CN104665802B - Pulse measurement device, system and the method for measuring pulse - Google Patents
Pulse measurement device, system and the method for measuring pulse Download PDFInfo
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- CN104665802B CN104665802B CN201310628125.4A CN201310628125A CN104665802B CN 104665802 B CN104665802 B CN 104665802B CN 201310628125 A CN201310628125 A CN 201310628125A CN 104665802 B CN104665802 B CN 104665802B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
- A61B5/02416—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
- A61B5/0015—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by features of the telemetry system
- A61B5/002—Monitoring the patient using a local or closed circuit, e.g. in a room or building
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
- A61B5/681—Wristwatch-type devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7203—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
- A61B5/7253—Details of waveform analysis characterised by using transforms
- A61B5/726—Details of waveform analysis characterised by using transforms using Wavelet transforms
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- Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of pulse measurement device, system and the methods for measuring pulse, are related to field of sensing technologies, to solve the problems, such as that measuring device limits serious to human motion state and invents.The method comprise the steps that carrying out light source irradiation to human skin, the reflection light of the human skin is received, the reflection light is converted into voltage waveform, pulse counting is carried out according to the voltage waveform.During being continued to monitor present invention is mainly applied to cell phone client to human pulse.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of sensing technologies more particularly to a kind of pulse measurement devices, system and the method for measuring pulse.
Background technique
Human pulse measurement plays an important role for the diagnosing and treating of vital sign monitoring, disease, at present
Pulses measure mode relate generally to it is following several: 1) piezoelectric pressure measurement, 2) infrared rays survey, 3) electrocardio measure.Wherein,
1) mode of piezoelectric pressure measurement is that measuring device is bundled on human body, is generated beat pulse by pressure sensor
Pressure change is converted to electric signal, is achieved in the measurement to pulse；2) mode of infrared rays survey can press from both sides measuring device
It holds in patients fingers, human pulse is measured by infrared ray；3) electrocardio measurement is to assign sensing in partes corporis humani position
Contact obtains human body vital sign parameter, is then converted into beat pulse parameter.
For the mode of above-mentioned several pulses measures, inventors have found that measurement method in the prior art is to measuring device
Positional relationship between human body is more demanding, the motion states such as posture, movement of patient be limited it is more serious, such as by protecting band
It is tied in patients arm or clip is clamped in patients fingers, be easy to cause protecting band if more violent movement is done if patient
Or clip is subjected to displacement or even falls off, and then influences the accuracy of measurement result.Current measurement method to the patient of bed still
And can be applicable in, but be not suitable for healthy population and test constantly is carried out to pulse in daily activities.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of pulse measurement device, system and the method for measuring pulse, is able to solve measurement and sets
It is standby to limit human motion state serious problem.
On the one hand, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of pulse measurement devices, comprising:
Light source, for carrying out light source irradiation to human skin；
Photosensitive receiving tube, for receiving the reflection light of the human skin；
Conversion circuit, for the received reflection light of the photosensitive receiving tube to be converted to voltage waveform；
Processor, the voltage waveform for being converted according to the conversion circuit carry out pulse counting.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of sphygmus measurement system, which includes: pulse measurement device
And applications client, wherein pulse measurement device is above-mentioned pulse measurement device；
The pulse measurement device, for carrying out light source irradiation to human skin and receiving the reflected light of the human skin
The reflection light is converted to voltage waveform by line, carries out pulse counting according to the voltage waveform, count results are sent to
The applications client；
The applications client, the count results sent for receiving the pulse measurement device, according to the meter
Number result draws pulse figure in human-computer interaction interface, or the count results are reported to network side.
In another aspect, the embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of methods for measuring pulse, comprising:
Light source irradiation is carried out to human skin；
Receive the reflection light of the human skin；
The reflection light is converted into voltage waveform；
Pulse counting is carried out according to the voltage waveform.
Pulse measurement device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, system and the method for measuring pulse, can to human skin into
Line light source irradiates and receives the reflection light of human skin, the reflection light received is then converted to voltage waveform, finally
Pulse counting is carried out to human body according to the voltage waveform of conversion.Pressure change when usual human pulse bounce will affect body
The variation of interior haemoconcentration, and the blood of various concentration is different to the absorptivity of light, therefore can be by reflected light
The monitoring for pressure change that the measurement that linear light changes by force is realized when beating to human pulse, so realize to the measurement of human pulse and
It counts.Since the mode of light irradiation is not necessarily to the posture to human body, movement limits, durings user's walking, movement etc.
Pulses measure can be carried out, therefore compared with the measurement methods such as piezoelectric type in the prior art, infrared ray, can user movement not
The accurate measurement of pulse is realized in restricted situation.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
It obtains other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of first pulse measurement device in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of voltage waveform in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of second pulse measurement device in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of third pulse measurement device in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the 4th pulse measurement device in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the corresponding frequency spectrum of voltage waveform in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 (a) and Fig. 7 (b) is the position of two different photodiodes and light emitting diode in the embodiment of the present invention
Relation schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is to be bolted the scene that pulse measurement device is fixed at the top of house by component in the embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 9 is to be fixed by the bracket the field that pulse measurement device is fixed on level table by component in the embodiment of the present invention
Scape schematic diagram；
Figure 10 is that pulse measurement device is bundled at human body wrist by belt fastening member in the embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram of a scenario；
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of sphygmus measurement system in the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 12 is the interface schematic diagram of applications client in the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 13 is the method flow diagram that pulse is measured in the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 14 is the method flow diagram of another measurement pulse in the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 15 is the schematic diagram that fundamental frequency is determined in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the present embodiment, the technical solution in the present embodiment is clearly and completely described,
Obviously, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based in the present invention
Embodiment, every other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts, all
Belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
For the accurate measurement for realizing pulse in the case where user movement is unrestricted, a kind of pulse is present embodiments provided
Measuring device, which measures human pulse in such a way that light source irradiates, to the position between measuring device and human body
Relationship is set to require with no restriction.As shown in Figure 1, described device includes: power supply 10, light source 11, photosensitive receiving tube 12, conversion circuit
13 and processor 14, wherein
Light source 11, for carrying out light source irradiation to human skin.
