CN104677667B - A kind of anti-fire test device that component axial direction elastic restraint is provided and method - Google Patents
A kind of anti-fire test device that component axial direction elastic restraint is provided and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104677667B CN104677667B CN201510131386.4A CN201510131386A CN104677667B CN 104677667 B CN104677667 B CN 104677667B CN 201510131386 A CN201510131386 A CN 201510131386A CN 104677667 B CN104677667 B CN 104677667B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of anti-fire test device that component axial direction elastic restraint is provided and method, including：Sliding beam, cluster spring, auxiliary reaction frame, loading post, pressure transducer, sliding support, test specimen bearing and some other node types of attachment, wherein auxiliary reaction frame is made up of crossbeam, span centre assembly and support column.Test stove, reaction frame and the hydraulic jack having existed is coordinated to can be assembled into a whole set of anti-fire test device.The present invention can study axially constrained component, the particularly axially constrained component of high-fineness ratio using this device, accurately control constraint rigidity, obtain constrained component before by fiery flexing, after flexing, flexing, the even data such as the temperature of temperature-fall period overall process, axle power and displacement, laid the foundation by the mechanical characteristic under fiery state, deformational behavior and destructive characteristics etc. for studying constrained component.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of building structure Fire-resistance test field is and in particular to one kind can provide component axial direction elastic restraint
Anti-fire test device and method.
Background technology
Since last century the nineties, structure fire-resistant research starts to proceed to based on structural continuity from individual member
The test of component fire resistance and theoretical research.Numerous achievements in research show, due to the seriality of structure, between component mutually about
Bundle can produce two aspect impacts, on the one hand produce constraint to the axial expansion of component, reduce the critical temperature of component；The opposing party
Face, after component flexing, constraint will share the bearing capacity of component forfeiture, shows as component and has certain Post-Bucking Strength.Example
As, in Large Space Building Fires scene, due to non-uniform Distribution and the local Fire Radiation of flue-gas temperature, led to network frame house cap
The non-homogeneous intensification of structure, differs causing the axial temperature between component to deform, is formed and mutually constrain, thus producing attached between rod member
Plus Forces, make the mechanics of component in overall structure under fire react the mechanics reaction being different from independent component.
Existing《Construction steel structure fireproofing technique specification》CECS 200:2006 regulation fire resistant design method, by component from
Overall structure is stripped out, and to ensure refractory ability under fire for the single component, to realize integrally-built fire safety evaluating.This
Kind of method for designing does not account for the effect of restraint of component, otherwise the consequence causing in Practical Project be measurements for fire-protection not
Enough, or causing to waste.So, study fire resistance and the failure mode of confining part, have very important significance.
In current Fire-resistance test both domestic and external, typically provide constraint by freely-supported H profile steel beam, but this kind of device has two
Problem：1st, the constraint rigidity that H profile steel beam provides is obtained by the cross section property of girder steel, is difficult accurately to be met the pact of test requirements document
Shu Gangdu；2nd, H profile steel beam, when span centre produces compared with small deflection, will produce plastic deformation, cannot provide and hold in process of the test
Continuous elastic restraint.These problems lead to the length testing test specimen less, can only study before flexing and test specimen during flexing simultaneously
Mechanics reacts the mechanical behavior characteristic it is impossible to after research component flexing and in temperature-fall period.Therefore invent a kind of new constraint
Device, can facilitate and provide test specimen axial elasticity constraint rigidity exactly, improve to overall process mechanics in constrained component fire
Repercussion study, has important using value to scientifically implementing confining part Fire-resistance test.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to proposing a kind of anti-fire test device providing component axial direction elastic restraint and method, profit
Can be studied by axially constrained component, the particularly axially constrained component of high-fineness ratio with this device, accurate control constraint is just
Degree, obtains constrained component before by fiery flexing, after flexing, flexing, the even temperature of temperature-fall period overall process, axle power and displacement
Etc. data, laid the foundation by the mechanical characteristic under fiery state, deformational behavior and destructive characteristics etc. for studying constrained component.
