CN104648175B - 用于控制电力供应系统的开关重叠避免系统 - Google Patents

用于控制电力供应系统的开关重叠避免系统 Download PDF

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CN104648175B
CN104648175B CN201410688162.9A CN201410688162A CN104648175B CN 104648175 B CN104648175 B CN 104648175B CN 201410688162 A CN201410688162 A CN 201410688162A CN 104648175 B CN104648175 B CN 104648175B
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switching signal
switch
switching
power supply
electric power
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CN104648175A (zh
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阿尔温德·戈文达拉吉
菊池润
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2009Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L15/00Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2054Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed by controlling transmissions or clutches
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L3/00Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/003Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to inverters
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    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L7/00Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
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    • B60L7/14Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles propelled by ac motors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4585Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L2210/00Converter types
    • B60L2210/10DC to DC converters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00Converter types
    • B60L2210/40DC to AC converters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/12Speed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/38Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

根据本公开的示例性方面的一种方法,除其他方面以外,包括控制电力供应系统以避免穿过电力供应系统的一个或多个开关装置的过电压事件,该控制步骤基于开关重叠信息,该开关重叠信息包括用于或者提前或者推迟与至少一个开关装置相关的开关信号的指令。

Description

用于控制电力供应系统的开关重叠避免系统
技术领域
本公开涉及电气化车辆,以及更具体地涉及但不仅限于用于避免穿过电力供应系统的一个或多个开关装置的过电压事件的开关重叠避免系统和方法。
背景技术