The present embodiment is irradiated human skin with the light that active light source 11 issues, can be by current strength to light
The exposure intensity (subsequent abbreviation light intensity) in source 11 is adjusted, and the present embodiment does not limit the specific value of light source intensity.
Photosensitive receiving tube 12, for receiving the reflection light of human skin.
The reflection light of human skin is received in the present embodiment by photosensitive receiving tube 12, human skin is receiving light source
After 11 incident rays issued, some light can be absorbed and reflect residual ray.Since human blood-pressure can be sent out with beat pulse
Raw rule variation, and the variation of blood pressure will lead to haemoconcentration in body and change, the blood of various concentration is to light
Absorptivity it is different, therefore the light intensity of the received reflection light of photosensitive receiving tube 12 can be with during beat pulse
Human pulse beats and changes.Photosensitive receiving tube 12 can be for a light-sensitive element or by multiple photosensitive members in practical application
The photosensitive receiving array of part composition.
Conversion circuit 13, for the received reflection light of photosensitive receiving tube 12 to be converted to voltage waveform.Conversion circuit 13
Changed according to the received light intensity power of photosensitive receiving tube 12 and carry out voltage signal conversion, as shown in Fig. 2, due to photosensitive receiving tube 12
The process for receiving reflection light is a lasting process, therefore the voltage signal that conversion circuit 13 obtains is continuous voltage value,
What is shown in oscillograph is continuous voltage waveform.
Processor 14, the voltage waveform for being converted according to conversion circuit 13 carry out pulse counting.By reflected light linear light
After being converted to voltage waveform by force, processor 14 according to the frequency domain feature (such as maximum frequency point) of voltage waveform to beat pulse into
Row monitoring, to realize pulse counting.
Pulse measurement device provided in an embodiment of the present invention can carry out light source irradiation to human skin and receive human body skin
Then the reflection light received is converted to voltage waveform by the reflection light of skin, finally according to the voltage waveform of conversion to people
Body carries out pulse counting.Since the mode of light irradiation is not necessarily to the posture to human body, movement limits, in user's walking, fortune
Dynamic wait can carry out pulses measure in the process, therefore compared with the measurement methods such as piezoelectric type in the prior art, infrared ray, Ke Yi
The accurate measurement of pulse is realized in the case that user movement is unrestricted.
Further, as the further refinement and extension to Fig. 1 shown device, on the basis of device shown in Fig. 1, this
Embodiment additionally provides a kind of pulse measurement device, as shown in figure 3, described device removes power supply 10, light source 11, photosensitive receiving tube
12, other than conversion circuit 13 and processor 14, further includes:
Control circuit 31, for selecting selection initial current intensity in section in predetermined current intensity.To guarantee to be irradiated to
Light light intensity on human body is moderate, so that voltage waveform be made to be suitable for that pulses measure is used, it is selected can to preset a current strength
The initial current intensity that the irradiation of an excitation light source is determined in section is selected in section in current strength.Since light source intensity can be by
Light source type, device type, the influence of the factors such as environmental light intensity, therefore those skilled in the art can be in conjunction with for specific fields
Scape, specific device type empirical value section selected to current strength set, the present embodiment does not select area to current strength
Between do quantitative limitation.After setting electric current intensity selectes section, some current strength work can be randomly selected in section
It, can also will be in the characteristic points such as interval midpoint, one third point, a quarter point according to experimental data for initial current intensity
Current strength is determined as initial current intensity, and it is selected for current strength that the present embodiment requires nothing more than the range of choice of initial current intensity
Section is not defined the specific choice mode of initial current intensity.
After control circuit 31 selects initial current intensity, intensity of illumination of the light source 11 to be excited according to initial current intensity
Light source irradiation is carried out to human skin, positive correlation, i.e. current strength are bigger between the two with light source intensity for current strength
Light source intensity is bigger, and the smaller light source intensity of current strength is smaller.
Further, since pulse measurement device does not limit the posture of user, movement, light source photograph is being carried out
When penetrating, for the accuracy for further increasing measurement result, need to consider influence of the variation to measurement result of user action, therefore
The light intensity of light source 11 is adjusted in the strong and weak variation for needing to receive reflection light according to photosensitive receiving tube 12.Specifically, processing
For device 14 after reflection light is converted to voltage waveform by conversion circuit 13, whether monitoring voltage waveform meets testing conditions, institute
The testing conditions stated can be to the light-intensity conditions that pulse measures, testing conditions after referring to exclusion external interference specifically: electricity
The crest value and valley value of corrugating are within predeterminated voltage amplitude section, and the difference of crest value and valley value is greater than in advance
If voltage difference.I.e. for voltage waveform shown in Fig. 2, amplitude range does not answer excessive and exceeds predeterminated voltage amplitude section,
Its amplitude range is not answered too small yet and is had an impact to the precision of pulses measure simultaneously.If voltage waveform meets testing conditions,
It is then able to carry out pulses measure, if voltage waveform is unsatisfactory for testing conditions, is needed through control circuit 31 to light source 11
Light intensity is adjusted, to obtain adjusting current strength.When adjusting light source intensity, control circuit 31 is according to predetermined current intensity amount
Grade is adjusted initial current intensity, such as is adjusted by unit regulated quantity of 1mA, steps up or reduce initial current
Intensity.After initial current intensity is adjusted, light source 11 is excited according to the adjusting current strength that control circuit 31 selects
Intensity of illumination carries out light source irradiation to human skin, and by conversion circuit 13 according to the new received reflected light of photosensitive receiving tube 12
Line is again converted into voltage waveform.Processor 14 and control circuit 31 are monitored and adjust to new voltage waveform again, directly
Until the voltage waveform after adjusting meets testing conditions.