The technical solution used in the present invention is：A kind of anti-fire test device that component axial direction elastic restraint is provided, including
Test stove, stove tops Vierendeel girder, reaction frame, hydraulic jack, sliding beam, cluster spring, auxiliary reaction frame, pressure sensing
Device, screw bolt-type roller bearing, channel-section steel, loading post, test specimen, test specimen bearing one, test specimen bearing two；
Described reaction frame includes reaction frame crossbeam and reaction frame column, and described reaction frame crossbeam is fixed on two counter-forces and erects
Between post, reaction frame column is fixed on the stove tops Vierendeel girder of test stove by hold-down support；
Described hydraulic jack is fixed on reaction frame cross rail inner, and cushion block and hydraulic jack are passed through in the side of described sliding beam
Top connects, and the opposite side of sliding beam passes through pressure transducer and is connected with loading post, and the two ends of sliding beam are divided by slip beam end plate
It is not fixed with screw bolt-type roller bearing, in screw bolt-type roller bearing, be provided with the plain bar of the line slideway as sliding beam,
Plain bar is welded on as on the channel-section steel of sliding support, and channel-section steel is fixed on inside reaction frame column；
Described test specimen is mounted in test stove, and one end of test specimen is fixed on reaction frame crossbeam by test specimen bearing one
Inner side, the other end of test specimen passes through test specimen bearing two and is connected with loading post；
Described auxiliary reaction frame includes assisting reaction frame support column, auxiliary reaction frame crossbeam and span centre assembly, described span centre
The two ends of assembly are connected to auxiliary reaction frame crossbeam, and auxiliary reaction frame crossbeam is fixed on reaction frame column, assists counter-force
Auxiliary reaction frame support column is installed between frame crossbeam and reaction frame column, described loading post passes through span centre assembly, described auxiliary
It is provided with cluster spring between reaction frame crossbeam and sliding beam.
Preferably, described sliding beam is provided with sliding beam ribbed stiffener, described channel-section steel is provided with the horizontal reinforcing plate of channel-section steel.
A kind of test method of the above-mentioned anti-fire test device providing component axial direction elastic restraint, comprises the following steps：
(1) pass through test required constraint rigidity and select spring specification and number of combinations, and make spring housing；
(2) reaction frame, auxiliary reaction frame, spring, hydraulic jack and pressure transducer are installed, and set in sliding beam span centre
Put displacement meter, jack Slow loading, record loads load and slide displacement, draws composite rigidity, and obtains with Theoretical Calculation
Confinement stiffness ratio relatively, if test value is larger with theoretical value gap, need repeatedly to measure and average, final determine constraint just
Degree；
(3) released load, and reload, make sliding beam sliding one end distance, now restricted spring is in compressive state；
Before loading, need to calculate test specimen by fire axially maximum steady swell increment to make spring in the test specimen expansion stage still in being subject to
Pressure condition, provides the restraining forceies of continuous and effective；
(4) arrangement thermocouple and displacement extensometer on test specimen, installs test specimen and by pressure transducer and circuit integrator
It is connected；
(5) hydraulic jack loads again, makes the numerical value of the pressure transducer at loading capital end reach value set in advance；
(6) leakage test stove, is heated up by the heating curve of design, and record data；
(7) when test specimen reaches predetermined state, cooling of stopping working, and unload, stop data record；When temperature is down to room temperature
When, open sealing device, see and look into test piece deformation, destructive characteristics, measure deformation deflection.
Due to standard compression spring coefficient of elasticity accurately, and there is larger compression range, so, with varying number and
The spring of different elastic stiffnesss can prepare the cluster spring that Pass Test requires.This cluster spring is tried by fire for confining part
When testing, need to carry out at normal temperatures just compressing, make spring produce satisfactory initial displacement amount, to ensure confining part whole
In high temperature course, spring is in compression travel all the time.Thus providing accurately effectively restraining forceies for test specimen.
Existing constraint test specimen be subject to fire test in, typically by freely-supported H profile steel beam provide constraint, but, H profile steel beam across
When middle generation is compared with small deflection, plastic deformation will occur it is impossible to provide stable elasticity about to component in whole test process
Bundle.
Then it is completely absent above-mentioned situation using standard spring and its supporting component composition restraint device, bullet can be made full use of
The elastic compression performance of spring, provides accurate, lasting elastic restraint for test test specimen, and, spring assembly easy accessibility, replacement
The spring of different size and quantity can provide the axial constraint of different-stiffness.
Beneficial effect：Apparatus of the present invention have the spies such as constrain degree of accuracy height, easy accessibility, workable, the suitability is wide
Point.
(1) whole device is all bolted, and dismounting is quick and easy.
(2) make full use of horizontal member test stove, to study axial constraint component, to increased the utilization rate of stove.
(3) pass through change spring specification sum amount and can accurately obtain different degree of restraint, pass through simple examination simultaneously
Test the constraint rigidity that can check cluster spring it is ensured that constraint rigidity is accurate enough.
