CN104643283A - Method and apparatus for detecting strand inhomogeneity of a rod of material in the tobacco processing industry - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for detecting strand inhomogeneity of a rod of material in the tobacco processing industry Download PDFInfo
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- CN104643283A CN104643283A CN201410661038.3A CN201410661038A CN104643283A CN 104643283 A CN104643283 A CN 104643283A CN 201410661038 A CN201410661038 A CN 201410661038A CN 104643283 A CN104643283 A CN 104643283A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
- A24C5/00—Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
- A24C5/32—Separating, ordering, counting or examining cigarettes; Regulating the feeding of tobacco according to rod or cigarette condition
- A24C5/34—Examining cigarettes or the rod, e.g. for regulating the feeding of tobacco; Removing defective cigarettes
- A24C5/3412—Examining cigarettes or the rod, e.g. for regulating the feeding of tobacco; Removing defective cigarettes by means of light, radiation or electrostatic fields
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
- A24C5/00—Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
- A24C5/32—Separating, ordering, counting or examining cigarettes; Regulating the feeding of tobacco according to rod or cigarette condition
- A24C5/34—Examining cigarettes or the rod, e.g. for regulating the feeding of tobacco; Removing defective cigarettes
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for detecting strand inhomogeneity of a rod of material, especially a rod of tobacco or rod of a filter tip, in the tobacco processing industry, wherein the rod of material is longitudinally axially conveyed through at least two rod measuring devices operating at different measuring frequencies. The invention also relates to an apparatus for detecting strand inhomogeneity of a rod of material in the tobacco processing industry, a rod forming machine in the tobacco processing industry, an application and a software program. In the method according to the invention, at least one comparison parameter is independently and respectively derived from measuring signals of the at least two rod measuring devices, so as to form a difference of one comparison parameter of the at least two rod measuring devices or a difference vector obtained by a plurality of differences of the plurality of comparison parameters, and whether the difference or the difference vector is within a tolerance range which has been predetermined or can be predetermined is detected, wherein, excess of the tolerance range represents unallowed strand inhomogeneity through a signal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of bar inhomogeneities (Stranginhomogenit ten) of material strips, especially tobacco rods or filter rod for identifying tobacco, wherein, described material strips Y ground is carried by the bar measurement mechanism that at least two are run with different measuring frequencies.The invention still further relates to a kind of device of bar inhomogeneities of the material strips for identifying tobacco, a kind of sett frame of tobacco, a kind of application and a kind of software program.
Background technology
The manufactured materials bar when the bar form articles of manufacture tobacco, especially cigarette with filter tip, such as tobacco rods or filter rod.This tobacco rods or filter rod are become single tobacco rod or filter stick by fixed-length cut-off after its manufacture.Common materials for the manufacture of filter rod is the tow be made up of cellulose acetate, and it can utilize softening agent, such as triacetyl glycerine to process before bar is shaped.This filter rod based on cellulose acetate can utilize a coated papers to carry out wrapping up or utilize heat treatment to manufacture so-called " non-acetic acid parcel (Non-Wrapped Acetate) " (NWA)-filter rod when it is shaped.Also article can be imbedded if desired in so a kind of filter rod.This article or other filtering feature can be had, such as activated carbon granule, or the article of carrying taste can be added, such as utilize the capsule of liquid filling.
When all material strips, require during fabrication to manufacture uniform as far as possible bar.In filter rod and tobacco rods, on the one hand because the local difference of material behavior there will be inhomogeneities.This such as causes in the following way in tobacco, i.e. the different part of tobacco leaf, such as vein and flat composition, is utilized and therefore causes the natural fluctuation in the density and composition of tobacco rods after they are pulverized in tobacco rods.In filter rod, these fluctuations are usually very little.
Not only can be changed the composition of material strips partly by foreign matter, such as metallic particles or being mingled with of plastic grain in tobacco rods but also in filter rod.The larger cavity caused due to the deleted areas in bar is also undesirable, but in general shows as the problem of ignoring.
The uniformity of the material strips of usual detection tobacco and when occurring following being excluded when the inhomogeneities of the interference of the tobacco rod of fixed-length cut-off or filter stick outside further processing, wherein, described by the tobacco rod of fixed-length cut-off or filter stick in there is this inhomogeneities.
The detection of the material strips of tobacco utilizes MMU microwave measurement unit and/or capacitive HF measurement mechanism to carry out in known systems.In the case, the measuring-signal of these measurement mechanisms and low extreme value given in advance regularly and/or higher extreme value are compared, and when lower than or determine unacceptable inhomogeneities when exceeding described low extreme value and/or higher extreme value.From EP 1 330 961 B1, there is known a kind of method for knowing and for removing the foreign matter in flow of tobacco, wherein, utilizing one the continuous print bar of tobacco filler guided by a forming station and be divided into cigarette section by a cutter sweep afterwards.Described flow of tobacco or tobacco rods stand the electromagnetic radiation of the frequency that selects in advance and detect an output signal, and this output signal illustrates the change along the moisture content of flow of tobacco, and this change is caused by the existence of the foreign matter in described stream itself.By described output signal and a upper threshold value signal and once threshold signal compare, described upper threshold value signal is given in advance to one with described lower threshold value signal and the amplitude remained unchanged is relevant.Measure when microwave frequency according to EP 1 330 961 B1.
In addition, it is the bar inhomogeneities describing a kind of material strips for identifying tobacco in the German patent application of 10 2,012 209 954.9 at the application number of applicant, especially the article imbedded are identified, the article damaged and/or the method for foreign matter, wherein, in a material strips, especially on predetermined article position, imbed article and the bar measurement mechanism conveying described material strips run with different frequencies by least two after imbedding article in tobacco rods or filter rod Y, described bar measurement mechanism is especially merged into a combined strip measurement mechanism, wherein, in order to evaluate measuring-signal, material strips is divided into the article section comprising one or more predetermined article position respectively and the dead zone section without predetermined article position, wherein, the measuring-signal of described bar measurement mechanism utilizes variant evaluation method to evaluate in described article section and described dead zone section, wherein, the position of carrying out at least one article in described article section in an article algorithm from the time variations of at least one measuring-signal described measuring-signal is determined and/or quality control, and in the section of described dead zone, apply at least one dead zone section algorithm, use it to the amount identifying shaping inhomogeneities and/or know at least one additive in bar denseness and/or described material strips.For this reason, described material strips is carried by least one micro-strip measurement mechanism and/or by least one capacitive HF bar measurement mechanism as bar measurement mechanism.
