CN104668549A - Alloy powder and laser adding material manufacturing process applying same - Google Patents
Alloy powder and laser adding material manufacturing process applying same Download PDFInfo
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- CN104668549A CN104668549A CN201310705743.4A CN201310705743A CN104668549A CN 104668549 A CN104668549 A CN 104668549A CN 201310705743 A CN201310705743 A CN 201310705743A CN 104668549 A CN104668549 A CN 104668549A
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005551 mechanical alloying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 44
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
An alloy powder and a manufacturing process of a laser adding material using the same. The alloy powder comprises 52-60 wt% of a combination of nickel and iron, 16-22 wt% of cobalt or manganese, and the balance of at least one of chromium or aluminum. The laser additive material manufacturing process comprises the steps of providing the alloy powder, carrying out a laser sintering step on the alloy powder to form an alloy product and optionally carrying out a heat treatment step on the alloy product.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of alloy powder and apply its laser adding material manufacturing process.
Background technology
Mould is the important tool of product volume production, no matter be the upgrading of the products such as electronics, communication, photoelectricity, precision optical machinery or means of transport, all depends on the lifting of Die Industry technical capability.Simultaneously in the face of the competitive pressure of globalization and the Rapid Variable Design of whole overall situation, mould industry plays the part of the key-like role of assistance industrial upgrading especially, to industrial development very important.
But the hardness of mould and temperature tolerance directly affect the mold use life-span, the related quality and functionality affecting rear end product, and the technique of mould and cost of manufacture more have impact on the competitiveness of industry.Therefore, the hardness how promoting mould is the target that the relevant dealer of current mould actively makes great efforts to temperature tolerance and its technique.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of alloy powder and apply its laser adding material manufacturing process.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a kind of alloy powder is proposed.Alloy powder comprise the nickel of 52 ~ 60% percentage by weights and the combination of iron, the cobalt of 16 ~ 22% percentage by weights or manganese and remainder be chromium or aluminium at least one of them.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a kind of laser adding material manufacturing process is proposed.Laser adding material manufacturing process comprises the following steps: provide an alloy powder, the nickel comprising 52 ~ 60% percentage by weights and the combination of iron, the cobalt of 16 ~ 22% percentage by weights or manganese and remaining part thereof be divided into chromium or aluminium at least one of them; Alloy powder carries out a laser sintered step to form an alloy product; And optionally alloy goods carry out a heat treatment step.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to have better understanding, preferred embodiment cited below particularly to above-mentioned and other side of the present invention, and coordinating accompanying drawing, being described in detail below:
Fig. 1 shows the manufacture method schematic diagram of the alloy powder according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 shows the schematic diagram of the lamination manufacture method according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 shows the Temperature-time graph of a relation carrying out the alloy powder of laser adding material manufacturing process according to one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In embodiments of the invention, alloy powder is applied to laser adding material manufacturing process to make alloy product, the alloy product of solid solution state has soft and is conducive to follow-up processing, and the alloy product after heat treatment has high rigidity, and there is good quality of item, can multiple kinds of molds be widely used in.Embodiments of the invention are described in detail referring to accompanying drawing.The thin portion structure that embodiment provides and the use of step for illustrating, not limit for the scope of protection the present invention.Have usually know the knowledgeable when can according to reality need these structures and step are modified or are changed.
According to embodiments of the invention, a kind of alloy powder is below proposed.
In one embodiment, alloy powder comprise the nickel of 52 ~ 60% percentage by weights and the combination of iron, the cobalt of 16 ~ 22% percentage by weights or manganese and remainder be chromium or aluminium at least one of them.That is, in the composition of the alloy powder of embodiment, nickel adds that the percentage by weight that iron accounts for whole alloy powder is 52 ~ 60%, and alloy powder also comprises the cobalt of 16 ~ 22% percentage by weights or the manganese of 16 ~ 22% percentage by weights.Further, the remainder of alloy powder is the combination of chromium or aluminium or chromium and aluminium.
In embodiment, in alloy powder, the percentage by weight that nickel accounts for alloy powder is such as 12 ~ 30%, and the percentage by weight that iron accounts for alloy powder is such as 26 ~ 48%.
In one embodiment, the percentage by weight that chromium accounts for alloy powder is such as 16 ~ 22%.
In one embodiment, aluminium accounts for the percentage by weight of alloy powder such as being greater than 0 to 8%.In another embodiment, the percentage by weight that aluminium accounts for alloy powder is such as 3 ~ 5%.
According to embodiments of the invention, a kind of laser adding material manufacturing process is below proposed.In some embodiments, laser adding material manufacturing process comprises the following steps.
First, an alloy powder is provided.The character of alloy powder as previously mentioned, does not repeat them here.The manufacture method of alloy powder such as comprises the following steps: to provide a raw metal, and with a mechanical means, a chemical method or a spray method process raw metal to form alloy powder.