It further, is shadow of the abatement device noise spike to measurement result after voltage waveform meets testing conditions
It rings, it is also necessary to the corresponding noise frequency of voltage waveform is removed, to keep measurement result more accurate, as shown in figure 4, institute
State device further include:
Filter circuit 41, for after 14 monitoring voltage waveform of processor meets testing conditions, according to pre-set frequency band area
Between to conversion circuit 13 convert voltage waveform carry out bandpass filtering, the endpoint frequency values in pre-set frequency band section are by preset pulse
The number of minutes endpoint value is derived from.
It should be noted that the object filtered in filtering is the frequency domain form of voltage waveform, i.e. voltage waveform institute
Corresponding frequency values.When pre-set frequency band section is arranged, can be derived according to limit pulse the number of minutes of human body on medical significance
Obtain the endpoint frequency values in pre-set frequency band section.In general, limit pulse the number of minutes of human body be 40 under/minute to 220 under/point
Clock, i.e. pulse the number of minutes up and down endpoint value be respectively under 40/under minute and 220/minute, pulse the number of minutes is converted into frequency respectively
To get being 0.67Hz and 3.67Hz to the endpoint frequency values in pre-set frequency band section, thus obtain pre-set frequency band section is rate value
0.67Hz to 3.67Hz.
It is according to the purpose that pre-set frequency band section is arranged in pulse the number of minutes, rejects and do not meet human pulse bounce rule
Interfering frequency, so that subsequent processing result is more accurate.For example, for generated due to device noise some frequencies (such as
1500Hz), if be not filtered to it, the subsequent obtained pulse the number of minutes that measures can achieve 1500Hz*60s=90000
Under/minute, this result obviously do not meet the natural law, and error is excessive.
Further, as shown in figure 5, processor 14 includes: frequency domain converting unit 51, determination unit 52 and data conversion list
Member 53, wherein
Frequency domain converting unit 51, for carrying out frequency domain conversion to voltage waveform, determination unit 52 is single for converting frequency domain
The corresponding frequency domain highest point of first 51 frequency domain converted voltage waveforms is determined as fundamental frequency, and Date Conversion Unit 53, then is used for
The fundamental frequency that determination unit 52 determines is converted into the number of minutes, obtains Pulse Rate.
After carrying out bandpass filtering to voltage waveform, remaining frequency values can carry out pulse counting.As shown in fig. 6, with
For one voltage waveform, the voltage waveform for meeting bandpass filtering condition is carried out frequency domain conversion by frequency domain converting unit 51, is obtained
Maximum frequency point in the frequency spectrum is determined as fundamental frequency by the frequency spectrum being made of cline frequency value, determination unit 52, and data turn
Unit 53 is changed by fundamental frequency and 60s(1 minutes) be multiplied the pulse the number of minutes measured.
It further, is the power consumption for saving pulses measure, it is preferable to use light emitting diodes for the light source 11 in the present embodiment
(Light Emitting Diode, abbreviation LED).In addition, to avoid light scattering from leading to the received reflection of photosensitive receiving tube 12
Light is reduced, and influences the accuracy of pulse counting, light emitting diode is preferably disposed on around photosensitive receiving tube 12, to photosensitive reception
The closure of pipe 12 is surrounded, so that the reflection light for being irradiated to human skin can be put together to 12 surface of photosensitive receiving tube.Such as
Shown in Fig. 7 (a), in a kind of possible implementation of the present embodiment, photosensitive receiving tube 12 is located at device center, light-emitting diodes
Pipe ring dress is around setting outside photosensitive receiving tube 12；As shown in Figure 7 (b), the implementation alternatively possible in the present embodiment
In, photosensitive receiving tube 12 is located at device center, and 4 light emitting diodes are separately positioned on the top, lower part, a left side of photosensitive receiving tube 12
Portion and right part.Fig. 7 (a) and Fig. 7 (b) is used only for being shown certain possible implementation, not as to practical application
The restriction of middle light emitting diode and 12 relative position of photosensitive receiving tube.
Further, in the present embodiment, the direction of illumination of light source 11 and the light receiver direction of photosensitive receiving tube 12 are same
Light source 11 and photosensitive receiving tube 12 are put towards human skin when carrying out pulse counting to setting.
To be further reduced limitation of the pulse counting to user action, described device further includes fixation member, for that will fill
It sets and is fixed on the position away from human skin preset distance, the fixation member can be bolt type fixation member, stent-type is fixed
Component, magnetic force fixation member, adhesive type fixation member, inserted fixation member or belt fastening member, the present embodiment is to fixation
The concrete form of component is with no restrictions.
As shown in figure 8, in an application scenarios of the present embodiment, user's carry out activity indoors and pulse is carried out
Measurement, the fixation member are bolt type fixation member, and described device is fixed on house top by the bolt type fixation member
Portion, light source 11 and 12 direction of photosensitive receiving tube downwards, form 3-dimensional irradiation range, and user lives in the range of exposures
Real-time counting can be carried out to pulse by described device while dynamic.
As shown in figure 9, in another application scenarios of the present embodiment, user outdoors carry out activity and to pulse into
Row measurement, the fixation member are stent-type fixation member, and described device is fixedly placed in by the stent-type fixation member
On level table, light source 11 and 12 direction of photosensitive receiving tube form 3-dimensional irradiation range, user is in range of exposures towards human body
Real-time counting can be carried out to pulse by described device while carry out activity.