What the method for the known dielectric when applying high frequency technique or microwave technology for identifying foreign matter measured material product to be tested up to now has parameter: the complex dielectric permittivity ε of real part ε ' and imaginary part ε ' ' numerical value and phase place in other words.Described complex dielectric permittivity ε especially can be converted into the parameter of described measurement products: quality and water content.In the case, described measurement stands certain fluctuation, and these fluctuations, except the inhomogeneities of the water content owing to such as measurement products, are also attributable to the inhomogeneities of material composition.
Foreign matter in measurement products identifies usually in the following way, and namely it is different from the corresponding value of the measurement products of the reality in its surrounding environment in the value of its complex dielectric permittivity ε.Such as, plastic grain typically has the imaginary part ε ' ' obviously less compared to real part of described dielectric constant compared to tobacco.Which results in the deviation of measured value.Like this, foreign matter can only identify in the following way, and namely they are significantly different from the fluctuation of the measured value usually occurred during manufacture on its measured value.
Therefore, whether signify that this decision of foreign matter is being carried out with based single measured value in the comparing of limiting value given in advance regularly and the spacing that the measured value when normally manufacturing distributes about a measuring-signal.Therefore, the Pulse Width occurred during manufacture defines the sensitiveness of foreign matter identification or other inhomogeneities identification.Therefore, crag-fastly be, in order to identify that little foreign matter must adopt narrow boundary value, on the other hand, even if narrow boundary value also can cause the positive signal (Positivsignalen) of the mistake of foreign matter identification when there is not the inhomogeneities of actual generation interference when the Pulse Width of the normal measuring-signal occurred.
The shortcoming of the described limit for identifying inhomogeneities and limited sensitiveness is not only applicable to microwave method in principle and is applicable to high-frequency methods yet.The described limit is general and owing to the natural Pulse Width of measured value between normal production period in principle.
Summary of the invention
In contrast, task of the present invention is, a kind of method and apparatus of bar inhomogeneities of the material strips for identifying tobacco being provided, utilizing them also to identify little foreign matter and inhomogeneities with high security when the positive signal of the mistake of very little ratio.
This task is by a kind of material strips for identifying tobacco, especially the method for the bar inhomogeneities of tobacco rods or filter rod solves, wherein, material strips Y is carried by least two bar measurement mechanisms run with different measuring frequencies, described method is improved in the following way, namely from the measuring-signal of described at least two bar measurement mechanisms, derive at least one independently of each other respectively and compare parameter, one of at least two bar measurement mechanisms described in formation compares a difference of parameter or multiple multiple difference comparing parameter or the difference vector drawn by multiple multiple differences comparing parameter, and detect, a whether described difference, described multiple difference or described difference vector are in that at least one is predetermined or can within the predetermined margin of tolerance, wherein, exceeding of the described margin of tolerance reveals not permissible bar inhomogeneities by signal list.
The method based on multi-frequency method basic conception and make full use of its advantage.Along with the measuring frequency reduced, real part and the imaginary part of the dielectric constant of tobacco and other moisture plant product increase consumingly.On the contrary, this is not suitable for main interested foreign matter, such as plastics.Which results in, identical foreign matter result in the deviation of the different distances distributed from normal measured value when different frequency.In contrast, the common measured value distribution of single measured value should be only mutually different tinily when correctly calibrating described measuring system for different frequencies.In principle, the trend that expection one is superimposed when the complete faultless calibration in theory of different measuring systems.
The behavior causes, and searches this fluctuation in measured value according to the present invention, and wherein, the fluctuation of measured value is mutually obviously different when different frequencies.Standard for this is one for the margin of tolerance of the difference vector of the difference of parameter comparing parameter, namely derive.Figuratively, the single measured value can measured around one of them defines a margin of tolerance, this margin of tolerance is oval, rectangle or analogous shape, to be contemplated that in the case, if there is no foreign matter, then corresponding measured value is in this margin of tolerance when another measuring frequency.If not this situation, then there is foreign matter in the measurement volumes in bar or there is another kind of strong inhomogeneities.
Within the framework of the invention, when the difference in measured value by least two compare parameter formed time, just there is a difference vector.Therefore, concept " vector " can be exchanged with such as " tuple (Tupel) " or " to (Paar) " or similar name within a context, and these names describe the multiple values be associated.Similarly, compare parameter a pair, such as bar humidity and rod density also can be called " comparing parameter vector ".
" not permissible " inhomogeneities is interpreted as a kind of inhomogeneities within the framework of the invention, and it can cause the product that cannot use, and such as caused by foreign matter or excessive hole, the latter especially occurs in filter rod.The inhomogeneities of the Lock-in of such as tobacco rods is not comprised at this.
The advantage of the method is, the fluctuation of the measured value of single measured value substantially the same sensing and formed objects at different frequencies in normal production.Natural moisture fluctuation and density fluctuation are similar to completely the same illustrating by two kinds of measuring methods.But if there is foreign matter, then measured value is mutually different.Therefore, the phase mutual deviation of measuring-signal is only had just to cause the identification of foreign matter.Thus, for identifying that the spacing of the threshold value of foreign matter can be more than setting narrow in method up to now.Thus achieve, identify obviously less foreign matter compared to traditional method.
Owing to being balanced by the formation of difference by the natural fluctuation in measuring-signal caused by the inhomogeneities naturally existed in bar, such as especially in tobacco rods, therefore also there is the danger of the positive signal of less mistake in foreign matter identification and therefore there is less danger got rid of from further process by article good for genuine quality.
