CN104679946B - A kind of perturbation fluorescence Monte-Carlo Simulation Method based on voxel - Google Patents
A kind of perturbation fluorescence Monte-Carlo Simulation Method based on voxel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of perturbation fluorescence Monte-Carlo Simulation Method based on voxel, and incident light source is characterized as setting to the set of number photon, determines initial position and direction and the position of detector of light source；Launch exciting light photon, tracking exciting light photon transmits in biological tissues, calculates exciting light photon and is converted into fluorescent photon ratio, along exciting light path calculating detector on received fluorescent photon weight, preserve the routing information of photon；When fluorogen absorption coefficient minor variations, using the photon path information of preservation, carry out fluorescent photon weight on direct calculating detector, greatly save simulated photons transmission time in biological tissues.The inventive method computational efficiency is high, can greatly improve the computational efficiency of fluorescence tomography rebuilding.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mathematical simulation and biomedical engineering field, is related to a kind of perturbation fluorescence Meng Teka based on voxel
Sieve analogy method.
Background technology
Most of biological tissues are the three-dimensional turbid media of high scattering, establish a high-precision and efficient calculating side
Method has great significance for the quantitative accuracy of fluorescence fault imaging.Monte Carlo be it is a kind of based on random sampling procedure from
Dissipate statistical methods.Other methods are compared to, DSMC can simulate random geometry, boundary condition and optics
Photon transport process under parameter.Due to its wide applicability, it transports actual physics process as a simulated photons
Most directly, most effective and most believable method.Thus, it becomes the goldstandard for evaluating other application-specific methods.
A.J.Welch describes the rule that fluorescence is excited and propagated in biological tissues earliest, and proposes standard fluorescence
Monte Carlo Method [1].In the big stratiform turbid media of semo-infinite, the simulation result of this method has proven to accurate
[2].Liebert proposes the perturbation fluorescence DSMC [3] for applying to stratiform turbid media.In fluorescence fault imaging weight
In building, when fluorogen absorption coefficient changes, generally require to carry out once complete standard fluorescence Monte-Carlo Simulation to be tied
Fruit, amount of calculation are often quite big；And the mechanics of biological tissue information provided by imaging means such as CT and MRI is all based on voxel
's.The method that A.J.Welch is proposed can cause larger computational burden to computer, and the method that Liebert is proposed can only fit
For stratified model, above method can not fully meet the demand of fluorescence tomography rebuilding.Therefore invent one kind and utilize one
The secondary Monte Carlo simulation side based on voxel for calculating the photon path information preserved and carrying out fluorescence weight on direct calculating detector
Method, the time can be greatlyd save, and meet this demand.
[1]Welch AJ,Gardner C,Richards-Kortum R,et al.Propagation of
fluorescent light[J].Lasers in surgery and medicine,1997,21(2):166-178.
[2]Vishwanath K,Pogue B,Mycek M A.Quantitative fluorescence lifetime
spectroscopy in turbid media:comparison of theoretical,experimental and
computational methods[J].Physics in Medicine and Biology,2002,47(18):3387.
[3]Liebert A,Wabnitz H,Zolek N,et al.Monte Carlo algorithm for
efficient simulation of time-resolved fluorescence in layered turbid media
[J].Optics express,2008,16(17):13188-13202.
The content of the invention
Present invention aims at one kind is provided in fluorogen absorption coefficient minor variations, quick calculate detects upper fluorescence
The Monte-Carlo Simulation Method of weight.This method is directly utilized by once calculating the photon path information of preservation, secondary calculating
The photon path information of preservation calculates fluorescence, greatlys save the time that simulated photons are transmitted in biological tissues.