As shown in Figure 10, in another application scenarios of the present embodiment, the scope of activities of user, the fixation are not limited
Component is belt fastening member, and described device is bundled on human body by the belt fastening member, such as is bundled in wrist.
Light source 11 and 12 direction of photosensitive receiving tube form certain range of exposures towards human skin.Light source 11 and photosensitive receiving tube 12
Distance controlling of the surface away from human skin is at [- 5mm ,+10mm], and wherein negative represents light source 11 and 12 surface of photosensitive receiving tube is squeezed
Situation about being pressed onto human skin.User can carry out real-time counting to pulse by described device while carry out activity,
The motion range of user not exposure scope limitation.
The pulse measurement device with reference to shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 any width into Figure 10, the present embodiment additionally provide a kind of pulse
Measuring system, pulse counting result is handled, shown or be transmitted.As shown in figure 11, the system comprises: pulses to survey
Device 111 and applications client 112 are measured, wherein pulse measurement device 111 is Fig. 1, Fig. 3 pulse shown in any width into Figure 10
Measuring device.
Pulse measurement device 111 will for carrying out light source irradiation to human skin and receiving the reflection light of human skin
Reflection light is converted to voltage waveform, carries out pulse counting according to voltage waveform, count results are sent to applications client
112。
In the present embodiment, pulse measurement device 111 can be sent count results by wired or wireless transmission mode
To applications client 112.Wherein wireless transmission method includes but is not limited to be: mobile communications network transmission, WI-FI transmission, indigo plant
Tooth (Bluetooth) transmission, infrared transmission etc..
Applications client 112, for receiving the count results of the transmission of pulse measurement device 111, according to count results in people
Pulse figure is drawn in machine interactive interface, or count results are reported to network side.
Pulse measurement device 111 carries out lasting pulse counting to user, applications client 112 then by with pulses measure
The data delivering path real-time reception pulse counting that device 111 is established is as a result, and according to count results in human-computer interaction interface
Real-time rendering pulse figure, so that user checks.Or the pulse counting result that pulse measurement device 111 will acquire is reported to net
Network side, so that network side server analyzes sample data.
In an application scenarios of the present embodiment, " health index " application is installed, user is by subsidiary survey in mobile phone
Amount " watch " is worn in wrist.Measurement " watch " in real time counts user's pulse, and count results are sent to mobile phone
Client.As shown in figure 12, cell phone client according to count results the real-time rendering in the observation interface that " health index " is applied
Heart rate waveform, and in pulse the number of minutes of observation interface upper right side instant playback user.Cell phone client will also receive simultaneously
Count results and the current motion state of user (such as static, walking, running etc.) be sent to network side server from the background,
According to the count results and the motion state of user is combined to carry out analysis and assessment to the physical fitness of user by network side server.
Furthermore network side server is also saved count results as sample data, thus according to the sphygmometer of a large amount of mobile phone users
Number result carries out healthy trend analysis to target group.
Further, with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 3, into Figure 10, pulse measurement device shown in any width, the present embodiment are additionally provided
A method of measurement pulse, as shown in figure 13, which comprises
1301, light source irradiation is carried out to human skin.
Pulse measurement device carries out light source irradiation to human skin by LED pipe, provides reflection light source.
1302, the reflection light of human skin is received.
Pulse measurement device receives the light of human body skin reflex, the photosensitive reception in practical application by photosensitive receiving tube
Pipe can be a light-sensitive element or the photosensitive receiving array being made of multiple light-sensitive elements.
1303, reflection light is converted into voltage waveform.
Reflection light is converted to the frequency spectrum being made of cline frequency value by pulse measurement device, and the frequency spectrum is in oscillograph
It is presented as the waveform using voltage as amplitude, the voltage waveform after changing is as shown in Figure 2.
1304, pulse counting is carried out according to voltage waveform.
After forming voltage waveform, pulse measurement device searches the characteristic frequency value in voltage waveform corresponding spectrum, according to
Pulse the number of minutes is calculated in this feature frequency values.The characteristic frequency value is the frequency values for reflecting target bounce rule, such as
It can be the maximum frequency in frequency spectrum.
The method of measurement pulse provided in an embodiment of the present invention can carry out light source irradiation to human skin and receive human body
Then the reflection light received is converted to voltage waveform by the reflection light of skin, finally according to the voltage waveform pair of conversion
Human body carries out pulse counting.Pressure change when usual human pulse bounce will affect the variation of haemoconcentration in body, and
The blood of various concentration is different to the absorptivity of light, therefore can be realized by the measurement changed to reflection light light intensity
The monitoring of pressure change when to human pulse bounce, and then realize the measurement and counting to human pulse.Due to light irradiation
Mode is not necessarily to the posture to human body, movement limits, and can carry out pulses measure during user's walking, movement etc., because
This can be realized compared with the measurement methods such as piezoelectric type in the prior art, infrared ray in the case where user movement is unrestricted
The accurate measurement of pulse.
Further, as the detailed description and extension to method shown in Figure 13, the present embodiment additionally provides a kind of measurement
The method of pulse, as shown in figure 14, which comprises
1401, selection initial current intensity in section is selected in predetermined current intensity.
For the accurate measurement for guaranteeing pulse, it is necessary first to the illumination light intensity model of available accurate pulses measure result be arranged
It encloses, and the light intensity power of illumination is that the current strength shone by exciting light is determined, therefore is selected first to predetermined current intensity
Section is configured.Tester can be selected to current strength for factors such as external environment, the device types that device uses
Section carries out experience setting, example, with the LED pipe and model of model Everlight 23-21/GHC-YR2T1/2A
For photosensitive receiving tube for Everlight PD70-01B/TR7, it is 3mA to 16mA's that the current strength set, which selectes section,
Closed interval.
