CN104681805A - Ternary high-voltage positive electrode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method of ternary high-voltage positive electrode material - Google Patents
Ternary high-voltage positive electrode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method of ternary high-voltage positive electrode material Download PDFInfo
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- CN104681805A CN104681805A CN201310625106.6A CN201310625106A CN104681805A CN 104681805 A CN104681805 A CN 104681805A CN 201310625106 A CN201310625106 A CN 201310625106A CN 104681805 A CN104681805 A CN 104681805A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Abstract
The invention relates to a ternary high-voltage positive electrode material for a lithium ion battery and a preparation method of the ternary high-voltage positive electrode material. The general formula of the ternary high-voltage positive electrode material of the lithium ion battery is LiNi(1-x-y-Z)CoxMnyMZO2/Al2O3, wherein x is greater than 0 and smaller than or equal to 0.1, y is greater than 0 and smaller than or equal to 0.40, and Z is greater than 0 and smaller than or equal to 0.10; the average particle size is between 4 microns and 20 microns; the diameter of the primary particle is between 0.5 micron and 6 microns, and the specific surface area of the primary particle is between 0.1m<2>/g and 1.0m<2>/g. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a hydroxide coprecipitation precursor, then adding with sodium bicarbonate and aluminum salt to react to obtain a coated precursor, and finally mixing the coated precursor with a lithium source compound, carrying out ball milling, and forging in an oxygen atmosphere to obtain the ternary high-voltage positive electrode material for the lithium ion battery. The surface of the positive electrode material for the battery is not corroded by the generated HF, and meanwhile, the inner laminar structure of the material can not collapse under high-voltage condition.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of anode material for lithium-ion batteries, particularly a kind of ternary high-voltage lithium ion battery cathode material and preparation method.
Background technology
Along with the Rapid Expansion of consumer electronics product, the explosive growth of positive electrode demand will be brought, but positive electrode current material market dog-eat-dog, ternary material cost is higher, 3C smart mobile phone and other consumer electronics all need high-energy-density positive electrode, and the energy density therefore how improving ternary lithium ion anode material seems particularly urgent.LiNi
1-x-yco
xmn
yo
2be the transition metal oxide with layer structure, it has the advantages such as aboundresources, stable electrochemical property, specific energy that discharge voltage range is wide, higher.
By improving the charging voltage of ternary material, the capacity of ternary material will be improved, voltage often improves 0.1V, capacity will improve 10 ~ 15mAh/g, to greatly improve the energy density of positive electrode, but ternary material is after raising voltage, its surface will by the HF acid corrosion produced, exposed electrode surface also can aggravate the reaction with electrolyte, the SEI film formed will constantly be grown up, the capacity of material and cycle performance also can decline, the layer structure of ternary material also can be caved in because of the raising of voltage simultaneously, successfully prepare high voltage ternary material, will be that market is expected.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems of the technologies described above the high-voltage lithium ion battery cathode material that the invention provides a kind of method adopting liquid phase doping and liquid phase coating oxide to combine and prepare.Presoma is carried out liquid phase doping and obtains Ni by the method
1-x-y-Zco
xmn
ym
z(OH)
2, then at its Surface coating one deck pellumina, this film, by the coated presoma of liquid phase method, is heat-treated afterwards and is obtained positive electrode.
A kind of ternary high-voltage lithium ion battery cathode material of the present invention, general formula is LiNi
1-x-y-Zco
xmn
ym
zo
2/ Al
2o
3, 0 < x≤0.10,0<y≤0.40,0<Z≤0.10, average grain diameter is between 4 ~ 20um, and primary particle particle diameter is at 0.5 ~ 6um, and specific area is at 0.1 ~ 1.0m
2between/g.
The preparation method of a kind of ternary high-voltage lithium ion battery cathode material of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) by certain mol ratio configuration Ni
2+, Co
2+, Mn
2+with the mixed solution of M compound, Ni
2+, Co
2+, Mn
2+molar concentration scope 0 < Ni≤1.0mol/L, 0<Co≤0.40mol/L, 0<Mn≤0.50mol/L;
2) mixed solution of step 1), complexing agent, hydroxide pump continuous print are input in reactor, through stirring, precipitation, be separated, dry its hydroxide co-precipitation precursor Ni
1-x-y-Zco
xmn
ym
z(OH)
2;
3) by step 2) hydroxide co-precipitation precursor and sodium bicarbonate solution add in reactor and stir, at 50 ~ 55 DEG C, stir 1 ~ 8h with the speed of 200 ~ 900r/min;
4) aluminum salt solution is added with the rate of addition of 0.02 ~ 0.1L/min in the mixed solution of step 3) gained, stir, add ammoniacal liquor simultaneously and regulate the pH value of solution to be 8 ~ 12;
5) by the solution stand 60 ~ 100min of step 4), then carry out filtering, washing, cleaning solution pH is 6.5 ~ 7.0, obtains coated presoma;
Cleaning solution specifically refers to wash material after reaction, refers to the solution after washing, is controlled the degree of washing by the pH value controlling cleaning solution.