Preferably, at least one measuring frequency is in microwave range and another measuring frequency is in HF scope, wherein, the frequency be in microwave range of especially described bar measurement mechanism is greater than the frequency be in HF scope of described bar measurement mechanism with coefficient 10 to 900.Microwave range is especially interpreted as the scope between 1GHz and 30GHz, especially between 4GHz and 8GHz within the framework of the invention, and HF frequency or high frequency are interpreted as the scope between 100kHz and 300MHz, especially between 1MHz and 10MHz.
Preferably, as comparing parameter, from described measuring-signal, derive rod density and/or bar humidity and/or complex dielectric permittivity (the komplexen Dielektrizit tskonstanten) real part of complex dielectric permittivity (komplexen Permittivit t) and/or imaginary part and/or numerical value and/or phase place in other words.Described rod density is the parameter of deriving from quality.Owing to there is known the indirect inspection of quality in the dimensional measurement of known bar, therefore therefrom such as rod density can be calculated simply.
Advantageously, from the measuring-signal of at least one measurement mechanism described bar measurement mechanism, derive other measurement parameter one or more, other measurement parameter described is not derived or does not compare to the corresponding measurement parameter of described other bar measurement mechanism from the measuring-signal of each other bar measurement mechanism.Detect other material parameter thus, they are not used in and compare certainly.This way is such as also applicable to this parameter, it can measure with high accuracy and can measure with so little accuracy in another measurement mechanism in a bar measurement mechanism, and the comparison for detector bar inhomogeneities is no longer suitable for.
In a kind of favourable embodiment, in order to the deviation on evaluation time, balanced by the comparison parameter of the derivation of the time delay of the process of described measuring-signal or the bar measurement mechanism of upstream arrangement, wherein, described time delay occurs relatively with instantaneous material strips transporting velocity due to a spacing between described bar measurement mechanism drawn on bar throughput direction between described measuring-signal.
In addition, advantageously in described at least two bar measurement mechanisms, realize an identical measurement field geometry respectively, especially slit width, side are recessed etc.These measures improve compares possibility and the intercrossed calibration (Kreuz-kalibrierung) simplified between bar measurement mechanism.
In a kind of favourable transformation, when one is configured to the material strips of filter rod, wherein, by article (Objekte), especially be embedded on predetermined position in described filter rod with the capsule of liquid filling, the section with article for filter rod and the margin of tolerance without the section of article for filter rod differently define, especially mutually there is skew, and/or at least one measurement mechanism in described bar measurement mechanism utilizes a variable frequency operation, wherein, different frequencies and/or evaluation algorithms is adopted in different sections.
In the case, preferably especially also carry out the humidity of additive, especially softening agent and/or the determination of quantity in without the section of article and/or in the section of filling with article, also carry out the determination of the disappearance of article, density, quality and/or damage.The dead zone section of bar of filling with article occurred in the case and article section aspect are described in detail in German patent application for Nr. 10 2,012 209 954.9 of the application number of applicant, and its disclosure about these should be included in the application.
The preferred rectangular area of the described margin of tolerance or elliptically or shifting ground definition, wherein, the described margin of tolerance is especially relevant to the absolute value of at least one fiducial value.When comparing parameter, such as bar humidity and rod density for two, drawing the comparison parameter vector of two dimension, thus defining the margin of tolerance of two dimension for this reason.When the comparison parameter of larger quantity, correspondingly size design is carried out to the margin of tolerance.When comparing parameter for such as three, the described margin of tolerance can show the suitable space shape of an ellipsoid or cube or other.When the margin of tolerance of being out of shape, such as, the limit in corresponding size design and a directional correlation changed.Like this, can consider in the derivation of relatively parameter non-linear.
Advantageously, except evaluating the described margin of tolerance, also use at least one the absolute extremes value at least one measured value, or at least one fiducial value of at least one measurement mechanism, or at least one limiting value that the real-time mean value of measured value or fiducial value defines, this limiting value exceed or lower than not permissible bar inhomogeneities is shown by signal list.
Electronic circuit used in practice stands to drift about (Driften), such as by temperature impact, aging etc. caused by.Bar measuring system mutually harmonious thus desirable walks abreast limited in accuracy and accuracy that is that therefore measure is limited.This effect is advantageous by such as under type reduction, namely at least one compare parameter from the derivation the measuring-signal of at least two bar measurement mechanisms be in operation in real time (laufend) mutually balanced, particularly by real-time mean value, standard deviation and/or mean value combination and compare the evaluation of standard deviation of parameter, wherein, especially described in carry out adaptation for the measured value comparing parameter more inaccurate bar measurement mechanism to the corresponding measured value of more inaccurate bar measurement mechanism at least two bar measurement mechanisms.This way works, because the identification of inhomogeneities always only relates to the deviation of mean value, and that is process of short-term.In contrast, the process that drift is always long-term.
This real-time equilibrium can be carried out, because for the determination of measured value, such as bar humidity or rod density or other characteristic, usually just enough by a Measurement accuracy of a bar measurement mechanism.Corresponding measured value, the such as bar humidity of another measurement mechanism can such as by linear conversions, namely be multiplied with a linear coefficient and deduct a skew and so carry out adaptation, make standard deviation from the bar humidity of Article 2 measurement mechanism corresponding to from first, namely as with reference to the standard deviation of the bar measurement mechanism used and mean value.The formation of mean value also can be one real-time average in this case, thus linear coefficient and skew can carry out adaptation equally in real time.
When evaluating, signal to noise ratio can be improved, namely identify accuracy further via such as under type, the measured value of two frequency ranges can predetermined scope be averaging via one before evaluation respectively, and especially utilize suitable weight function, it draws from measurement field geometry.Measured value in succession and overlapping (Faltung) along the sensitiveness in bar direction on the time that being averaging of this weighting is understood to corresponding bar measurement mechanism.This material strips utilizes known speed by the corresponding measurement field conveying of bar measurement mechanism.Therefore, inhomogeneities has stopped the certain duration in resonator or measurement capacitor.Enter resonator to measure in capacitor or therefrom out time, it is very little for measuring sensitiveness, but is larger at center.Sensitiveness and physical dimension along bar direction are such as approximate Gaussian shape relatively or have another kind of corresponding trend.The measurement of certain dose known amounts is carried out respectively during passing described measure geometry shape.By the measurement of real-time addition or respective numbers utilize so calculate, measure or the weight function that obtains overlapping, inhibit the noise of single measurement point, and keep the signal obtaining inhomogeneities.
