CN104655515A - Method for measuring wet spraying resilient rate of primary lining concrete in tunnel construction - Google Patents
Method for measuring wet spraying resilient rate of primary lining concrete in tunnel construction Download PDFInfo
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- CN104655515A CN104655515A CN201510079858.6A CN201510079858A CN104655515A CN 104655515 A CN104655515 A CN 104655515A CN 201510079858 A CN201510079858 A CN 201510079858A CN 104655515 A CN104655515 A CN 104655515A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring the wet spraying resilient rate of primary lining concrete in tunnel construction. The method concretely comprises the following steps: 1. sampling, namely, carrying out a wet shotcreting test, and carrying out random sampling on the sprayed concrete, wherein the three types of samples comprise ejection substance, bounce substance and solid and adhesive substance, and each type of samples comprise at least three samples; 2. washing and screening, namely, screening out all fine material in the concrete; 3. weighing, namely, weighing the masses of all the samples, working out the average value of the masses of the samples, and taking the average value as the mass of the corresponding sample to obtain the masses of the ejection substance, the bounce substance and the solid and adhesive substance; and 4. calculating the resilient rate. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that simple and convenient effects are achieved, the time is short, the operation is easy and the efficiency is high; the measurement accuracy of the resilient rate of the sprayed concrete is high; according to the measured resilient rate, the best spraying air pressure and distance can be determined, so that the construction quality is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tunnel lining-up to build, be specifically related to the assay method of just lining concrete spraying rebound degree in a kind of constructing tunnel.
Background technology
Along with the quick growth of China's communications and transportation, vcehicular tunnel is built and is achieved fast development.According to incompletely statistics, current China builds more than 1700 seat vcehicular tunnels, and total length is more than 600Km, and long more than the 1000m in tunnel has more than 40.Building lining cutting is critical process in constructing tunnel, builds, concrete pumping from concrete with regard to topotype, develops into the flexible lining adopting sprayed concrete.In rear a kind of mode, sprayed concrete equipment can will press the concrete of mix-design with the ejection of certain speed, and the gross mass of ejecta equals concrete springback quality and the actual concrete quality sum sticked on country rock.Need in construction to take suitable construction method, reduce rebound degree as much as possible, improve the concrete quality of actual adhesion.Rebound degree is relevant with the proportioning of spray regime, jet length, air pressure, injection, the full-size of aggregate and jet thickness etc., and in practice of construction, major influence factors has air pressure and jet length.The too high concrete springback amount that will cause of blast increases, and causes the waste of resource; The too low compactness that will reduce again spray-up of blast, reduces construction quality.Along with the increase of jet length, by the Involving velocity of air, diffusion area is also increasing gradually, adds the impact of air resistance, has a large amount of concrete and does not also arrive country rock and just fall; Jet length is too small, can increase concrete springback capacity again.Concrete vertically sprays on large plate by tradition rebound degree measuring method, lays the accepted things such as Polypropylence Sheet below, by the quality of junk divided by concrete quality sum in junk quality and large plate, i.e. and rebound degree under operating mode for this reason.Not only process is loaded down with trivial details, workload is large for this classic method, the time is long, but also easily occurs larger operate miss, have impact on rebound degree and measures accuracy.Therefore, study a kind of efficient and convenient, that test period is short, precision is high rebound degree assay method to be necessary.
Summary of the invention
The process existed for traditional rebound degree assay method is loaded down with trivial details, the time is long, the problem that precision is not high, the present invention proposes the assay method of just lining concrete spraying rebound degree in a kind of constructing tunnel.