After setting electric current intensity selectes section, some current strength can be randomly selected in section as initial
Current strength, can also be strong by the electric current in the characteristic points such as interval midpoint, one third point, a quarter point according to experimental data
Degree is determined as initial current intensity, and the range of choice that the present embodiment requires nothing more than initial current intensity is that current strength selectes section,
The specific choice mode of initial current intensity is not defined.In one implementation, the electric current that device is selected at random is strong
Degree is 10mA.
1402, light source irradiation is carried out to human skin.
Pulse measurement device applies the electric current of 10mA to LED pipe, and LED pipe is made to inspire the light irradiation of corresponding intensity of illumination
Human skin.
1403, the reflection light of human skin is received.
The implementation of this step is identical as the implementation of step 1302 in Figure 13, and details are not described herein again.
1404, the reflection light is converted into voltage waveform.
The implementation of this step is identical as the implementation of step 1303 in Figure 13, and details are not described herein again.
1405, whether monitoring voltage waveform meets testing conditions.
As a preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, to avoid human skin from becoming with pulse measurement device relative position
Change and measurement result had an impact, initial current intensity can be adjusted by way of monitoring voltage waveform at measurement initial stage,
To change irradiation light intensity, and then voltage waveform is made to meet testing conditions, eliminates influence of the external interference to measurement result.
Specifically, pulse measurement device is monitored initial continuous several voltage waveforms after forming voltage waveform,
Judge whether to meet testing conditions, testing conditions specifically: the crest value and valley value of voltage waveform are in predeterminated voltage amplitude
Within section, and the difference of crest value and valley value is greater than predeterminated voltage difference.If voltage waveform is unsatisfactory for testing conditions,
Step 1406 is executed, initial current intensity is adjusted according to predetermined current intensity magnitude, obtains and adjusts current strength；If electric
Corrugating meets condition, thens follow the steps 1407 pairs of voltage waveforms and carries out bandpass filter wave.
Example, for aforementioned model device, more appropriate testing conditions are as follows: predeterminated voltage amplitude section is
The closed interval of 0V to 3.3V, predeterminated voltage difference are equal to 0.5V.By taking the initial current intensity 10mA selected in step 1401 as an example,
If voltage waveform crest value is 3.9V, valley value 0.6V, then since crest value exceeds the 3.3V upper limit, which is unsatisfactory for
Testing conditions；If voltage waveform crest value is 2.9V, valley value 2.7V, then since the difference of crest value and valley value is less than
0.5V, the voltage waveform are equally unsatisfactory for testing conditions.
1406, initial current intensity is adjusted according to predetermined current intensity magnitude.
Specifically, if the crest value and/or valley value of voltage waveform exceed predeterminated voltage amplitude section, according to default electricity
Intensity of flow magnitude reduces initial current intensity, presets if the difference between the crest value and valley value of voltage waveform is less than or equal to
Voltage difference then improves initial current intensity according to predetermined current intensity magnitude.For example, when crest value is 3.9V, valley value is
When 0.6V, since crest value exceeds the 3.3V upper limit, it is therefore desirable to reduce initial current intensity；When crest value is 2.9V, valley value
When for 2.7V, since the difference between crest value and valley value is less than predeterminated voltage difference 0.5V, it is therefore desirable to improve initial electricity
Intensity of flow.
When initial current intensity is adjusted, can be gradually adjusted based on preset current strength magnitude, example
Current strength as increased or decreased 1mA every time, repeats step 1402 to step 1405 after adjustment, judges according to adjusting
Whether the voltage waveform that current strength generates meets testing conditions, if being unsatisfactory for thening follow the steps 1406, improves or drops again
The current strength of low 1mA, repeatedly until voltage waveform meets testing conditions.
In the present embodiment, since user is continuously in motion state, the distance between human body and pulse measurement device warp
It often changes, to eliminate influence of this variation to measurement result accuracy, pulse measurement device can be in pulses measure
Persistently voltage waveform is monitored in whole process, when discovery is unsatisfactory for the voltage waveform of testing conditions, in time to electric current
Intensity is adjusted.
1407, bandpass filtering is carried out to voltage waveform according to pre-set frequency band section.
After voltage waveform meets testing conditions, this step is executed, bandpass filtering is carried out to voltage waveform.With step
1406 purpose is different, and the purpose of bandpass filtering is to have rejected the basis of external disturbance in step 1406 in this step
On, the noise frequency that the factors such as device noise generate further is rejected, to filter out frequency caused by human pulse bounce
Value.Wherein, the endpoint frequency values in pre-set frequency band section are derived from by preset pulse the number of minutes endpoint value.As previously mentioned, doctor
The range for learning human pulse the number of minutes in meaning is under 40/under minute to 220/minute, and corresponding frequency values range is 0.67Hz
To 3.67Hz, bandpass filtering is carried out to voltage waveform using the frequency range of 0.67Hz to 3.67Hz as pre-set frequency band section, such as
The frequency values of fruit voltage waveform exceed this range, then it is assumed that the frequency values are not frequencies produced by human pulse is beated, and need to lead to
Bandpass filtering is crossed to give up it.For example, the maximum frequency values in voltage waveform corresponding spectrum are 4.5Hz, due to the frequency
Value has exceeded the frequency range of 0.67Hz to 3.67Hz, therefore gives up to the frequency values.
