CN104651502A - SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) molecular marker combination for identifying genetic relationship of Chinese Simmental - Google Patents
SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) molecular marker combination for identifying genetic relationship of Chinese Simmental Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) molecular marker combination for identifying the genetic relationship of Chinese Simmental. The marker combination contains 50 SNP markers distributed on 25 autosomes, wherein the average distance between adjacent SNP markers on the same autosome is 27M. The average values of the minor allele frequency (MAF), expected heterozygosity (HExp) and polymorphism information content (PIC) of the marker combination are 0.4818, 0.4998 and 0.3748 respectively; and when the genotype of the female parent is unknown, the accumulative exclusion probability is 0.9989. The SNP marker combination provided by the invention can be applied to complete and accurate pedigree identification of the Chinese Simmental, can improve the breeding accuracy of the Chinese Simmental and accelerate the genetic progress, and has good application prospect and economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to molecular genetics field, relate to SNP marker combination and the application thereof of Chinese Simmental Relationship iden-tification.
Background technology
Pedigree information has important effect in ox breeding.The pedigree of mistake can reduce Genetic Evaluation accuracy greatly, affects the effect of seed selection and selective pairing, reduces the genetic progress of colony, carrys out tremendous economic impact to cowboying industrial belt.But, in actual breeding production, pedigree record mistake is unavoidable, it is by various factors, as record of breeding, calving record, pedigree typing and the mistake in arranging etc., especially raising extensive formula of raising scattered pasture, be difficult to determine father even parents after calf birth, often cause pedigree mistake.The average pedigree error rate of whole world various countries cows can reach 11% (Banos etc., 2001), country variant due to feeding manner different with production management situation, also there is some difference for pedigree error rate, but pedigree mistake actual production management in be difficult to avoid completely.Guo Gang etc. (2012) research shows, the pedigree error rate average out to 20.9% of the holstein cows of Beijing area.If occur in actual production according to the pedigree error rate in the world average 11%, can cause inbreeding coefficient, male animal variance and transnational between the estimated value of genetic correlation etc. on the low side.The modeling effort of Israel and weller etc. (2000) shows, if pedigree error rate reaches 10%, supposes that heritability is 0.25, will lose 4.3% in the population genetic progress of 20 Nian Nei Israel beef cattles.In the genetic evaluation process of milk cow, if father's misregistration rate of cow is 11%, population genetic progress will reduce by 11% ~ 15%.The propositions such as Weller, ensure that the genetic progress of annual cows is more than 1%, pedigree error rate need control below 8%.Therefore, complete, accurately pedigree to the production of whole cattle-raising with development very necessary.
Chinese Simmental belongs to large-scale Dual-purpose production of milk and meat kind, is that China introduces Simmental and local cattle the 1950's and breeds through crossbreeding and improvement, locking, expands several stages such as numerous seed selection and cultivate and form.Be the Variety comprehensive of China's beef raising at present, be mainly distributed in the pastoral areas such as the Inner Mongol of China, Xinjiang.Raise because these regional breeding way mostly are extensive style, in breeding process, this friendship of existing bull, has artificial insemination again, in addition human operational error in artificial insemination implementation process, and pedigree error rate is up to about 30%.Therefore, in order to accurately estimate the individual breeding value of Chinese Simmental, obtain maximum genetic progress, the confirmation of sibship is extremely important.
Since the invention of " DNA " fingerprint, assert that parent child relationship comes true, paternity test enters the molecular level stage, mainly comprises DNA fingerprint technology, micro-satellite and SNP method.The more method of current application is micro-satellite method, as ISA (International society forAnimal Genetics) recommends in the world; Tian Fei (2006), Zhang Yi (2009) have carried out building to microsatellite marker paternity test method and perfect respectively.But the type work of sentencing of microsatellite marker is complicated loaded down with trivial details and to sentence the type cycle long.Application Genemapper V4.0 software carries out after gene sentences type, when carrying out gene type according to peak value and clip size, because micro-satellite core sequence exists repeating unit, very easily produce skidding when carrying out pcr amplification, form word peak, mountain, thus disturb allelic judgement.And SNP marker, i.e. single nucleotide polymorphism (single NucleotideP0lymorphism) mark, compared with microsatellite marker, SNP marker has the following advantages:
(1) SNP marker is generally two allelotrope, and the base that only existence two kinds is different on this position, binary form can realize automatization by computer, greatly reduces human factor mistake.Therefore, compared with microsatellite marker, it is simple that SNP marker sentences type, and accuracy is high.
