CN104669060B - A kind of method for diagnosing faults of numerical control machining center automatic tool changer - Google Patents
A kind of method for diagnosing faults of numerical control machining center automatic tool changer Download PDFInfo
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- CN104669060B CN104669060B CN201510031224.3A CN201510031224A CN104669060B CN 104669060 B CN104669060 B CN 104669060B CN 201510031224 A CN201510031224 A CN 201510031224A CN 104669060 B CN104669060 B CN 104669060B
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- automatic tool
- tool changer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/007—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for managing machine functions not concerning the tool
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16Z—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G16Z99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other main groups of this subclass
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Automatic Tool Replacement In Machine Tools (AREA)
- Numerical Control (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of method for diagnosing faults of numerical control machining center automatic tool changer, it is used to install on casing to set the first acceleration transducer at the axis hole of compound cam, it is used to install in bottom half and the second acceleration transducer is set at the axis hole of driven shaft, knife is grabbed to automatic tool changer using two acceleration transducers under the test condition of normal operation, drawn sword, tool changing, slotting tool and resetted the vibration of driven shaft and compound cam in five elemental motions and measure, obtains vibration response signal；Gathered vibration response signal is handled using the sparse separation algorithm of multi -components, extracts the impact component for being capable of faults feature in vibration response signal；By the impact component combination globoid cam and the working cycle diagram of plane grooved cam extracted; analyze and make a definite diagnosis the failure of automatic tool changer; maintenance that can be to numerical control automatic Tool Changer for Machine Center, adjustment repair schedule is arranged to provide guidance instruction; nonscheduled down time is reduced, improves production line economic benefit and social benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to method for diagnosing faults technical field, is specifically related to a kind of numerical control machining center automatic tool changer
Method for diagnosing faults, this method is based on the sparse separation algorithm of multi -components.
Background technology
At present, equipment manufacturing level in China's is substantially improved, and the integration capability of main frame and Grand Equipments is been significantly enhanced, but
At the same time the application conditions of Grand Equipments and main computer boxes hypernormal increasingly is with severe, to supporting " three bases " product-machinery
Base parts and components, basic manufacturing process and basic material propose higher requirement.China " three bases " industry development is seriously stagnant
After main frame and the low and middle-end of industrial chain is cured in, " three bases " product has turned into restricts China's Grand Equipments and high-end equipment hair
The bottleneck of exhibition.In November, 2011, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology prints and distributes《Mechanical basic part, basic manufacturing process and basic material production
Industry " 12 " development plan》, the industry situation that main frame cooperative development is formed by five years is explicitly pointed out, is met great
It is tight to improve " three bases " industry development to the demand of mechanical basic part, basic manufacturing process and basic material for equipment and high-end equipment
The situation lagged again.The planning clearly will be classified as emphasis hair with the manufacture of the transmission driving part of Grand Equipments and high-end matching equipment
Exhibition item mesh.
Numerical control machining center is current production rate highest, most widely used equipment manufacturing machine tool, is high-end machinery manufacturing industry
Basic equipment, its automatic tool changer just becomes the important component of " three bases " industry.High-grade numerical control machining center is wide
It is general to realize that rapid changing knife operates using globoid cam driving automatic tool changer, it is desirable to which that the Mean interval working time reaches
More than 50000 hours, and require that knife is less than 1 second to the tool change time between knife.Numerical control machining center automatic tool changer in tool changing fills
Put with cutter perform action is more, speed is fast, and high to the accuracy requirement of positioning, the especially process in complex parts
In, automatic tool changer will frequently change cutter, not only to realize to take tool magazine and knife and go back knife, also to realize to main shaft tool changing and
Unload knife.Existing translational motion, also rotary motion in exchanging knives process so that automatic tool changer can not be kept away in the process of running
Performance degradation occurs with exempting from, influences tool changing quality and the reliability of process unit, turns into the weak link of machining center.It is but existing
The modern status monitoring to numerical control machining center is but mostly focused on tool monitoring and main shaft monitoring, and for fragile and right
Rare people studies its status monitoring to the automatic tool changer that product processing quality has a major impact.In fact, automatic tool changer fills
The fault diagnosis put is particularly significant, can not only make up the blank of numerical control machining center automatic tool changer fault diagnosis, and
Important foundation can be established for " three bases " industry of China NC Machine industry.