混合动力车辆(HEV)、插电式混合动力车辆(PHEV)、纯电动车辆(BEV)、燃料电池车辆以及其它已知的电气化车辆与传统的机动车辆不同,因为它们是由代替内燃发动机的一个或多个电机(即,电动机和/或发电机)提供动力或除了内燃发动机之外还由一个或多个电机(即,电动机和/或发电机)提供动力。高电压和高电流典型地通过一个或多个储存电力的蓄电池供应至电机。
电气化车辆典型地使用电力供应系统,电力供应系统在车辆里面支持双向功率流。电力供应系统包括多个开关装置,开关装置根据由控制器产生的驱动信号执行开关操作以控制负载。例如,电气化车辆经常包括利用比如功率金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)或绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)这样的多个半导体开关装置的逆变器/转换器系统,半导体开关装置有选择地经受用于从直流(DC)蓄电池组给一个或多个交流(AC)驱动马达提供动力或可选地从比如发电机这样的AC源给DC蓄电池组充电的开关操作。
过电压事件可以由比如电压控制延迟和电压传感器偏移误差这样的各种因素引起,并且当电力供应系统的开关装置经受开(ON)和关(OFF)之间的开关操作时可以发生。这个电压尖峰由于在开关事件期间大的电流变化率即di/dt和寄生电感L的影响而发生(其可以用公式表示为V=L·di/dt)。
用通常能够更快地接通和断开(即,大的di/dt)的现代电力开关装置,上面描述的电压尖峰问题会变得更显著。开关电力转换器典型地设计成包括相对大的电压裕度,以便这样的电压尖峰可以维持低于开关装置的额定电压。然而,在比如通常在公用事业、消费者和汽车应用中使用的三相脉冲宽度调制(PWM)逆变器这样的多支线开关电力转换器的情况下,两个或更多个支线之间的同时开关事件可以导致穿过单独装置的相对大的电压尖峰。这可以导致用于多支线开关电力转换器的相对差的额定电压利用率。
发明内容
根据本公开的示例性方面的一种方法,除其他方面以外,包括控制电力供应系统以避免穿过电力供应系统的一个或多个开关装置的过电压事件,该控制步骤基于开关重叠信息,该开关重叠信息包括用于或者提前或者推迟与至少一个开关装置相关的开关信号的指令。
在前述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,方法包括如果没有过电压事件的风险则不修改开关信号的步骤。
在前述方法中的另一非限制性实施例中,提前或推迟开关信号的步骤包括提前或推迟开关信号的一个或多个脉冲边沿。
在任何前述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,开关重叠信息包括对于在两个或更多个开关信号之间发生的开关重叠的可能性的估计。
在任何前述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,控制步骤包括提前开关信号的第一脉冲边沿并且延迟开关信号的第二脉冲边沿。
在任何前述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,开关信号的第三脉冲边沿既不提前也不延迟。
在任何前述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,控制步骤包括提前开关信号的脉冲边沿或者推迟开关信号的脉冲边沿。
在任何前述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,控制步骤包括确定开关信号的脉冲边沿的位置并且检查附加的脉冲边沿是否安排在开关信号的脉冲边沿的附近发生。
在任何前述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,方法包括如果附加的脉冲边沿安排在开关信号的脉冲边沿附近则调用脉冲边沿重新定位例程(repositioning routine)。
在任何前述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,方法包括分配优先级系统以便选择多个开关信号中的哪个应该重建。
根据本公开的另一示例性方面的一种方法,除其他方面以外,包括响应于开关装置中的两个或更多个之间的开关重叠,通过重新调整开关信号来控制车辆的电力供应系统以避免穿过电力供应系统的一个或多个开关装置的过电压事件。
在前述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,过电压事件包括超过一个或多个开关装置的额定电压的电压尖峰。
在前述方法中的另一非限制性实施例中,重新调整开关信号包括提前开关信号的脉冲边沿或推迟开关信号的脉冲边沿。
