CN104649637A - Method for preparation of drifting road subgrade filler from oil field oily sludge - Google Patents
Method for preparation of drifting road subgrade filler from oil field oily sludge Download PDFInfo
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- CN104649637A CN104649637A CN201310596989.2A CN201310596989A CN104649637A CN 104649637 A CN104649637 A CN 104649637A CN 201310596989 A CN201310596989 A CN 201310596989A CN 104649637 A CN104649637 A CN 104649637A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparation of a drifting road subgrade filler from oil field oily sludge. The method includes: conducting heat treatment on oily sludge by anaerobic heating; conducting solid-liquid separation, and recovering polluted oil and sewage to conduct treatment; adding a curing agent, a drying agent, fine aggregate and an improved additive into the remaining solid, and placing the mixture into a curing box to conduct curing; measuring the CBR values of the molded sample respectively on 3d, 7d and 28d, unconfined compressive strength, and plasticity index parameters; selecting a qualified oil sludge sample, fully mixing the sample with local soil according to an adding ratio of 0.5t/m<3>, performing rolling according to a compaction degree of 94%, after meeting the requirements, conducting soaking in water for 24h, and measuring the total petroleum hydrocarbon amount and the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and heavy metals in the leachate according to national standards; and respectively comparing the engineering technological indexes and leachate pollutant indexes of the oily sludge improved filler with relevant national standard specifications, and judging the product performance. The method provided by the invention improves the resource utilization level of oily sludge and reduces the treatment cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that Sludge in Oilfields prepares drifting road roadbed filling.
Background technology
The oily sludge that current oil field at home produces every year about 1,000,000 tons, oily sludge is put into HW08 waste mineral oil classification in " National Hazard refuse register " (2008), belong to natural crude oil and Natural gas extraction industry, primary hazard characteristic is T(toxicity) and I(inflammableness).Oil in oily sludge and part mineral substance, if efficient recovery, not only can realize changing waste into resources but also can reduce pollution substance to environmental danger.Oily sludge, oil sludge and sand that " waste mineral oil recycle Pollution control technology specification " (HJ607-2011) regulation oil length is greater than 5% should carry out regeneration, and oil sludge and sand oil length after oil-sand separation should be less than 2%.The oily sludge that oil length is less than 2% how further recycling can meet the requirement of environment, there is no technology in this respect and correlative study at present.Domestic existing achievement in research and engineering operation situation show, the content of oil length or petroleum hydrocarbon all can be reduced to 2% by the mainstream technology be applied at present on the market such as chemico-heating wash, pyrolysis, modified centrifugation of Sludge in Oilfields process disposal.Adopt of this part oily sludge stacks or entrusts the unit with qualification to dispose more, and expense, generally about 1000-2000 yuan/ton, had both added the Environmental costs of enterprise.
The drifting road of maintenance is newly built or overhauled to oil field at home every year more than 1000km, wherein needs the roadbed filling changed or safeguard more than 30km, need nearly 60,000 sides of all kinds of roadbed earthwork." preliminary work for spudding and well layout technical requirements " (SY/T 5466-2004) advises that the Class IV highway standard that the drifting road of oil-gas field should adopt " highway technical standard " (JTGB01.2003) and specifies, the well of Special section can build the road that can meet the current condition of transport.The materials such as " Highway Roadbed Construction Technology specification " (JTGF10-2006) regulation industrial residue, peat, mud, frozen soil, swelling soil and organic soil can use roadbed embankment material through process.Current domestic existing research riverway sludge, flyash etc. being used for after improvement roadbed stuffing for expressway, has also seen the report of oily sludge for building the road abroad.