The content of the invention
The present invention mainly solves the technical problem present in prior art, there is provided a kind of numerical control machining center is moved certainly
The method for diagnosing faults of knife system.
The above-mentioned technical problem of the present invention is mainly what is be addressed by following technical proposals：A kind of numerical control machining center
The method for diagnosing faults of automatic tool changer, automatic tool changer include the casing for being provided with driven shaft and compound cam, combination
Cam is the combination of globoid cam and plane grooved cam, and the method for diagnosing faults is：(1) it is convex to be used for installation combination on casing
First acceleration transducer is set at the axis hole of wheel, is used to install the second acceleration of setting at the axis hole of driven shaft in bottom half
Sensor, under the test condition of normal operation using two acceleration transducers automatic tool changer is grabbed knife, draw sword, tool changing,
The vibration of driven shaft and compound cam measures in five elemental motions of slotting tool and reset, obtains vibration response signal；(2) it is sharp
Gathered vibration response signal is handled with the sparse separation algorithm of multi -components, extracting being capable of faults spy in vibration response signal
The impact component of sign；(3) by the impact component combination globoid cam and the working cycle diagram of plane grooved cam that extract, analysis is simultaneously
Make a definite diagnosis the failure of automatic tool changer.
Wherein, step (2) is specially：
Under the test condition of step (1), with reference to the architectural feature of automatic tool changer, it is known that vibration response signal is by rushing
Hit component, harmonic component and noise composition, i.e. x=xH+xP+n；
By means of the thought of morphology constituent analysis, it is assumed that xHAnd xPRespectively by redundant dictionary ΦHAnd ΦPRarefaction representation, profit
One group of sparse coefficient w is found out with the sparse separation algorithm of multi -componentsHAnd wPMake its satisfaction
And convex optimum theory is based on, coefficient wHAnd wPUsing l1- model minimization problem solves, and represents as follows：
... formula (1)
To realize the Optimization Solution to formula (1), using lagrange's method of multipliers, give a suitable Lagrange and calculate
Son, the constrained optimization problem shown in formula (1) is converted into the unconstrained optimization problem shown in formula (2), i.e.,
... formula (2)
For formula (2), construction and the solution of dictionary are using the key of the sparse separation algorithm of multi -components.For dictionary
Construction, because the vibration response signal of automatic tool changer is to impact component under strong background noise to be coupled to form with harmonic component
Sophisticated signal, therefore in order to be accurately separated out impact component, the present invention is using tune Q small echos come sparse expression harmonic wave
Component, and component is impacted come sparse expression using m ultiwavelet.M ultiwavelet refers to by two or more functions as chi
Spend the small echo of function generation.The basic thought of m ultiwavelet is that the multiresolution analysis that will be generated in single wavelet by single scaling function is empty
Between, expand to and generated by multiple scaling functions, to obtain the bigger free degree.Different from single wavelet, multi-wavelet bases function is by more
Individual wavelet function is by peaceful colonization of stretching into corresponding to have multiple scaling functions.
Formula (2) is solved using division augmentation Lagrange contraction algorithm,
If vector functionMeet following two scaling relations, i.e.,
In formula：r--- the tuple of m ultiwavelet function；L2(R)r——rWeight square integrable real number space；{Hk, k=0,1 ..., M --- r
× r Two-scale matrix sequence, referred to as r weight scaling function.
Therefore m ultiwavelet can preferably match the impact component of the present invention, accurately can be separated under strong noise background
Go out the impact component being coupling in harmonic component, for extracting the fault signature of automatic tool changer.
The present invention proposes a kind of automatic tool changer method for diagnosing faults based on the sparse separation algorithm of multi -components, passes through
Substantial amounts of test analysis, it may be determined that the position that automatic tool changer easily breaks down, maintenance, operation to automatic tool changer
Management provides theoretical direction, and test condition is then under automatic tool changer normal operating conditions, and test includes grabbing knife, drawing sword, change
Five knife, slotting tool and reset states.
Present invention is generally directed to the automatic tool changer of numerical control machining center to provide scientific and effective Incipient Fault Diagnosis side
Method, can be to numerical control automatic Tool Changer for Machine Center according to this method for instructing the status monitoring of automatic tool changer
Maintenance, the arrangement of repair schedule adjustment provide guidance instruction, ensure the safe operation of automatic tool changer, avoid serious accident
Generation, improve economic and social benefit.
