CN104677483B - A kind of digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system - Google Patents
A kind of digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to sensor field more particularly to a kind of digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system, including：The vibration velocity signal detected is changed into analog electrical signal by geophone；The analog electrical signal is transmitted to impact signal detection unit after high-pass filtering and digitlization and impact signal inhibits unit, the impact signal detection unit and impact signal inhibit unit and judge whether generate impact signal in sensing system according to the size of the differential value of digitized signal, if detecting generation impact signal, the impact signal which is multiplied by the moment inhibits the gain signal that obtains that treated；Treated the signal is exported in the form of analog signal again after digital integration and digital low-frequency compensation and filtering.The present invention effectively inhibits the vibratory impulse of burst to cause the mutation and vibration of geophone output signal, improves the stability and accuracy of integral sensors system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sensor field more particularly to a kind of digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer systems.
Background technology
In the operational process using turbine-generator units as the slow-speed of revolution rotating machinery of representative, main mechanism vibrations frequency
Rate can be down to 0.4Hz-0.5Hz, and high band main frequency is then not less than 180Hz.Therefore towards slow-speed of revolution rotating machinery
, it is necessary to be measured to the low-frequency vibration signal down to 0.4Hz-0.5Hz in vibration measurement.Magneto-electric low frequency is mainly used at present
Vibrating speed sensors are as the measurement sensing element to slow-speed of revolution rotating machinery structural vibration.The master of the type sensor
It is characterized as thering is preferable response to low frequency (can be down to 0.4Hz) vibration signal.
Adjustment, compensation, the filter of signal are mainly completed inside traditional magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer using analog circuit
The processing such as ripple.The type sensor there are difficulty of parameter tuning, impact resistance is poor the defects of, when vibration source, there are impact vibration signals
When, sensor can export the vibration abnormal signal of long delay.Structure such as Fig. 1 institutes of traditional magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer
Show, there are two the core component of the sensor is main：The geophone 1 of sensitive vibration velocity signal and the low-frequency compensation of rear end
And integrating amplification circuit 2.Wherein geophone is fixed on sensor housing 3 and sensor base 4, and sensor is consolidated
It is scheduled in measurand, as measurand is vibrated together, wave detector is also vibrated with measurand.Rear end low-frequency compensation and integration
Amplifying circuit completes the low-frequency compensation of signal and integration amplifies, final output analog electric signal.Its operation principle such as Fig. 2 institutes
Show.
Geophone is magneto-electric inertial oscillation sensor-based system of the intrinsic frequency in 5Hz-30Hz, and output is
The analog electrical signal of vibration velocity size is represented, is widely used in fields such as seismic monitorings, structure is as shown in Figure 3.The ground
Shake wave detector is made of tetra- magnetic circuit system, inertia mass m, coil and spring-damp system C parts.Magnetic circuit system is generating
Constant D.C. magnetic field.Coil interlinks with the magnetic flux in magnetic field generates induced electromotive force, and induced electromotive force and flux change rate
(or coil and magnetic field speed of related movement) is directly proportional.The rigidity of quality spring-damp system directly affects the frequency response of sensor,
Determine the measurement range of sensor.At work, when measurand is vibrated, in wave detector operating frequency range, coil
With magnet relative motion, cutting magnetic line generates induced voltage, wave detector output voltage in coil, and the voltage signal is just
Than in the vibration speed value of testee.