(2) inheritance stability, mutation rate is low, affects little by selection.The mutation probability of SNP is very low, is only l × 10
-9~ 5 × 10
-9(Martinez-Arias etc., 2001), far below 10 of micro-satellite
-4~ 10
-6(Herraez etc., 2005).In addition, the distribution of SNP in individual gene or whole genome is uneven, will more than transcription sequence in non-transcribed sequences, even and if be also the frequency comparatively large (cargill etc., 1999) of nonsynonymous mutation at transcriptional domain.Therefore, no matter in natural selection or the process of artificial selection, the heredity that SNP marker can both be very stable, not by the impact of Selective Pressure.
(3) SNP marker is the heritable variation of two condition, and each SNP marker has 2 allelotrope, and microsatellite marker generally has 5 ~ 20 allelotrope.Therefore, the polymorphism of single SNP marker is lower than microsatellite marker.The probability of exclusion of single SNP marker is generally 0.12, and the probability of exclusion of single microsatellite marker is 0.3 ~ 0.6.But along with the increase of SNP marker number, the accumulative probability of exclusion of SNP marker can meet and exceed the accumulative probability of exclusion of microsatellite marker.
There is no the report utilizing SNP marker to carry out Chinese Simmental Relationship iden-tification at present.Lack pedigree record and extreme difficulties is caused to the quality tracing system promoting Chinese Simmental meat; In addition, need to use pedigree information in the genetic research of ox.Therefore, complete, pedigree is very necessary to whole Chinese Simmental aquaculture development accurately, when physical record cannot ensure exactness, Relationship iden-tification becomes the important step of Chinese Simmental genetic breeding improvement aspect.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the combination of a kind of SNP marker for Chinese Simmental Relationship iden-tification.
The present invention passes through the result data analysis of 938 Chinese Simmental BovineSNP50GenotypingBead Chip chips (purchased from Illumina company), filter out 50 SNP site on 29 euchromosomes, can be used for the SNP marker combination of Chinese Simmental group Relationship iden-tification, it comprises base mutation and the position thereof of 50 marks and each mark.This SNP marker combination distribution is on 25 euchromosomes, and the mean distance of the adjacent S NP on same karyomit(e) is 27M.
SNP marker for Chinese Simmental Relationship iden-tification combination provided by the invention is made up of following 50 SNP marker:
Further, the invention provides other situations of above-mentioned 50 SNP marker, the minimum gene frequency (MAF) of this marker combination, expect heterozygosity (HExp), the mean value of polymorphism information content (PIC) is respectively 0.4818,0.4998,0.3748; Accumulative probability of exclusion is 0.9989.
Specific as follows:
The invention provides the application be combined in qualification Chinese Simmental sibship of above-mentioned 50 SNP marker.
The invention provides the application be combined in the breeding of Chinese Simmental genetic improvement of above-mentioned 50 SNP marker.
The test kit of the combination containing above-mentioned 50 SNP marker belongs to the protection domain of the application.
The present invention also provides a kind of method identifying Chinese Simmental sibship, with the genomic dna of ox to be measured for template, utilizes BovineSNP50Genotyping Bead Chip chip to carry out genotype detection.
Further, in aforesaid method, be the LOD value calculating parent-offspring's index according to the genotype of ox individuality to be measured, the paternity test based on likelihood method is by setting up likelihood function, and the method for application test of hypothesis finds the most seemingly father.Process and method of calculation as follows:
First, the expression formula of likelihood function L under given assumed condition H and filial generation, mother and candidate's parent genotype D known conditions can be expressed as: L (H|D) then, likelihood ratio can be expressed as L (H1, H2|D)=P (D|H1)/P (D|H2).
Wherein, H1: suppose the true father that father is offspring; H2: suppose that father is not the true father of offspring, P (D|H1) is the independent individuals in colony.D is the genotype of a certain site mother, filial generation and hypothesis father, represents the probability of D under null hypothesis condition, and P (D|H2) represents and selected the probability of D under assumed condition.
