CN104681823B - A kind of nitrogen-doped graphene and Co3O4 hollow nano-sphere composites and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of nitrogen-doped graphene and Co3O4 hollow nano-sphere composites and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN104681823B CN104681823B CN201510036178.6A CN201510036178A CN104681823B CN 104681823 B CN104681823 B CN 104681823B CN 201510036178 A CN201510036178 A CN 201510036178A CN 104681823 B CN104681823 B CN 104681823B
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Co+2].[Co+3].[Co+3] UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000002077 nanosphere Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011157 advanced composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004502 linear sweep voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001481789 Rupicapra Species 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- DLGYNVMUCSTYDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;pyridine Chemical compound N.C1=CC=NC=C1 DLGYNVMUCSTYDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
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- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical class Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001548 drop coating Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003541 multi-stage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011807 nanoball Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of advanced composite material (ACM), the preparation method and application of more particularly to a kind of nitrogen-doped graphene and cobaltosic oxide hollow nano-sphere composite.This new composite includes doped graphene matrix, and is attached to the cobaltosic oxide hollow nano-sphere of doped graphene stromal surface.The present invention is using melmac as cross-linking reagent by graphite oxide and Co2+It is integrated into a single precursor.During the presoma is pyrolyzed, melmac is as a kind of new nitrogen source to graphene uniform nitrating, and fixed generated in-situ cobalt oxide is final that nitrogen-doped graphene/Co with sandwich structure is made3O4Nano-hollow ball composite.The composite has graded porous structure, and specific surface area is high, and avtive spot is more, and electron conduction and ionic conductivity are good, have good application prospect in new energy and catalytic field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of advanced composite material (ACM), more particularly to a kind of nitrogen-doped graphene is matrix, and is attached to it
The cobaltosic oxide hollow nano-sphere composite on surface, includes the preparation method and application of this composite.
Background technology
New energy and new material are the focuses of international community concern, are also the new and high technology that China first develops.Lithium
Ion secondary battery is a kind of new green energy-storing electric supply installation, is widely used in the production of the portable electronics such as mobile phone, notebook
Product.But, the energy density of existing battery material is low, high rate performance is poor, it is impossible to the need for meeting vapour Vehicular dynamic battery.Cause
This, battery material (including positive pole and negative pole) of the research and development with energy density height, high rate performance and good cycle is current lithium
The emphasis of ion battery development, is also to restrict high-energy, the difficult point of high-power battery development.
Document report, transition metal oxide Co3O4Can be by redox machinery reversible lithium storage, theoretical specific capacity is high
Up to 890mAh g-1, it is expected to replace the graphite cathode of commodity lithium ion battery.But, the Co in electrochemistry cyclic process3O4Body
Product significant changes, cause electrode efflorescence, come off, impedance is significantly increased, and capacity is decayed rapidly, and cycle performance is poor.Moreover, Co3O4It is
A kind of p-type semiconductor, poorly conductive, high rate performance is bad.Difficult to solve these, people have synthesized a variety of Co3O4Nano junction
Structure material and its composite with carbon (including graphene).These nano composite materials (particularly Co3O4With answering for graphene
Condensation material) Co is alleviated to a certain extent3O4Volume Changes of the electroactive material in charge and discharge process, also improve it and lead
Electrically, so as to improve electrochemical lithium storage performance.But, Co in composite3O4Lack between the carbon matrix such as graphene enough
Interaction force, be bonded to each other insecure.In electrochemistry cyclic process, Co3O4Easily come off, reunite, cause composite
Cycle performance still can not meet the demand of practical application.
In addition, oxygen reduction electro-catalyst is the crucial material of the new energy devices such as fuel cell, metal-air battery development
Material.At present, oxygen reduction electro-catalyst is mainly the noble metals such as platinum.However, noble metal catalyst cost is high, easily poisoned by methanol,
Stability is poor, significantly limit the development of fuel cell, metal-air battery.Catalytic activity is high, stability is good, inexpensive
Non-precious metal catalyst is the Research Emphasis in current electro-catalysis field.