The geophone is a high way system of second order, and transmission function is as follows：
ωg=2 π fg (2)
Wherein ξgIt is the system damping ratio of wave detector, generally 0.707.And fgFor the corner frequency of wave detector, due to too low
fgIt is required that the spring damping of bigger and the mass block of bigger, it is easier to cause the fatigue and Problem of Failure of spring damping, therefore
It puts into practice the intrinsic frequency in engineering and is typically chosen in more than 5Hz, no more than 30Hz.The geophone amplitude versus frequency characte and phase frequency
Characteristic (f as shown in Figure 4g=10Hz).Abscissa is frequency, and ordinate is amplitude and phase.System output response is with sine
The frequency of input and different variations is presented, wherein output amplitude with frequency changing rule be amplitude versus frequency characte, output phase angle with it is defeated
Go out the phase difference of phase angle and the changing rule of frequency forms phase-frequency characteristic.The meaning of geophone amplitude versus frequency characte and phase-frequency characteristic
Essentially consist in the frequency characteristic quality for embodying geophone.
Directly compare f using geophone measurement frequencygLow vibration signal can generate very big attenuation, especially far
Less than fgSignal, therefore, if it is desirable to measure 1Hz, even lower than 1Hz must use compensation circuit to being less than fgSignal into
Row compensation, here it is low-frequency compensation (correction) circuits.
The transmission function of the compensation circuit is as follows：
ωm=2 π fm (4)
ωg′=2 π fg′ (5)
Wherein ξmIt is damping ratio desired by entire sensing system, and ξg′It is the damping ratio of preferable wave detector, fg′For ideal
The corner frequency of wave detector, fmExactly entire sensing system wishes final low frequency end corner frequency.By adjusting compensation electricity
The parameter on road so that ξg′≈ξg, fg′≈fg, after the low-frequency compensation circuit, the transmission function of entire sensing system is as follows：
（6）
Above system is together in series by wave detector and compensation circuit, is a high way system of second order, amplitude versus frequency characte
(f is selected with phase-frequency characteristic as shown in Figure 5m=0.5Hz).
By selecting appropriate ω in compensation circuit kindm=2 π fmAnd ξmParameter, it is possible to obtain desired low frequency turnover frequency
Rate, as Fig. 5 selects fm=0.5Hz, ξm=0.707 so that the low frequency of entire sensing system (including wave detector and compensation circuit)
End corner frequency down to 0.5Hz, can substantially improve the low frequency characteristic of former wave detector.Due to the sensitive output letter of geophone
Number be vibration velocity signal, it is therefore necessary to by integrating circuit, final output vibration displacement signal.Bandpass filter was then used for
Frequency signal of the filter less than design requirement and the frequency signal higher than design requirement.
In traditional magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer, above-mentioned low-frequency compensation circuit, integral element, bandpass filter are complete
It is realized using analog circuit in portion.
Traditional analog formula magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer has following defect：
1) for impact vibration interference signal, traditional magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system there are overshoot it is big, shake
Time length is swung, stablizes and recovers the problem of slow.Impact vibration signal touches mill, loosening and power section from rotating machinery
Disturbance.Main impact vibration signal can be attributed to impulse impact signal and step change type impact signal.And magneto-electric
Geophone inspection drastically becomes larger suddenly to above-mentioned impact signal vibration amplitude, then with the intrinsic corner frequency f of wave detectorgFor frequency
Rate shakes exponential damping, and damped cycle is by fgAnd ξgIt is common to determine.This signal is through subsequent integral element and low-frequency compensation link
After processing, entire sensing system shows as long period, significantly vibrates, which can be by 10 second or more, and overshoot amplitude can
To reach the 20 of normal signal times or more.Influence of the accidental impact signal to measurement can be ignored, once but impact signal go out
Now very frequent, interval time very in short-term, will show lasting big week to sensing system is forced to be continuously in transient process
Phase is significantly vibrated, and ultimately results in sensing system measurement failure.
2) difficulty of parameter tuning, due to the ξ in compensation circuit linkg′And fg′Adjustment be by changing in analog circuit
Related resistors resistance value and capacitance capacitance realize, be limited to the limitations such as optional scope and the precision of resistance capacitance, only
It can accomplish ξg′Close to ξg, fg′Close to fg, therefore (6) formula is also simply approximate sets up, therefore the characteristic of complete sensing measurement system refers to
Mark is by ξg′With ξgAnd fg′With fgDegree of closeness directly affect.
