CN104671221B - Method and device for preparing sulphuric acid by taking discharged sulfur dioxide as raw material - Google Patents

Method and device for preparing sulphuric acid by taking discharged sulfur dioxide as raw material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104671221B
CN104671221B CN201510056297.8A CN201510056297A CN104671221B CN 104671221 B CN104671221 B CN 104671221B CN 201510056297 A CN201510056297 A CN 201510056297A CN 104671221 B CN104671221 B CN 104671221B
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sulfuric acid
flash
vacuum
dilute sulfuric
hydrogen peroxide
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CN104671221A (en
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花序
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JIANGSU CHENGTIAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
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Jiangsu Chengtian Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B17/00Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • C01B17/69Sulfur trioxide; Sulfuric acid
    • C01B17/74Preparation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B17/00Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • C01B17/69Sulfur trioxide; Sulfuric acid
    • C01B17/88Concentration of sulfuric acid

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and device for preparing sulphuric acid by taking discharged sulfur dioxide as a raw material. According to the method, discharged sulfur-containing smoke goes into a hydrogen peroxide desulfurizer, generated dilute sulphuric acid goes into a multiple-effect concentration device to prepare concentrated sulfuric acid, and the concentrated sulfuric acid with set concentration can be directly obtained. By utilizing the device, a byproduct of concentrated sulfuric acid can be realized by utilizing hydrogen peroxide method desulfuration, the problem that dilute sulphuric acid in smoke desulfuration industries can not be reused and externally sold is solved, the use range of hydrogen peroxide method desulfuration is broadened, and sulphur resource is completely utilized.

Description

A kind of method and device with discharge sulfur dioxide for waste sulfuric acid
Technical field
The present invention relates to the industry such as sulfuric acid manufacture, iron and steel, metallurgy, nonferrous smelting, chemical industry and environmental technology field, specifically Say it is a kind of peroxide passivation tail gas desulfurization the method and device producing high-concentration sulfuric acid.
Background technology
Sulfuric acid is a kind of important raw material of industry, and China is our times sulphuric acid output highest country, according to 2013 years According to annual production reaches 85,000,000 tons.The industrial making method of sulfuric acid is mainly contact method, sulfur feedstock will generate dioxy through oxidizing fire Change sulphur, sulfur dioxide contacts generation sulfur trioxide in the presence of a catalyst with oxygen, sulfur trioxide is inhaled with 98.3% concentrated sulfuric acid Receive, then obtain business acid with water or dilute sulfuric acid dilution.
Sulfur feedstock mainly has sulphur, troilite, flue gas during smelting etc., in the majority with sulphur abroad, and China is then based on troilite. But, the Sulphur ressource of China is not enough, and the Sulphur ressource needed for gas washing in SA production closely half needs from external import.On the other hand, China is every Year has nearly 20,000,000 tons sulfur dioxide to be discharged in air in the form of industrial waste gas again, forms atmosphere pollution, resource wave Environment is worked the mischief while expense again.The existing principle using flue gas during smelting or useless sulfur dioxide relieving haperacidity remains contact Method, during catalytic oxidation, still can produce substantial amounts of sulphur-containing exhaust gas, produce cyclic polluting, actually existing acid plant Sulphur-containing exhaust gas also have significant portion to derive from the waste gas of contact procedure.
Sulfur dioxide is the main pollution factor in atmosphere pollution, the discharge of sulfur dioxide can cause acid rain to water body, Crops, environment, building etc. cause to be acidified and corrode, and cause huge economic loss.China's iron and steel, metallurgy, nonferrous smelting, The high speed development of the industries such as chemical industry, brings serious sulfur dioxide pollution, carrying capacity of environment is difficult to bear, in recent years every profession and trade Discharge standard tightens step by step, brings restriction to the development of every profession and trade.