Nitrogen-doped graphene/Co prepared by prior art3O4Co in composite3O4All it is solid nanoparticles, compares table
Less, avtive spot is few for area, so the chemical property of composite can not still meet what high-energy, high-power battery developed
Need.Moreover, its application field is limited only on one side, or as lithium cell negative pole material, or urged as hydrogen reduction electricity
Agent.
In summary, nitrogen-doped graphene/Co3O4The synthesis of nano composite material turns into current new energy and new with application
The study hotspot of Material Field.Relevant nitrogen-doped graphene/Co in prior art data3O4The preparation method of nano composite material
Mainly there are two kinds.Method one prepares N doping stone using graphite oxide (GO), cobalt acetate, ammoniacal liquor as raw material by solvent thermal reaction
Black alkene/Co3O4Composite (Nat.Mater.2011,10,780；RSC Adv.2013,3,5003).This method is prepared first
GO, then by made GO ultrasonic disperses in ethanol solution, then add the aqueous solution and ammoniacal liquor of cobalt acetate, 10 are stirred at 80 DEG C
Hour, reactor is finally transferred in 3 hours obtained products of reaction at 150 DEG C.Method two with the graphene of N doping, cobalt chloride and
Urea is that raw material is prepared (Nano Energy 2014,3,134) through multistep reaction.This method needs 5 consecutive steps：1) first
Prepare GO；2) peeled off using microwave irradiation method and reduction GO prepares graphene (MGO)；3) MGO is mixed in ammonia/argon of flowing
Reaction prepares nitrogen-doped graphene (NMGO) for 1 hour at 850 DEG C in atmosphere；4) a certain amount of MGO is dispersed in water, added appropriate
Cobalt chloride and urea, and flowed back 3 hours at 90 DEG C, prepare Co (OH)2/NMGO；5) under the nitrogen protection of flowing, by Co
(OH)2Nitrogen-doped graphene/Co is finally made in 300 DEG C of heating in/NMGO3O4Compound.As prepared by the above method
Nitrogen-doped graphene/Co3O4The specific capacity that composite is used as lithium cell negative pole material is no more than 900mAh g-1, and high current
Lower charge/discharge capacity is lower；During as oxygen reduction electro-catalyst, a spike potential is low, is differed greatly with commodity Pt/C catalyst, and
And hydrogen reduction electric current density is small.
However, nitrogen-doped graphene/Co3O4The preparation of hollow nano-sphere composite and its in new energy and catalytic field
In application be rarely reported.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of nitrogen-doped graphene and Co3O4Hollow nano-sphere composite and its preparation side
Method and application, the characteristics of composite has high specific capacity, cycle performance and good rate capability as battery material negative pole, also
Solve and the problem of difficult, activity is low, cost is high is prepared in existing oxygen reduction electro-catalyst.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of nitrogen-doped graphene/Co3O4Hollow nano-sphere composite,
Including nitrogen-doped graphene matrix, and the Co being attached in the nitrogen-doped graphene matrix3O4Hollow nano-sphere.
This nitrogen-doped graphene/Co3O4The preparation method of hollow nano-sphere composite comprises the following steps：
1) preparation of graphite oxide dispersion：Graphite oxide (GO) is prepared by raw material of graphite.Specific method is as follows：By matter
Amount is than (2~4):1 graphite is added in the concentrated sulfuric acid with sodium nitrate, the lower Gao Meng for adding 2~5 times of graphite qualities of stirring
Sour potassium, is well mixed, and with less than 20 DEG C 0.5~3h of stirring of ice-water bath control temperature, then raises temperature to 32~38 DEG C of reactions
1~4h, is slowly added dropwise the deionized water of 35~50 times of graphite qualities, stirs, and is added when system temperature declines double
Oxygen water terminating reaction, graphite oxide is produced after suction filtration, washing, drying.
By dry graphite oxide powder ultrasonic disperse in water, GO dispersion liquids are configured to.