3) since integral element, low-frequency compensation circuit are all realized by analog circuit, it is limited to the realization of analog circuit
Complexity, its characteristic of filter circuit are difficult to be designed ideal.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention has designed and developed a kind of digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system
System, it is therefore intended that the vibratory impulse for effectively inhibiting burst causes the mutation and vibration of geophone output signal, improves whole
The stability and accuracy of sensing system.On the other hand, low-frequency compensation link parameter is realized using software digital mode
Adjustment improves low-frequency compensation link and the matching degree of geophone, improves the measurement accuracy and sound of integral sensors system
Answer quality.Meanwhile using the characteristic of high-order digit bandpass filter Optimal Filter.
Technical solution provided by the invention is：
A kind of digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system, including：
The vibration velocity signal detected is changed into analog electrical signal by geophone；
The analog electrical signal is transmitted to impact signal detection unit and impact signal suppression after high-pass filtering and digitlization
Unit processed, the impact signal detection unit and impact signal inhibit unit and are judged according to the size of the differential value of digitized signal
Whether impact signal is generated in sensing system, if detecting generation impact signal, which is multiplied by the moment
Impact signal inhibit the gain signal that obtains that treated, realize that the impact to the digitized signal inhibits gain control；
Treated the signal is defeated in the form of analog signal again after digital integration and digital low-frequency compensation and filtering
Go out；
Wherein, the computational methods of the impact signal inhibition gain are as follows：
Wherein, g (t) inhibits gain function for impact signal, and t is current time, t0To detect the time of impact signal,
ωdFor damped frequency, T is damped cycle.By the calculating of the inhibition gain, once impacted, geophone output
Amplitude rectilinear oscillation signal significantly inhibited, then into integration and low-frequency compensation link, will not cause integration and it is low
The big overshoot of frequency compensation tache, long periodic oscillation.
Preferably, in the digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system, when the digitized signal
When differential value is more than 2.4g, then judge to generate impact signal, wherein g=9.8m/s2。
Preferably, in the digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system, the geophone and institute
It states impact signal detection unit and impact signal inhibits to be provided with A/D converter between unit, the A/D converter will connect
The analog electrical signal received is converted to digitized signal, i.e. AD values, this is the basis for realizing digital sensor system.The present invention
It is detected whether by the variable quantity for tracking input signal corresponding A D values there are impact signal, if the variable quantity of AD values is more than default
The upper limit of value, then it is assumed that generate impulse impact or step change type impulsive disturbance signal.
Preferably, in the digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system, the geophone and institute
It states and blocking amplifier is provided between A/D converter, the corner frequency of the blocking amplifier is 0.4-1.0Hz.This is one
A high-pass filtering link, to remove the DC signal component in geophone output and the vibration signal less than 0.4Hz,
Linear Amplifer is carried out to signal simultaneously.
Preferably, it is low through digital integration and number in the digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system
Signal after frequency compensates exports after D/A converter is converted to analog signal again.
Preferably, in the digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system, digital integration and digital low frequency
Digital band-pass filter is also associated between compensation tache and the D/A converter, to realize Digital High Pass Filter sum number
Word low-pass filtering.
Preferably, in the digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system, the digital band-pass filter
Including 4 exponent number word elliptic filters and 16 rank linear-phase filters, the corner frequency of the 4 exponent number word elliptic filter
For 0.4Hz-1.0Hz, the corner frequency of the 16 rank linear-phase filter is 180Hz-350Hz, so as to optimize wave filter
Characteristic.
Preferably, in the digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system, the D/A converter also connects
Output signal amplifier is connected to, the analog signal obtained through the D/A converter is amplified again through the output signal amplifier
After export, ensure that output signal intensity it is sufficiently large, the use of other acquisition/monitoring devices can be met.