When likelihood ratio is applied to paternity test, following several situation (Meagher, 1986) can be divided into:
(1), when the genotype become a mother is known, the possibility that mother is filial generation parents with hypothesis father is:
L(H
1|g
m，g
a，g
o)＝T(g
o|g
m，g
a)·P(g
m)·P(g
a)
Wherein, g
a, g
orepresent a specific site mother respectively, suppose the genotype of father and filial generation; T (g
o| g
m, g
a) represent known mother, suppose father's genotype time, the genotype probability that filial generation obtains from father and mother both sides; P (g
a) and P (g
m) represent the genotype frequency supposing father and mother in colony.
(2), when the genotype become a mother is known, mother is the true mother of filial generation, supposes that the possibility that father is random individual is:
L(H
2|g
m，g
a，g
o)＝T(g
o|g
m)·P(g
m)·P(g
a)
Wherein, T (g
a| g
m) represent the genotype probability of the filial generation when maternal gene type is known.
(3) formula (1) removes with the formula (2), must suppose the likelihood ratio of the possibility size that father is true father:
This formula similar to the parent-offspring's index in mankind's paternity test (Pena & Chakaborty, 1994).
(4), during the genotype that becomes a mother the unknown, suppose that the likelihood ratio that father is true father's possibility size is:
Wherein, P (g
o) represent the frequency of progeny genotypes.
Ask natural logarithm value after Meagher etc. (1986) are cumulative by the likelihood ratio in multiple independent site, obtain a value and be designated as LOD value.That is:
LOD＝ln[L(H
1,H
2|g
a,g
o)]＝ln[T(g
o|g
a)/P(g
o)]
Marshall etc. point out the definition of LOD value according to Meagher, and it is identical with the possibility that male random in colony becomes the true father of filial generation that LOD value equals 0 expression hypothesis father; LOD value represents when being less than 0 that hypothesis father can not be the true father of filial generation, this often means that hypothesis father and there is one or more loci gene type between filial generation and do not mate; And LOD represents that hypothesis father is very likely the true father of filial generation, when LOD value is enough large, can determine the sibship between filial generation and father candidate when being greater than 0.
When the LOD value that multiple candidate parent calculates all is greater than 0, so they all likely become the true father of filial generation, and actual true father but only has one.Now, candidate parent can be queued up according to the size of LOD value, the possibility becoming true father having larger LOD value is larger.But sometimes there will be the LOD value approximately equal that some are positive, the difficulty of differentiation is larger.Given this plant situation, Marshall etc. define a statistic △ for paternity test:
Δ＝LOD
max-LOD
sec
Wherein, LOD
maxrepresent the LOD value of the most seemingly parent, LOD
secexpression second is like the LOD value of parent.When only having the LOD value of a candidate parent to be greater than 0, Δ=LOD value; When not having LOD value to be greater than 0, Δ cannot be determined, also just cannot determine whether to have sibship.Carry out paternity test with Δ, the accuracy identified can be ensured.
In the likelihood equation based on formula (2) ~ (4), genotype is not differentiated that error rate adds equation, the success ratio of paternity test may be caused so lower.So Kalinowski etc. (2007) revise above formula, add in equation and sentence this parameter of type mistake.(1), when female genotype is unknown, suppose that father becomes the possibility of true father
L(H
1)＝P(g
a)(1-ε)
2T(g
o|g
a)+ε(1-ε)
2P(g
o)+ε
2P(g
o)}
L(H
2)＝P(g
a){(1-ε)
2P(g
o)+ε(1-ε)
2P(g
o)+ε
2P(g
o)}
(2), when female genotype is known, suppose that father becomes the possibility of true father
L(H
1)＝P(g
m)P(g
a){(1-ε)
3T(g
o|g
m，g
a)+ε(1-ε)
2[T(g
o|g
m)
+T(g
o|g
a)+P(g
o)]+ε
2(1-ε)
3P(g
o)+ε
3P(g
o)}
L(H
2)＝P(g
m)P(g
a){(1-ε)
3T(g
o|g
m)+ε(1-ε)
2[T(g
o|g
m)
+P(g
o)]+ε
2(1-ε)
3P(g
o)+ε
3P(g
o)}.
(3) suppose that maternal and hypothesis male parent becomes the possibility of filial generation parents
L(H
1)＝P(g
am)P(g
a){(1-ε)
3T(go|g
am，g
a)+ε(1-ε)
2[T(g
o|g
am)
+T(g
o|g
a)+P(g
o)]+ε
2(1-ε)
3P(g
o)+ε
3P(g
o)}
L(H
2)＝P(g
am)P(g
a){(1-ε)
3P(g
o)+ε(1-ε)
2P(g
o)
+ε
2(1-ε)
3P(g
o)+ε
3P(g
o)}.