The present invention based on task also by a kind of material strips for identifying tobacco, especially the device of the bar inhomogeneities of tobacco rods or filter rod solves, this device comprises at least two and runs the bar measurement mechanism that maybe can run with different measuring frequencies, material strips one after the other can be carried or be transferred by described bar measurement mechanism Y, wherein, comprise an evaluating apparatus, it is configured to derive at least two respectively independently of each other from the measuring-signal of described at least two bar measurement mechanisms and compares parameter, difference vector is formed from the difference of the comparison parameter of described at least two bar measurement mechanisms, and detect, this difference vector is in one predetermined or can within the predetermined margin of tolerance, wherein, exceeding of the described margin of tolerance illustrates not permissible bar inhomogeneities by signal list.
This device is based on the basic conception identical with method according to the present invention and share the advantage of described method, characteristic and feature.
Preferably, at least one measurement mechanism is configured to micro-strip measurement mechanism and/or at least one measurement mechanism is configured to capacitive HF bar measurement mechanism.They preferably have same or similar measurement field geometry.
Advantageously, at least one measurement mechanism in described bar measurement mechanism is configured to utilize variable frequency to run.This is especially favourable when filter rod, imbeds article and therefore described filter rod is differently evaluated in article section and dead zone section in described filter rod.
Preferably, described device be configured to implement previously described according to method of the present invention.This particularly relates to described evaluating apparatus.
The present invention is based on of task is also solved by a kind of sett frame of tobacco, especially tobacco rods machine or filter rod machine, and it has one according to previously described according to device of the present invention.
The present invention based on the measuring-signal of task also by a kind of bar measurement mechanism for running from two with different frequencies in one or more following application of comparing a difference of parameter or the margin of tolerance of multiple difference or difference vector of deriving solve, for be identified in tobacco by the described bar measurement mechanism Y ground material strips of carrying, especially the not permissible bar inhomogeneities in tobacco rods or filter rod, and solved by a kind of software program with program code devices, when implementing on a previously described evaluating apparatus being configured to data processing equipment according to one of device of the present invention by means of described program code devices, implement previously described according to method of the present invention.
Described sett frame, described application and described software program have also been shared according to method of the present invention with according to the advantage of device of the present invention, characteristic and feature.
Further feature of the present invention is illustrated from description according to the embodiment of the present invention in conjunction with claims and accompanying drawing.The combination of each feature or multiple feature can be met according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below when not limiting total design of the present invention, by means of embodiment, the present invention is described with reference to accompanying drawing, wherein, about all do not elaborate on word according to details of the present invention all clearly with reference to accompanying drawing.Wherein:
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of the cigarette-making machine of " PROTOS " type of applicant;
Fig. 2 shows a pair schematic cross section according to bar measurement mechanism of the present invention;
Fig. 3 shows a pair schematic isometric according to bar measurement mechanism of the present invention;
Fig. 4 shows the schematic diagram of the frequency dependence of the ε ' ' of tobacco and plastics;
Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram of the known method for identifying bar inhomogeneities;
Fig. 6 shows the schematic diagram according to method of the present invention for identifying bar inhomogeneities;
Fig. 7 shows one according to the schematic diagram of signal transacting of the present invention; And
Fig. 8 shows the schematic diagram of a measuring-signal vector.
Each identical or similar element and/or part represent with identical Reference numeral in the accompanying drawings, thus avoid and repeat to introduce.
Detailed description of the invention
Diagrammatically illustrate two formula cigarette-making machines of " PROTOS " type from applicant company in FIG, these two formula cigarette-making machines are combined into by two formula machines 2 and filter tip application machine 3 with " L shape " configuration.Figure 1 illustrates the machine 1 with closed covering plate, details is not shown in view of general view.
Introduce to general introduction property below several stations of cigarette manufacture.The manufacture process of two continuous print tobacco rods starts in two formula machines 2 in two formula allocation units 4 with a predistribution device 5, and described predistribution device especially comprises a high inclination-angle conveyer and two filling hoistways and other known parts.Wherein, the Article 2 conveyer 6 of loose tobacco material to one first and one runs parallel is carried and shaken off on (aufgeschauert) bar conveyer from below, thus forming two tobacco rods, these two tobacco rods are maintained on bar conveyer by means of withdrawing air.Tobacco-containing material is carried towards the first and second specification units 8 in the mode hung on bar conveyer 6.There, these tobacco rods still opened wide utilize coated papers band to be wound around respectively in a coated papers unit 7, and these coated papers bands are gummed on a longitudinal edge edge.Next, tobacco rods is shaped as two continuous print in these two specification units 8, the closed tobacco rods with circular cross section and the gluing of coated papers band be cured.
After tobacco rods is shaped, these tobacco rods are conducted through the measurement mechanism 9 that has one or more measuring unit, and described measuring unit is for measuring the characteristic of corresponding tobacco-containing material bar.Therefore such as carefully check coated papers optically and measure bar humidity and rod density.Article two, the control of formula machine 2 is gone out to send by console 11 and carries out.
Article two, the exit of formula machine 2 has a cutter and handover unit (Mess-und ü bergabeeinheit) 10, described bar is become the many times of single tobacco rod using length by fixed-length cut-off (abgel ngt) in this cutter with handover unit, and these single tobacco rod are carried from Y and are diverted into X direction conveying and are passed in filter tip application machine 3.Filter tip application machine 3 especially also has one and covers paper unit 12, covers paper and covers the pull-out of paper unit from this, cut and gluing.Subsequently the single scraps of paper that cover are reeled around tobacco rod and two filter tip bung in the region set, thus tobacco rod and two filter tip bung are connected with each other.Finally, the two cigarettes with filter tip (Doppelzigaretten) manufactured like this cut off and are individually sent with being centered.
Energy combined strip measurement mechanism 20 used according to the invention is shown in fig. 2 with cross sectional schematic.This combined strip measurement mechanism 20 has a common housing 21, one pillar 23 is through this housing, material strips, such as filter rod or tobacco rods are guided through described pillar, wherein, first material strips enters pipe 22 by the bar with taper interior diameter and enters, and this material strips runs through described pillar 23 afterwards.