Domestic to oily sludge improvement after for the research of laying drifting road be in exploration the stage, mainly there is following technical problem: (1) oily sludge due to its complicated component, character special, adopt which kind of improved technology that it can be made to meet the correlation technique character of drifting road, oil field filler, and meet the relevant regulations of " Highway Roadbed Construction Technology specification " (JTGF10-2006); (2) while meeting above-mentioned Engineering technical parameters; for ensureing that oily sludge does not cause environmental pollution in the process of laying drifting road; combine the oily sludge roadbed filling utilized and do not cause secondary pollution; harm is not brought to the safety and Health of operation, user of service; need strictly to control the hazardous and noxious substances in oily sludge, meet existing environmental protection requirement.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method that Sludge in Oilfields prepares drifting road roadbed filling.Exist for oily sludge resource technology field: the problem of the further recycling of oily sludge of (1) oil length 2%.According to existing national standard code requirement, oil length must refiltered oil resource higher than the oily sludge of 5%, and the oil length of surplus oil silt particle should be less than 2%.How further oily sludge after receiving oil treatment recycling requires study; (2) oily sludge prepares the improving technology problem of drifting road, oil field filler.The engineering performances technological property requirement on drifting road, oil field to be met after improvement, as indexs such as CBR value, organic content, liquid limit, plastic limit, lyotropic salts, need preferred modifying agent and optimisation technique parameter.(3) the environmental-protecting performance problem of drifting road filler prepared of oily sludge.Oily sludge is also one of importance be concerned for the control of its environmental-protecting performance during the roadbed material of drifting road, oil field or its environmental risk, need while meeting the engineering performances technical requirements of drifting road, ensure that its Environmental indicators reaches country or provincial standard code requirement.And the oily sludge modifying agent developed and the technical matters determined; oily sludge can be solved and be used as drifting road engineering performances technical problem; also can well control its risk of environmental pollution simultaneously, thus meet the needs of oily sludge recycling and innoxious protection of the environment preferably.
The technical scheme taked is:
Adopt orthogonal test method, be fully uniformly mixed in a reservoir by solidifying agent, drying agent, fine aggregate and improved additives, according to " Highway Roadbed Construction Technology specification " (JTGF10-2006), " highway earthwork test rule "
(JTGE40-2007), the standard specifications such as " building mortar basic performance tests method " (JGJ70-90), " Standard for test methods of properties of ordinary concrete mixture " (GB/T50080-2002) and " design of common concrete proportioning code " (JGJ55-2011) development maintenance process, obtain the drifting road filler product prepared by Sludge in Oilfields, and the engineering properties of product as drifting road, oil field roadbed filling is tested.
A kind of Sludge in Oilfields of the present invention prepares the method for drifting road roadbed filling, concrete steps:
(1) get appropriate oily sludge, remove the composition such as weeds, tree root, plastics wherein;
(2) washing of heated scrub, chemical agent or anoxybiotic heat treated mode is utilized to heat-treat oily sludge at 500-600 DEG C of temperature;
(3) utilize centrifugation to carry out solid-liquid separation to oily sludge, the recyclable purification utilization of sump oil, sewage recycles, and now residuum water ratio is generally 60% and following, moisturely after anoxybiotic heat treated is down to close to 0, and petroleum hydrocarbon is down to≤and 2%;
(4) take the rear remaining solid sample of 500g process, add 25-50g solidifying agent, the drying agent of 50-60g, the fine aggregate of 15-20g and the improved additives of 1-5g, stir;
(5) exist
stainless steel mould in fully stir, vibrate, adopt plastic film covering to put into maintaining box and carry out maintenance;
(6) according to JTGF10-2006, " highway engineering building stones testing regulation " (JTJ054-94) requirement, tests the CBR value of 3d, 7d and 28d molded samples, the parameter such as unconfined compression strength, plasticity index respectively;
(7) above-mentioned qualified greasy filth sample is chosen according to 0.5t/m
3mix ratio fully mixes with local soil, rolls, soak 24h after reaching requirement in water according to compactness 94%, measures petroleum hydrocarbon total amount, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the heavy metal content in leach liquor according to national standard;
(8) respectively the engineering character index of oily sludge improved packing and leach liquor pollutent index are carried out comparing mark with relevant national standard specification, judge product performance;
(9) multilayer fuzzy comprehensive appraisal and the environmental risk of exponential type risk class point system to the drifting road improved packing of preparation is utilized to assess.