在任何前述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,方法包括如果没有过电压事件的风险则忽略开关重叠。
在任何前述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,控制步骤包括提前开关信号的第一脉冲边沿并且延迟开关信号的第二脉冲边沿。
在任何前述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,方法包括忽略开关信号的第三脉冲边沿的步骤。
在任何前述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,当开关信号的第一脉冲边沿与第二开关信号的第二脉冲边沿同时发生时,发生开关重叠。
在任何前述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,方法包括分配优先级系统以便选择多个开关信号中的哪个应该重建。
在任何前述方法的另一非限制性实施例中,控制步骤包括确定开关信号的脉冲边沿的位置并且检查附加的脉冲边沿是否安排在开关信号的脉冲边沿的附近发生。
根据本公开的另一示例性方面的电力供应系统,除其他方面以外,包括多个开关装置和监控多个开关装置的开关事件的开关重叠避免系统,该开关重叠避免系统配置成响应于多个开关装置中的两个或更多个之间的开关重叠重新调整一个或多个开关信号以便避免过电压事件。
前述段落、权利要求或下述说明书和附图的实施例、示例和备选方案——包括它们的各个方面或各自的单独特征——可以独立地或任意组合地获得。关于一个实施例描述的特征适用于所有的实施例,除非这样的特征是不相容的。
根据下述具体实施方式,本公开的各种特征和优势对于本领域技术人员来说将变得显而易见。伴随具体实施方式的附图可以简略地描述如下。
附图说明
图1示意性地说明电气化车辆的动力传动系统。
图2说明电力供应系统的拓扑结构。
图3说明可以用于控制图2的电力供应系统的开关重叠避免系统。
图4A和4B是随着时间的推移测量的控制电力供应系统的开关操作的开关信号的图形表示。
图5A、5B、5C和5D示意性地说明使用图3的开关重叠避免系统用于检测开关信号重叠的方法。
图6示意性地说明图3的开关重叠避免系统的优先级系统。
具体实施方式
本公开涉及用于控制电气化车辆的电力供应系统的开关重叠避免系统和方法。本发明的系统预测两个或更多个开关装置之间的开关重叠,并且响应于检测到的开关重叠修改与开关装置中的至少一个相关的开关信号。通过提前或推迟脉冲边沿,可以重新调整表示打开/关闭瞬变电流(transient)的开关信号,以便避免穿过一个或多个开关装置的过电压事件。如果没有过电压事件的风险,则可以可选地忽略由同时发生的开关脉冲边沿识别的开关重叠。在这里更详细地讨论这些和其它特征。
图1示意性地说明用于比如HEV这样的电气化车辆12的动力传动系统10。尽管描绘为HEV,但应该理解的是,这里描述的构思不限于HEV并且可以延伸至包括但不限于PHEV、BEV这样的其它电气化车辆以及燃料电池车辆。
在一个实施例中,动力传动系统10是使用第一驱动系统和第二驱动系统的动力分配式系统,其中第一驱动系统包括发动机14和发电机16(即,第一电机)的组合,第二驱动系统至少包括马达36(即,第二电机)、发电机16和蓄电池50。例如,马达36、发电机16和蓄电池50可以组成动力传动系统10的电驱动系统25。第一和第二驱动系统生成扭矩以驱动电气化车辆12的一组或多组车辆驱动轮30。
比如内燃发动机这样的发动机14和发电机16可以通过动力传输单元18连接。在一个非限制性实施例中,动力传输单元18是行星齿轮组。当然,包括其它齿轮组和变速器的其它类型的动力传输单元,可以用于将发动机14连接至发电机16。动力传输单元18可以包括环形齿轮20、太阳齿轮22和支架总成24。当充当发电机以将动能转换成电能时,发电机16由动力传输单元18驱动。发电机16可以可选地起马达的作用以将电能转换成动能,从而输出扭矩至连接至动力传输单元18的支架总成24的轴26。由于发电机16可操作地连接至发动机14,发动机14的速度可以由发电机16控制。
动力传输单元18的环形齿轮20可以连接至轴28,轴28通过第二动力传输单元32连接至车辆驱动轮30。第二动力传输单元32可以包括具有多个齿轮34A、34B、34C、34D、34E和34F的齿轮组。其它动力传输单元也可能是合适的。齿轮34A-34F传递来自发动机14的扭矩至差速器38以向车辆驱动轮30提供牵引力。差速器38可以包括多个实现扭矩至车辆驱动轮30的传递的齿轮。第二动力传输单元32通过差速器38机械地耦接至轮轴40以使扭矩分配到车辆驱动轮30。