(4) expression formula of likelihood ratio is: L (H
1)/L (H
2), then
LOD＝ln[L(H
1)/L(H
2)]
In above formula, H
1: suppose that father is true father, H
2: suppose that father is for independent individuals.L (H
1), L (H
2) be the likelihood function under assumed condition H.G
ofor progeny genotypes, g
afor supposing the genotype of male parent, g
mfor the genotype of known female parent, g
amfor supposing maternal genotype, T is standard Mendelian transfer probability, and P is genotype probability, and ε is that genotype differentiates error rate.
According to above calculation formula, the LOD value of each candidate parent in all detection site likelihood ratios can be obtained, and can know that candidate parent is the possibility size of the true parent of filial generation, thus can to parent-offspring between sibship judge.
Therefore, the method for qualification Chinese Simmental sibship provided by the invention calculates the LOD value of parent-offspring's index according to the genotype of ox individuality to be measured, according to LOD value qualification Chinese Simmental sibship to be measured.
Further, when LOD value is greater than 0, candidate parent is likely true parental generation, and the individuality that LOD value is the highest is like parent; When LOD value is less than 0, candidate parent can not be true parent.
SNP marker for Chinese Simmental Relationship iden-tification combination provided by the invention comprises 50 SNP marker be distributed on 25 euchromosomes, and on same karyomit(e), the mean distance of adjacent S NP mark is 27M.The minimum gene frequency (MAF) of this marker combination, expect heterozygosity (HExp), the mean value of polymorphism information content (PIC) is respectively 0.4818,0.4998,0.3748; When female genotype is unknown, accumulative probability of exclusion is 0.9989.SNP marker of the present invention combination can be used for that Chinese Simmental is complete, pedigree qualification accurately, can improve Chinese Simmental breeding accuracy, accelerate its genetic progress, have a good application prospect and economic benefit.
Embodiment
Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.Without departing from the spirit and substance of the case in the present invention, the amendment do the inventive method, step or condition or replacement, all belong to scope of the present invention.
If do not specialize, the conventional means that technique means used in embodiment is well known to those skilled in the art.Chemical reagent used in embodiment is commercially available.Chinese Simmental of the present invention is from 23 pastures in Wu Lagai area, the Inner Mongol, and offspring ox totally 959, comprising: 135 that within 2008, are born, 286 that within 2009, are born, 243 that within 2010, are born, 295 that within 2011, are born.Delete the individuality of 21 call rate<95%, the test China west gate tower ox head number finally for this research is 938.
The screening of embodiment 1 Chinese Simmental sibship 50 SNP marker
1, the Chinese Simmental sibship screening of SNP marker of being correlated with
BovineSNP50Genotyping Bead Chip chip (purchased from the Illumina company) SNP marker to 938 Chinese Simmentals is utilized to carry out somatotype.Reference USDA (
http:// cgemm./ouisville.edu/usda/index.html) to SNP marker screening standard, SNP marker is screened: be 1. positioned on euchromosome; 2. minimum gene frequency (MAF) is greater than 0.35; 3. the recall rate (Call rate) of each SNP marker is greater than 0.95; 4. on same karyomit(e), adjacent S NP spacing is greater than 8Mb; For avoiding there is linkage disequilibrium between selected SNP marker, point karyomit(e) screens.Obtain 311 polymorphic SNP site through preliminary screening, the number distribution of SNP site on each karyomit(e) is in table 1.
SNP number on each karyomit(e) of table 1 and the distance between adjacent S NP
Each genetic polymorphism parameter of application CERVUS3.0.3 software statistics 311 SNP, comprises gene frequency, expects heterozygosity, hardy weinberg equilibrium, the accumulative probability of exclusion of Sites Combination and amorphs frequency etc.