Sulfur-containing tail gas are processed at present mainly ammonia process, amine process, sodium alkali, activated coke method, zinc oxide method, peroxide passivation Deng.Wherein peroxide passivation is development one of wet desulphurization method in recent years, have that desulfuration efficiency is high, flow process is short, investment relatively Low advantage.Be directed to peroxide passivation to remove sulfur dioxide in flue gas and reclaim the patent of sulfuric acid and have, CN100463847C with The method that flue gas prepares sulfuric acid, CN100354028C is by the side with hydroperoxidation scrubbing CO_2 from waste gas Method, a kind of CN202070285U removing sulfuric acid industry sulfur dioxide in tail gas, recovery sulfuric acid apparatus etc..Above patent is all to peroxide Change hydrogen(Hydrogen peroxide)React with sulfur dioxide, produce the method mechanism of sulfuric acid and device is described, but practical application mistake In journey because by-product be 20-40% dilute sulfuric acid, in some industries not having industrial sulphuric acid process units, this part dilute sulfuric acid is no Method returns to system for preparing sulfuric acid, or dilute sulfuric acid concentration low directly outer sell difficulty, cause its comprehensive utilization to be restricted, impact the method The scope of application.
Content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of that above-mentioned existing peroxide passivation desulfurization exists in some sector applications and dives In problem, provide a kind of stable, fume desulphurization method of by-product high-concentration sulfuric acid and device, widen peroxide passivation flue gas and take off The scope of application of sulphur, solves the problems, such as that in current desulfurization technology, accessory substance using value is not high, makes full use of Sulphur ressource.
Specifically, the present invention employs the following technical solutions to solve problem described above:
A kind of device with discharge sulfur dioxide for waste sulfuric acid, concentrates dress including hydrogen peroxide devulcanizer and dilute sulfuric acid Put, wherein thin sulfuric acid thickener includes preheater, flash chamber and flash heater it is characterised in that flash chamber and flash distillation add Hot device have at least a set of, terminal one effect flash heater by terminal saturated vapor heat supply, and two effect flash heaters by one imitate The flash steam of flash chamber as heat supply, by that analogy, the flash steam of last end effect flash chamber as the thermal source of preheater, The dilute sulfuric acid export pipeline of hydrogen peroxide devulcanizer is connected with dilute sulfuric acid preheater, and an effect flash chamber has concentrated sulfuric acid outlet, should Outlet is connected with concentrated acid cooler to export the concentrated sulfuric acid.
Preferably, described device also includes vacuum condenser, vacuum heat exchanger, cooler, liquid seal trough and returns pump, wherein The drain side of each effect flash heater is accessed vacuum condenser and is condensed into liquid, and forms system vacuum, and vacuum condenser is not Solidifying gas, attracts discharge through vavuum pump after the cooling of vacuum heat exchanger, and setting liquid seal trough keeps vacuum heat exchanger vacuum tightness, realizes Whole system vacuum state, the liquid condensing generation in vacuum condenser enters liquid seal trough, by returning after subcooler cooling Return pump and collect recovery, as the balance supplement water of peroxide passivation desulfurizer, thus three-waste free discharge.
Preferably, dilute sulfuric acid export pipeline was additionally provided with reductor before entering dilute sulfuric acid preheater, set in reductor It is equipped with reducing agent, dilute sulfuric acid was first contacted with reducing agent to reduce to this dilute sulfuric acid product before entering dilute sulfuric acid preheater Process.
The invention also discloses a kind of to discharge sulfur dioxide for the method for waste sulfuric acid it is characterised in that described Method comprises the following steps:1)Make sulfur-containing smoke gas enter hydrogen peroxide desulfurizing tower and carry out desulfurization, generate dilute sulfuric acid;2)Make the dilute of generation Sulfuric acid enters sulphuric acid concentration device, generates the concentrated sulfuric acid, and described sulphuric acid concentration device includes dilute sulfuric acid preheater and at least one effect is dodged Steaming acts on to produce the sulfuric acid of variable concentrations.
The concentration of the produced concentrated sulfuric acid can adjust in the range of 50-95% it is preferable that the concentration of the produced concentrated sulfuric acid For 60-95%, more preferably 93-95%.
Preferably, in step 2)The dilute sulfuric acid entrance sulphuric acid concentration device of generation is made also to include making generation before being concentrated The step that contacts with reducing agent of dilute sulfuric acid.