马达36还可以用于通过输出扭矩至轴46来驱动车辆驱动轮30,轴46也连接至第二动力传输单元32。在一个实施例中,马达36和发电机16是再生制动系统的一部分,马达36和发电机16两者在再生制动系统中可以用作马达以输出扭矩。例如,马达36和发电机16可以各自输出电力至高电压总线48和蓄电池50。蓄电池50可以是能够输出电力以操作马达36和发电机16的高电压蓄电池。其它类型的能量存储装置和/或输出装置也可以合并以供电气化车辆12使用。
马达36、发电机16、动力传输单元18和动力传输单元32可以总体上被称为电气化车辆12的驱动桥42或变速器。因此,当驾驶员选择特定的换挡位置时,驱动桥42被适当地控制以提供相应的挡位以用于通过向车辆驱动轮30提供牵引力来使电气化车辆12前进。
此外,动力传动系统10可以包括用于监控和/或控制电气化车辆12的各个方面的控制系统44。例如,控制系统44可以与电驱动系统25、动力传输单元18、32或其它组件通信以监控和/或控制电气化车辆12。控制系统44包括执行用于操作电气化车辆12的必要的控制功能的电子器件和/或软件。在一个实施例中,控制系统44是组合的车辆系统控制器和动力传动系统控制模块(VSC/PCM)。尽管显示为单个硬件装置,但控制系统44可以包括在一个或多个硬件装置里面的多个硬件装置或多个软件控制器形式的多个控制器。
控制器局域网络(CAN)52允许控制系统44与驱动桥42通信。例如,控制系统44可以接收来自驱动桥42的信号以指示换挡位置之间的转变是否发生。控制系统44还可以与蓄电池50的蓄电池控制模块或其它控制装置通信。
此外,电驱动系统25可以包括一个或多个比如逆变器系统控制器(ISC)这样的控制器54。控制器54配置成控制驱动桥42里面的比如发电机16和/或马达36这样的比如用于支持双向功率流这样的特定组件。在一个实施例中,控制器54是结合可变电压转换器的逆变器系统控制器(ISC/VVC)。
图2说明可以结合到电气化车辆中的电力供应系统60。例如,电力供应系统60可以包括逆变器系统、转换器系统或图1的电气化车辆12的结合的电压转换器/逆变器。在一个实施例中,电力供应系统60包括马达驱动逆变器、发电机驱动逆变器和可变电压转换器(VVC)。通过转换一个或多个开关装置62,电力供应系统60输出用于控制比如马达36和发电机16这样的负载的电力。
在一个实施例中,电力供应系统60包括多个开关装置62。开关装置62可以经受开关操作(即,在接通和断开之间拨动)以使用来自蓄电池50的能量向负载提供动力,或可选地沿着DC母线64给蓄电池50充电。在一个实施例中,开关装置62是IGBT。在另一实施例中,开关装置62是电力MOSFET。其它开关装置和电力供应系统60的其它配置预期在本公开的范围之内。
电力供应系统60可以包括并联连接的开关装置62的多条支线66。每条支线66包括分别串联连接的第一和第二开关装置62a,b,c,d,e,f,g-1、62a,b,c,d,e,f,g-2。提供的支线66的数目可以对应于负载和电源的相的总数目,负载和电源在一个实施例中是三相马达36、三相发电机16和蓄电池50。因此,在一个实施例中,电力供应系统60包括开关装置62的七条支线66a、66b、66c、66d、66e、66f和66g以用于控制在负载和电源之间的功率流。然而,应该领会的是,电力供应系统60可以包括开关装置的许多数目的支线以用于向具有许多数目相的负载提供动力。
在一个实施例中,每条支线66a至66g的开关装置62a,b,c,d,e,f,g-1、62a,b,c,d,e,f,g-2可以可选地在接通和断开位置之间切换以将DC电源转换为三相AC电源以驱动马达36和发电机16,或转换为至高电压蓄电池50的不同电压等级的DC电源。在各种开关装置62的开关事件期间,可以发生开关重叠,开关重叠可以导致穿过开关装置62中的一个或多个的过电压事件(即,超过开关装置62的额定电压的电压尖峰)。如下面更详细地讨论,用于预测开关重叠并且重新调整开关信号以避免开关重叠的示例性系统和方法,可以用于控制电力供应系统60并且从而避免过电压事件。
图3说明可以用于控制图2的电力供应系统60的开关重叠避免系统70。在一个实施例中,开关重叠避免系统70是电力供应系统60的控制器72的一部分。如可以领会的是,在一个实施例中,开关重叠避免系统70实施为控制器72上的软件。例如,开关重叠避免系统70可以使用编程到控制器72中的一个或多个算法,以便预测并且避免开关重叠。可选地,在另一实施例中,开关重叠避免系统70可能实施为电力供应系统60的定制设计的硬件电路。
示例性开关重叠避免系统70包括主时钟74、脉冲宽度调制(PWM)块76、开关重叠检测块(SODB)78和开关脉冲边沿重新定位块(SPERB)80。主时钟74为开关重叠避免系统70提供时间参考。在一个实施例中,主时钟74创造了方波形式的一连串的脉冲(参照图5的曲线图(a))。其它时钟信号格式也预期在本公开的范围之内。