311 polymorphic SNP marker of preliminary screening are all containing 2 allelotrope, and individual somatotype success ratio is 0.9967; Except the expectation heterozygosity (HExp) of 5 SNP site (BovineHD1300010959, BovineHD1400005842, BovineHD1300004026, ARS-BFGL-NGS-28020 and BovineHD1300022724) and polymorphism information content (PIC) are significantly lower than mean level (ML), rejected, remained 306 SNP.There are 3 sites (BTB-00614284, BovineHD2500003963 and BovineHD1200025678) not meet hardy weinberg equilibrium, rejected.The mean value of the expectation heterozygosity of residue 303 SNP site is 0.4899; The mean value of polymorphism information content is 0.3713; Minimum gene frequency (MAF) mean value is 0.4372, between 0.4 ~ 0.5.The accumulative probability of exclusion of these 303 SNP marker combinations is 0.99999999999999999, and paternity test effect is high.
2, the foundation of SNP marker Chinese Simmental Relationship iden-tification system
The quantity of SNP marker is larger, and the accuracy of its Relationship iden-tification is higher, but testing cost also can correspondingly increase.In order to reduce testing cost, when meeting paternity test accuracy, the present embodiment is verified by modeling effort with in Chinese Simmental colony, finally determines 50 SNP marker for its Relationship iden-tification.
303 SNP are divided into containing 100 by polymorphism, the sub-combination (it is the highest that the SNP marker contained by each group is polymorphism in 303 SNP) of 80,70,60,50,40,30,20,10.In addition, Stochastic choice 100 from chip data, 80,70,60,50,40,30,20,10 SNP marker carry out simultaneous test.Application CERVUS3.0.3 software carries out the simulated experiment of paternity test, SNP minimal number needed for the degree of confidence estimating to reach 95%.Analog parameter arranges as follows: site somatotype success ratio is 0.9967, and profiling error rate is set to 0.01, and the threshold value of degree of confidence is set to 80% and 95%, and analog submodule is on behalf of 10000, and candidate parent recall rate is set to 100%.Found by modeling effort, under parent-offspring infers that degree of confidence is the level of 95%, the ratio that parent-offspring is inferred reaches 100%, need 40-50 polymorphic SNP site (average expectation heterozygosity is 0.5), if the site of Stochastic choice then needs 70-80 (average expectation heterozygosity is 0.3).
Therefore known by modeling effort, 50 average expectation heterozygosities be 0.5 polymorphic SNP site can reach the desirable combination of paternity test, both ensure that qualification effect was enough high, additionally reduced required SNP number.SNP marker combination (see table 2) that 50 SNP marker are identified as Simmental population genetic relationships has finally been screened in this research.50 SNP marker are distributed on 25 euchromosomes, every bar karyomit(e) there is 1-5 SNP, the mean distance of the adjacent S NP on same karyomit(e) is 27M, effectively avoids the linkage disequilibrium between SNP site, makes each SNP site all play the maximum value of qualification.This SNP combines containing more much higher state property: minimum gene frequency (MAF) is distributed between 0.47-0.49, and mean value is 0.481771; Expect that heterozygosity (HExp) is between 0.49-0.5, mean value is 0.4998; The mean value of polymorphism information content (PIC) is 0.3748; Accumulative probability of exclusion is 99.89%.
The basic situation of table 2 50 SNP marker
The application of embodiment 2 50 SNP marker in authentication in state Simmental sibship
In order to verify that 50 screened SNP marker are combined in actual colony the feasibility and accuracy of carrying out Chinese Simmental parent-offspring deduction, the present embodiment have selected the proof test that the clear and definite combination of the 10 pairs of set memberships is done paternity testing from Chinese Simmental parent-offspring colony.Candidate's male parent of these 10 filial generation oxen (numbering L1-L10) is set to and once bred 17 breeding oxens (numbering S1-S17) for this test colony.
Adopt CERVUS software to carry out sibship to it to infer, the results are shown in Table 3.Concrete L1 individuality of taking comes for example, and 17 candidate male parent LOD arrange from high to low.When LOD value >0 illustrates compared with any individual, candidate parent (Candidate Parent) is most possibly true parent; LOD value <0 illustrates compared with any individual, and candidate parent can not be the true parent of filial generation; LOD value larger candidate parent is that the possibility of true parent is larger.Delta is the statistic for evaluating qualification result confidence level.* represent that parent child relationship is extremely remarkable, degree of confidence is more than 95%; + representing that parent child relationship is comparatively remarkable, degree of confidence is more than 80%;-representing that parent child relationship does not reach remarkable requirement, degree of confidence is 0 ~ 80%.