2) preparation of nitrogenous precursor：It is 1 that melamine and formaldehyde are pressed to the ratio between amount of material:(2~5) mixing is dissolved in water
In, heated at 50~90 DEG C, stirring obtains transparent nitrogenous precursor melmac (MR) solution；
3) by the GO dispersion liquids and the MR solution by volume (8~12)：1 mixes, and by every gram of GO input (10~
20) ratio of mmol cobalt salts adds the cobalt salt, stirring or ultrasound, forms it into uniform dispersion；Wherein, the cobalt salt is chlorine
Change one or both of cobalt, cobalt acetate, cobaltous sulfate or cobalt nitrate and the mixture of any of the above ratio；
4) hydro-thermal process：By the mixed dispersion liquid in hydro-thermal process 8~15 hours at 120~180 DEG C, precipitation and separation,
Wash, dry, obtain solid powder；
5) it is pyrolyzed：The solid powder is pyrolyzed under nitrogen protection, preferably pyrolysis temperature is 450~650 DEG C, pyrolysis
Time is 1~2 hour, obtains nitrogen-doped graphene/cobalt composite material；
6) oxidation processes：By the nitrogen-doped graphene/cobalt composite material oxidation processes, preferably oxidation processes in atmosphere
Temperature is 150~300 DEG C, and oxidization time is 1~2 hour, produces the nitrogen-doped graphene and cobaltosic oxide hollow Nano
Ball composite.
Nitrogen-doped graphene not only than graphene have higher electric conductivity, and itself and metal oxide nanoparticles it
Between can be intercoupled by coordination, so as to significantly improve the physicochemical properties of composite.Prepared by the present invention
Nitrogen-doped graphene has hollow-core construction with cobaltosic oxide nano ball composite, and the electroactive material of hollow-core construction not only has
There is a high-specific surface area, and active site is more, in available buffer charge and discharge process the features such as the Volume Changes of material.
The present invention also protects the application of the nitrogen-doped graphene and cobaltosic oxide hollow nano-sphere composite.
This nitrogen-doped graphene/Co3O4Hollow nano-sphere composite is preferably used as lithium ion battery negative material.
Although Co3O4Catalytic activity to oxygen reduction reaction is low, but the graphene of it and graphene or N doping is combined
Afterwards, catalytic performance is significantly increased.Therefore this nitrogen-doped graphene/Co3O4Hollow nano-sphere composite can also be used as hydrogen reduction electricity
Catalyst, for fuel cell and metal-air battery.
This nitrogen-doped graphene/Co3O4Hollow nano-sphere composite also acts as electrode material, for sodium-ion battery
With electrochemical energy storage and the conversion equipment such as ultracapacitor.
This nitrogen-doped graphene/Co3O4Hollow nano-sphere composite is alternatively arranged as new catalyst, for chemistry meticulously
The fields such as product synthesis, electrochemical sensor and biology sensor.
The present invention is using melmac as cross-linking reagent by graphite oxide and Co2+It is integrated into a single coordination forerunner
Body.During the presoma is pyrolyzed, melmac as a kind of new nitrogen source to graphene uniform nitrating, it is and fixed
Generated in-situ cobalt oxide, it is final that nitrogen-doped graphene/Co with sandwich structure is made3O4Nano-hollow ball composite.
The composite has graded porous structure, and specific surface area is high, and avtive spot is more, and electron conduction and ionic conductivity are good,
New energy and catalytic field have good application prospect.