Beneficial effect:Using methods and apparatus of the present invention, can greatly reduce the discharge of sulphur, fully utilize existing Sulphur ressource, realizes economic benefit and social benefit.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the peroxide passivation tail gas desulfurization of the present invention and produces the method and device structural representation of high-concentration sulfuric acid.
In in figure:1 dioxygen tank, 2 dioxygen water pumps, 3 stabilizers, 4 hydrogen peroxide devulcanizers, 5 cyclic absorption pumps, 6 reductors, 7 preheaters, 8 triple effect flash chambers, 9 triple effect heaters, 10 2 effect flash chambers, 11 2 effect heaters, 12 1 effect flash chambers, 13 1 effects Heater, 14 triple effect cycle pumps, 15 2 effect circulating pumps, 16 1 effect circulating pumps, 17 concentrated acid coolers, 18 vacuum condensers, 19 is true Empty heat exchanger, 20 coolers, 21 liquid seal troughs, 22 return pumps, 23 vavuum pumps, 24 condenser pumps.
Specific embodiment
The invention discloses a kind of to discharge sulfur dioxide for the method and apparatus of waste sulfuric acid, the method includes making The sulfur-containing smoke gas of discharge enter peroxide passivation desulfurizer, and produced dilute sulfuric acid enters Multi-effect concentration device to produce dense sulphur Acid, can set the concentrated sulfuric acid of concentration with direct access.Assembly of the invention can realize the dense sulphur of by-product using peroxide passivation desulfurization Acid, solves the problems, such as that some flue gas desulfurization industry dilute sulfuric acids are unable to reuse and sell outward, widens the range of peroxide passivation desulfurization, Make full use of Sulphur ressource.
The technical scheme peroxide passivation of Part I of the present invention obtains dilute sulfuric acid byproduct, and Part II is on dilute sulfuric acid basis On, take multiple-effect condensation technology, produce the concentrated sulfuric acid.
A kind of peroxide passivation tail gas desulfurization simultaneously produces the method and device of high-concentration sulfuric acid, and methods described and device mainly wrap Containing two steps and two parts.First step and Part I are peroxide passivation desulfurized step and device, second step and the Two parts are concentrated sulfuric acid preparation process and device.
First step and Part I, separate including dioxygen tank 1, dioxygen water pump 2, hydrogen peroxide devulcanizer 4 and discharging and follow Loop device, hydrogen peroxide devulcanizer has smoke feed mouth, and smoke feed mouth connects feeding line, the top of hydrogen peroxide devulcanizer There is evacuation port, bottom is circulating slot, circulating slot connects through circulating pump 5 to the pipeline of discharging separating circulating device.
In a preferred embodiment, it is additionally provided with a stabilizer 3 in circulating slot, stabilizer is can use in effect When in the initial driving of tail gas desulfurization device or driving and parking, the hydrogen peroxide newly adding is made to contact and agent of playing stably with stabilizer Stabilization, reaches the stably new Undec purpose of hydrogen peroxide adding.In one case, stabilizer is a pipeline, pipe Road opening is connected with stabilizer source in circulating slot, the pipeline other end.When needing, this pipeline tapping is passed through by stabilizer in stabilizer source It is added in circulating slot, the stabilizer being added is contacted with hydrogen peroxide and reaches stable purpose.In another case, stable The stabilizer for preventing decomposing hydrogen dioxide solution is accommodated, when needing, stabilizer is opened so that stabilizer is discharged in circulating slot in device. Both of which is stabilizer release, reaches stabilizer and contacts with hydrogen peroxide.The stabilizer working in this way can To be liquid or solid-state, such as stabiliser solution or graininess stabilizer.