PWM块76生成用于控制电力供应系统60的开关装置62的开关操作的开关信号P1至Pn。开关信号P1至Pn从主时钟74获得并且可以生成为主时钟74节拍的整数倍数。开关信号P1至Pn包括用于控制开关装置在接通和断开位置之间的开关事件信息。
在一个实施例中,通过监控具有由主时钟74驱动的定时电路的PWM块76,SODB 78可以预测开关重叠。然后,SPERB 80于是可以重新安排开关信号P1至Pn的重叠脉冲边沿并且将重新调整的开关信号P1’至Pn’通信至开关装置62的栅极驱动。通过提前或推迟开关信号的脉冲边沿,SPERB 80可以重新安排开关信号P1至Pn中的一个或多个。开关信号P1’至Pn’的总脉冲宽度会受到这个重新调整的影响。在SODB 78和SPERB 80之间,保证了重新定位的开关信号P1至Pn的脉冲边沿不会引起意外的开关重叠。
图4(继续参考图3)示意性地说明开关重叠避免系统70的操作的基本原理。PWM块76可以在一定时间t生成许多数目的开关信号P1至Pn,开关信号P1至Pn随后可以通信至开关装置62的栅极驱动以用于控制各种开关事件。SODB 78位于与每个开关信号P1至Pn相关的脉冲边沿82(即,上升边沿或下降边沿)的位置并且估计在开关信号P1至Pn中的两个或更多个之间是否有发生开关重叠84的可能性。当开关信号P1至Pn中的一个的脉冲边沿82与来自另一开关信号P1至Pn的另一脉冲边沿82同时发生时,会发生开关重叠84。这在图4的曲线图(a)中显示。
开关重叠信息可以从SODB 78通信至SPERB 80。如果存在一个或多个开关重叠84的潜在性,则SPERB 80配置成重新调整开关信号P1至Pn中的一个或多个以消除开关重叠。这在图4的曲线图(b)中显示。在一个实施例中,通过提前或延迟与开关信号P1至Pn中的一个或多个相关的脉冲边沿82,SPERB 80可以重新调整开关信号P1至Pn,以创造重新调整的开关信号P1’至Pn’。重新调整的开关信号Pn’的脉冲边沿82a和82b是推迟的信号的示例,并且重新调整的开关信号P2’的脉冲边沿82c是由于开关重叠的潜在性而已经被提前的信号的示例。重新调整的信号P1’至Pn’避免可以导致过电压事件的开关重叠。
在另一实施例中,如果通过开关重叠避免系统70确定了特定的开关重叠84不出现过电压事件的风险,则可以忽略开关重叠84(例如,参照与未改变的开关信号P1’和Pn’相关的开关重叠84a)。例如,如果甚至当重叠的电压尖峰被纳入考虑时直流母线电压足够低,则可以忽略开关重叠事件,因为在这样的情况下没有涉及超过电力装置的额定电压的过电压。另一非限制性实例——在该实例中可以忽略开关重叠84——是在开关事件结束和开关事件开始之间发生重叠的情况。在又一实施例中,提前、延迟或不改变脉冲边沿82的位置的任意组合可以用于重新调整开关信号P1至Pn
图5和6——继续参考图1-4——更详细地描述了一种使用上面描述的开关重叠避免系统70用于控制电力供应系统60的方法。首先参考图5,主时钟74创造一连串的脉冲88(图5的曲线图(a))并且驱动计数器Cm(图5的曲线图(b)),计数器Cm可以是PWM块76的一部分。计数器Cm增加主时钟74的每个时钟节拍Tc以向开关重叠避免系统70提供时间参考。换句话说,计数器Cm计数由主时钟74生成的这一连串脉冲88。
在一个实施例中,假定了PWM块76产生中心对准的非对称调制(开关)信号。然而,其它PWM实施方式也预期在本公开的范围之内。
图5(c)说明用于特定支线(即,图2的支线66a、66b、66c、66d、66e、66f和66g中的一个)的PWM开关脉冲如何在图3中的PWM块76中生成。基于中心对准的非对称PWM方案的假定,在三角形PWM载波的每个峰和谷上引发每个例程(routine)。用升降计数器生成PWM载波,升降计数器是由主时钟74驱动的PWM块76的一部分。在一个实施例中,使用特定的半载波周期,并且其在图5(c)中被指定为R1。在半载波周期的开始,更新占空比(或等效地,PWM调制信号)。占空比值是电流、扭矩或预先确定的控制策略的结果。PWM调制信号与PWM载波相比较并且确定用于这个特定载波半周期的开关时刻。这个例程周期性地重复并且生成如图5(d)中所示的PWM脉冲串。这个脉冲可以解释为图2和图3中的P1、P2…Pn中的一个。
同样的例程应用于图2的电力供应系统60的所有支线66。在一个实施例中,SODB78基于更新的占空比值和半载波周期计算下一个即将到来的开关瞬间如下:
TC1=D1*Tp1 (1)
其中
Tp1=n*Tc,
n是对应于半PWM载波周期的周期数的整数值,以及
Tc是主时钟周期。
在另一实施例中,通过参考相应的主时钟74的计数器值Tc1,SODB 78可以计算下一个开关瞬间。SODB 78基于由主时钟74的计数器Cm提供的时间基线比较开关瞬间,并且检测两个或更多个并联支线66之间的开关重叠的可能性。