As can be seen from Table 3, S1 is the true parent of L1, and its LOD value is 9.699129, Delta value is 9.69912, and degree of confidence is more than 95%, and other candidate male parent LOD values are negative value, and S2-S17 candidate parent can not be the true parent of L1.
By the most probable male parent that the combination that 50 SNP marker of the present invention are formed is found, result is all consistent with pedigree record, and degree of confidence reaches 95%, demonstrates SNP provided by the invention and is combined in accuracy in Simmental paternity test and feasibility.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Table 3 paternity test proof test
Note: * represents that parent child relationship is extremely remarkable, and degree of confidence is more than 95%; + representing that parent child relationship is comparatively remarkable, degree of confidence is 80% ~ 95%;-representing that parent child relationship does not reach remarkable requirement, degree of confidence is 0 ~ 80%.
(Continued) table 3 paternity test proof test
Note: * represents that parent child relationship is extremely remarkable, and degree of confidence is more than 95%; + representing that parent child relationship is comparatively remarkable, degree of confidence is 80% ~ 95%;-representing that parent child relationship does not reach remarkable requirement, degree of confidence is 0 ~ 80%.
(Continued) table 3 paternity test proof test
Note: * represents that parent child relationship is extremely remarkable, and degree of confidence is more than 95%; + representing that parent child relationship is comparatively remarkable, degree of confidence is 80% ~ 95%;-representing that parent child relationship does not reach remarkable requirement, degree of confidence is 0 ~ 80%.
(Continued) table 3 paternity test proof test
Note: * represents that parent child relationship is extremely remarkable, and degree of confidence is more than 95%; + representing that parent child relationship is comparatively remarkable, degree of confidence is 80% ~ 95%;-representing that parent child relationship does not reach remarkable requirement, degree of confidence is 0 ~ 80%.
(Continued) table 3 paternity test proof test
Note: * represents that parent child relationship is extremely remarkable, and degree of confidence is more than 95%; + representing that parent child relationship is comparatively remarkable, degree of confidence is 80% ~ 95%;-representing that parent child relationship does not reach remarkable requirement, degree of confidence is 0 ~ 80%.
Claims (6)
1. the SNP marker for Chinese Simmental Relationship iden-tification combines, and it is made up of following 50 SNP marker:
2. molecule marker described in claim 1 is combined in the application in qualification Chinese Simmental sibship.
3. molecule marker described in claim 1 is combined in the application in the breeding of Chinese Simmental genetic improvement.
4. identify a method for Chinese Simmental sibship, it is characterized in that, with the genomic dna of ox to be measured for template, utilize BovineSNP50 Genotyping Bead Chip chip to carry out genotype detection.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, calculates the LOD value of parent-offspring's index according to the genotype of ox individuality to be measured, according to LOD value qualification Chinese Simmental sibship to be measured.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, when LOD value is greater than 0, candidate parent is likely true parental generation, and the individuality that LOD value is the highest is the most seemingly parent; When LOD value is less than 0, candidate parent can not be true parent.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106599612A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-04-26 | 上海阅尔基因技术有限公司 | High-throughput sequencing data-based fingerprint identification method |
| CN110438237A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-11-12 | 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 | SNP site relevant to hind leg, shaven head weight and application on No. 6 chromosomes of meat Simmental |
| CN111269994A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2020-06-12 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for identifying bull variety by using cattle Y chromosome mononucleotide genetic marker |
| CN116555445A (en) * | 2023-06-02 | 2023-08-08 | 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 | SNP molecular marker combination for Hua Xiniu genetic relationship identification, application and identification method |
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- 2015-02-04 CN CN201510058700.0A patent/CN104651502A/en active Pending
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| 郭立平等: "利用微卫星和SNP标记对西门塔尔牛进行亲自推断的研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库.农业科技辑》 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106599612A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-04-26 | 上海阅尔基因技术有限公司 | High-throughput sequencing data-based fingerprint identification method |
| CN111269994A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2020-06-12 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for identifying bull variety by using cattle Y chromosome mononucleotide genetic marker |
| CN110438237A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-11-12 | 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 | SNP site relevant to hind leg, shaven head weight and application on No. 6 chromosomes of meat Simmental |
| CN116555445A (en) * | 2023-06-02 | 2023-08-08 | 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 | SNP molecular marker combination for Hua Xiniu genetic relationship identification, application and identification method |
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