Stabilizer can be using the various reagents being prevented from decomposing hydrogen dioxide solution.In general, hydrogen peroxide in faintly acid and More stable under neutrallty condition, and activate in the basic conditions, can fast decoupled in the presence of heavy metal ion.It is related to dioxygen Adopt in the field of water application can stop hydrogen peroxide from uncontrolledly decomposing added reagent to be referred to as hydrogen peroxide stabilizer.Double The type of oxygen water stabilizer has multiple, such as absorbent-type, chelating type or mixed type etc., and heavy metal ion can be passed through to inhale by they Echo the modes such as chelating to isolate, it is to avoid dioxygen aquatic products are affected.Conventional hydrogen peroxide stabilizer also has siliceous or not siliceous etc. Type.Siliceous stabilizer comprises the such as silicate such as sodium metasilicate, magnesium silicate stabilizer, and they have excellent adsorption capacity, right Metal ion has good physical and chemical adsorption characteristic, thus reducing the catalytic action of metal ion.Not siliceous stabilizer bag Containing types such as such as soaps.Also have macromolecule stabilizer, they pass through to form macromolecule network structure formation large scale structure, There is very strong suction-operated, and absorption isolation effect well can be obtained by surface modification.Some conventional little point Sub- chelating agent is also conventional hydrogen peroxide stabilizer, and they are coordinated with macromolecule, it is possible to obtain stabilized hydrogen peroxide effect well Really.Chelating type stabilizer is generally multivalence organic acid or its salt, such as carboxylate, phosphonate etc..
In another embodiment, stabilizer is to be high in itself using the stabilizer being fixed on carrier or stabilizer Molecule solid state stability agent, such as waterglass and polyacrylamide amine stabiliser.In this case, stabilizer is contained in stabilizer In, stabilizer is in open kenel when needed or is in open kenel so that dioxygen water energy is contacted with stabilizer when needing always, Reach the Undec purpose of Stabilizing Hydrogen Peroxide.
Hydrogen peroxide stabilizer can be buied from suppliers, for example, be purchased from the ST- of Jiangsu Cheng Tian Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd 1/2 stabilizer, it is also possible to oneself is prepared, carrys out Stabilizing Hydrogen Peroxide for example with EDTA as chelating agent.
Peroxide passivation flue gas desulfurization device includes the circulating slot of superposed desulfuration absorber and bottom, in dioxygen tank 1 Hydrogen peroxide devulcanizer is pumped into through pipeline by dioxygen water pump 2, after smoke contacts, tail gas is discharged by devulcanizer top, And reacted liquid drops in the circulating slot of bottom.Stabilizer 3 is arranged on circulation trench bottom, is buried in absorbing liquid, After allocating hydrogen peroxide solution in initial driving circulating slot, play the purpose that Stabilizing Hydrogen Peroxide does not decompose.During driving, by stabilizer Stabilizer with first enter into devulcanizer hydrogen peroxide prepare solution insert in circulating slot simultaneously or before hydrogen peroxide, play Stabilizing Hydrogen Peroxide prepares the effect of solution.And stabilizer is circulated with circulating in devulcanizer of liquid always, without In addition to add, or can also add again after running a period of time, to ensure certain stabilizer concentration in circulating.
Desulfuration absorber can be form commonly used in the art, for example the equipment shape such as void tower, packed tower, hypergravity machine Formula, can adopt one or more levels desulfurization to absorb according to actual conditions.
Preferably no matter adopted which kind of form desulphurization plant, the removal device to thing foam in flue gas all can be set, remove dress Put preferential from nonmetallic silk screen, filler or a combination thereof form.
Circulating liquid enters separator by cyclic absorption pump 5.Separator is conventional in peroxide passivation desulfurization process Separator, for separate desulfurization produced by sulfuric acid.
The discharging pipeline of discharging separating circulating device is divided into two-way, and a road is to send the hydrogen peroxide solution isolated back to desulfurization The pipeloop of device, separate after water liquid containing dioxygen proceed devulcanizer, by top spray under, abundant with sulfur-containing smoke gas Contact.Another road is the pipeline transporting the dilute sulfuric acid isolated, and by pipeline, obtains the dilute sulfuric acid of 20-40%.