(4) spring has larger compression deformation ability, and advantage is a lot of；1 allows before the test compression spring in advance, uses
To ensure test specimen in the expansion stage, spring stills provide effective restraining forceies；During 2 component flexing, often with larger axial direction
Deformation so that the girder steel of the general restraining forceies being provided by constraint H profile steel beam produces very big mid-span deflection deformation, when beam across
In deform more than certain value after, will produce plastic deformation, and cannot be the constraint rigidity that test specimen provides continuous and effective, based on this
The situation of kind, the most only test specimen research experiment to short length of current constrained test, or only study component
Just stop during flexing testing, furthermore admissible constraint beam produces plastic deformation, is processed by the finite element software in later stage, moulds this
Property deformation impact dispel.And properly there is the characteristic of larger compression using spring, then there is not above-mentioned situation.
This device is suitable for the needs of high-fineness ratio confining part stage axial deformation after expansion and flexing, and then can obtain
Take the data such as deformational behavior during being entirely subject to fire for the constraint steel pipe, mechanical property and destructive characteristics, adapted to now to knot
The demand that structure is integrally studied, and to optimization structure fire resistant design method, and fire-fighting work has directive significance.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is anti-fire test device structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is axial elasticity restraint device structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is A point partial schematic plan view in Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is A point part elevation schematic diagram in Fig. 2；
Fig. 5 is sliding beam structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is B point partial structural diagram in Fig. 2.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
As shown in figures 1 to 6, a kind of anti-fire test device providing component axial direction elastic restraint, including test stove 1, fire
Furnace roof portion Vierendeel girder 2, reaction frame, hydraulic jack 5, sliding beam 6, cluster spring, auxiliary reaction frame, pressure transducer 11, spiral shell
Bolt type roller bearing 12, channel-section steel 13, loading post 14, test specimen 15, test specimen bearing 1, test specimen bearing 2 17；
Described reaction frame includes reaction frame crossbeam 3 and reaction frame column 4, and described reaction frame crossbeam 3 is fixed on two counter-forces
Erect between post 4, reaction frame column 4 is fixed on the stove tops Vierendeel girder 2 of test stove 1 by hold-down support；
Described hydraulic jack 5 is fixed on inside reaction frame crossbeam 3, and cushion block 18 and liquid are passed through in the side of described sliding beam 6
Pressure jack 5 connects, and the opposite side of sliding beam 6 passes through pressure transducer 11 and is connected with loading post 14, and the two ends of sliding beam 6 are passed through
Slip beam end plate 20 is respectively fixed with screw bolt-type roller bearing 12, is provided with as sliding beam 6 in screw bolt-type roller bearing 12
The plain bar 21 of line slideway, plain bar 24 is welded on as on the channel-section steel 13 of sliding support, and channel-section steel 13 is fixed on counter-force
Erect inside post 4；
Described test specimen 15 is mounted in test stove 1, and one end of test specimen 15 is fixed on instead by test specimen bearing 1
Inside power frame crossbeam 3, the other end of test specimen 15 passes through test specimen bearing 2 17 and is connected with loading post 14；
Described auxiliary reaction frame includes assisting reaction frame support column 8, auxiliary reaction frame crossbeam 9 and span centre assembly 10, described
The two ends of span centre assembly 10 are connected to auxiliary reaction frame crossbeam 9, and auxiliary reaction frame crossbeam 9 is fixed on reaction frame column 4,
Auxiliary reaction frame support column 8 is installed between auxiliary reaction frame crossbeam 9 and reaction frame column 4, described loading post 14 passes through span centre
Assembly 10, is provided with cluster spring between described auxiliary reaction frame crossbeam 9 and sliding beam 6.Described sliding beam 6 is provided with sliding beam
Ribbed stiffener 19, described channel-section steel 13 is provided with the horizontal reinforcing plate of channel-section steel 22.
Described cluster spring includes some springs 7 and the sleeve 23 matching with spring sizes and shrouding 24, described spring 7
In two ends insertion sleeve 23, sleeve 23 is welded with shrouding 24, and two side seal boards 24 are separately fixed at sliding beam 6 and auxiliary reaction frame is horizontal
On beam 9.
Test specimen of the present invention is long length round steel pipe test specimen, and test fire stove has Control for Kiln Temperature, furnace pressure control, data to adopt
Collection, curve shows, the function such as data storage and security alarm, can be the temperature conditionss needed for test provides.
Reaction frame passes through 4 hold-down supports, is fixed on the Vierendeel girder of stove tops, so that body of heater is combined with reaction frame
Become an entirety.Hydraulic jack is fixed on reaction frame cross rail inner, provides enough xial feeds for test specimen, and has larger
Telescopic displacement.