A kind of perturbation fluorescence Monte-Carlo Simulation Method based on voxel, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) target biological tissue is determined, three-dimensional dividing is carried out to target biological tissue, builds a three-dimensional voxel model,
A 3-dimensional digital matrix is established, each element corresponds with voxel in three-dimensional voxel model in 3-dimensional digital matrix, each
A kind of biological tissue of numerical identity of element, the optical property parameter of biological tissue is set：Absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient, fluorescence
Group's absorption coefficient, refractive index and anisotropy factor；
(2) incident light source is characterized as setting to the set of number photon, determines initial position and direction and the detection of light source
The position of device, exciting light photon is launched, tracking exciting light photon transmits in biological tissues, and calculating exciting light photon is converted into glimmering
Light proportion of photons, along exciting light path calculating detector on received fluorescent photon weight, preserve the road of excitation photon
Footpath information；
(3) when the fluorogen absorption coefficient change in biological tissue, using the excitation photon routing information of preservation, calculate
Received fluorescent photon weight on detector.
Exciting light photon is converted into during fluorescent photon in step (2), it is assumed that fluorescence is anisotropic scattering, and fluorescence dissipates
It is consistent with exciting light scattering direction to penetrate direction.
It is assumed that the path of exciting light photon and fluorescent photon random walk in biological tissues is identical in step (2).
It is assumed that exciting light goes out fluorescence in fluorescence area continuous agitation in step (2).
Step (2) is specifically carried out according to the following steps：
(2.1) transmission of exciting light photon in biological tissues is followed the trail of, along exciting light path, is calculated and excited using formula
Light photon weight w (rs,r)；
In formula：rsIt is fluorescence excitation position for light source position, r；
For the absorption coefficient of exciting light, μafFor fluorogen absorption coefficient；
rj(j=1 ... pi) it is exciting light photon from rsTo r -1 path length between jth time scattering events of jth
Degree；
w0For the initial weight of exciting light photon, l (rj) it is in rjThe path length that microcell is undergone；
(2.2) if the fluorescence area of excitation photon in biological tissues is absorbed and excites generation fluorescence, according to fluorescence
Coefficient and quantum efficiency are rolled into a ball to calculate the Probability p (r) that exciting light is converted into fluorescence；
P (r)=η (1-exp (- μafl(r)))
In formula：η is quantum efficiency；
(2.3) along exciting light path, fluorescent photon weight w (r, r are calculated using formulad)；
In formula：rdFor detector position；
For the absorption coefficient of fluorescence；
rj(j=pi+1,.......qi) for fluorescent photon from r to rdJth -1 time and the path between jth time scattering events
Length；
w0' be fluorescent photon initial weight, l (rj) it is in rjThe path length that microcell is undergone；
(2.4) all fluorescent photons are followed the trail of, the fluorescence in fluorescent photon effusion tissue or death, calculating detector
Photon weight, preserve the routing information from source to detector excitation photon；Source position is in rsPlace, excites position at r, detector
In rdPlace receives all fluorescent photon weights and W (rs,rd, r) be：
In non-fluorescence region μaf(rj) it is 0；
Step (3) is specifically carried out according to the following steps：
(3.1) index value of the voxel that fluorogen absorption coefficient changes in biological tissue is determined, and is extracted glimmering in the voxel
The path length that light photon is walked；
(3.2) using the laser photon routing information preserved, the fluorescent photon power substituted on the direct calculating detector of following formula
Weight.
The inventive method computational efficiency is high, can greatly improve the computational efficiency of fluorescence tomography rebuilding.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the basic flow sheet of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is three-dimensional model diagram.
Fig. 3 a are to normalize fluorescence intensity profile on the detector obtained in standard fluorescence monte carlo modelling.
Fig. 3 b are to normalize fluorescence intensity on the detector obtained in the perturbation fluorescence monte carlo modelling based on voxel
Distribution map.
Fluorescence is normalized on the detector that Fig. 4 is obtained in the perturbation fluorescence monte carlo modelling for standard and based on voxel
Intensity contour distribution map.