For solving the problem, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Just serve as a contrast an assay method for concrete spraying rebound degree in constructing tunnel, specifically comprise the steps:
Step 1: sampling
Step 1.1, carries out wet shotcreting test;
Step 1.2, carries out grab sample to sprayed concrete; Sampling kind is ejecta, resilience thing and real sticky thing three class sample; Each class sample is no less than 3;
Step 2: rinse screening
Carry out flushing screening to each sample, sieve removes the whole fineves in concrete;
Step 3: weigh
Weigh the quality of each sample; Ask for the quality of sample quality mean value as counter sample, thus obtain the quality of ejecta, resilience thing and real sticky thing;
Step 4: calculate rebound degree
Formula 5 is utilized to calculate content of coarse aggregate number percent in concrete:
Wherein, q
stonefor the number percent of ejecta medium stone content;
for ejecta quality;
for the surface drying quality of coarse aggregate in ejecta;
Utilize formula 6, formula 7 calculate resilience thing respectively and content of coarse aggregate number percent in real sticky thing:
Wherein, q
stone 1for the number percent of resilience thing medium stone content;
for resilience material amount;
for the surface drying quality of coarse aggregate in resilience thing; q
stone 2for the number percent of real sticky thing medium stone content;
for real adhesive material amount;
for the surface drying quality of coarse aggregate in real sticky thing;
Finally, formula 4 is utilized to calculate rebound degree K:
Further, in the wet shotcreting test of described step 11, the concrete of ejection sprays with the speed of 12 ~ 15m/s; Jet thickness is not peeled off with material, not running off is as the criterion.
Further, in the wet shotcreting test of described step 11, the concrete of ejection and wall injection at a right angle, jet length 1 ~ 1.5m.
Further, described step 12 pair sprayed concrete carries out in the process of grab sample, from what be stirred, described ejecta treats that pneumatically placed concrete takes out, often put a defective material and get a sample, fill in turn in people's sample receiver, be poured on the clean flat board of cleaning at every turn, mix, by sample quarterlies to sufficient amount.
Further, the flushing fractionation of described step 2 refers to and is placed in the sieve of 4.75mm by per sample (p.s.), and rinse while sieve with clear water, sieve removes the whole fineves in concrete.
Further, in described step 3, obtained the quality of each sample by saturation plane dry method.
Method And Principle of the present invention is as follows:
If: concrete ejection gross mass is M, and concrete springback quality is M
1it is, actual that to stick to concrete quality on country rock be M
2(hereinafter referred to as real sticky concrete), has following formula:
M
1＝KM (1)
M
2＝M-M
1(2)
In formula, K is the rebound degree of sprayed concrete.
Establish again: the number percent of ejecta, resilience thing and real sticky concrete each component medium stone content is respectively q
stone, q
stone 1, q
stone 2;
Then rubble spray volume is q
stonem, resilience thing medium stone total amount is q
stone 1m
1, real sticky concrete medium stone total amount is q
stone 2m
2so, can following formula be obtained:
Q
stonem=q
stone 1m
1+ q
stone 2m
2(3)
Drawn by formula (1), (2), (3):
Compared with traditional rebound degree assay method, the beneficial effect of method of the present invention is as follows:
1, measuring method is simple, convenient, the time is short, and be easy to operation, efficiency is high;
2, rebound of shotcrete rate measuring accuracy is high;
3, best injection air pressure and distance can be determined by measuring rebound degree, can construction quality be improved;
4, be conducive to saving resource, cut the waste.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is rebound degree assay method process flow diagram of the present invention.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, further explanation is explained to the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment
1. sample
1.1 instrument tool and materials
(1) spade.
(2) manual manipulation.
(3) metal sample container.
(4) electronic platform scale, range 50kg.
(5) other: label etc.
1.2 sampling method
(1) quantity of sampling quantity
Quantity of sampling quantity should be no less than 4 times of test consumption.
To gather materials nominal maximum particle diameter according to sprayed concrete, test consumption should be no less than following requirements:
Particulate formula sprayed concrete (nominal maximum aggregate size 9.5mm), is no less than 4kg;
Middle grain formula sprayed concrete (nominal maximum aggregate size 16 ~ 19mm), is no less than 4kg;
(2) sampling method
Grab sample is carried out to sprayed concrete, and there is sufficient representativeness.Owing to being added with accelerating chemicals in sprayed concrete, ejecta, resilience thing and real sticky thing all should before concrete setting fast sampling.Sampling sample is no less than 3, asks for mass average value
Wet-spraying machine ejecta samples: what be certainly stirred treats that pneumatically placed concrete takes out, and should be contained in special container below mixer discharge port, often puts a defective material and gets a sample, fill in turn in people's sample receiver, be poured on the clean flat board of cleaning at every turn, mix, by sample quarterlies to sufficient amount.