Sliding support is mainly made up of channel-section steel, bores a hole, so that high-strength bolt is fixed in reaction frame column on web
Inner side.And outside two side wing edges, a plain bar is respectively welded in centre position, as the line slideway of sliding beam.Sliding beam two
End end plate on each fix 4 screw bolt-type roller bearings, the U-type groove on roller outer ring in process of the test is placed on plain bar, can
Limit sliding beam along along external load direction slidably.In sliding beam span centre position, outer side wing edge bolt fixing 30mm thickness steel
Plate, for accepting the external load of hydraulic jack applying, opposite side then fixation pressure sensor.
After calculating the constraint rigidity required for test, according to《Common cylinder spiral compression spring size and parameter》
GBT2089-2009 selectes suitable spring specification, and determines the number of combinations of spring.Spring housing is more than spring outer diameter by internal diameter
The steel pipe of 1.5～2mm and steel pipe shrouding composition, wherein open circular hole on shrouding, with bolt, spring housing are separately fixed at sliding beam
On auxiliary reaction frame crossbeam.During test is carried out, when needing to increase the spring unloading model of the same race, only need to be by compression spring
Penetrate or pull-off spring set is interior.
Auxiliary reaction frame includes 2 crossbeams, 2 support columns and 1 span centre assembly, and is assemblied to form by high-strength bolt.
Wherein, support column one end is fixed on reaction frame column, and the other end is fixed in the middle part of crossbeam；Crossbeam one end is fixed on counter-force and erects
On post, the other end is connected with span centre assembly, and collectively constitutes an entirety with another crossbeam, is placed on stove tops steel-frame beam
On；Span centre assembly is made up of the steel-pipe welding of H profile steel, base plate, shrouding and middle part insertion, and wherein base plate opens circular hole, by height
Strength bolt is connected on stove steel-frame beam, for limiting the moving direction loading post, and bears the moment of flexure from test specimen.
Load post be mainly made up of the steel pipe and two end-plates of larger thickness, shrouding open circular hole respectively with test specimen bearing and pressure
Force transducer is connected, for a part of external load is passed to test specimen.
Pressure transducer can be bolted on reaction frame crossbeam, and internal diameter is screwed hole, can will carry externally threaded circle
Steel is screwed into, threaded round steel and seal plate welding, and with load post end-plate bolted connections, for measuring the axle power of test specimen.
Test specimen is connected on bolted spherical node bearing by high-strength bolt, to simulate articulated manner, the company with rod member for grid
Connect mode consistent.
Present invention others connected mode, such as：Test specimen end plate is connected by high-strength bolt with loading styletable plate and can simulate admittedly
Knot mode；Bearing pin is welded by test specimen end plate and simulates articulated manner.Other the way of restraint, such as：All springs are removed, can
Simulation no restrained boundary condition；Spring is changed to steel pipe or H profile steel, fixing sliding beam, the perimeter strip of infinitely great constraint can be simulated
Part.Also fire can not be subject to, a loading at constant temperature, can do the test of constrained loading at constant temperature aspect.
By connection and structural form, the size of simple transformation axial constraint device, but ultimate principle is not changed in, and still exists
Within patent right protection domain.As compression spring is changed to extension spring or i.e. stretchable and compressible spring；By bolt
Type roller bearing changes the line slideway doing other forms；Increase and support column dimension, change support column and crossbeam connection angle, set up
Strut；Etc..
It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention,
Some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.In the present embodiment not
The all available prior art of clearly each ingredient is realized.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of provide component axial direction elastic restraint anti-fire test device test method it is characterised in that：
The anti-fire test device of described provided component axial direction elastic restraint includes testing stove, stove tops Vierendeel girder, anti-
Power frame, hydraulic jack, sliding beam, cluster spring, auxiliary reaction frame, pressure transducer, screw bolt-type roller bearing, channel-section steel, plus
Carry post, test specimen, test specimen bearing one, test specimen bearing two；
Described reaction frame includes reaction frame crossbeam and reaction frame column, described reaction frame crossbeam be fixed on two reaction frame columns it
Between, reaction frame column is fixed on the stove tops Vierendeel girder of test stove by hold-down support；
Described hydraulic jack is fixed on reaction frame cross rail inner, and cushion block is passed through with hydraulic jack even in the side of described sliding beam
Connect, the opposite side of sliding beam passes through pressure transducer and is connected with loading post, slip beam end plate is passed through respectively admittedly in the two ends of sliding beam
Surely there is screw bolt-type roller bearing, in screw bolt-type roller bearing, be provided with the plain bar of the line slideway as sliding beam, light is justified
On the channel-section steel as sliding support, channel-section steel is fixed on inside reaction frame column reinforcement welding；
Described test specimen is mounted in test stove, and one end of test specimen is fixed in reaction frame crossbeam by test specimen bearing one
Side, the other end of test specimen passes through test specimen bearing two and is connected with loading post；
Described auxiliary reaction frame includes assisting reaction frame support column, auxiliary reaction frame crossbeam and span centre assembly, described span centre assembly