6) material after step 5) being washed carries out suction filtration, then under the condition of 60 ~ 100 DEG C, 2 ~ 20h is dried, by step 6) dry after coated precursor with Li source compound according to mol ratio 1:(1.02 ~ 1.15) mix, ball milling is carried out with polyurethane ball, Ball-milling Time is 4h, calcines 2 ~ 10h and just can obtain ternary high-voltage lithium ion battery cathode material in oxygen atmosphere under 100 ~ 1000 DEG C of conditions.
Described Ni
2+derive from nickel nitrate, nickel chloride, nickelous sulfate; Described Co
2+derive from cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, cobaltous sulfate; Described Mn
2+derive from manganese sulfate, manganese chloride; Described M compound chooses one or more in magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide
Described hydroxide is the mixture of one or more in NaOH, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide; Described complexing agent is ammoniacal liquor.
The concentration of described sodium bicarbonate solution is 0.1 ~ 3mol/L.
Described aluminium salt derives from AlCl
3, Al
2(SO
4)
3, AlNO
3in one, the concentration of aluminum salt solution is 0.01 ~ 0.2mol/L.
Described Li source compound is the mixture of one or more in lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate or lithium nitrate.
A kind of ternary high-voltage lithium ion battery cathode material surface of the present invention is not corroded by the HF produced, and under high voltage condition, the internal layered structure of material can not cave in simultaneously.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
1) Ni:Co:Mn=0.5:0.2:0.3 deionized water configures Ni in molar ratio
2+, Co
2+, Mn
2+mixed solution, namely adds the manganese sulfate 1L of cobaltous sulfate 1L, 0.3mol/L of nickelous sulfate 1L, 0.2mol/L of 0.5mol/L, adds the Adlerika of 0.02mol simultaneously, and the concentration of magnesium sulfate can be 2000 ~ 5000ppm;
2) take ammoniacal liquor as complexing agent, NaOH is precipitation reagent, the mixed solution of step 1), ammoniacal liquor and NaOH pump continuous print are input in reactor, the concentration of ammoniacal liquor is 2mol/L, add 10L, the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution is 4mol/L, adds 10L, through stirring, precipitation, separation, dry its hydroxide co-precipitation precursor Ni
0.5co
0.2mn
0,3mg
0.02(OH)
2;
3) by 50g step 2) hydroxide co-precipitation precursor Ni
0.5co
0.2mn
0,3mg
0.02(OH)
2the deionized water solution being 1mol/L sodium acid carbonate with concentration mixes, and sodium acid carbonate adds 5L, at 50 DEG C, stirs 2h with the speed of 800r/min;
4) liquor alumini chloridi of 0.03mol/L is joined in the mixed solution of step 3) gained with the rate of addition of 0.05L/min, aluminium chloride instills 0.02mol altogether, and temperature controls at 50 DEG C, and stirs 30min, adds ammoniacal liquor simultaneously and regulates the pH value of solution to be 8.5;
5) by the solution stand 60min of step 4), then carry out filtering, washing, cleaning solution pH is 7.0;
6) material after step 5) being washed carries out suction filtration, then under the condition of 80 DEG C, 6h is dried, coated precursor after drying is mixed according to mol ratio 1:1.02 with lithium hydroxide, ball milling is carried out with polyurethane ball, Ball-milling Time is 4h, in oxygen atmosphere, calcine the positive electrode that 6h just can obtain alumina membrane coated under 900 DEG C of conditions, and the average grain diameter of this material is 12um, primary particle particle diameter 3um, specific area 0.15m
2/ g, this nanometer film thickness is 10nm.