Raw metal is such as simple metal or alloy material.In embodiment, raw metal is selected from: the alloy of iron, nickel, cobalt, manganese, chromium, aluminium, any two or two or more described metal or aforesaid combination.For example, in an embodiment, alloy powder comprises nickel, iron, aluminium and cobalt, then raw metal then comprises the simple metal of nickel, iron, aluminium and cobalt, the alloy of any two or two or more described metal or aforesaid combination.In another embodiment, alloy powder comprises nickel, iron, aluminium and manganese, then raw metal then comprises the simple metal of nickel, iron, aluminium and manganese, the alloy of any two or two or more described metal or aforesaid combination.
Then, will to raw metal to mechanically, chemical method or spray method process.In some embodiments, form that the mechanical means of alloy powder such as comprises mechanical processing method, smashs method to pieces, ball-milling method, cold flow ballistic method and machine-alloying at least one of them, chemical method such as comprise electrolysis, thermal decomposition method, metal oxide back method, liquid-phase precipitation method and vapour deposition process at least one of them, spray method such as comprise gas atomization method, water spray method, oily spray-on process, centrifugal spray method, vacuum or dissolved gas spray-on process and supersonic speed spray-on process one of them.
Fig. 1 shows the manufacture method schematic diagram of the alloy powder according to one embodiment of the invention.In the present embodiment, alloy powder adopts made by vacuum induction melting gas blowout mist (VIGA) technique.As shown in Figure 1, inserted by the raw metal with predetermined composition ratio in vacuum drying oven 10, then make raw metal carry out melting in vacuum drying oven 10, smelting temperature is approximately 1300 ~ 1600 DEG C.Raw metal after melting, imports by vacuum drying oven 10 reative cell 20 that dusts in vacuum drying oven 10, and then alloy powder 30 just takes out via outlet 20e.Dust in process, via the temperature of molten soup and the pressure (P of liquid metal that control raw metal
m; Kg/cm
2), flow rate (m
m; And viscosity (ν kg/sec)
m; m
2/ sec), can adjust and the characteristic of optimized alloy powder.Compared to the ball-milling method of mechanical system, the particle diameter of the alloy powder 30 be made with spray method is less, and constituent is also more even.
Then, alloy powder 30 carries out a laser sintered step to form an alloy product.Laser sintered step such as comprises the following steps.
First, map file foundation is carried out to the structure of the alloy product of predetermined making, the mode of design software or 3D scanning can be utilized to advise 3D map file.Then, utilize that professional software is repaired 3D figure file, special construction design and Analysis of Structural Characteristics.Then, carry out the preposition preparation of lamination manufacture, comprise layer is cut to 3D map file, set up supporting construction with cut layer.Then, import alloy powder and adopt lamination manufacture method to carry out the making of alloy product.In the alloy product produced by laser sintered step, there is soft, such as HRC22 ~ 28.
Fig. 2 shows the schematic diagram of the lamination manufacture method according to one embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 2, the layer pattern of cutting of aforementioned 3D figure file is utilized to carry out 2D processing.Specifically, the laser beam L of focusing is such as moved along scanning direction D and irradiates on the alloy powder 30 of laying in advance, the alloy powder 30 of processing district is sintered, alloy powder 30 is made to reach the temperature near fusing point and the melting district M formed as shown in Figure 2, after laser beam L removes melting district M, the quick cooled and solidified of melting district M and present solid solution state, solid-state district S as shown in Figure 2, and be not yet still alloy powder 30 by the part that laser beam L sinters.Then, constantly repeat to spread the layer covering alloy powder 30 and the step sintered this layer with laser beam L, can successively be stacked into the alloy product being almost similar to 3D map file.The alloy product with solid solution state has soft, is approximately HRC22 ~ 28, is therefore beneficial to very much follow-up processing.
Then, optionally retrofit is carried out to the alloy product of soft.The step of retrofit such as can utilize wire electrode cutting machine, discharging processing machine or five-axis robot machine etc. to carry out.In this stage, such as, can carry out the structure processing of thin portion to the surface of goods or make surface roughness.
Then, optionally alloy goods are heat-treated (namely Ageing Treatment), and the alloy product of heat-treating before (Ageing Treatment) still has solid solution state.Heat treated step such as can utilize high temperature furnace to carry out.Heat treated heating-up temperature is such as 400 ~ 800 DEG C, and the heat treated heat time is such as 1 ~ 6 hour.
In addition, still optionally other post processing can be carried out by alloy goods.For example, the supporting construction etc. of alloy product is removed.
Fig. 3 shows the Temperature-time graph of a relation carrying out the alloy powder of laser adding material manufacturing process according to one embodiment of the invention.It is noted that this figure is in order to illustrate that the alloy powder obtained by the present invention is applied to the characteristic had in lamination laser adding material manufacturing process, not refer in particular to any specific embodiment.