Preferably, in the digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system, the digital integration and number
Low-frequency compensation carries out sliding-model control using bilinear transformation to following formula：
Wherein, y ' (s) is the transmission function of compensation circuit, ξmIt is the preferable damping ratio of entire sensing system, ξg′It is reason
Think the damping ratio of wave detector, ωmIt is the preferable damped frequency of entire sensing system, ω 'gIt is the damped frequency of preferable wave detector,
So as to realize low-frequency compensation link using digital form.
Preferably, in the digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system, ωm=2 π fm, ωg′=2 π
fg′, fmIt is the preferable low frequency end corner frequency of entire sensing system, fg′For the corner frequency of preferable wave detector.
In digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system of the present invention, using digitlization differential detection method
Impact vibration signal is detected, geophone output signal caused by link inhibits the vibratory impulse of burst is then inhibited using impact
Mutation and vibration effectively increase the stability and accuracy of integral sensors system.Simultaneously using A/D converter sum number/
The vibration and shock signal detected is converted into digitized signal by mode converter, then carry out a series of digital integration, number it is low
Frequency compensation and digital bandpass filtering link, realize the adjustment of digital low-frequency compensation link parameter, improve digital low-frequency compensation
The matching degree of link and geophone improves the measurement accuracy of integral sensors system and response quality.Using 4 exponent numbers
Word elliptic filter and 16 rank linear-phase filters realize the digital high-pass that corner frequency is 0.4Hz-1.0Hz respectively
Filtering and the digital low-pass filtering of 180Hz-350Hz optimize the characteristic of wave filter.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of traditional magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer；
Fig. 2 is the operation principle schematic diagram of traditional magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer；
Fig. 3 is the structure diagram of geophone；
Fig. 4 is geophone fg=10Hz amplitude versus frequency charactes and phase-frequency characteristic schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is geophone fm=0.5Hz amplitude versus frequency charactes and phase-frequency characteristic schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is the operation principle schematic diagram of digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, to make those skilled in the art with reference to specification text
Word can be implemented according to this.
As shown in fig. 6, the present invention provides a kind of digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system, including：
The vibration velocity signal detected is changed into analog electrical signal by geophone；The analog electrical signal is through high pass
Impact signal detection unit and impact signal are transmitted to after filtering and digitlization and inhibits unit, the impact signal detection unit and
Impact signal inhibits unit and judges whether generate impact signal in sensing system according to the size of the differential value of digitized signal,
If detecting generation impact signal, the impact signal which is multiplied by the moment inhibits gain and obtains that treated
Signal；Treated the signal is exported in the form of analog signal again after digital integration and digital low-frequency compensation and filtering to shake
Dynamic displacement signal.
Wherein, the computational methods of the impact signal inhibition gain are as follows：
Wherein, g (t) inhibits gain function for impact signal, and t is current time, t0To detect the time of impact signal,
ωdFor damped frequency, T is damped cycle.When the differential value of the digitized signal detected is more than 2.4g, then judge to produce
Raw impulse impact signal or step change type impulsive disturbance signal, wherein g=9.8m/s2.When the digitized signal then being multiplied by this
The impact signal at quarter inhibits the gain signal that obtains that treated.
The analog electrical signal access signal pre-compensating module of geophone output, the signal pre-compensating module include
Sequentially connected blocking amplifier, analog converter, impact signal detection unit and impact signal inhibit unit, digital integration
Unit, digital low frequency compensation unit, digital band-pass filter, D/A converter and output signal amplifier.Before the signal
Compensating module is put, it is defeated to be converted to appropriate voltage/current signals by correct amplification for the vibration signal in the range of design frequency
Go out, frequency is the signal of 0.4-1.0Hz.Wherein, which is the SCM system of miniaturization,
I.e. sequentially connected analog converter, impact signal detection unit and impact signal inhibit unit, digital integration unit, number
Low frequency compensation unit, digital band-pass filter and D/A converter, so as to which the signal for detecting geophone is converted into number
Word signal is handled.