Embodiment 2:
1) Ni:Co:Mn=0.4:0.2:0.4 deionized water configures Ni in molar ratio
2+, Co
2+, Mn
2+mixed solution, namely adds the manganese sulfate 1L of cobalt chloride 1L, 0.4mol/L of nickel nitrate 1L, 0.2mol/L of 0.4mol/L, adds the Adlerika of 0.02mol simultaneously, and the concentration of magnesium sulfate can be 2000 ~ 5000ppm;
2) take ammoniacal liquor as complexing agent, potassium hydroxide is precipitation reagent, the mixed solution of step 1), ammoniacal liquor and NaOH pump continuous print are input in reactor, the concentration of ammoniacal liquor is 3mol/L, add 10L, the concentration of potassium hydroxide solution is 5mol/L, adds 10L, through stirring, precipitation, separation, dry its hydroxide co-precipitation precursor Ni
0.4co
0.2mn
0.4mg
0.02(OH)
2;
3) by 50g step 2) hydroxide co-precipitation precursor Ni
0.4co
0.2mn
0.4mg
0.02(OH)
2the deionized water solution being 0.3mol/L sodium acid carbonate with concentration mixes, and sodium acid carbonate adds 5L, at 50 DEG C, stirs 2h with the speed of 800r/min;
4) liquor alumini chloridi of 0.035mol/L is joined in the mixed solution of step 3) gained with the rate of addition of 0.05L/min, aluminium chloride instills 0.02mol altogether, temperature controls at 50 DEG C, and stirs 30min, adds appropriate ammoniacal liquor simultaneously and regulates the pH value of solution to be 8.5;
5) by the solution stand 60min of step 4), then carry out filtering, washing, cleaning solution pH is 7.0;
6) material after step 5) being washed carries out suction filtration, then under the condition of 80 DEG C, 6h is dried, coated precursor after drying is mixed according to mol ratio 1:1.08 with lithium hydroxide, ball milling is carried out with polyurethane ball, Ball-milling Time is 4h, in oxygen atmosphere, calcine the positive electrode that 6h just can obtain alumina membrane coated under 920 DEG C of conditions, and the average grain diameter of this material is 11um, primary particle particle diameter 2.5um, specific area 0.18m
2/ g, this nanometer film thickness is 10nm.
Embodiment 3:
1) Ni:Co:Mn=0.333:0.333:0.333 deionized water configures Ni in molar ratio
2+, Co
2+, Mn
2+mixed solution, namely adds the manganese sulfate 1L of cobaltous sulfate 1L, 0.333mol/L of nickel chloride 1L, 0.333mol/L of 0.333mol/L, adds the Adlerika of 0.02mol simultaneously, and the concentration of magnesium sulfate can be 2000 ~ 5000ppm;
2) take ammoniacal liquor as complexing agent, NaOH is precipitation reagent, the mixed solution of step 1), ammoniacal liquor and NaOH pump continuous print are input in reactor, the concentration of ammoniacal liquor is 4mol/L, add 10L, the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution is 6mol/L, adds 10L, through stirring, precipitation, separation, dry its hydroxide co-precipitation precursor Ni
0.3co
0.3mn
0.3mg
0.02(OH)
2;
3) by 50g step 2) hydroxide co-precipitation precursor Ni
0.3co
0.3mn
0.3mg
0.02(OH)
2the deionized water solution being 0.3mol/L sodium acid carbonate with concentration mixes, and sodium acid carbonate adds 5L, at 55 DEG C, stirs 2h with the speed of 800r/min;
4) aluminum nitrate solution of 0.030mol/L is joined in the mixed solution of step 3) gained with the rate of addition of 0.05L/min, aluminum nitrate instills 0.02mol altogether, temperature controls at 50 DEG C, and stirs 30min, adds appropriate ammoniacal liquor simultaneously and regulates the pH value of solution to be 8.5;
5) by the solution stand 60min of step 4), then carry out filtering, washing, cleaning solution pH is 7.0;
6) material after step 5) being washed carries out suction filtration, then under the condition of 80 DEG C, 6h is dried, coated precursor after drying is mixed according to mol ratio 1:1.15 with lithium hydroxide, ball milling is carried out with polyurethane ball, Ball-milling Time is 4h, in oxygen atmosphere, calcine the average grain diameter that 6h just can obtain this material of positive electrode of alumina membrane coated under 930 DEG C of conditions is 11um, primary particle particle diameter 2.5um, specific area 0.18m
2/ g.This nanometer film thickness is 11nm.
Experimental example:
Ternary high-voltage lithium ion battery cathode material embodiment 1 ~ embodiment 3 prepared is made 18650 batteries and is then carried out charge-discharge performance test.
Performance test 1:
Make 18650 batteries and then carry out charge-discharge performance test, voltage range carries out discharge and recharge at 3.0-4.4, and 0.2C first discharge capacity reaches 183.9mAh/g, and 1C capacity arrives 172.5mAh/g.Under 45 DEG C of conditions, the 1C specific capacity after 500 times that circulates is 151.8mAh/g, capability retention 88.0%.