As shown in Figure 3, when stage S1, alloy powder carries out laser lamination sintering as shown in Figure 2, and now operating temperature is quite high.Then, after each layer of thermal sintering, just quick cooled and solidified and present solid solution state is now stage S2.Stage S1 to stage S2 can carry out repeatedly repeatedly to make preliminary alloy product, and alloy product now has the structure being similar to 3D map file.In this stage, the alloy product of S2 has soft, is very beneficial for processing, particularly the retrofit on surface.Then, alloy goods are heat-treated, and for example, being warming up to 700 DEG C and heating 2 hours, is now stage S3.The operating temperature of stage S3 is higher, but lower than the operating temperature of stage S1.The heat treatment of stage S3 is in order to improve the hardness of alloy product to the high rigidity needed for final finished.Finally, after heat treatment terminates, alloy product being lowered the temperature, such as, is drop to room temperature, is now air cooling stage S4.The alloy product of stage S4 is final finished goods, has final high rigidity, and such as the highest can arrival is greater than HRC60.
Compared to traditional mould made with mould steel, need the multiprogrammings such as annealed process, roughing, solid solution-Quenching Treatment, temper and retrofit, according to embodiments of the invention, with the alloy product that alloy powder 30 makes via laser adding material manufacturing process, only need to carry out once laser sintered program and just can produce the approximate alloy product be shaped, more just can complete through a Precision Machining and heat treatment there is the mould finished product of high rigidity.Therefore, according to the alloy product that embodiments of the invention make, not only Making programme simplifies, process time shortening, makes mould finished product simultaneously and can have complicated curved surface, runner and surface roughness, still can promote dimensional accuracy.
Moreover, according to the embodiment of content of the present invention, the alloy product made with laser adding material manufacturing process, its inside has 3D runner, the effect that can reach steady cooling, reduce internal stress and avoid final mould finished product to be out of shape or to shrink, thus can have good quality of item.Further, according to the alloy product that embodiments of the invention make, the geometry of complexity and multiple assembly can be reduced to less part (integrated design), reach and have more cost-benefit assembling, and reduce the use amount of material, and then reduce cost of manufacture.Therefore, the alloy product of embodiments of the invention can be widely used in multiple kinds of molds, such as IC packaging and testing mould, jetting mold industry, die casting industry, die material industry, passive component industry, diel industry and 3C Product mould industry etc.
Be described further with regard to embodiment below.Below list the composition of the alloy powder of several embodiment and the hardness result after the process of laser adding material manufacturing process, with the characteristic of the alloy powder obtained by application the present invention.But following embodiment is only the use of example explanation, and should not be interpreted as restriction of the invention process.The composition of the alloy powder of each embodiment and the hardness result after the process of laser adding material manufacturing process are as table 1 ~ 3, wherein the ratio of each element represents with the percentage by weight accounting for Integral alloy powder, solid solution state hardness represents the hardness of the alloy product that alloy powder is made after laser lamination sintering, and final hardness represents the hardness of alloy product after heat treated.Hardness all represents with HRC.
Table 1
As shown in table 1, the alloy powder of embodiment A 1 ~ A9 comprises nickel and iron, the cobalt of 16 ~ 22% percentage by weights and the chromium of 16 ~ 22% percentage by weights of 52 ~ 60% percentage by weights, special in the percentage by weight that aluminium accounts for alloy powder is 4%, alloy product has the highest final hardness.Solid solution state alloy product is after the heat treatment of 700 DEG C in 2 hours, and secondary phase is separated out in the result display according to X ray diffracting spectrum (XRD), and be such as ρ phase, therefore hardness significantly improves.
Table 2
As shown in table 2, the alloy powder of Embodiment B 1 ~ B4 comprises nickel and iron, the chromium of 20% percentage by weight and the manganese of 20% percentage by weight of 53 ~ 60% percentage by weights, it is special in the percentage by weight that aluminium accounts for alloy powder is 3 ~ 5%, solid solution state alloy product is after Overheating Treatment, and alloy product has the highest final hardness.
Table 3
As shown in table 3, the alloy powder of Embodiment C 1 ~ C4 comprises nickel and iron, the chromium of 20% percentage by weight and the manganese of 20% percentage by weight of 53 ~ 60% percentage by weights, it is special in the percentage by weight that aluminium accounts for alloy powder is 3 ~ 5%, solid solution state alloy product is after Overheating Treatment, alloy product has the highest final hardness, can up to HRC63.7 and 62.7.In addition, compared to embodiment A 1 ~ A8 and B1 ~ B4, in the alloy powder of Embodiment C 1 ~ C4, the content of iron increases, and the content of nickel reduces, and still significantly can reduce cost of material thus.