Brief description of the drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is nitrogen-doped graphene/Co of the present invention3O4The SEM figures of hollow nano-sphere composite；
Fig. 2 is nitrogen-doped graphene/Co of the present invention3O4The TEM figures of hollow nano-sphere composite；
Fig. 3 is nitrogen-doped graphene/Co of the present invention3O4The XRD of hollow nano-sphere composite；
Fig. 4 is nitrogen-doped graphene/Co of the present invention3O4The N1s high-resolution XPS figures of hollow nano-sphere composite；
Fig. 5 is nitrogen-doped graphene/Co of the present invention3O4The TG figures of hollow nano-sphere composite；
Fig. 6 is nitrogen-doped graphene/Co of the present invention3O4N2 adsorption/desorption curve of hollow nano-sphere composite；
Fig. 7 is nitrogen-doped graphene/Co of the present invention3O4The graph of pore diameter distribution of hollow nano-sphere composite；
Fig. 8 is the nitrogen-doped graphene/Co3O4Hollow nano-sphere composite is as lithium cell negative pole material in 0.1C electricity
Charge-discharge performance under current density；
Fig. 9 is the nitrogen-doped graphene/Co3O4Discharge and recharge of the hollow nano-sphere composite under different current densities
Cycle performance；
Figure 10 is the nitrogen-doped graphene/Co3O4Hollow nano-sphere composite is in N2、O2The 0.1M KOH of saturation are molten
CV curves in liquid；
Figure 11 is nitrogen-doped graphene/Co of the present invention3O4Hollow nano-sphere composite is in O2The 0.1M KOH solutions of saturation
Middle LSV figures；
Figure 12 is nitrogen-doped graphene/Co of the present invention3O4Hollow nano-sphere composite is in O2The 0.1M KOH solutions of saturation
In different potentials under electron transfer number；
Figure 13 is nitrogen-doped graphene/Co of the present invention3O4Hollow nano-sphere composite and commodity Pt/C catalysis are stable
Property.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1：
Prepare nitrogen-doped graphene/Co3O4Hollow nano-sphere composite
1) preparation of graphite oxide (GO) dispersion liquid：2g aquadags and 1g sodium nitrate are added into 46mL to cool down through ice bath
The concentrated sulfuric acid in, 6g potassium permanganate is slowly added to by several times, is stirred continuously, keep temperature of reaction system be less than 20 DEG C.Then by temperature
Degree is increased to 35 DEG C or so, continues to stir 20h.92mL deionized waters are added, temperature of reaction system is raised rapidly.Stir 30min
Afterwards, the dilution of 142mL deionized waters is added, and adds 6mL hydrogen peroxide (30%) and obtains yellow dispersion liquid.Suction filtration, uses watery hydrochloric acid
(3.5%) washing is to without SO4 2-, then be washed with deionized to neutrality, gained is deposited in vacuum drying 24h at 45 DEG C and produced
Graphite oxide.By obtained graphite oxide ultrasonic disperse in water, 2mg mL are configured to-1Graphite oxide dispersion is standby.
2) preparation of nitrogenous precursor melmac (MR)：By 1 gram of melamine and 1.8mL formaldehyde (37wt%)
Add 10mL H2In O, stirring, heating obtains transparent MR solution for 10 minutes at 80 DEG C；
3) GO is uniformly mixed with MR, cobalt salt solution：To 20mL GO aqueous dispersions (2mg mL-1) in add 3mL MR and
1mmol Co2+Salt (cobalt chloride, cobalt acetate, cobaltous sulfate or cobalt nitrate), is sufficiently stirred for, and forms uniform dispersion；
4) hydro-thermal process：Above-mentioned mixed dispersion liquid is placed in reactor, in reaction 8~15 hours at 120~180 DEG C,
Precipitation and separation, washing, drying, obtain solid powder；
5) it is pyrolyzed：Above-mentioned solid powder is pyrolyzed 1~2 hour in 450~650 DEG C under nitrogen protection, N doping is obtained
Graphite/cobalt composite material；
6) oxidation processes：Above-mentioned N doping graphite/cobalt composite material is small in 150~300 DEG C of oxidations 1~2 in atmosphere
When, obtain the nitrogen-doped graphene and cobaltosic oxide hollow nano-sphere composite.
Nitrogen-doped graphene/Co of preparation3O4The microstructure of hollow nano-sphere composite by ESEM (SEM,
See Fig. 1) and transmission electron microscope (TEM is shown in Fig. 2) sign.Fig. 1 shows that this composite is porous sandwich lamellar structure；Fig. 2
Show Co3O4Hollow nano-sphere is uniformly distributed in ultra-thin N doping graphite nano plate surface.