Performance test 2:
Make 18650 batteries and then carry out charge-discharge performance test, voltage range carries out discharge and recharge at 3.0-4.4, and 0.2C first discharge capacity reaches 181.2mAh/g, and 1C capacity arrives 171.3mAh/g.Under 45 DEG C of conditions, the 1C specific capacity after 500 times that circulates is 153.3mAh/g, capability retention 89.5%.
Performance test 3:
Make 18650 batteries and then carry out charge-discharge performance test, voltage range carries out discharge and recharge at 3.0-4.4, and 0.2C first discharge capacity reaches 180.2mAh/g, and 1C capacity arrives 169.8mAh/g.Under 45 DEG C of conditions, the 1C specific capacity after 500 times that circulates is 152.3mAh/g, capability retention 89.7%.
Above embodiment data show: after coated, material electrolyte in charge and discharge process can not corrode positive electrode, and does not corrode positive electrode in charge and discharge process through coated traditional material, can worsen the electrical property of material like this.
Claims (7)
1. a ternary high-voltage lithium ion battery cathode material, is characterized in that: general formula is LiNi
1-x-y-Zco
xmn
ym
zo
2/ Al
2o
3, 0 < x≤0.10,0<y≤0.40,0<Z≤0.10, average grain diameter is between 4 ~ 20um, and primary particle particle diameter is at 0.5 ~ 6um, and specific area is at 0.1 ~ 1.0m
2between/g.
2. a preparation method for ternary high-voltage lithium ion battery cathode material, is characterized in that there are following steps:
1) by certain mol ratio configuration Ni
2+, Co
2+, Mn
2+with the mixed solution of M compound, Ni
2+, Co
2+, Mn
2+molar concentration scope 0 < Ni≤1.0mol/L, 0<Co≤0.40mol/L, 0<Mn≤0.50mol/L;
2) mixed solution of step 1), complexing agent, hydroxide pump continuous print are input in reactor, through stirring, precipitation, be separated, dry its hydroxide co-precipitation precursor Ni
1-x-y-Zco
xmn
ym
z(OH)
2;
3) by step 2) hydroxide co-precipitation precursor and sodium bicarbonate solution add in reactor and stir, at 50 ~ 55 DEG C, stir 1 ~ 8h with the speed of 200 ~ 900r/min;
4) aluminum salt solution is added with the rate of addition of 0.02 ~ 0.1L/min in the mixed solution of step 3) gained, stir, add ammoniacal liquor simultaneously and regulate the pH value of solution to be 8 ~ 12;
5) by the solution stand 60 ~ 100min of step 4), then carry out filtering, washing, cleaning solution pH is 6.5 ~ 7.0, obtains coated presoma;
6) material after step 5) being washed carries out suction filtration, then under the condition of 60 ~ 100 DEG C, 2 ~ 20h is dried, by step 6) dry after coated precursor with Li source compound according to mol ratio 1:(1.02 ~ 1.15) mix, ball milling is carried out with polyurethane ball, Ball-milling Time is 4h, calcines 2 ~ 10h and just can obtain ternary high-voltage lithium ion battery cathode material in oxygen atmosphere under 100 ~ 1000 DEG C of conditions.
3. the preparation method of a kind of ternary high-voltage lithium ion battery cathode material according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described Ni
2+derive from nickel nitrate, nickel chloride, nickelous sulfate; Described Co
2+derive from cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, cobaltous sulfate; Described Mn
2+derive from manganese sulfate, manganese chloride; Described M compound chooses one or more in magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide
4. the preparation method of a kind of ternary high-voltage lithium ion battery cathode material according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described hydroxide is the mixture of one or more in NaOH, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide; Described complexing agent is ammoniacal liquor.
5. the preparation method of a kind of ternary high-voltage lithium ion battery cathode material according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the concentration of described sodium bicarbonate solution is 0.1 ~ 3mol/L.
6. the preparation method of a kind of ternary high-voltage lithium ion battery cathode material according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described aluminium salt derives from AlCl
3, Al
2(SO
4)
3, AlNO
3in one, the concentration of aluminum salt solution is 0.01 ~ 0.2mol/L.
7. the preparation method of a kind of ternary high-voltage lithium ion battery cathode material according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described Li source compound is the mixture of one or more in lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium acetate or lithium nitrate.
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CN106602004A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2017-04-26 | 河南科隆新能源股份有限公司 | High-safety power lithium ion secondary battery composite positive material and preparation method thereof |
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WO2021015679A1 (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2021-01-28 | Enwair Enerji Teknolojileri A.S. | Production method for li-rich cathode material |
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CN113215647A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-08-06 | 中南大学 | Modification research of high-voltage single-crystal ternary cathode material |
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