The dilute sulfuric acid separated, before discharging, preferably enters reductor and is processed.Reductor device is arranged on dilute On sulfuric acid pipeline, accommodate the reducing agent for decomposing remaining hydrogen peroxide in by-product dilute sulfuric acid in reductor device, for dilute Sulfuric acid is played a role when being transported by pipeline, to reach the purpose decomposing the hydrogen peroxide of residual in dilute sulfuric acid.Afterflow after entrance If containing hydrogen peroxide in the sulfuric acid of journey, first so that containing dioxygen water impurity in the finished product being obtained, reduce product quality, On the other hand oxidation can be formed to pipeline along the line and flash distillation plant, thus etching apparatus, cause device damage it is therefore necessary to It is minimum that dilute sulfuric acid makes the hydrogen peroxide concentration in charging be down to before entering subsequent concentration program, or even is completely absent.For holding The container that the reductor of reducing agent of receiving makes for non-metallic material, inside is filled with can decompose remaining hydrogen peroxide in dilute sulfuric acid Reducing agent material, is equipped with liquid inlet, liquid outlet and gas discharge outlet;Dilute sulfuric acid containing remaining hydrogen peroxide is from liquid inlet Enter, be sprayed above the reducing agent of internal filling, remaining hydrogen peroxide is broken down into water and oxygen and empties from gas discharge outlet, liquid Body is discharged from liquid outlet.Decomposing hydrogen dioxide solution is and foregoing stabilization opposite effect, as long as therefore can accelerate double The reagent of oxygen water decomposition can be used as reducing agent used herein, preferably passes through fixing catalyst, such as metal oxidation Thing bed, the Solid Bed for example made with the material comprising manganese dioxide-catalyst, described reducing agent can also be buied from businessman, institute The reducing agent buied can be the reducing agent reaching present invention effect with various principles, for example, have purchased from Jiangsu clear sky environmental protection science and technology The ST-1 reducing agent of limit company.
Second step and Part II, concentrated sulfuric acid preparation method and device, including dilute sulfuric acid preheater 7, flash vessel 8,10, 12nd, flash heater 9,11,13, flash distillation circulating pump 14,15,16, concentrated acid cooler 17, vacuum condenser 18, condenser pump 24, true Empty heat exchanger 19, cooler 20, liquid seal trough 21, return pump 22, vavuum pump 23 and corresponding pipeline.The dilute sulfuric acid that first step obtains Enter flash chamber after dilute sulfuric acid preheater preheating, flash off part moisture, in the effect of flash distillation circulating pump and flash heater Under be continuously replenished heat, keep flash condition moisture constantly to discharge, an effect, two effects, triple effect or multiple-effect can be taken as needed to dodge Steam and connect, to obtain the concentrated sulfuric acid product of variable concentrations, concentrated sulfuric acid product is sold outside storage after the cooling of concentrated acid cooler.Flash distillation adds One effect thermal source of hot device adopts saturated vapor, and the flash steam of an effect flash chamber is as two thermals source imitating flash heaters, class successively Push away, the flash steam of last end effect flash chamber, as the thermal source of dilute sulfuric acid preheater, such multiple-effect evaporation, saves thermal energy consumption. Vacuum condenser is accessed in the drain side of each effect flash heater, under the absorption of condenser pump circulating liquid cools down, is condensed into liquid, And form system vacuum;The not solidifying gas of vacuum condenser, attracts discharge through vavuum pump, condensate liquid is then after the cooling of vacuum heat exchanger Enter liquid seal trough, the discharge mouth of pipe even immerses below liquid seal trough liquid level;Vavuum pump can be true from water-ring vacuum pump, jetting type The forms such as empty pump.According to vacuum pressure rank, liquid seal trough is set and keeps vacuum heat exchanger vacuum tightness, dexterously by means of condensation Fluid-tight realized by the condensate liquid of device and heat exchanger, realizes whole system vacuum state.All liq supplies devulcanizer via return pump again It is used as supplement water, realize the Infinite Cyclic of waste and outwards do not discharge.Liquid that the method and unit flashing produce and true Empty heat exchanger condensate liquid is body containing acid solution, is recycled after collecting, and the balance as peroxide passivation desulfurizer is supplemented With water, three-waste free discharge.
By-product sulfuric acid of the present invention can be adjusted as requested in the range of 50-95%, for ease of reuse or market sale, preferably 60-95%, more preferably 93-95%.