Nitrogen-doped graphene/Co of the present invention3O4The composition and surface chemistry of hollow nano-sphere composite are by X-ray
Diffractometer (XRD is shown in Fig. 3) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS is shown in Fig. 4) are characterized.Fig. 3 shows in composite
Co3O4Effectively prevent the stacking again of nitrogen-doped graphene；Fig. 4 is nitrogen-doped graphene/Co3O4Hollow nano-sphere composite wood
The N1s high-resolution XPS figures of material, it is shown that nitrogen-atoms is evenly embedded into graphite with pyridine nitrogen, three kinds of forms of pyrroles's nitrogen and graphite nitrogen
In olefinic carbon skeleton.Fig. 5 is Co in composite3O4Content is quantitative determined by thermogravimetric analyzer (TG), as shown in Figure 5, N doping
Graphene and Co3O4Content be respectively 27.5 and 72.5wt%.The specific surface area and pore-size distribution of composite N2 adsorption ratio
Surface area apparatus (BET) is tested.Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are the nitrogen-doped graphene/Co3O4The nitrogen of hollow nano-sphere composite is inhaled
Attached/desorption curve and graph of pore diameter distribution, not only illustrate that composite has higher specific surface area, also illustrate that in material and exist
It is substantial amounts of mesoporous.
Embodiment 2：
Nitrogen-doped graphene/Co of the present invention3O4The lithium electric performance test of hollow nano-sphere composite.
1) preparation of electrode slice
By nitrogen-doped graphene/Co3O4Hollow nano-sphere composite, conductive black and Kynoar (PVDF) press matter
Amount is than being 80:10:10 mix, and add 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE, are tuned into slurry, are spread evenly across copper foil, dry, electrode is made
Piece.
2) battery is assembled
Using above-mentioned electrode slice as the positive pole of half-cell, lithium piece is negative pole, and Celgard-2400 perforated membranes are barrier film,
1mol·L-1LiPF6Ethylene carbonate:Dimethyl carbonate (volume ratio 1:1) it is electrolyte, in the glove box full of argon gas
It is assembled into CR2032 type button cells.
3) battery performance test
Constant current charge-discharge test (see Fig. 8) is carried out using Neware BTS cell testers, blanking voltage scope is 0.005
~2.5V.With CHI 760D electrochemical workstations (Shanghai Chen Hua instrument company) test loop volt-ampere curve (CV, voltage scanning model
Enclose for 0.005~2.5V, sweep speed is 0.1mVs-1), see Fig. 9.Illustrate that the composite has good high rate performance.
Embodiment 3：
Nitrogen-doped graphene/Co of the present invention3O4The electrocatalysis characteristic test of hollow nano-sphere composite.
1) preparation of working electrode
A diameter of 3mm glass-carbon electrode is polished to minute surface with aluminium oxide powder on chamois leather, successively with ethanol and going
Ionized water is cleaned by ultrasonic 5min, dries naturally stand-by.By nitrogen-doped graphene/Co described in 1mg embodiments 23O4Hollow nano-sphere is answered
Condensation material or commodity Pt/C catalyst ultrasonic disperse are in 0.5mL Nafion ethanol solution (Nafion concentration is 0.05%).Will
5 μ L catalyst dispersions drop coatings dry obtained working electrode naturally in preprepared glassy carbon electrode surface, and its catalyst is carried
Measure as 141.6 μ g cm-2。
2) hydrogen reduction electrocatalysis characteristic is tested
The glass-carbon electrode modified using catalyst is working electrode, and platinum filament is that saturated calomel electrode is reference electrode to electrode,
Oxygen or the 0.1M KOH of nitrogen saturation are electrolyte, constitute three electrode test systems.Hydrogen reduction catalytic performance test equipped with
Completed on the electrochemical workstation (CHI760D) of rotating circular disk device (ATA-1B).