Resilience concrete samples: the sampling of resilience thing has considerable influence to test findings, the concrete fallen got carefully by application manual manipulation, follows the principle of " thick place gets more, thin except getting less ", careful resolution, the foreign material such as the rubble that can not be scattered in ground are mistaken for resilience thing and take away; If there is ponding on ground, should before the test ponding be cleaned out.
Real sticky concrete sampling: the actual concrete sticked on country rock (or large plate) is collected at together, adds the impact of accelerating chemicals, is easy to condense into block.Should collect by rapid manual manipulation, note samples' representativeness simultaneously.
2, screening is rinsed
2.1 instrument tool and materials
(1) manual manipulation.
(2) sieve, sieve aperture is 4.75mm.
2.2 rinse screening
Sample is placed in the sieve of 4.75mm, rinses with clear water immediately, rinse and sieve, to sieve the whole fineves in concrete.
3, weigh (saturation plane dry method)
3.1 instrument tool and materials
(1) balance: range should meet sample and weigh requirement, and sensibility reciprocal is not more than 0.05% of maximum capacity.
(2) towel: textile system, clean, also can replace with textile undershirt cloth.
(3) water container (as enamel tray).
(4) other: brush etc.
3.2 tests prepare
(1) will screen out the sample of fine aggregate, with inquartation or the division of tripper method to the quality required, points two parts are for subsequent use, to different size gather materials measure respectively time, must not mix, the every a aggregate sample of getting should keep original grating.
(2) after division, 1kg should not be less than for the minimum mass of the every a rubble measured.
(3) every a aggregate sample is immersed in water, and suitably stirs, carefully wash away the dust and stone flour that are attached to surface of aggregate, through repeatedly rinsed clean to water is completely limpid.Must not be scattered and disappeared in cleaning process aggregate particle.
3.3 test procedure
(1) rubble after flushing is poured on the wet towel wrung out, siphons away the free water from middle outflow of gathering materials with towel.This step need must not pay special attention to has particle to lose.Dry the surface water of aggregate particle again with the wet towel wrung out gently, can't see shinny water mark to surface, be saturated dry surface.When coarse aggregate size is larger, should, by dry, notes thicker coarse aggregate, not put forth one's strength very much when twisting wet towel, prevent from twisting too dry; To thinner coarse aggregate, towel can be twisted slightly more dry.When wiping the surface water of particle, surface water should be wiped, by the water sucking-off of granule interior, in whole process, can not must not have loss of gathering materials again, and must not gather materials of having dried continue to place in atmosphere, to prevent drying of gathering materials.
(2) immediately under maintenance dry face state, the surface drying quality of gathering materials is taken
4, calculate
Content of coarse aggregate number percent in concrete:
Wherein, q
stonefor the number percent of ejecta medium stone content;
for ejecta quality;
for the surface drying quality of coarse aggregate in ejecta;
Materials in resilience thing and real sticky concrete, same method records q
stone 1, q
stone 2.
Wherein, q
stone 1for the number percent of resilience thing medium stone content;
for resilience material amount;
for the surface drying quality of coarse aggregate in resilience thing; q
stone 2for the number percent of real sticky thing medium stone content;
for real adhesive material amount;
for the surface drying quality of coarse aggregate in real sticky thing;
Then formula (4) is used to calculate rebound degree K.
5, points for attention
The concrete sprayed in 5.1 nozzles with suitable impact velocity, should be determined through test, is advisable with 12 ~ 15m/s, injection at a right angle with wall.During nozzle bevel, can damage the concrete parts sprayed, resilience and peeling off also can increase.According to having experience, jet length is advisable with 1 ~ 1.5m.
5.2 1 times jet thickness should not peeled off with material, and not running off is as the criterion.