如果检测到开关重叠,例程R1可以调用用于重新调整一个或多个开关信号的脉冲边沿重新定位例程。这个例程在SPERB 80中执行。
SPERB 80可以运行以重新定位相矛盾的开关信号的一个或多个脉冲边沿,同时试图保持开关信号的波形。脉冲边沿可以或者提前或者推迟,取决于这样的变化会对开关信号的形状的总体影响。可选地,在通过控制器72确定了开关装置62不在过电压事件的风险的情况下,可以忽略脉冲边沿重叠。值得注意的是,在低负载电流或低直流母线电压情况下,通常不发生过电压事件。
在图6中说明的一个实施例中,SPERB 80使用优先级系统100以便选择哪个开关信号应该被重新调整。优先级值PPR1至PPRn可以分配至每个开关信号P1至Pn。在一个实施例中,优先级值PPR1规定了最高优先级,而每个随后的优先级值PPR2至PPRn规定了比先前优先级值低的优先级。比如在这个示例中的信号Pn这样的具有最低优先级的开关信号P,是最有可能被重新定位的,而最高优先级信号(即,在这个示例中的P1)将不变。信号的优先级可以计算并且分配以实现至开关信号P1至Pn的输出电流波形的最小量的失真。响应于开关重叠,SPERB 80可以编程以储存、动态地估计/计算或以其他方式访问在重建开关信号P1至Pn中使用的优先级系统100。
在一个实施例中,下面的信息可以用于计算并且分配优先级值PPR1至PPRn
1.电流传感器读数;
2.调制策略的知识;
3.母线几何形状;以及
4.信道传播特征。
当然,其它信息也可以用于建立优先级系统100。
尽管不同的非限制性实施例说明为具有特定的组件或步骤,但本公开的实施例不限于那些特定的组合。使用来自任何非限制性实施例的组件或特征结合来自任何其他非限制性实施例的特征或组件是可能的。
应该理解的是,同样的附图标记识别为贯穿几个附图的相应的或相似的元件。应该理解的是,尽管在这些示例性实施例中公开并且说明了特定的组件布置,其它布置也可以从本公开的教导中受益。
前述描述应该理解为说明性的但是并无任何限制意义。本领域普通技术人员将理解的是,特定的修改能够在本公开的范围之内。由于这些原因,下述权利要求应该研究以确定本公开的真实范围和内容。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于控制电力供应系统的开关重叠避免方法,包含:
控制电力供应系统以避免穿过电力供应系统的一个或多个开关装置的过电压事件,该控制步骤基于开关重叠信息,所述开关重叠信息包括用于或者提前或者推迟与至少一个开关装置相关的开关信号的指令,
当确定提前或推迟哪一个开关信号时,基于母线的几何形状来确定一个开关信号相对于另一个开关信号的优先级。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,包含如果没有过电压事件的风险则不修改开关信号的步骤。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,提前或推迟开关信号的步骤包括提前或推迟开关信号的一个或多个脉冲边沿。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,开关重叠信息包括对于在两个或更多个开关信号之间发生的开关重叠的可能性的估计。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,控制步骤包括:
提前开关信号的第一脉冲边沿;以及
延迟开关信号的第二脉冲边沿。
6.一种用于控制电力供应系统的开关重叠避免方法,包含:
响应于开关装置的两个或更多个之间的开关重叠,通过重新调整开关信号来控制车辆的电力供应系统以避免穿过电力供应系统的一个或多个开关装置的过电压事件,
当确定重新调整哪一个开关信号时,基于母线的几何形状来确定一个开关信号相对于另一个开关信号的优先级。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,过电压事件包括超过一个或多个开关装置的额定电压的电压尖峰。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,重新调整开关信号包括:
提前开关信号的脉冲边沿;或
推迟开关信号的脉冲边沿。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法,包含如果没有过电压事件的风险则忽略开关重叠。
10.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,控制步骤包括:
提前开关信号的第一脉冲边沿;以及
延迟开关信号的第二脉冲边沿。
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