In a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, it is the accuracy rate for improving screening human pulse bounce, can carrying out
A lesser pre-set frequency band section is selected when bandpass filtering, if filtered voltage waveform does not meet measuring condition, root
Range is carried out to pre-set frequency band section according to pre-set frequency band adjustment magnitude and expands adjustment, and according to frequency band section adjusted to voltage
Waveform carries out secondary filtering, until voltage waveform coincidence measurement condition or until abandoning voltage waveform.For example, first selected 55
Under/minute to 180 under/minute corresponding frequency band section 0.92Hz to 3Hz is filtered voltage waveform, if filtered electricity
Corrugating does not meet measuring condition, then further expansion frequency band section, select 50 under/minute to 200 under/minute corresponding frequency band
Section 0.83Hz to 3.3Hz carries out secondary filtering to voltage waveform, if filtered voltage waveform does not meet measuring condition still,
Then further expansion frequency band section, under selecting 40/minute to 220 under/minute is frequency band section 0.67Hz to 3.67Hz pairs corresponding
Voltage waveform is filtered again, if filtered voltage waveform coincidence measurement condition, thens follow the steps 1408, if filtering
Voltage wave pictograph afterwards does not meet measuring condition still, then abandons the voltage waveform.
The above specific section numerical value is only example purposes of discussion, frequency used in first time bandpass filtering in practical application
Band section can also further reduce be 60 under/minute to 170 under/minute corresponding frequency band section, under even 70/minute extremely
Under 150/minute corresponding frequency band section, the present embodiment is without limitation.
During above-mentioned bandpass filtering, as filtering is defined, whether He Ge measuring condition is specially following any one
The combination of kind condition or at least two conditions:
A, between every two neighboring voltage waveform time interval mean square deviation, less than the first preset threshold.
In practical application, the first preset threshold can be set to the 10% of time interval mean value, such as 5 time intervals point
Wei not be 1 second, 2 seconds, 3 seconds, 4 seconds and 5 seconds, then time interval mean value is 3 seconds, and the first preset threshold is 0.3 second, and mean square deviation is
1.41.Since mean square deviation is greater than the first preset threshold, so the time interval of voltage waveform does not meet measuring condition.
B, the mean square deviation of each voltage waveform crest value is less than the second preset threshold, and the mean square deviation of each voltage waveform valley value
Less than third predetermined threshold value.
In practical application, the 15% of wave crest mean value can be set by the second preset threshold, set wave for third predetermined threshold value
The 15% of paddy mean value, such as the wave crest average amplitude of 10 continuous voltage waveforms is 2.5V, the second preset threshold is 0.375V,
Variance is 0.4.Since mean square deviation is greater than the second preset threshold, so voltage waveform does not meet measuring condition.For another example 10 companies
The trough average amplitude of continuous voltage waveform is 1V, third predetermined threshold value 0.15V, mean square deviation 0.1.Since mean square deviation is less than
Three preset thresholds, so voltage waveform coincidence measurement condition.
C, the corresponding frequency domain highest point of voltage waveform is located within pre-set frequency band section.
For a voltage waveform, the maximum frequency values corresponded in frequency domain are frequency domain highest point, if the frequency
Domain highest point be located at such as 0.67Hz to 3.67Hz in the range of (i.e. under pulse the number of minutes 40/minute to 220 under/minute is corresponding
Frequency range in), then it is assumed that voltage waveform coincidence measurement condition.
In the present embodiment, above-mentioned measuring condition a, b and c respectively from waveform interval, waveforms amplitude and waveform frequency most
Three aspects of high point propose foundation to the screening of voltage waveform, thus keep the form of the voltage waveform filtered out relatively average,
The rule for meeting normal human's beat pulse is suitable for that subsequent pulse counting uses.
1408, frequency domain conversion is carried out to voltage waveform.
After voltage waveform coincidence measurement condition after bandpass filtering, so that it may start to carry out sphygmometer according to voltage waveform
Number.Specifically, voltage waveform is converted to frequency-domain spectrum first, the frequency spectrum is by multiple set of frequency values at example, with one
For a voltage waveform, the frequency spectrum of voltage waveform is as shown in figure 15, and wherein horizontal axis is time shaft, and the longitudinal axis is frequency axis.
1409, the corresponding frequency domain highest point of voltage waveform is determined as fundamental frequency.
Example, in voltage waveform frequency spectrum shown in fig.15, frequency domain highest point 2.6Hz is determined as fundamental wave frequency
Rate.
Since voltage waveform successively generates, the frequency spectrum after conversion includes that multiple continuous voltage waveforms are corresponding
Frequency spectrum.When determining frequency domain highest point, the foundation for defining frequency domain is the sample frequency of pulse measurement device.For example, such as
The every 500ms of fruit pulse measurement device determines a fundamental frequency, then sample the frequency domain that is based on be previous sampling instant extremely
Frequency spectrum composed by all frequencies between this sampling instant, pulse measurement device are looked in the corresponding frequency spectrum in sampling instant interval
It is determined as fundamental frequency to maximum frequency point, and by the Frequency point.
1410, fundamental frequency is converted into the number of minutes, obtains Pulse Rate.
Example, when fundamental frequency is 2.6Hz, obtained under pulse the number of minutes 156 with 2.6Hz multiplied by 60 seconds/point
Clock.
In the present embodiment, pulse measurement device periodically carries out pulse counting, sphygmometer according to default unit interval
Number is counted using the default interior voltage waveform acquired of N times of unit interval duration before counting the moment, and wherein N is positive whole
Number.Such as pulse measurement device, every the pulse the number of minutes of output in one second, which is based on preceding 8 seconds voltage waveforms
What corresponding frequency spectrum was calculated.In addition, pulse measurement device can also be in output pulse the number of minutes every time, synchronism output root
Add up average pulse the number of minutes that pulse the number of minutes is calculated according to history.