The method of the present invention has the characteristics that：(1) blank of numerical control machining center automatic tool changer diagnosis is made up, is
" three bases " industry of China NC Machine industry establishes important foundation；(2) the sparse separation algorithm of multi -components is using adjusting Q small echos and more
Small echo matches the harmonic component and impact component of automatic tool changer respectively, can accurately be isolated under very noisy interference humorous
Wave component and impact component；(3) maintenance that can be to numerical control automatic Tool Changer for Machine Center of the invention, arrangement adjustment inspection are passed through
The plan of repairing provides guidance instruction, reduces nonscheduled down time, can improve production line economic benefit and social benefit；(4)
Present invention calculating is easy, quick, is easy to practical implementation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of mounting structure schematic diagram of compound cam of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of mounting structure schematic diagram of acceleration transducer of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of vibration response signal figure of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is a kind of flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of fault diagnosis result in the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure, 1- combined camshafts, 2- driven shafts, 3- compound cams, 4- casings, 5- manipulators, 6- axis holes, 7- first plus
Velocity sensor, the acceleration transducers of 8- second.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, technical scheme is described in further detail.
Embodiment：Referring to Fig. 1 and 2, in of the invention, automatic tool changer includes the case for being provided with driven shaft and compound cam
Body, compound cam are the combination of globoid cam and plane grooved cam, and are used to install to set at the axis hole of compound cam on casing
The first acceleration transducer is put, is used to install the second acceleration transducer of setting at the axis hole of driven shaft in bottom half.Failure
The step of diagnosis is：(1) knife is grabbed to automatic tool changer using two acceleration transducers under the test condition to run well, pulled out
The vibration of driven shaft and compound cam measures in five knife, tool changing, slotting tool and reset elemental motions, obtains vibratory response letter
Number；(2) gathered vibration response signal is handled using the sparse separation algorithm of multi -components, extracting can be anti-in vibration response signal
Reflect the impact component of fault signature；(3) the impact component combination globoid cam and the working cycles of plane grooved cam by extracting
Figure, analyzes and makes a definite diagnosis the failure of automatic tool changer.Wherein step (2) is specially：Under the test condition of step (1), with reference to
The architectural feature of automatic tool changer, it is known that vibration response signal is made up of impact component, harmonic component and noise, i.e. x=xH+
xP+n；By means of the thought of morphology constituent analysis, it is assumed that xHAnd xPRespectively by redundant dictionary ΦHAnd ΦPRarefaction representation, using more
The sparse separation algorithm of component finds out one group of sparse coefficient wHAnd wPMake its satisfactionAnd managed based on convex optimization
By coefficient wHAnd wPUsing l1- model minimization problem solves, and represents as follows：
... formula (1)
To realize the Optimization Solution to formula (1), using lagrange's method of multipliers, give a suitable Lagrange and calculate
Son, the constrained optimization problem shown in formula (1) is converted into the unconstrained optimization problem shown in formula (2), i.e.,
... formula (2)
For formula (2), using adjusting Q small echos to carry out sparse expression harmonic component, using m ultiwavelet come sparse expression impact
Component, solved using division augmentation Lagrange contraction algorithm,
If vector functionMeet following two scaling relations, i.e.,
In formula：r--- the tuple of m ultiwavelet function, L2(R)r——rWeight square integrable
Real number space, { Hk, k=0,1 ..., M --- r × r Two-scale matrix sequence, referred to as r weight scaling function.