In such scheme:
Solidifying agent is one or both of cement for building;
Drying agent is one or both of unslaked lime or white lime;
Fine aggregate is one or both of sand or flyash;
Improved additives is gypsum.
Oily sludge contain that current domestic main oilfield produces containing types such as poly-greasy filth, heavy crude oily sludge and thin oil mud;
Multilayer fuzzy comprehensive appraisal and exponential type risk class point system are from construction method;
First by improved technology by the disposal of oily sludge of petroleum hydrocarbon content≤2% to meeting three, the requirement of Class IV highway filler, then to mix with certain proportion with Oilfield Mining Area soil of building the road, roll after requiring to drifting road and soak, measure principal pollutant content in leach liquor.
Advantage 1: show the good engineering performance such as CBR CBR, unconfined compression strength in the filler of modification drifting road.In oily sludge, these modifying agents can reduce plasticity by hydrolysis, hydration reaction, generation reticular membrane skeleton decile is distributed in filler and increases filling intensity, after maintenance in 7 days, the CBR value of filler is between 7-10%, compactness can reach more than 93%, unconfined compression strength, more than 2 MPas, meets drifting road, oil field and to build the road filler requirement;
Advantage 2: the effective control achieving the environmental risk of improved packing.Lay the filler product (0.5t/m on drifting road
3) to mix with the qualified soil of building the road in locality and roll and reach roadbed requirement after, requirement that the principal pollutant in roadbed can meet " standard of soil environment quality 2008 " (exposure draft); The host inorganic such as the petroleum hydrocarbon in leach liquor, heavy metal, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organic contamination index all meet national existing sewage drainage standard (integrated wastewater discharge standard GB 8978-1996), can not work the mischief to environment, ecology and HUMAN HEALTH;
Advantage 3: improve disposal of oily sludge ability and recycling level, reduce processing cost.Produce 2-3 ten thousand side oily sludge every year according to certain oil field, the oily sludge amount of application of every cubic metre of roadbed is no more than 0.5 ton of calculating, and roadbed dry density is about 2000kg/m
3, lay or safeguard the drifting road of 6 meters wide, 20km can exhaust the oily sludge of generation.With landfill or burning disposal ratio, processing cost reduces by 50%.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: typical Sludge in Oilfields---containing polymkeric substance greasy filth
(1) get certain oil field appropriate containing polymkeric substance greasy filth, remove the composition such as weeds, tree root, plastics wherein;
(2) utilize chemical agent to carry out heat to oily sludge utilize tap water or normal temperature under 60 DEG C of conditions under and wash process, waste oil recovery;
(3) utilize centrifugation to carry out solid-liquid separation to oily sludge, remaining solid water content of matter is 53%, petroleum hydrocarbon is down to≤and 2%;
(4) remain greasy filth after taking 500g process, add 50g solidifying agent, 45g drying agent, the fine aggregate of 20g and the improved additives of 1.5g, stir;
(5) exist
stainless steel mould in after shaken well with plastic film covering, in maintaining box, carry out normal curing;
(6) test sample after 7d, its CBR value is 9.34%, unconfined compression strength 2.69, plasticity index 18.3%, and intensity and stability meet the requirement of drifting road, oil field roadbed filling;
(7) by above-mentioned sample according to 0.5t/m
3build the road and mixs with soil in ratio and locality, process afterwards CBR value 33.4%, plasticity index 14.68%, rolls to compactness 94%, maximum dry density 1.87g/m
3.Requirement that principal pollutant in roadbed sample can meet " standard of soil environment quality 2008 " (exposure draft); In water, soak 24h, the principal pollutant such as leach liquor petroleum class, COD and heavy metal meet the requirement of GB5085.3-1996 index of correlation.
(8) utilize multilayer fuzzy comprehensive appraisal and the environmental risk of exponential type risk class point system to the drifting road improved packing of preparation to assess, it is 4 grades that result shows its risk class, can not work the mischief to HUMAN HEALTH and environment.