Moreover, as shown in table 1 ~ 3, in the composition of the alloy powder of embodiment, carbon content is essentially 0, the quick cooled and solidified process that therefore can reduce laser lamination sintering makes the structure of alloy product have the possibility changed, thus avoids alloy product just to have too high hardness before Precision Machining.
Therefore, alloy powder of the present invention can be applicable to laser adding material manufacturing process to make alloy product, the alloy product of solid solution state has soft and is conducive to follow-up processing, and the alloy product after heat treatment has high rigidity, and there is good quality of item, can multiple kinds of molds be widely used in.
In sum, although the present invention with preferred embodiment disclose as above, so itself and be not used to limit the present invention.Persond having ordinary knowledge in the technical field of the present invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, when being used for a variety of modifications and variations.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention is when being as the criterion depending on the accompanying claim person of defining.
Symbol description
10: vacuum drying oven
20: dust reative cell
20e: outlet
30: alloy powder
L: laser beam
M: melting district
S: solid-state district
S1 ~ S4: stage
D: scanning direction.
Claims (18)
1. an alloy powder, comprising:
The nickel of 52 ~ 60% percentage by weights and the combination of iron;
The cobalt of 16 ~ 22% percentage by weights or manganese; And
Remainder be chromium or aluminium at least one of them.
2. alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein nickel accounts for the percentage by weight of described alloy powder is 12 ~ 30%.
3. alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein iron accounts for the percentage by weight of described alloy powder is 26 ~ 48%.
4. alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein chromium accounts for the percentage by weight of described alloy powder is 16 ~ 22%.
5. alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein aluminium accounts for the percentage by weight of described alloy powder for being greater than 0 to 8%.
6. alloy powder according to claim 5, wherein aluminium accounts for the percentage by weight of described alloy powder is 3 ~ 5%.
7. a laser adding material manufacturing process, comprising:
One alloy powder is provided, comprises:
The nickel of 52 ~ 60% percentage by weights and the combination of iron;
The cobalt of 16 ~ 22% percentage by weights or manganese; And
Remainder be chromium or aluminium at least one of them;
One laser sintered step is carried out to form an alloy product to described alloy powder; And
Optionally a heat treatment step is carried out to described alloy product.
8. laser adding material manufacturing process according to claim 7, wherein said alloy powder is obtained by the following step, and its step comprises:
One raw metal is provided; And
With raw metal described in a mechanical means, a chemical method or a spray method process to form described alloy powder.
9. laser adding material manufacturing process according to claim 8, wherein said raw metal is selected from: the alloy of iron, nickel, cobalt, manganese, chromium, aluminium, any two or two or more described metal or aforesaid combination.
10. laser adding material manufacturing process according to claim 8, wherein said mechanical means comprises mechanical processing method, smashs method to pieces, ball-milling method, cold flow ballistic method and mechanical alloying method at least one of them, described chemical method comprise electrolysis, thermal decomposition method, metal oxide back method, liquid-phase precipitation method and vapour deposition process at least one of them, described spray method comprise gas atomization method, water spray method, oily spray-on process, centrifugal spray method, vacuum or dissolved gas spray-on process and supersonic speed spray-on process at least one of them.
11. laser adding material manufacturing process according to claim 7, the heating-up temperature of wherein said heat treatment step is 400 ~ 800 DEG C.
12. laser adding material manufacturing process according to claim 7, the heat time of wherein said heat treatment step is 1 ~ 6 hour.
13. laser adding material manufacturing process according to claim 7, wherein between described laser sintered step and described heat treatment step, also comprise:
One retrofit step is carried out to described alloy product.
14. laser adding material manufacturing process according to claim 7, wherein nickel accounts for the percentage by weight of described alloy powder is 12 ~ 30%.
15. lamination laser adding material manufacturing process according to claim 7, wherein iron accounts for the percentage by weight of described alloy powder is 26 ~ 48%.
16. laser adding material manufacturing process according to claim 7, wherein chromium accounts for the percentage by weight of described alloy powder is 16 ~ 22%.
17. laser adding material manufacturing process according to claim 7, wherein aluminium accounts for the percentage by weight of described alloy powder for being greater than 0 to 8%.
18. laser adding material manufacturing process according to claim 16, wherein aluminium accounts for the percentage by weight of described alloy powder is 3 ~ 5%.
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| TW102144108 | 2013-12-02 | ||
| TW102144108A TWI532852B (en) | 2013-12-02 | 2013-12-02 | Alloy powder and laser additive manufacturing process applying the same |
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| TWI613296B (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2018-02-01 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | Aluminum alloy powder and manufacturing method of aluminum alloy object |
| TWI615486B (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2018-02-21 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | A low carbon steel alloy composition, powders and the method forming the objects containing the same. |
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| TW201522659A (en) | 2015-06-16 |
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