Described combined strip measurement mechanism 20 has along bar throughput direction micro-strip measurement mechanism 30 one after another and capacitive HF bar measurement mechanism 40.Described micro-strip measurement mechanism 30 such as corresponding to such micro-strip measurement mechanism, if its application number the applicant is described in the German patent application of 10 2,011 083 049.9.This micro-strip measurement mechanism has the microwave resonator 31 in a microwave resonator housing 32.Coupled antenna 33 and de-coupling antenna 34 extend in described microwave resonator 31 in order to the coupling of the microwave in the frequency range between 5 and 9GHz and de-coupling.This microwave resonator 31 is shaped on cylinder shape ground substantially, and wherein, pillar 23 middle ground runs through the microwave resonator 31 of this cylinder shape.In pillar 23, have two tapered rim 35 in the heart, their effect is to be described in the German patent application of 10 2,011 083 049.9 and their disclosure about these should be included in the application equally at application number.In the downstream of tapered rim 35 and upstream, there is side recessed 36 along bar direction, their interior diameter is widened again relative to the tip of tapered rim 35, this causes microwave field to go out not far along the direction of material strips vertically, namely, does not especially enter in capacitive HF bar measurement mechanism 40 subsequently.
In addition, described common housing 21 also comprises multiple cavitys with measurement, temperature adjustment and power electric device 37 with regard to micro-strip measurement mechanism 30, and described measurement, temperature adjustment and power electric device are integrated in described micro-strip measurement mechanism 30 thus.This has other advantage, that is, power has the temperature identical with microwave resonator 31 and the temperature obtained therefrom for whole micro-strip measurement mechanism 30 regulates with measurement electronic installation.
Capacitive HF bar measurement mechanism 40 subsequently has one with the measurement capacitor 41 of capacitor casing 42 and multiple electrode surface 43,44.Electrode surface is applied to the HF alternating voltage in 10MHz and the scope roughly between 500MHz.Corresponding capacitive HF bar measurement mechanism is known the German patent application of 10 2,011 083 052.9 from the application number of applicant, and its disclosure at this point should all be included in present patent application equally.Capacitive HF bar measurement mechanism 40 also has the wheel rim 45 of taper with regard to described electrode surface 43 and 44, and the geometry measuring capacitor 41 utilizes the geometry of these wheel rim adapt trickle wave resonators 31.The measuring-signal of micro-strip measurement mechanism 30 and the measuring-signal of capacitive HF bar measurement mechanism 40 also and can be measured the geometry of capacitor 41 and directly mutually be compared in electromagnetism alternating field thus about the geometry of microwave resonator 31 thus.There is the recessed tapered rim in corresponding side 45 and cause HF field axially stretching out not far from measurement capacitor 41 and especially not entering in microwave resonator 31 in this case along material strips.
Capacitive HF bar measurement mechanism 40 also has measurement in the cavity being integrated in common housing 21, temperature adjustment and power electric device 47.All power electric device, measurement electronic installation and the register of whole combined strip measurement mechanism 20 are integrated in this combined strip measurement mechanism 20 thus.
The combined strip measurement mechanism 20 in Fig. 2 is diagrammatically illustrated in figure 3 in stereogram.Observer can see the leading flank of combined strip measurement mechanism 20, and it has micro-strip measurement mechanism 30 and bar enters pipe 22 and the pillar 23 can seen in inside.Capacitive HF bar measurement mechanism 40 is had at after this mask.Single housing is connected to a common housing.
Figure 4 illustrates the frequency dependence of the imaginary part ε ' ' of tobacco and plastics.Not only (arbitrary unit (arbitrary units) ") represents with arbitrary unit " a.u " for abscissa but also ordinate.The imaginary part ε ' ' of dielectric constant is expressed as ordinate y-axis in other words, frequency equally with arbitrary unit representation for abscissa x-axis in other words.The ε ' ' of tobacco is expressed as curve 60 with the trend of frequency dependence and has when microwave frequency than numerical value obviously less in high frequency.The numerical value being expressed as the ε ' ' of the plastics of curve 61 is flat and is almost zero.
This means that when calibrating described measurement be such: such as derive bar humidity and rod density respectively from microwave measuring signals and from HF measuring-signal, the existence of the foreign matter be made of plastics will have visibly different impact in the measuring-signal of MMU microwave measurement unit and HF measurement mechanism, thus the measuring-signal making to deflect by this way (abgelenkten) has obviously larger difference in case by than in uniform part, namely not having foreign matter to deposit.
Figure 5 illustrates for through MMU microwave measurement unit by the exemplary two dimensional measuring-signal I of the MMU microwave measurement unit of tobacco rods transmitted
mW.On the horizontal axis with arbitrary unit representation rod density ρ, and show bar humidity ψ with arbitrary unit on a vertical axis.The measured value of these parameters fluctuates quite consumingly especially in the dimension of rod density ρ, and they are more concentrated with regard to bar humidity ψ.Owing to there is different tobacco portion such as burr and changing without the blade part of burr in the suitable patch of rod density of tobacco rods, wherein, described burr has higher density, and the blade part without burr has less density.Thus, the combination be made up of rod density value and bar humidity value is obtained for each measurement point.
Weight fluctuation width causes mainly through density in esse in bar is different, and the Pulse Width in water content is mainly owing to the fluctuation of water content.Because the tobacco processed is temperature adjustment, a more constant water content therefore can be expected.The Pulse Width measured, except the inhomogeneities of water content, also comprises the inhomogeneities of material composition certainly.In vertical axes, illustrated that a signal with larger Pulse Width moves towards in Figure 5.