In the present invention Multi-effect concentration produce the concentrated sulfuric acid flow process as follows:
The dilute sulfuric acid that peroxide passivation desulfurization produces, adopts the flash distillation gas of triple effect flash vessel pre- as thermal source in preheater Heat arrives uniform temperature, divides subsequently into triple effect flash distillation interior flash distillation water;In the presence of flash distillation circulating pump and flash heater not Disconnected additional heat, keeps flash condition moisture constantly to discharge, and can take primary, secondary, tertiary or multi-level flash distillation as needed even Connect, to obtain the concentrated sulfuric acid product of variable concentrations, concentrated sulfuric acid product is sold outside storage after the cooling of concentrated acid cooler.Flash heater Terminal thermal source adopt fresh saturated vapor, the flash steam of end-flash room as the thermal source of previous stage flash heater, successively Analogize, multiple-effect evaporation, save thermal energy consumption;Vacuum condenser is accessed in the drain side of flash heaters at different levels, in condensation pump circulation Under the absorption cooling of liquid, it is condensed into liquid, and forms system vacuum, flash chamber vacuum flashing states at different levels are kept with this;Very The not solidifying gas of air-cooled condenser, attracts discharge through vavuum pump after the cooling of vacuum heat exchanger, according to vacuum pressure rank, arranges fluid-tight Groove keeps vacuum heat exchanger vacuum tightness, realizes whole system vacuum state.The liquid that this system and device flash distillation produces, as double The balance supplement water of oxygen water law desulfurizer, three-waste free discharge.
Above in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, but the invention is not restricted to above-mentioned enforcement Mode, in the ken that art those of ordinary skill possesses, can also be without departing from present inventive concept Under the premise of make a variety of changes.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of device with discharge sulfur dioxide for waste sulfuric acid, concentrates dress including hydrogen peroxide devulcanizer and dilute sulfuric acid Put, wherein thin sulfuric acid thickener includes preheater, flash chamber and flash heater it is characterised in that flash chamber and flash distillation add Hot device have at least a set of, terminal one effect flash heater by terminal saturated vapor heat supply, and two effect flash heaters by one imitate The flash steam of flash chamber as heat supply, by that analogy, the flash steam of last end effect flash chamber as the thermal source of preheater, The dilute sulfuric acid export pipeline of hydrogen peroxide devulcanizer is connected with dilute sulfuric acid preheater, and an effect flash chamber has concentrated sulfuric acid outlet, should Outlet be connected to export the concentrated sulfuric acid with concentrated acid cooler, described device also include vacuum condenser, vacuum heat exchanger, cooler, Liquid seal trough and return pump, wherein respectively the drain side of effect flash heater is accessed vacuum condenser and is condensed into liquid, and forms system Vacuum, the not solidifying gas of vacuum condenser, attract discharge, setting liquid seal trough holding vacuum through vavuum pump after the cooling of vacuum heat exchanger Heat exchanger vacuum tightness, realizes whole system vacuum state, and the liquid condensing generation in vacuum condenser cools down through subcooler Enter liquid seal trough afterwards, collect recovery by returning pump, as the balance supplement water of peroxide passivation desulfurizer, thus three wastes Discharge, wherein, dilute sulfuric acid export pipeline was additionally provided with reductor before entering dilute sulfuric acid preheater, was provided with also in reductor Former dose, dilute sulfuric acid was first contacted with reducing agent to carry out reduction treatment to this dilute sulfuric acid product before entering dilute sulfuric acid preheater.
CN201510056297.8A 2015-02-04 2015-02-04 Method and device for preparing sulphuric acid by taking discharged sulfur dioxide as raw material Active CN104671221B (en)

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US9724638B2 (en) * 2014-01-02 2017-08-08 General Electric Technology Gmbh Apparatus and method for evaporating waste water and reducing acid gas emissions
US9352274B2 (en) 2014-01-02 2016-05-31 Alstom Technology Ltd Apparatus and method for evaporating waste water and reducing acid gas emissions
CN111068495A (en) * 2019-12-09 2020-04-28 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 Treatment method of sulfur-containing tail gas

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