Test loop volt-ampere (CV) curve in -1.0~0.2V potential ranges, it is 100mV s to sweep speed-1.Figure 10 is this hair
Bright nitrogen-doped graphene/Co3O4Hollow nano-sphere composite is in N2、O2CV curves in the 0.1M KOH solutions of saturation, display
Going out it has good catalytic activity to hydrogen reduction, and its activity is not influenceed by methanol.In 0.2~-0.8V potential ranges
Interior test linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curve, it is 10mV s to sweep speed-1, electrode rotating speed is 1600rpm.Test is urged under different rotating speeds
Change redox LSV curves, so that the electron transfer number under obtaining different potentials.Figure 11 and Figure 12 are that nitrogen of the present invention is mixed respectively
Miscellaneous graphene/Co3O4Hollow nano-sphere composite is in O2LSV curves (background correction in the 0.1M KOH solutions of saturation
Capacitive current) and electron transfer number under different potentials, illustrate the material catalytic oxidation-reduction plays that spike potential is high, hydrogen reduction
Current density is big, four electronics (4e-) reaction path selectivity height；
The stability of catalyst is tested using current-vs-time method (I-t) (see Figure 13).Polarization potential is -0.36 V, electrode
Rotating speed is 1600rpm.Show that the hydrogen reduction electrocatalysis stabilizability of composite in the present invention is good.
It can be that professional and technical personnel in the field realize or used that above-mentioned embodiment, which is intended to illustrate the present invention, to above-mentioned
Embodiment is modified and will be apparent for those skilled in the art, therefore the present invention includes but is not limited to
Above-mentioned embodiment, it is any to meet the claims or specification description, meet with principles disclosed herein and novelty,
The method of inventive features, technique, product, each fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method for preparing nitrogen-doped graphene and cobaltosic oxide hollow nano-sphere composite, it is characterised in that bag
Include following steps：
1) preparation of graphite oxide dispersion：Graphite oxide is prepared by raw material of graphite, and obtained graphite oxide ultrasound is divided
Dissipate in water, be configured to graphite oxide dispersion standby；
2) preparation of nitrogenous precursor：It is 1 that melamine and formaldehyde are pressed to the ratio between amount of material:2~5 is soluble in water, in 50-90
Heated at DEG C, stirring obtains transparent nitrogenous precursor melmac solution；
3) by the graphite oxide dispersion and the melmac solution by volume 8~12：1 mixes, and by every gram
The ratio of graphite oxide input 10~20mmol cobalt salts adds the cobalt salt, stirring or ultrasound, forms it into uniform dispersion；Its
In, the cobalt salt is the mixture of one or both of cobalt chloride, cobalt acetate, cobaltous sulfate or cobalt nitrate any of the above ratio；
4) hydro-thermal process：By the mixed dispersion liquid at 120~180 DEG C react 8~15 hours, precipitation and separation, washing, do
It is dry, obtain solid powder；
5) it is pyrolyzed：The solid powder is pyrolyzed under nitrogen protection, nitrogen-doped graphene/cobalt composite material is obtained；
6) oxidation processes：By nitrogen-doped graphene/cobalt composite material oxidation processes in atmosphere, the N doping stone is produced
Black alkene and cobaltosic oxide hollow nano-sphere composite.
2. a kind of nitrogen-doped graphene and cobaltosic oxide hollow nano-sphere composite of preparing according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that step 1) the specific preparation method of the graphite oxide is：By graphite and sodium nitrate with mass ratio 2~
4:1 adds in the concentrated sulfuric acid, the lower potassium permanganate for adding 2~5 times of graphite qualities of stirring, is well mixed, uses ice-water bath control
Less than 20 DEG C 0.5~3h of stirring of temperature processed, then raise temperature to 32~38 DEG C of 1~4h of reaction, 35~50 times of stones are slowly added dropwise
The deionized water of black quality, is stirred, when system temperature declines add hydrogen peroxide terminating reaction, suction filtration, washing, do
Graphite oxide is produced after dry.
3. a kind of nitrogen-doped graphene and cobaltosic oxide hollow nano-sphere composite of preparing according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that step 5) in, the pyrolysis temperature is 450-650 DEG C, and pyrolysis time is 1~2 hour.
4. a kind of nitrogen-doped graphene and cobaltosic oxide hollow nano-sphere composite of preparing according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that step 6) in, the oxidation temperature is 150~300 DEG C, and oxidization time is 1~2 hour.
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| CN102602917B (en) * | 2012-03-19 | 2014-02-12 | 华南理工大学 | Preparation method of nitrogen doped graphene/ metal oxide nanometer composite material |
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