Foreign matter in measurement products identifies in the following way, and namely it is different from the corresponding value of the measurement products in its surrounding environment in the value of its complex dielectric permittivity.Because a such as plastic pellet typically has the obviously less imaginary part ε ' ' compared to real part of dielectric constant compared with tobacco, therefore which results in measured value such as along in Figure 5 by the deviation in the direction shown in arrow 1.Like this, foreign matter can only identify in the following way, and namely they are different from the fluctuation of the measured value usually occurred during manufacture on its measured value.About what be foreign matter what no determines that the spacing that to be based single measured value distribute with the measured value in manufacturing normally is carried out.Distribution due to measured value is typically stretching, extension along axis of abscissas and is narrow along axis of ordinates direction, is therefore used as the main standard identifying foreign matter along the axial deviation of ordinate.For this purpose, introduce threshold value A and a upper threshold value B, they lower than or exceed and be used as the signal of foreign matter.
Fig. 5 also illustrates, the Pulse Width occurred during manufacture defines the sensitiveness identifying foreign matter.Like this, such as result in lower than threshold value A from the foreign matter 2 of a lower ordinate value, and do not cause lower than this threshold value from the identical foreign matter 3 of higher ordinate value.If want to identify little foreign matter, then the spacing little especially distributed with average measured value just must be identified as foreign matter.Due to the very little spacing of the measured value of threshold value and appearance, when the spacing that threshold value and average signal move towards is selected too small, fluctuated, as moved towards I at signal by the static state of measured value
mWwhen such, easily can there is the unwarranted identification of foreign matter.Foreign matter little is especially merely able to the little change causing dielectric constant, within these changes are retained in the distribution of normal measured value.Therefore this foreign matter is not identified.
Figure 6 illustrates in Figure 5 shown in measuring-signal trend according to evaluation of the present invention.The measured value that illustrate only again from MMU microwave measurement unit as solid line moves towards I
mW.But, for I
mWmeasurement point or measured value to or measured value vector (ρ, ψ) also show the measuring-signal I of HF bar measurement mechanism
hFthe measurement point corresponding to same bar section, this measurement point and measurement point I
mWnot only also different on the rod density of deriving in the humidity derived.
Search this fluctuation in described measured value in this case, under this fluctuation, the deviation of measured value on the ordinate and/or abscissa of different frequency is mutually different significantly.If the single measured value around microwave measurement defines a margin of tolerance 70, it defines in figure 6 ovally, then expectedly, the corresponding measured value that HF measures is in this margin of tolerance.This is shown in Figure 6.If other measured value is in beyond this margin of tolerance, then this is the standard existed for foreign matter.
The advantage of the method is, the measured value fluctuation of single measured value in normal manufacture balances in the following way, and namely described fluctuation is produced due to the inhomogeneities of the reality in bar and is parallel in therefore measuring at two kinds and formed by a difference and eliminate largely.Spacing as the described threshold value of the definition of the margin of tolerance therefore can be more than setting narrow in method up to now.Thus achieve, than identifying obviously less foreign matter up to now.
Diagrammatically illustrate the flow process of signal transacting in the figure 7.From the left side, in a method step 81 or 81', analyzing the direct measuring-signal from micro-strip measurement mechanism and HF bar measurement mechanism and know and compare parameter, is rod density ρ in this case
1', ρ
2with bar humidity value ψ
1' and ψ
2.First pass through a bar measurement mechanism due to bar and afterwards by the conveying of another measurement mechanism, therefore drawn temporal skew (Versatz).Therefore the measured value ρ simultaneously obtained
1' and ρ
2or ψ
1' and ψ
2relate to different bar sections and cannot mutually compare.Therefore in a method step 82 added, execution one is corresponding to the temporal delay of time, and this delay arrives Article 2 measurement mechanism for making described bar from Article 1 measurement mechanism.The result of this operation is that a fiducial value is to ρ
1and ψ
1, it relates to the fiducial value from Article 2 measurement mechanism ρ
2, ψ
2identical bar section.
From rod density measured value ρ in method step 83
1and ρ
2middle formation one difference DELTA ρ and from bar humidity measurements ψ
1and ψ
2middle formation one difference DELTA ψ.Therefore a difference vector Δ ρ, Δ ψ has been drawn.This difference vector is detected in method step 84, within it is in the predetermined margin of tolerance 70.If it is in beyond this margin of tolerance 70, then by signal list, the existence of foreign matter or the existence of other not permissible inhomogeneities are shown, and relevant bar section is excluded the process of continuation after being become bar form articles, such as filter stick or tobacco rod by fixed-length cut-off.
Poor formation for Δ ρ and Δ ψ can be carried out utterly, be that is included into one under any circumstance on the occasion of | Δ ρ | or | Δ ψ | in.Then, should on the occasion of the function that can define in this range with, such as 1/4th ellipses compare.On the other hand, this value also can compare with each suitable limiting value of setting.This situation is corresponding to the margin of tolerance of a rectangle.This approach is effective especially in the nonlinear situation disappeared.
Also can distinguished for comparing between the upper threshold value of parameter and lower threshold value respectively.Therefore, replace the oval margin of tolerance, also can determine (deformierter) margin of tolerance of a distortion, its consider the non-linear of described measurement and based on dielectric constant.
In one design, carry out the summed square that the corresponding weight coefficient of a utilization is weighted, its numerical value must be less than a threshold value S.This design is corresponding to the margin of tolerance of an ellipse.
Fig. 8 shows the schematic diagram of the measuring-signal vector of a MMU microwave measurement unit, from the measuring-signal I of this MMU microwave measurement unit
mWthe complex dielectric permittivity (komplexen Permittivit t) of middle derivation strip material is the real part ε ' of complex dielectric permittivity (komplexen Dielektrizit tskonstate) ε and imaginary part ε ' ' in other words.Similarly, suitably can indicate the numerical value of described complex dielectric permittivity and phase place and be used as the basis according to comparison of the present invention for identifying bar inhomogeneities.In these cases, advantageously the ε value of different frequencies is fitted on identical Pulse Width pro rata.This is such as undertaken by linear transformation, wherein, for the measured value of the bar measurement mechanism of the more inaccurate or less stable of observed comparison parameter by being multiplied with linear coefficient and subtracting each other with the skew with regard to their mean value and their Pulse Width or standard deviation or be added, with more accurately or the mean value of more stable bar measurement mechanism and Pulse Width suitable.This adaptation can be carried out in real time.