Embodiment 2: typical Sludge in Oilfields---thin oil mud
(1) get certain oil field thin oil greasy filth appropriate, remove the composition such as weeds, tree root, plastics wherein;
(2) at 60 DEG C, process is washed, waste oil recovery with utilizing chemical agent washing to carry out heat to oily sludge under tap water heating washing or normal temperature;
(3) utilize centrifugation to carry out solid-liquid separation to oily sludge, remaining solid water content of matter is 65.4%, petroleum hydrocarbon is down to≤and 2%;
(4) remain greasy filth after taking 500g process, add 46g solidifying agent, the drying agent of 56g, the fine aggregate of 20g and the improved additives of 1g, stir;
(5) exist
stainless steel mould in stir after shaken well with plastic film covering, in maintaining box, carry out normal curing;
(6) obtain after 7d testing sample, its CBR value is 7.26%, unconfined compression strength 2.13, plasticity index 21.6%, and intensity and stability meet the requirement of drifting road, oil field roadbed filling;
(7) by above-mentioned sample according to 0.5t/m
3build the road and mixs with soil in ratio and locality, process afterwards CBR value 22.1%, plasticity index 12.77, rolls to compactness 94%, maximum dry density 1.95g/m
3.Principal pollutant in roadbed sample can meet " standard of soil environment quality 2008 " (exposure draft) requirement; In water, soak 24h, the principal pollutant such as leach liquor petroleum class, COD and heavy metal meet the requirement of GB5085.3-1996 index of correlation.
(8) utilize multilayer fuzzy comprehensive appraisal and the environmental risk of exponential type risk class point system to the drifting road improved packing of preparation to assess, it is 5 grades that result shows its risk class, can not work the mischief to HUMAN HEALTH and environment.
Embodiment 3: typical Sludge in Oilfields---heavy crude oily sludge
(1) get appropriate Liaohe Oilfield Heavy Crude greasy filth, remove the composition such as weeds, tree root, plastics wherein;
(2) anoxybiotic pyrolysis installation is utilized to carry out pyrolysis processing to oily sludge at 600 DEG C, waste oil recovery and non-condensable gas;
(3) remaining solid water content of matter is less than 0.1%, and petroleum hydrocarbon is down to≤and 0.3%, its CBR value is 8.04%, and unconfined compression strength 2.01, plasticity index 10.45%, meet filler requirement;
(4) by above-mentioned sample according to 0.5t/m
3build the road and mixs with soil in ratio and locality, process afterwards CBR value 43.8%, plasticity index 10.51, rolls to compactness 93%, maximum dry density 2.00g/m
3.Requirement that principal pollutant in roadbed sample can meet " standard of soil environment quality 2008 " (exposure draft); In water, soak 24h, the principal pollutant such as leach liquor petroleum class, COD volatile phenol and heavy metal meet the requirement of GB5085.3-1996 index of correlation.
(5) utilize multilayer fuzzy comprehensive appraisal and the environmental risk of exponential type risk class point system to the drifting road improved packing of preparation to assess, it is 5 grades that result shows its risk class, can not work the mischief to HUMAN HEALTH and environment.Concrete test value scope is in Table 1-table 5.
Embodiment method of evaluating performance
1, the roadbed filling engineering performance evaluation of embodiment product
(1) oil field drifting road roadbed filling preparation
Get greasy filth sample appropriate, utilize chemical agent oil removing centrifuge dehydration or heat treated after removal of impurities, remaining solid adds solidifying agent, drying agent, and the medicament such as fine aggregate and improved additives stirs, and normal curing was tested after 7 days.
(2) roadbed filling unconfined compression strength performance evaluation
Unconfined compression strength, according to the Ministry of Communications " highway engineering stabilized with inorganic binder testing of materials code " (JTJ058-2000) and " highway earthwork test rule " (JTG E40-2007) standard, Califonia Bearing Ratio Test instrument is tested.