Embodiment
With reference to accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
As shown in figure 1, the implementation steps of the present invention are as follows：
(1) target biological tissue is subjected to three-dimensional dividing, builds a three-dimensional voxel model, establish a 3-dimensional digital square
Gust, each element corresponds with voxel in three-dimensional voxel model in 3-dimensional digital matrix, and the numerical identity of each element is a kind of
Biological tissue, the optical property parameter of biological tissue is set：Absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient, fluorogen absorption coefficient, refractive index and
Anisotropy factor；
(2) incident light source is characterized as setting to the set of number photon, determines initial position and direction and the detection of light source
The position of device；
(3) launch exciting light photon, using incident light source position and incident light direction as the initial position of each photon and
Direction, tracking exciting light photon transmit in biological tissues, calculate exciting light photon and are converted into fluorescent photon ratio, along exciting
Received fluorescent photon weight on light path calculating detector, preserve the routing information of photon；
The transmitting procedure of tracking photon in biological tissues concretely comprises the following steps：
(3.1) launch exciting light photon, exciting light photon initial weight be 1, if exciting light photon outside biological tissue,
Then photon is moved on tissue surface along optical propagation direction is excited by iterative algorithm, if exciting light photon is in biology
In tissue, then this position is set as that photon launches position；
(3.2) scattering length, the distance between double scattering event, sampled by the scattering coefficient of current location, photon is set
Wrap the step-length Sleft=-In ξ/μ often walkeds；
(3.3) photon is moved along scattering path and moved a step；After if shifting moves a step, photon enters other voxels, then
Photon is moved at voxel interface and terminated, and determines photon rum point and the new direction of propagation on voxel interface.Into next
After individual voxel, photon has continued to move to remaining step-length；
(3.4) along exciting light path, using the primary theorem of Bill-youth, exciting light photon weight is calculated；Often make a move, such as
Fruit exciting light photon is also introduced into fluorescence area, and the attenuation ratio of photon weight isIf exciting light photon enters
Fluorescence area, the attenuation ratio of photon weight are
(3.5) if the fluorescence area of exciting light photon in biological tissues is absorbed and excites generation fluorescence.Exciting light
Converting photons are that the ratio of fluorescent photon is η (1-exp (- μafl))；
(3.6) after fluorescent photon is excited, along exciting light path, using the primary theorem of Bill-youth, fluorescent photon power is calculated
Weight；Often make a move, be in fluorescence area fluorescent photon weight attenuation ratioIn non-fluorescence region, fluorescence
The attenuation ratio of photon weight is
(3.7) in scattering position, new scattering direction vector is calculated according to Henyey-Greenstein functions；
(3.8) repeat step (3.3), until all photons are dead or effusion medium；
(3.9) source position is in rsPlace, exciting position, detector is in r at rdPlace receives all fluorescent photon weights
With W (rs,rd, r) be：
In non-fluorescence region μaf(rj) it is 0；
(3.10) after photon tracking terminates, the voxel index value passed through of each photon and photon institute in the voxel are recorded
The path length walked.
(4) when the fluorescence index variation in biological tissue, using the laser photon routing information of preservation, quick calculate is visited
Survey fluorescent photon weight received on device；
(4.1) the voxel index value of fluorescence index variation in biological tissue is determined, and extracts what photon in the voxel was walked
Path length.
(4.2) by the laser photon routing information of extraction, equation is substituted into
So as to the fluorescent photon weight on direct calculating detector；
(5) after following the trail of all photons, fluorescent photon weight that output detector receives.
The present invention is expanded on further below by example.