All aforesaid features and the feature only known from accompanying drawing, also have and feature disclosed in the combined ground of further feature, individually and in combination, be considered as emphasis place of the present invention.The combination of each feature or multiple feature can be met according to the embodiment of the present invention.Within the framework of the invention, the feature utilizing " especially " or " preferably " to represent is understood to optional feature.
reference numerals list
1 machine
2 sett frames
3 filter tip application machine
4 allocation units
5 predistribution devices
Article 6, conveyer
7 coated papers unit
8 specification units
9 measurement mechanisms
10 cuttves and handover unit
11 consoles
12 cover paper unit
20 combined strip measurement mechanisms
21 common housings
Article 22, enter pipe
23 pillars
30 micro-strip measurement mechanisms
31 microwave resonators
32 microwave resonator housings
33 coupled antennas
34 de-coupling antennas
35 tapered rim
36 sides are recessed
37 measurements, temperature adjustment and power electric device
40 capacitive HF bar measurement mechanisms
41 measure capacitor
42 capacitor casing
43,44 electrode surfaces
45 tapered rim
46 sides are recessed
47 measure electronic installation, temperature adjustment electronic installation and power electric device
60 tobaccos with frequency dependence move towards ε ' '
61 plastics with frequency dependence move towards ε ' '
70 margins of tolerance
81,81 ' signal transacting
82 postpone
The formation of 83 difference vectors
84 with the comparing of the margin of tolerance
The complex dielectric permittivity of ε material
The real part of ε ', ε ' ' complex dielectric permittivity and imaginary part
| ε |,
the numerical value of complex dielectric permittivity and phase place
ρ rod density
ψ bar humidity
A low extreme value
B higher extreme value
F
hFfrequency in HF scope
F
mWfrequency in microwave range
I
hFmeasured value moves towards HF
I
mWmeasured value moves towards microwave
1,2,3 changes when there is plastic grain in bar.
Claims (26)
1. for identifying the method for the bar inhomogeneities of the material strips of tobacco, wherein, described material strips Y ground passes through with different measuring frequency (f
hF, f
mW) run at least two bar measurement mechanisms (30,40) conveying, it is characterized in that, from the measuring-signal of described at least two bar measurement mechanisms (30,40), derive at least one independently of each other respectively compare parameter (ρ
1, ψ
1; ε
1', ε
1' '; | ε
1|,
1; ρ
2, ψ
2; ε
2', ε
2' '; | ε
2|,
2) (method step 81,81 '), described in formation, one of at least two bar measurement mechanisms (30,40) is compared parameter (ρ
1, ψ
1; ε
1', ε
1' '; | ε
1|,
1; ρ
2, ψ
2; ε
2', ε
2' '; | ε
2|,
2) a difference (Δ ρ; Δ ψ; Δ ε '; Δ ε ' '; Δ | ε |; Δ
) or multiplely compare parameter (ρ
1, ψ
1; ε
1', ε
1' '; | ε
1|,
1; ρ
2, ψ
2; ε
2', ε
2' '; | ε
2|,
2) multiple difference or compare parameter (ρ by multiple
1, ψ
1; ε
1', ε
1' '; | ε
1|,
1; ρ
2, ψ
2; ε
2', ε
2' '; | ε
2|,
2) the difference vector ({ Δ ρ, Δ ψ } that draws of multiple differences; { Δ ε ', Δ ε ' ' }; Δ | ε |, Δ
) (method step 83), and to detect, whether a described difference (Δ ρ; Δ ψ; Δ ε '; Δ ε ' '; Δ | ε |; Δ
), described multiple difference or described difference vector ({ Δ ρ, Δ ψ }; { Δ ε ', Δ ε ' ' }; Δ | ε |, Δ
) be in that at least one is predetermined or can within the predetermined margin of tolerance (70) (method step 84), wherein, exceeding of the described margin of tolerance (70) goes out not permissible bar inhomogeneities by Signal aspects.
2., by method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described material strips is tobacco rods or filter rod.
3., by method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, at least one measuring frequency (f
mW) to be in microwave range and at least one other measuring frequency (f
hF) be in HF scope.
4., by method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the frequency be in microwave range of described bar measurement mechanism (30) is greater than the frequency be in HF scope of described bar measurement mechanism (40) with coefficient 10 to 900.
5. by method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, as comparing parameter, derive from described measuring-signal rod density (ρ), bar humidity (ψ), the real part (ε ') of complex dielectric permittivity (ε), imaginary part (ε ' '), numerical value (| ε |) and/or phase place (
).
6. by method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, from the measuring-signal of at least one measurement mechanism described bar measurement mechanism (30,40), derive other measurement parameter one or more, other measurement parameter described is not derived or does not compare with the corresponding measurement parameter of described other bar measurement mechanism (30,40) from the measuring-signal of each other bar measurement mechanism (30,40).
7. by method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in order to evaluate between described measuring-signal due to a temporal deviation occurred relatively along the spacing of bar throughput direction between described bar measurement mechanism (30,40) and instantaneous material strips transporting velocity, balanced (method step 82) by the process measuring-signal of bar measurement mechanism of upstream arrangement or the temporal delay of the comparison parameter of derivation.
8. by method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when one is configured to the material strips of filter rod, wherein, article are embedded in described filter rod on predetermined position, the section with article for described filter rod and the margin of tolerance without the section of article for described filter rod differently define, and/or at least one measurement mechanism in described bar measurement mechanism (30,40) utilizes a variable frequency operation, wherein, in different sections, different frequencies and/or evaluation algorithms is adopted.
9., by method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, described article are the capsules with liquid filling.
10., by method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, the section with article for described filter rod and the margin of tolerance for the section of described filter rod define with a skew mutually.
11. by method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, also carries out the humidity of additive and/or the determination of quantity in without the section of article and/or in the section of filling with article, also carries out the determination of the disappearance of article, density, quality and/or damage.
12. by method according to claim 11, and it is characterized in that, described additive is softening agent.
13. by method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described margin of tolerance is rectangular area or elliptically or shifting ground definition.
14. by method according to claim 13, and it is characterized in that, the described margin of tolerance is relevant to the absolute value of at least one fiducial value.