In the digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system, the geophone and the impact signal
Detection unit and impact signal inhibit to be provided with A/D converter, the simulation that the A/D converter will receive between unit
Electric signal is converted to digitized signal.Blocking amplifier, institute are provided between the geophone and the A/D converter
The corner frequency for stating blocking amplifier is 0.4-1.0Hz.
In the digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system, after digital integration and digital low-frequency compensation
Signal exports after D/A converter is converted to analog signal again.Digital integration and digital low-frequency compensation link and the D/A
Digital band-pass filter is also associated between converter.The D/A converter is also associated with output signal amplifier, through described
The analog signal that D/A converter obtains exports after output signal amplifier amplification again.
The digital band-pass filter includes 4 exponent number word elliptic filters and 16 rank linear-phase filters, 4 rank
The corner frequency of digital elliptic filter is 0.4Hz-1.0Hz, and the corner frequency of the 16 rank linear-phase filter is
180Hz-350Hz.Corner frequency or cutoff frequency refer to the edge frequency of (number) wave filter, generally original defeated to decay to
When entering 0.708 times of signal amplitude corresponding Frequency point be edge frequency, therefore just have 0.4Hz-1.0Hz (- 3dB) or
The saying of 180Hz-350Hz (- 3dB).It can be real by adjusting signal processing software mould parameter in the block using digitizing technique
Low-resistance (high pass) filtering of the existing corner frequency between 0.4Hz to 1.0Hz.In other words, by adjusting the ginseng in software module
Number, it is possible to realize from any one frequency between 0.4Hz-1.0Hz.In low-frequency shock transducer system, acquisition system
The relatively low frequency acquisition of generally use and longer acquisition time improve accuracy in signal acquiring system to low frequency signal, essence
Degree, but relatively low frequency acquisition is easy to cause high-frequency signal aliasing entering signal acquisition system, therefore enter acquisition in signal
, it is necessary to which aliasing will likely be caused to enter the high-frequency signal filtering of low frequency signal before system, usually high band is selected in 180Hz-
Between 350Hz, the frequency higher than this scope will be filtered.
In the digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system, digital integration and digital low-frequency compensation link are adopted
Sliding-model control is carried out to following formula with bilinear transformation：
Wherein, y ' (s) is the transmission function of compensation circuit, ξmIt is the preferable damping ratio of entire sensing system, ξg′It is reason
Think the damping ratio of wave detector, ωmIt is the preferable damped frequency of entire sensing system, ω 'gIt is the damped frequency of preferable wave detector,
ωm=2 π fm, ωg′=2 π fg′, fmIt is the preferable low frequency end corner frequency of entire sensing system, fg′For turning for preferable wave detector
Roll over frequency.
The basic sensing element that the present invention is vibrated by the use of magnetoelectric seis as measurement structure, then exports it
Signal improves its low frequency characteristic by digital low-frequency compensation link, it is possible to realize the low-frequency vibration signal survey down to 0.4Hz
Amount.Traditional analog magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer realizes whole low-frequency compensation, integration, filtering etc. using analog circuit
Processing, but there are the defects of impact resistance is poor, filtering characteristic is poor, difficulty of parameter tuning.
In the present invention, using small-sized microcontroller as hardware foundation, by software technology, digitlization low-frequency compensation ring is realized
Section, digitized wave filter, digitized integrator etc. can improve filter characteristic and facilitate the simplification of parameter adjustment, and
Vibration and shock signal detection and restrainable algorithms are added in software to reduce influence of the impulsive disturbance to sensing system stability,
Concrete principle is as follows：
For impact vibration signal, touch mill, loosening and the disturbance of power section from rotating machinery cause.It is main
The impact vibration signal wanted can be attributed to impulse impact signal and step change type impact signal.And magnetoelectric seis
It examines the response to above-mentioned impact signal for vibration amplitude suddenly drastically to become larger, then with the intrinsic corner frequency f of wave detectorgFor frequency
Exponential damping is shaken, damped cycle is by fgAnd ξgIt is common to determine, and normal vibration signal is then superimposed in the signal.Therefore, when
After selecting a geophone, fgAnd ξgAlso determine that, wave detector also determines the response model of impact therewith.