Embodiment：
With three-dimensional voxel model shown in Fig. 2.The model contains 4 kinds of different types of tissues, be respectively muscle, bone, kidney,
Heart, fluorogen are located at kidney portion；Fluorogen absorption coefficient is set to 1cm-1, quantum efficiency 1；Contain 301401 in voxel model altogether
Individual voxel, the size of each voxel is 0.05cm, and media size is 3.05cm × 3.05cm × 4.05cm.The position in source, which takes, is scheming
2 marker locations, detector are taken in the region of source opposite 180 degree, and it is evenly distributed on 80 layers, every layer of 180 detector；In table
We list the optical parameter value of each tissue in 1, and remaining parameter such as g is set to 0.9, and refractive index is set to 1.37, is near-infrared
The representative value of biological tissue under spectrum.The number of photons of simulation is 109。
The optical parameter value that table 1 is respectively organized
Fig. 3 a are to normalize fluorescence intensity point on the detector obtained in the simulation of standard fluorescence Monte Carlo (sfMC) method
Butut, Fig. 3 b are that normalization fluorescence is strong on the detector obtained in perturbation fluorescence Monte Carlo (pfMC) method simulation based on voxel
Distribution map is spent, Fig. 4 is that fluorescence intensity distribution is normalized on the detector obtained in standard and perturbation fluorescence monte carlo modelling
The contour of image compares.Fluorescence intensity profile is normalized from detector and contour map can be seen that two methods result
Meet very well.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of perturbation fluorescence Monte-Carlo Simulation Method based on voxel, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) target biological tissue is determined, three-dimensional dividing is carried out to target biological tissue, builds a three-dimensional voxel model, is established
One 3-dimensional digital matrix, each element corresponds with voxel in three-dimensional voxel model in 3-dimensional digital matrix, each element
A kind of biological tissue of numerical identity, the optical property parameter of biological tissue is set：Absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient, fluorogen are inhaled
Receive coefficient, refractive index and anisotropy factor；
(2) incident light source is characterized as setting to the set of number photon, determines the initial position and direction and detector of light source
Position, exciting light photon is launched, tracking exciting light photon transmits in biological tissues, calculates exciting light photon and is converted into fluorescence light
Sub- ratio, along exciting light path calculating detector on received fluorescent photon weight, preserve the path letter of excitation photon
Breath；The exciting light photon is converted into during fluorescent photon, it is assumed that fluorescence is anisotropic scattering, and fluorescent scattering direction is with swashing
Luminous scattering direction is consistent；It is assumed that the path of the exciting light photon and fluorescent photon random walk in biological tissues is identical；
It is assumed that exciting light goes out fluorescence in fluorescence area continuous agitation；
Step (2) is specifically carried out according to the following steps：
(2.1) transmission of exciting light photon in biological tissues is followed the trail of, along exciting light path, excitation light is calculated using formula
Sub- weight w (rs,r)；
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In formula：rsIt is fluorescence excitation position for light source position, r；
For the absorption coefficient of exciting light, μafFor fluorogen absorption coefficient；
rj(j=1 ... pi) it is exciting light photon from rsTo r -1 path length between jth time scattering events of jth；
w0For the initial weight of exciting light photon, l (rj) it is in rjThe path length that microcell is undergone；
(2.2) if the fluorescence area of excitation photon in biological tissues is absorbed and excites generation fluorescence, according to fluorogen system
Count with quantum efficiency to calculate the Probability p (r) that exciting light is converted into fluorescence；
P (r)=η (1-exp (- μafl(r)))
In formula：η is quantum efficiency；
(2.3) along exciting light path, fluorescent photon weight w (r, r are calculated using formulad)；
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In formula：rdFor detector position；
For the absorption coefficient of fluorescence；
rj(j=pi+1,.......qi) for fluorescent photon from r to rdJth -1 time and the path length between jth time scattering events；
w0' be fluorescent photon initial weight, l (rj) it is in rjThe path length that microcell is undergone；
(2.4) all fluorescent photons are followed the trail of, the fluorescent photon in fluorescent photon effusion tissue or death, calculating detector
Weight, preserve the routing information from source to detector excitation photon；Source position is in rsPlace, exciting position, detector is in r at rd
Place receives all fluorescent photon weights and W (rs,rd, r) be：
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1
In non-fluorescence region μaf(rj) it is 0；
(3) when the fluorogen absorption coefficient change in biological tissue, using the excitation photon routing information of preservation, detection is calculated
Received fluorescent photon weight on device.
2. the perturbation fluorescence Monte-Carlo Simulation Method according to claim 1 based on voxel, it is characterised in that：Step
(3) specifically carry out according to the following steps：
(3.1) index value of the voxel that fluorogen absorption coefficient changes in biological tissue is determined, and extracts fluorescence light in the voxel
The path length that son is walked；
(3.2) using the excitation photon routing information preserved, the fluorescent photon weight substituted on the direct calculating detector of following formula,
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| CN101513343A (en) * | 2009-01-13 | 2009-08-26 | 华中科技大学 | Analysis system and method for obtaining stable state/transient state light diffusion characteristic |
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