5.3 when feeding, and whether should be noted that the distribution of the different parts of varigrained component in real sticky concrete and resilience deposit, thus sampling representative, is the key factor affecting measuring result error size.
6, parallel experiment permissible error
The tolerance of parallel experiment, the difference of twice test findings must not more than 2% compared to relative mass.
Claims (6)
1. just serve as a contrast an assay method for concrete spraying rebound degree in constructing tunnel, it is characterized in that, specifically comprise the steps:
Step 1: sampling
Step 11, carries out wet shotcreting test;
Step 12, carries out grab sample to sprayed concrete; Sampling kind is ejecta, resilience thing and real sticky thing three class sample; Each class sample is no less than 3;
Step 2: rinse screening
Carry out flushing screening to each sample, sieve removes the whole fineves in concrete;
Step 3: weigh
Weigh the quality of each sample; Ask for the quality of sample quality mean value as counter sample, thus obtain the quality of ejecta, resilience thing and real sticky thing;
Step 4: calculate rebound degree
Formula 5 is utilized to calculate content of coarse aggregate number percent in concrete:
Wherein, q
stonefor the number percent of ejecta medium stone content;
for ejecta quality;
for the surface drying quality of coarse aggregate in ejecta;
Utilize formula 6, formula 7 calculate resilience thing respectively and content of coarse aggregate number percent in real sticky thing:
Wherein, q
stone 1for the number percent of resilience thing medium stone content;
for resilience material amount;
for the surface drying quality of coarse aggregate in resilience thing; q
stone 2for the number percent of real sticky thing medium stone content;
for real adhesive material amount;
for the surface drying quality of coarse aggregate in real sticky thing;
Finally, formula 4 is utilized to calculate rebound degree K:
2. just serve as a contrast the assay method of concrete spraying rebound degree in constructing tunnel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the wet shotcreting test of described step 11, the concrete of ejection sprays with the speed of 12 ~ 15m/s; Jet thickness is not peeled off with material, not running off is as the criterion.
3. just serve as a contrast the assay method of concrete spraying rebound degree in constructing tunnel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the wet shotcreting test of described step 11, the concrete of ejection and wall injection at a right angle, jet length 1 ~ 1.5m.
4. in constructing tunnel as claimed in claim 1, just serve as a contrast the assay method of concrete spraying rebound degree, it is characterized in that, described step 12 pair sprayed concrete carries out in the process of grab sample, from what be stirred, described ejecta treats that pneumatically placed concrete takes out, often put a defective material and get a sample, fill in people's sample receiver in turn, be poured on the clean flat board of cleaning at every turn, mix, by sample quarterlies to sufficient amount.
5. in constructing tunnel as claimed in claim 1, just serve as a contrast the assay method of concrete spraying rebound degree, it is characterized in that, the flushing fractionation of described step 2 refers to and is placed in the sieve of 4.75mm by per sample (p.s.), and rinse while sieve with clear water, sieve removes the whole fineves in concrete.
6. just serve as a contrast the assay method of concrete spraying rebound degree in constructing tunnel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 3, obtained the quality of each sample by saturation plane dry method.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN106814003A (en) * | 2017-01-26 | 2017-06-09 | 辽宁省水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of method of rebound of shotcrete rate experiment |
| WO2020042424A1 (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2020-03-05 | 山东科技大学 | Concrete single-particle aggregate feeding injector |
| CN116306190A (en) * | 2023-05-16 | 2023-06-23 | 深圳大学 | Sprayed concrete rebound rate control method, terminal and storage medium |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2020042424A1 (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2020-03-05 | 山东科技大学 | Concrete single-particle aggregate feeding injector |
| CN116306190A (en) * | 2023-05-16 | 2023-06-23 | 深圳大学 | Sprayed concrete rebound rate control method, terminal and storage medium |
| CN116306190B (en) * | 2023-05-16 | 2023-09-05 | 深圳大学 | Sprayed concrete rebound rate control method, terminal and storage medium |
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Application publication date: 20150527 |
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