Unconfined compression strength qu is according to formula:
Qu=P/A calculates
In formula: P---peak pressure when filler sample destroys, N;
A---the cross-sectional area of filler sample, mm2;
(3) roadbed filling CBR performance evaluation
CBR (California Bearing Ratio) is the index in order to evaluate material supporting capacity that California state highway department of the U.S. proposes.When referring to the standard-sized injection bar injection sample 2.5mm of employing, the ratio of standard load intensity when required load intensity and identical injection amount.Traffic department of China is own using the controling parameters of CBR value as roadbed filling intensity index and the foundation of roadbed filling selection.Carry out according to " highway earthwork test rule " (JTG E40-2007).
CBR during L=2.5mm:
CBR2.5=P×100/7000
In formula:
CBR2.5---CBR during injection amount 2.5mm, %;
P---unit pressure, KPa;
7000---standard pressure when injection amount is 2.5mm, Kpa;
(3) roadbed filling Atterberg Limit is evaluated
Adopt LP-100 type liquid plastic combine tester to measure, cone quality is 100g, and cone angle is 30, the packing samples got ready is stirred, and be respectively charged into 3 test glass, densification makes air overflow.Lifting test glass being placed on simultaneous determination instrument is taken, and cone when measuring 5s at twice enters degree of depth h1 and h2(h1 and h2 permissible error 0.5mm), get h1, h2 mean value enters degree of depth h as the cone of this point.Measure the water ratio ω of sample in test glass.Repeat above-mentioned steps, two other sample is tested, surveys it and bore into the degree of depth and water ratio.
On secondary log-log paper, with water content w for X-coordinate, boring into degree of depth h is ordinate zou, and point paints the h-w figure of a, b, c 3 water content, connects 3 points, should be in alignment.On h-w figure, the water content w checking in the X-coordinate that ordinate zou is bored corresponding to degree of depth h=20mm is the liquid limit water content wL of this soil sample.Plastic limit is bored into degree of depth hp=wL/(0.524wL-7.606), according to hp value, the water content that h-w figure checks in corresponding hp is plastic limit water content wp.
Plasticity index I=Wl-wp.
2, the COD of embodiment product evaluates
Embodiment product is placed in 50 DEG C of water, soaks 24 hours, measure the COD of leach liquor according to " the mensuration dichromate titration of water chemical oxygen demand " (GB11914-89).
3, the petroleum hydrocarbon evaluation of embodiment product
Solid matter Petroleum Hydrocarbon content is according to State Environmental Protection Administration: " national Soil Pollution Investigation sample analysis measuring technology regulation "; to embodiment product with after carbon tetrachloride extraction; after the vegetable and animals oils isopolarity material adopting Magnesium Silicate q-agent to remove in extracting solution, measure petroleum-type concentration.
Leach liquor Petroleum Hydrocarbon content measures according to " the mensuration infrared spectrophotometry of water-quality petroleum and animals and plants oils " (HJ 637-2012).
4, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons evaluation of embodiment product
According to State Environmental Protection Administration: " national Soil Pollution Investigation sample analysis measuring technology regulation ", utilizes By P & t-gc-ms to measure with reference to USEPA8100, USEPA8082.
5, the heavy metals evaluation of embodiment product
According to GB 5084.3-1996 " Hazardous wastes judging standard leaching characteristic identification ", after embodiment product hydrochloric acid or the acid-soluble pre-treatment of nitric acid, the lysate prepared, by corresponding heavy metal element determination method, adopts atomic fluorescence detector, plasma mass spectrometry etc. to measure.
6, the acute biological toxicity evaluation of embodiment product
Embodiment product is placed in 50 DEG C of water, soaks 24 hours, then measure the acute biological toxicity EC of embodiment product leach liquor according to GB/T 15441-1995 " the mensuration Luminous bacteria of acute toxicity of water quality "
50value.
7, embodiment Product environment risk assessment
The Environmental risk assessment index system of 3 level 9 indexs and Field Using Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment is utilized to carry out environmental risk assessment to embodiment product, the risk score value of calculation sample respectively, risk class is divided into high, medium and low and nothing 4 grades by utilization index type risk class point system.