It in a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, is the accuracy for further increasing pulse counting, it is true in step 1409
After determining fundamental frequency, pulse measurement device can also carry out adding window amplification according to neighborhood of the small wave operator to fundamental frequency, then
Step 1410 is executed, the number of minutes conversion is carried out according to the amplified fundamental frequency of neighborhood, from there through the side of refining data granularity
Formula improves the accuracy calculated.
Finally, pulse measurement device passes through the transmission modes such as WI-FI, bluetooth in an application scenarios of the present embodiment
The count results of pulse are sent to applications client, human-computer interaction interface of the applications client according to count results in the application
Upper drafting pulse figure, or count results are reported to network side.Example, the sphygmogram that applications client is drawn is shaped like figure
Shown in 12, pulse measurement device is updated once every second pulse the number of minutes.
The method of measurement pulse provided in this embodiment, in addition to that can pass through in the case where user movement is unrestricted
LED pipe irradiation measures human pulse outer, additionally it is possible to excitation in such a way that waveform is fed back in light source irradiation process
The current strength of LED pipe is adjusted, and to reject influence of the external interference to voltage waveform, and then guarantees the accurate of count results
Property.Secondly, the method for measurement pulse provided in this embodiment can also be according to electricity with the beat pulse range of human normal
Corrugating is filtered, so that influence of the abatement device noise to count results, further increases the accuracy of count results.Most
Afterwards, the method for measurement pulse provided in this embodiment can also be before calculating target the number of minutes according to fundamental frequency, according to small echo
Operator carries out adding window amplification to the neighborhood of fundamental frequency, and the accuracy of calculating is improved by way of refining data granularity.
Through the above description of the embodiments, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can borrow
Help software that the mode of required common hardware is added to realize, naturally it is also possible to which the former is more preferably by hardware, but in many cases
Embodiment.Based on this understanding, the portion that technical solution of the present invention substantially in other words contributes to the prior art
Dividing can be embodied in the form of software products, which stores in a readable storage medium, such as count
The floppy disk of calculation machine, hard disk or CD etc., including some instructions are used so that computer equipment (it can be personal computer,
Server or the network equipment etc.) execute method described in each embodiment of the present invention.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
Those familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can easily think of the change or the replacement, and should all contain
Lid is within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (19)
1. a kind of pulse measurement device characterized by comprising
Control circuit for selecting selection initial current intensity in section in predetermined current intensity, and connects according to photosensitive receiving tube
The initial current intensity is adjusted in the strong and weak variation for receiving reflection light, obtains and adjusts current strength, to guarantee pair
Pulse measures；
Light source, the intensity of illumination for being excited with the adjusting current strength obtained according to the control circuit is to human skin
Carry out light source irradiation；
Photosensitive receiving tube, for receiving the reflection light of the human skin；
Conversion circuit, for the received reflection light of the photosensitive receiving tube to be converted to voltage waveform；
Processor, the voltage waveform for being converted according to the conversion circuit carry out pulse counting；
Fixation member, for described device to be fixed on the position away from human skin preset distance, wherein the fixation member is extremely
It less include that bolt type fixation member or stent-type fixation member, described device are fixed to roof by bolt type fixation member,
Or described device is fixed on level table by stent-type fixation member.
2. pulse measurement device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the light source is used for according to the control electricity
Before the intensity of illumination for the adjusting current strength excitation that road obtains carries out light source irradiation to human skin, according to the control
The intensity of illumination of the initial current intensity excitation of circuit selection carries out light source irradiation to human skin.
3. pulse measurement device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the processor is used in the conversion circuit
After the reflection light is converted to voltage waveform, monitor whether the voltage waveform meets testing conditions, the detector bar
Part is within predeterminated voltage amplitude section for the crest value and valley value of voltage waveform, and the difference of crest value and valley value
Greater than predeterminated voltage difference；
The control circuit, for when the processor monitors the voltage waveform and is unsatisfactory for the testing conditions, according to pre-
If current strength magnitude is adjusted the initial current intensity, obtains and adjust current strength.
4. pulse measurement device according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described device further include:
Filter circuit, for being monitored after the voltage waveform meets the testing conditions in the processor, according to default frequency
Bandpass filtering, the endpoint frequency in the pre-set frequency band section are carried out to the voltage waveform that the conversion circuit is converted with section
Value is derived from by preset pulse the number of minutes endpoint value.
5. pulse measurement device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the processor includes:
Frequency domain converting unit, for carrying out frequency domain conversion to the voltage waveform；
Determination unit, for determining the corresponding frequency domain highest point of voltage waveform described after frequency domain converting unit frequency domain conversion
For fundamental frequency；
Date Conversion Unit, the fundamental frequency for determining the determination unit are converted to the number of minutes, obtain Pulse Rate.
6. pulse measurement device according to any one of claim 1 to 5, which is characterized in that the light source is luminous two
Pole pipe (LED), the light emitting diode are set to around the photosensitive receiving tube, and the photosensitive receiving tube is closed and is surrounded.
7. pulse measurement device according to any one of claim 1 to 5, which is characterized in that the irradiation side of the light source
It is arranged in the same direction to the light receiver direction with the photosensitive receiving tube and towards human skin.
8. pulse measurement device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the fixation member is band-shaped joint member, is used
It is bundled on human body in by described device.
9. a kind of sphygmus measurement system, which is characterized in that the system comprises: applications client and claim 1 to right are wanted
Pulse measurement device described in asking any one of 8；
The pulse measurement device is also used to for count results to be sent to the applications client；
The applications client, the count results sent for receiving the pulse measurement device, is tied according to the counting
Fruit draws pulse figure in human-computer interaction interface, or the count results are reported to network side.