15. by method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, except evaluating the described margin of tolerance, also use at least one at least one measured value at least one measurement mechanism (30,40) or the absolute extremes value of at least one fiducial value, or use at least one limiting value (A, B) defined for the real-time mean value of a measured value or fiducial value, this limiting value exceed or lower than not permissible bar inhomogeneities is shown by signal list.
16. by method according to claim 1, and it is characterized in that, at least one compares parameter (ρ, ψ; ε ', ε ' '; | ε |,
) to be in operation from the derivation the measuring-signal of at least two bar measurement mechanisms (30,40) and mutually to weigh in real time.
17. by method according to claim 16, it is characterized in that, described balance describedly compares parameter (ρ, ψ by evaluating; ε ', ε ' '; | ε |,
) real-time mean value, standard deviation and/or the combination that formed by mean value and standard deviation carry out.
18. by method according to claim 16, it is characterized in that, mating with the corresponding measured value of more inaccurate bar measurement mechanism (30,40) for the described measured value comparing parameter more inaccurate bar measurement mechanism in described at least two bar measurement mechanisms (30,40).
19. for identifying the device of the bar inhomogeneities of the material webs of tobacco, comprises at least two with different measuring frequency (f
hF, f
mW) run the bar measurement mechanism (30,40) that maybe can run, continuously by described bar measurement mechanism can carry or carry material strips Y, wherein, comprise an evaluating apparatus, it is configured to derive at least one independently of each other respectively from the measuring-signal of described at least two bar measurement mechanisms (30,40) and compares parameter (ρ
1, ψ
1; ε
1', ε
1' '; | ε
1|,
1; ρ
2, ψ
2; ε
2', ε
2' '; | ε
2|,
2), described in formation, one of at least two bar measurement mechanisms (30,40) is compared parameter (ρ
1, ψ
1; ε
1', ε
1' '; | ε
1|,
1; ρ
2, ψ
2; ε
2', ε
2' '; | ε
2|,
2) a difference (Δ ρ; Δ ψ; Δ ε '; Δ ε ' '; Δ | ε |; Δ
) or compare parameter (ρ by multiple
1, ψ
1; ε
1', ε
1' '; | ε
1|,
1; ρ
2, ψ
2; ε
2', ε
2' '; | ε
2|,
2) the difference vector ({ Δ ρ, Δ ψ } that draws of multiple differences; { Δ ε ', Δ ε ' ' }; Δ | ε |, Δ
), and to detect, whether described difference vector ({ Δ ρ, Δ ψ }; { Δ ε ', Δ ε ' ' }; Δ | ε |, Δ
) be in one predetermined or can within the predetermined margin of tolerance (70), wherein, exceeding of the described margin of tolerance (70) goes out not permissible bar inhomogeneities by Signal aspects.
20. by device according to claim 19, and it is characterized in that, at least one measurement mechanism (30,40) is configured to micro-strip measurement mechanism (30) and/or at least one measurement mechanism (30,40) is configured to capacitive HF bar measurement mechanism (40).
21., by device according to claim 19, is characterized in that, at least one measurement mechanism in described bar measurement mechanism (30,40) is configured to utilize variable frequency to run.
22., by device according to claim 19, is characterized in that, described device is configured to implement according to the method according to any one of claim 1 to 18.
The sett frame (2) of 23. tobacco, has one according to the device according to any one of claim 19 to 22.
24. by sett frame according to claim 23 (2), and it is characterized in that, described slivering machine causes tobacco rods machine or filter rod machine.
25. for from two with different frequency (f
hF, f
mW) derive in the measuring-signal of bar measurement mechanism (30,40) that runs one or morely compare parameter (ρ
1, ψ
1; ε
1', ε
1' '; | ε
1|,
1; ρ
2, ψ
2; ε
2', ε
2' '; | ε
2|,
2) a difference or multiple difference or difference vector ({ Δ ρ, Δ ψ }; { Δ ε ', Δ ε ' ' }; Δ | ε |, Δ
) the application of the margin of tolerance (70), for be identified in tobacco by the not permissible bar inhomogeneities in the material strips of bar measurement mechanism (30,40) Y ground conveying.
26. software programs with program code devices, by means of described program code devices, the evaluating apparatus being configured to data processing equipment according to one of the device described in claim 19 to 22 when implementing, implement one according to the method according to any one of claim 1 to 18.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013223535.6 | 2013-11-19 | ||
| DE102013223535.6A DE102013223535A1 (en) | 2013-11-19 | 2013-11-19 | Method and device for detecting strand inhomogeneities of a material strand of the tobacco processing industry |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104643283A true CN104643283A (en) | 2015-05-27 |
| CN104643283B CN104643283B (en) | 2020-01-21 |
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ID=51900129
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410661038.3A Active CN104643283B (en) | 2013-11-19 | 2014-11-19 | Method and device for detecting strand inhomogeneities in a rod of material in the tobacco processing industry |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2873334B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104643283B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102013223535A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107692306A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2018-02-16 | 虹霓机械制造有限公司 | For identify and/or check be inserted into tobacco rod or rod-shaped articles in object method and apparatus |
| CN111487296A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-04 | 郑州星驰智能科技有限公司 | Method for detecting mixing uniformity of powdery material |
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| DE102015119453B4 (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2017-06-22 | Hauni Maschinenbau Gmbh | Apparatus and method for determining the proportion of at least one additive in a tobacco-containing substance, and machine of the tobacco-processing industry |
| DE102020123754A1 (en) | 2020-09-11 | 2022-03-17 | Endress+Hauser Conducta Gmbh+Co. Kg | Button for detecting phase transitions |
| DE102020129732B3 (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-12-02 | Tews Elektronik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method and device for the detection of capsule defects in a filter in the tobacco processing industry |
| DE102021110760A1 (en) | 2021-04-27 | 2022-10-27 | Tews Elektronik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for measuring an additive content in tobacco paper for electronic cigarettes |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102013223535A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
| EP2873334A1 (en) | 2015-05-20 |
| EP2873334B2 (en) | 2023-09-13 |
| EP2873334B1 (en) | 2019-01-30 |
| CN104643283B (en) | 2020-01-21 |
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