of communication transmit in the channel simulator obtained by performance more
Tally with the actual situation.
Embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail above in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned enforcement
Mode, in the ken that those of ordinary skill in the art possess, can be with the premise of without departing from present inventive concept
Make a variety of changes.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of wireless multipath fading information channel simulation method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step (1) is measured to the channel in actual environment between transmission antenna and reception antenna, measures actual measurement by frequency sweep
Channel frequency response;
Step (2) carries out Fourier inversion to the channel frequency response surveyed, and obtains actual measurement channel unit impulse response;
Step (3) separates multipath number, time delay, amplitude and the angle surveyed in channel unit impulse response, and is modeled respectively
Obtain such as drag:
Multipath exponential model is N=T0/τ0, wherein T0For the time span of watch window, τ0For the time resolution of channel measurement system
Rate;
Time Delay Model is τk=τ0(k-1), wherein k=1,2 ..., N;
Amplitude a of channelkModel isWherein, αkRepresent the scale parameter of channel magnitude, βk
Represent the form parameter of channel magnitude;
The phase theta of channelkModel isWherein, ukRepresent that the phase place of channel is uniformly distributed the upper bound,
lkRepresent that the phase place of channel is uniformly distributed lower bound;
Parameter in amplitude and phase model that step (4) is obtained using Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method extraction step (3), then will be all
The parameter of model is stored in data base;
Step (5) reads the parameter of all models from the data base, generates the channel unit impulse response of emulation;
Step (6) generates random sending signal, transmission process is emulated using Monte Carlo simulation method, and calculating connects
The bit error rate that the collection of letters number is transmitted under the channel unit impulse response of actual measurement channel unit impulse response and emulation, by ratio by mistake
Channel under special rate checking actual environment is emulated.
2. wireless multipath fading information channel simulation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step (2) obtains
Surveying channel unit impulse response is:
Wherein N be multipath number, τkFor the time delay of channel, akTo survey the amplitude of channel, θkFor the phase place of channel.
3. wireless multipath fading information channel simulation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step (5) generates
The channel unit impulse response process of emulation is:From the parameter of data base's reading model;To each footpath according to the chi of channel magnitude
Degree parameter and form parameter produce the amplitude of the stochastic variable as the channel unit impulse response of emulation of a Weibull distribution
Ak, and according to the phase place of channel be uniformly distributed the upper bound and lower bound produces an equally distributed stochastic variable as the letter of emulation
Phase place Θ of road unit impulse responsek, and read parameter multipath number N and delay, τkRing directly as the channel unit pulse of emulation
The multipath number answered and time delay, according to formulaGenerate the channel unit impulse response of emulation.
4. wireless multipath fading information channel simulation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step (6) calculates
The step of bit error rate, includes the random transmission sequence for generating longer a string and sends that its length is n0;Obtain after channel transmission
Signal must be received, the number of the position that statistics is differed in sending sequence and receiving sequence is ne, it is calculated bit error rate Pe=
ne/n0。
5. wireless multipath fading information channel simulation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step (1) passes through
Frequency sweep measures actual measurement channel frequency response and comprises the following steps,
Step (a) arranges the S of reception antenna under actual environment0Individual moving area, each area inner measuring L0Individual space networks lattice point;
M is measured on step (b) each mesh point0Group channel frequency response, every group of channel frequency response is by K0Individual frequency sweep point composition, obtains
S0L0M0Group actual measurement channel frequency response.
6. a kind of channel simulator of the wireless multipath fading information channel simulation method based on described in claim 1, it is characterised in that
Including:
Channel measurement module, is surveyed for measuring to the channel in actual environment between transmission antenna and reception antenna
Channel frequency response;
Actual measurement channel unit impulse response extraction module, for carrying out Fourier inversion to surveying channel frequency response, generates
Actual measurement channel unit impulse response;
Model building module, is modeled and obtains for the multipath number to surveying channel unit impulse response, time delay, amplitude, phase place
Model must be corresponded to;
Model parameter extraction module, is stored in data for each the model extraction parameter to setting up and by the parameters for being extracted
Storehouse;
Simulated channel generation module, for reading the model parameter stored in the data base, generates the channel unit arteries and veins of emulation
Punching response;
Simulated channel authentication module, receives signal in actual measurement channel unit pulse for random generation sending signal and respectively calculating
The bit error rate transmitted under the channel unit impulse response of response and emulation, verifies the channel under actual environment by bit error rate
Emulated.
7. the channel simulator based on wireless multipath fading information channel simulation method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that:
Also include characteristic of channel display module, for showing the channel parameter of actual measurement and the channel parameter of emulation, and generate actual measurement letter
Road unit impulse response and the figure of simulated channel unit impulse response.
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CN114978384B (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2023-05-30 | 南京邮电大学 | Small-scale parameter modeling method for wireless channels of ultrahigh-frequency-band indoor offices |
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