10. a kind of method for measuring pulse, is applied to pulse measurement device, the pulse measurement device includes at least fixed part
Part, the fixation member is used to described device being fixed on the position away from human skin preset distance, wherein the fixation member
Room is fixed to by bolt type fixation member including at least bolt type fixation member or stent-type fixation member, described device
Top or described device by stent-type fixation member are fixed on level table, which is characterized in that the described method includes:
Selection initial current intensity in section is selected in predetermined current intensity, and the strong of reflection light is received according to photosensitive receiving tube
The initial current intensity is adjusted in weak variation, obtains and adjusts current strength, to guarantee to measure pulse；
The intensity of illumination of the adjusting current strength excitation obtained according to control circuit carries out light source irradiation to human skin；
Receive the reflection light of the human skin；
The reflection light is converted into voltage waveform；
Pulse counting is carried out according to the voltage waveform.
11. the method for measurement pulse according to claim 10, which is characterized in that is obtained according to the control circuit
Before the intensity of illumination for adjusting current strength excitation carries out light source irradiation to human skin, the method also includes:
Light source irradiation is carried out to human skin with the intensity of illumination excited according to the initial current intensity.
12. the method for measurement pulse according to claim 11, it is characterised in that receive reflected light according to photosensitive receiving tube
The initial current intensity is adjusted in the strong and weak variation of line, obtains adjusting current strength and includes:
Monitor whether the voltage waveform meets testing conditions, the testing conditions are at the crest value and valley value of voltage waveform
Within predeterminated voltage amplitude section, and the difference of crest value and valley value is greater than predeterminated voltage difference；
If the voltage waveform is unsatisfactory for the testing conditions, according to predetermined current intensity magnitude to the initial current intensity
It is adjusted, obtains and adjust current strength.
13. the method for measurement pulse according to claim 12, which is characterized in that described according to predetermined current intensity magnitude
The step of initial current intensity is adjusted, comprising:
If the crest value and/or valley value of the voltage waveform exceed predeterminated voltage amplitude section, according to described default
Current strength magnitude reduces the initial current intensity；
If the difference between the crest value and valley value of the voltage waveform is less than or equal to the predeterminated voltage difference, according to
The predetermined current intensity magnitude improves the initial current intensity.
14. the method for measurement pulse according to claim 12, which is characterized in that meet the inspection in the voltage waveform
After survey condition, the method further includes:
Bandpass filtering carried out to the voltage waveform according to pre-set frequency band section, the endpoint frequency values in the pre-set frequency band section by
Preset pulse the number of minutes endpoint value is derived from.
15. the method for measurement pulse according to claim 14, which is characterized in that described according to pre-set frequency band section pair
After the voltage waveform carries out the step of bandpass filtering, the method further includes:
Judge whether the voltage waveform meets measuring condition, show that judging result, the measuring condition include following any one
The combination of kind condition or at least two conditions:
A, between every two neighboring voltage waveform the mean square deviation of time interval less than the first preset threshold；
B, the mean square deviation of each voltage waveform crest value is less than the second preset threshold, and the mean square deviation of each voltage waveform valley value is less than
Third predetermined threshold value；
C, the corresponding frequency domain highest point of voltage waveform is located within the pre-set frequency band section；
If the voltage waveform is unsatisfactory for the measuring condition, magnitude is adjusted to the pre-set frequency band section according to pre-set frequency band
It carries out range and expands adjustment, obtain adjusting frequency band section；
Bandpass filtering is carried out again to the voltage waveform according to the adjusting frequency band section.
16. the method for measurement pulse according to claim 10, which is characterized in that described to be carried out according to the voltage waveform
The step of pulse counting, comprising:
Frequency domain conversion is carried out to the voltage waveform；
The corresponding frequency domain highest point of the voltage waveform is determined as fundamental frequency；
The fundamental frequency is converted into the number of minutes, obtains Pulse Rate.
17. the method for measurement pulse according to claim 16, which is characterized in that convert the fundamental frequency described
Before the step of for the number of minutes, the method further includes:
Adding window amplification is carried out according to neighborhood of the small wave operator to the fundamental frequency；
The described the step of fundamental frequency is converted to the number of minutes includes:
The number of minutes conversion is carried out according to the amplified fundamental frequency of neighborhood.
18. the method for measurement pulse according to claim 10, which is characterized in that described to be carried out according to the voltage waveform
Pulse counting includes:
Pulse counting is periodically carried out according to default unit interval, the pulse counting uses described default before the counting moment
The voltage waveform acquired in the duration of N times of unit interval is counted, and wherein N is positive integer.
19. the method for pulse is measured described in any one of 0 to 18 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described according to institute
After stating the step of voltage waveform carries out pulse counting, the method further includes:
Count results are sent to applications client in real time, so that the applications client is according to the count results man-machine
Pulse figure is drawn in interactive interface, or the count results are reported to network side.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310628125.4A CN104665802B (en) | 2013-11-28 | 2013-11-28 | Pulse measurement device, system and the method for measuring pulse |
| PCT/CN2014/090037 WO2015078266A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 | 2014-10-31 | Apparatus, system and method for measuring pulse |
| HK15107676.9A HK1206959A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 | 2015-08-10 | Apparatus, system and method for measuring pulse |
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| WO2017113152A1 (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2017-07-06 | 天彩电子（深圳）有限公司 | Heart rate measurement method based on plurality of groups of light sources and wearable device for implementing method |
| CN110464321A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2019-11-19 | 北京动亮健康科技有限公司 | A kind of mass analysis method of arterial pulse waveform, device and system |
| CN112057057B (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2022-04-26 | 上海掌门科技有限公司 | Method and apparatus for adjusting pulse measurement device and measuring pulse signal |
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