Two ends be connected to auxiliary reaction frame crossbeam, auxiliary reaction frame crossbeam is fixed on reaction frame column, and auxiliary reaction frame is horizontal
Auxiliary reaction frame support column is installed between beam and reaction frame column, described loading post passes through span centre assembly, described auxiliary counter-force
It is provided with cluster spring between frame crossbeam and sliding beam；
The test method of the above-mentioned anti-fire test device providing component axial direction elastic restraint, comprises the following steps：
(1) pass through test required constraint rigidity and select spring specification and number of combinations, and make spring housing；
(2) reaction frame, auxiliary reaction frame, spring, hydraulic jack and pressure transducer are installed, and position is set in sliding beam span centre
Move meter, jack Slow loading, record loads load and slide displacement, draws composite rigidity, and the pact obtaining with Theoretical Calculation
Bundle ratio of rigidity relatively, if test value is larger with theoretical value gap, needs repeatedly to measure and average, final determination constraint rigidity；
(3) released load, and reload, make sliding beam sliding one segment distance, now restricted spring is in compressive state；Load
Before, need to calculate test specimen by fire axially maximum steady swell increment to make spring in the test specimen expansion stage still in pressurized shape
State, provides the restraining forceies of continuous and effective；
(4) arrangement thermocouple and displacement extensometer on test specimen, install test specimen and pressure transducer are connected with circuit integrator；
(5) hydraulic jack loads again, makes the numerical value of the pressure transducer at loading capital end reach value set in advance；
(6) leakage test stove, is heated up by the heating curve of design, and record data；
(7) when test specimen reaches predetermined state, cooling of stopping working, and unload, stop data record；When temperature is down to room temperature,
Open sealing device, see and look into test piece deformation, destructive characteristics, measure deformation deflection.
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| CN201510131386.4A CN104677667B (en) | 2015-03-24 | 2015-03-24 | A kind of anti-fire test device that component axial direction elastic restraint is provided and method |
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| CN201510131386.4A CN104677667B (en) | 2015-03-24 | 2015-03-24 | A kind of anti-fire test device that component axial direction elastic restraint is provided and method |
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| CN105928788A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-09-07 | 重庆大学 | Spherical hinge constraining method capable of realizing hinge joint compression on 1000-t testing machine |
| CN106442859B (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2018-08-17 | 沈阳建筑大学 | A kind of loading device of slender member fire resistance experiment |
| CN106940945A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-07-11 | 安徽工程大学 | Temperature stress experimental rig |
| CN107167378B (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2023-06-20 | 华北理工大学 | Axial tension test device and test method thereof |
| CN106969978B (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2023-06-09 | 华北理工大学 | Axial tension test device under constraint action and test method thereof |
| CN107478677B (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2020-02-14 | 中国矿业大学 | Spring or damper boundary constraint multi-constraint reinforced concrete slab fire resistance test system |
| CN110274818A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-09-24 | 东南大学 | A kind of cable-supported bridge fire causes the combination test apparatus of disconnected rope |
| CN110608907A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-12-24 | 广州大学 | Support for providing in-plane or out-of-plane elastic torsion restraint and experimental device comprising same |
| CN111982663B (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2023-05-23 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | Bidirectional follow-up supporting device for flat frame rib |
| CN111948024B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2024-04-26 | 华南理工大学 | Steel plate local buckling test device with vertical limiting function and test method thereof |
| CN113109166A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-13 | 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 | Mechanical property test equipment and test method for steel structure beam column node under fire |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2000283896A (en) * | 1999-03-30 | 2000-10-13 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | Super-critical water reaction experimental device |
| DE202007015622U1 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2008-01-10 | Burwitz Feuerungsbau Gmbh | fire test furnace |
| CN101413937B (en) * | 2008-11-27 | 2012-06-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Anti-fire test device of restrained beam |
| CN201293781Y (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2009-08-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Test device for resisting fire of constrained pole |
| CN101413938A (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2009-04-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Anti-fire test device of restrained column |
| CN102901648B (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2015-04-08 | 宁波大学 | Restraint device for column fire resisting test |
| CN104215653B (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2017-04-19 | 中国矿业大学 | System for testing fire resistance of reinforced concrete plate under effect of boundary restriction by utilizing jack |
| CN204439387U (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-07-01 | 南京工业大学 | A kind of members shaft that provides is to the anti-fire test device of elastic restraint |
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