Table 1 embodiment product is as the engineering properties evaluation of roadbed material
| Sequence number | Testing index | Actual detected value | Standard value |
| 1 | CBR | 7%-10% | ≥5% |
| 2 | Without side limit intensity | 2.13-2.69 | 2.00 |
| 3 | Plasticity index | 18-22 | ≤26 |
Table 2 embodiment Product environment metrics evaluation
Table 3 embodiment product acute biological toxicity is evaluated
Table 4 exponential type Environmental risk levels is marked
| Risk class | High | In | Low | Nothing |
| Risk score | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 |
The risk assessment of table 5 embodiment Product environment
| Sequence number | Embodiment sample | Environmental risk is marked | Environmental risk levels |
| 1 | Containing poly-greasy filth | 6 | Low |
| 2 | Thin oil greasy filth | 5 | Low |
| 3 | Thick oil sludge | 8.1 | Nothing |
Claims (1)
1. Sludge in Oilfields prepares a method for drifting road roadbed filling, it is characterized in that:
(1) get oily sludge, remove weeds wherein, tree root, plastic components;
(2) anoxybiotic heat treated mode is utilized to heat-treat oily sludge at 500-600 DEG C;
(3) utilize centrifugation to carry out solid-liquid separation to oily sludge, oil recovery purification utilization, sewage recycles, and moisturely after residuum anoxybiotic heat treated is down to 0, and petroleum hydrocarbon is down to≤and 2%;
(4) take the rear remaining solid sample of 500g process, add 25-50g solidifying agent, the drying agent of 50-60g, the fine aggregate of 15-20g and the improved additives of 1-5g, stir;
(5) exist
stainless steel mould in fully stir, vibrate, adopt plastic film covering to put into maintaining box and carry out maintenance;
(6) according to JTGF10-2006, " highway engineering building stones testing regulation " (JTJ054-94) requirement, tests the CBR value of 3d, 7d and 28d molded samples, unconfined compression strength, plasticity index parameter respectively;
(7) above-mentioned qualified greasy filth sample is chosen according to 0.5t/m
3mix ratio fully mixes with local soil, rolls, soak 24h after reaching requirement in water according to compactness 94%, measures petroleum hydrocarbon total amount, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the heavy metal content in leach liquor according to national standard;
(8) respectively the engineering character index of oily sludge improved packing and leach liquor pollutent index are carried out comparing mark with relevant national standard specification, judge product performance;
Described solidifying agent is one or both of cement for building;
Described drying agent is one or both of unslaked lime or white lime;
Described fine aggregate is one or both of sand or flyash;
Described improved additives is gypsum.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107607693A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-01-19 | 徐州中矿大贝克福尔科技股份有限公司 | A kind of contaminated soil underground firming body long-time stability device for quick testing and method |
| CN109987907A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-09 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | A kind of road foundation material containing municipal sludge residue |
| CN110127987A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-16 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of greasy filth spontaneously dries agent and application method |
| CN113567303A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-10-29 | 深圳市市政工程总公司 | Method for measuring liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index of dredged sludge |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107607693A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-01-19 | 徐州中矿大贝克福尔科技股份有限公司 | A kind of contaminated soil underground firming body long-time stability device for quick testing and method |
| CN107607693B (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2023-09-15 | 徐州中矿大贝克福尔科技股份有限公司 | Device and method for rapidly testing long-term stability of underground solidified body of polluted soil |
| CN109987907A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-09 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | A kind of road foundation material containing municipal sludge residue |
| CN110127987A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-16 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of greasy filth spontaneously dries agent and application method |
| CN110127987B (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2020-03-13 | 西南石油大学 | Oil sludge natural drying agent and application method thereof |
| CN113567303A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-10-29 | 深圳市市政工程总公司 | Method for measuring liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index of dredged sludge |
| CN113970500A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-25 | 北京新风航天装备有限公司 | Method for rapidly measuring oil content of oil stain solid waste |
| CN113970500B (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2023-08-29 | 北京新风航天装备有限公司 | Rapid determination method for oil content of greasy dirt solid waste |
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