In the present invention, detect whether that there are impact signals by the size for the differential value for tracking vibration signal.And one
Denier detects generation impact signal, then according to by fgAnd ξgDamped cycle and damped expoential determine that signal inhibits model, Suo Youzhen
Dynamic signal all needs the inhibition gain for being multiplied by the corresponding moment that could carry out the follow-up links such as digital integration and digital compensation.By
The control of the inhibition model, once impacted, the amplitude periodic vibration signal of wave detector output is significantly inhibited, then
Into integration or compensation tache, integral element, the big overshoot of compensation tache, long period concussion will not be caused.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, but its be not restricted in specification and embodiment it is listed
With it can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention, for those skilled in the art, can be easily
Realize other modification, therefore without departing from the general concept defined in the claims and the equivalent scope, it is of the invention and unlimited
In specific details and shown here as the legend with description.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system, which is characterized in that including：
The vibration velocity signal detected is changed into analog electrical signal by geophone；
The analog electrical signal is transmitted to impact signal detection unit after high-pass filtering and digitlization and impact signal inhibits single
Member, the impact signal detection unit and impact signal inhibit unit and judge to sense according to the size of the differential value of digitized signal
Whether impact signal is generated in device system, if detecting generation impact signal, which is multiplied by rushing for the moment
It hits signal and inhibits the gain signal that obtains that treated, when the differential value of the digitized signal is more than 2.4g, then judge to generate
Impact signal, wherein g=9.8m/s2；
Treated the signal is exported in the form of analog signal again after digital integration and digital low-frequency compensation and filtering；
Wherein, the computational methods of the impact signal inhibition gain are as follows：
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Damped frequency, T are damped cycle,
Digital integration and digital low-frequency compensation link carry out sliding-model control using bilinear transformation to following formula：
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Wherein, y ' (s) is the transmission function of compensation circuit, ξmIt is the preferable damping ratio of entire sensing system, ξg'It is preferable inspection
The damping ratio of ripple device, ωmIt is the preferable damped frequency of entire sensing system, ω 'gIt is the damped frequency of preferable wave detector.
2. digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the earthquake inspection
Ripple device and the impact signal detection unit and impact signal inhibit to be provided with A/D converter between unit, and the analog turns
The analog electrical signal received is converted to digitized signal by parallel operation.
3. digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the earthquake inspection
Blocking amplifier is provided between ripple device and the A/D converter, the corner frequency of the blocking amplifier is 0.4-
1.0Hz。
4. digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that through digital integration
It is exported again after D/A converter is converted to analog signal with the signal after digital low-frequency compensation.
5. digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that digital integration and
Digital band-pass filter is also associated between digital low-frequency compensation link and the D/A converter.
6. digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the number tape
Bandpass filter includes 4 exponent number word elliptic filters and 16 rank linear-phase filters, the 4 exponent number word elliptic filter
Corner frequency is 0.4Hz-1.0Hz, and the corner frequency of the 16 rank linear-phase filter is 180Hz-350Hz.
7. digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the D/A
Converter is also associated with output signal amplifier, and the analog signal obtained through the D/A converter is again through the output signal
It is exported after amplifier amplification.
8. digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that ωm=2 π fm,
ωg'=2 π fg', fmIt is the preferable low frequency end corner frequency of entire sensing system, fg'For the corner frequency of preferable wave detector.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510102364.5A CN104677483B (en) | 2015-03-09 | 2015-03-09 | A kind of digitized magneto-electric low-frequency shock transducer system |
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