The present embodiment enters by taking the A402DEX01 type automatic tool changers that Taiwan Deshi Cam Co., Ltd. produces as an example
Row monitoring, the tool change times of A402DEX01 type automatic tool changers are 1.55s, broach travel 115mm, positioning precision 60
Point, repeatable accuracy is 10 seconds, stroke accuracy 0.1mm.As a result it is as follows：The position of two acceleration transducers is entered as shown in Figure 2
Row arrangement, test data include automatic tool changer grab knife, draw sword, tool changing, slotting tool and reset five elemental motions, sampling frequency
Rate is 6400Hz, obtains the vibration response signal of the collection of the first acceleration transducer shown in Fig. 3, i.e., the vibration at compound cam rings
Induction signal, it is difficult to find out whether automatic tool changer breaks down and abort situation by the time domain waveform.With reference to shown in Fig. 4
The flow of the present invention, the vibration response signal of the first acceleration transducer collection is handled using the sparse separation algorithm of multi -components, is carried
The impact component for being capable of faults feature in vibration response signal is taken, then the impact component combination globoid cam by extracting
With the working cycle diagram of plane grooved cam, as shown in Figure 5, you can analyze and make a definite diagnosis the failure of automatic tool changer.By Fig. 5 institutes
Show, No. 1 impact component corresponds to the starting operation in automatic tool changer in figure, and No. 2 impact components and No. 3 impact components are corresponding certainly
Move in knife system and grab knife action, No. 4 impact components correspond to the tenth skill of drawing sword in automatic tool changer, No. 5 impacts point
180 degree indexing tool changing tenth skill in the corresponding automatic tool changer of amount, No. 6 impact components correspond to inserting in automatic tool changer
Knife acts, and No. 7 impact components then correspond to the reset tenth skill in automatic tool changer, and these impact components can be anti-well
The course of work of automatic tool changer is reflected, but it is larger a series of amplitudes to be present between No. 4 impact components and No. 5 impact components
Impact component, the presence of these impact components and the working cycle process of automatic tool changer be not inconsistent, thus may determine that from
Move globoid cam in knife system and carry out damage being present in the working profile of 180 degree indexing tool changing.
Finally it is pointed out that above example is only the more representational example of the present invention.Obviously, technology of the invention
Scheme is not limited to above-described embodiment, can also there is many deformations.One of ordinary skill in the art can be from disclosed by the invention
All deformations that content is directly exported or associated, are considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method for diagnosing faults of numerical control machining center automatic tool changer, automatic tool changer includes being provided with driven shaft
With the casing of compound cam, compound cam is the combination of globoid cam and plane grooved cam, it is characterised in that the fault diagnosis
Method is：（1）It is used to install on casing to set the first acceleration transducer at the axis hole of compound cam, is used in bottom half
Install and the second acceleration transducer is set at the axis hole of driven shaft, two acceleration sensings are used under the test condition of normal operation
Device automatic tool changer is grabbed knife, draw sword, tool changing, slotting tool and reset five elemental motions in driven shaft and compound cam vibration
Measure, obtain vibration response signal；（2）Gathered vibration response signal is handled using the sparse separation algorithm of multi -components,
It is capable of the impact component of faults feature in extraction vibration response signal；（3）It is convex by the impact component combination cambered surface extracted
The working cycle diagram of wheel and plane grooved cam, analyzes and makes a definite diagnosis the failure of automatic tool changer.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510031224.3A CN104669060B (en) | 2015-01-22 | 2015-01-22 | A kind of method for diagnosing faults of numerical control machining center automatic tool changer |
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| CN201510031224.3A CN104669060B (en) | 2015-01-22 | 2015-01-22 | A kind of method for diagnosing faults of numerical control machining center automatic tool changer |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107704825A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-02-16 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Mechanical equipment fault feature extracting method based on adaptive set into m ultiwavelet |
| CN109202506A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-01-15 | 苏州工业职业技术学院 | Four station tool changing device full-automatic control systems, method and storage medium |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US6641511B2 (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2003-11-04 | Hurco Companies, Inc. | Movable arm activated tool changer for machine tool system |
| DE602007000987D1 (en) * | 2006-03-27 | 2009-06-10 | Fanuc Ltd | Apparatus and method for automatically changing the tool for a numerically controlled machine tool |
| CN101963548B (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2011-11-23 | 吉林大学 | Numerical control capstan turret reliability testing system with electro-hydraulic servo loading device |
| CN102785126B (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2014-07-23 | 大连理工大学 | Tool magazine and automatic tool changer comprehensive performance detecting system |
| CN103331648B (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2016-04-06 | 北京工业大学 | Automatic tool changer rotating mechanical arm vibration measurement device |
| CN203940986U (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2014-11-12 | 沈阳机床(集团)有限责任公司 | A kind of disc tool magazine reliability test device |
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Granted publication date: 20171121 Termination date: 20190122 |