CN104640675A - Abrasive article for lower speed grinding operations - Google Patents
Abrasive article for lower speed grinding operations Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104640675A CN104640675A CN201380042495.8A CN201380042495A CN104640675A CN 104640675 A CN104640675 A CN 104640675A CN 201380042495 A CN201380042495 A CN 201380042495A CN 104640675 A CN104640675 A CN 104640675A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- binding material
- percentage
- weight
- abrasive
- bonded abrasive
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
- B24D3/14—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings
- B24D3/18—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings for porous or cellular structure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
- B24D3/06—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
Abstract
An abrasive article includes a bonded abrasive body having abrasive particles contained within a bond material. The bonded abrasive body may include an abrasive particle-to-bond material interfacial modulus of elasticity (MOE) of at least about 225 GPa. The bonded abrasive body may be configured to grind a workpiece comprising metal at a speed of less than about 60 m/s.
Description
Technical field
Below relate to abrasive article, and particularly relate to the bonded abrasive articles being suitable for carrying out low speed grinding action.
Background technology
Milling tool is usually formed as having the grinding crystal grain be included in binding material and removes application for material.Superfinishing crystal grain (such as, diamond or cubic boron nitride) or crystal seed (or even non-crystal seed) sinter sol-gel alumina grinding crystal grain, grind crystal grain also referred to as crystallite a aluminium oxide (MCA), can be applicable to such milling tool.Binding material can be organic material, such as resin, or is inorganic material, such as glass or vitreous material.Especially, vitreous bond material is utilized commercially to be conducive to grinding with the bonded abrasive instrument comprising MCA crystal grain or superfinishing crystal grain.
Specific bonded abrasive instrument, especially utilizes those of vitreous bond material, requires elevated temperature forming process, be generally about 1100 DEG C or higher, and this can have deterioration impact to the grinding crystal grain of MCA.In fact, have realized that under forming milling tool this raised temperature necessary, binding material can react with grinding crystal grain especially MCA crystal grain, and damages the integrality of abrasive material, reduces acutance and the Performance Characteristics of crystal grain.Therefore, industrial having turned to reduces the necessary forming temperature of formation binding material to suppress to grind the high temperature degradation of crystal grain in forming process.The industrial lasting performance requiring this bonded abrasive articles of improvement.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By referring to accompanying drawing, the disclosure can be understood better, and many feature and advantage of the present disclosure are apparent to those skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 comprises the diagram of the bonded abrasive body for prior art and the percentage void according to the bonded abrasive body of embodiment herein, abrasive material percentage and binding material percentage.
Fig. 2 comprises explanation grinding crystal grain, binding material and the modulus at their interface and the photo of hardness test.
Fig. 3 comprises the table of two conventional adhesive abrasive articles and the elastic modelling quantity (MOE) at abrasive particle, binding material and the abrasive particle compared with the bonded abrasive articles of embodiment herein-binding material interface.
Fig. 4 comprises the table of two conventional adhesive abrasive articles and the hardness at abrasive particle, binding material and the abrasive particle compared with the bonded abrasive articles of embodiment herein-binding material interface.
Fig. 5 comprises the schematic diagram illustrated along the abrasive article of the loss of the shape of both x-axis and y-axis.
Fig. 6 comprise for conventional adhesive abrasive article with according to the bonded abrasive articles of embodiment, surface smoothness Ra relative to feed rate (Z ' figure w).
Fig. 7 comprise for conventional adhesive abrasive article with according to the bonded abrasive articles of embodiment, the material of 5 grindings remove relative to feed rate (Z ' figure w).
Fig. 8 comprise for conventional adhesive abrasive article with according to the bonded abrasive articles of embodiment, for illustration of the x-axis radius of angle immobilisation factor (corner holding factor) change relative to feed rate (Z ' figure w).
Fig. 9 comprise for conventional adhesive abrasive article with according to the bonded abrasive articles of embodiment, for illustration of the y-axis radius of angle immobilisation factor change relative to feed rate (Z ' figure w).
Figure 10 comprises for the chart of conventional adhesive abrasive article with the parts repaired according to the bonded abrasive articles of embodiment at every turn.
Figure 11 comprises for conventional adhesive abrasive article and the chart according to the circulation timei of the bonded abrasive articles of embodiment.
Use the article that identical description of reference numerals is similar or identical in different drawings.
Detailed description of the invention
Below relate to bonded abrasive articles, it is applicable to the grinding of workpiece and shaping.It should be noted, the bonded abrasive articles of embodiment can be included in the abrasive particle in vitreous bond material herein.Use the suitable applications of the bonded abrasive articles of embodiment herein to comprise grinding action, comprise such as centerless grinding, cylindricalo grinding, crankshaft grinding, the operation of various surfacing, bearing and gear grinding operation, creep feed grinding and the application of various tool shop.
According to an embodiment, the method forming the bonded abrasive articles of an embodiment can from the mixture forming suitable compound and component with forming binding material.Binding material can be formed by the compound of inorganic material, such as oxide compound.Such as a kind of suitable oxide material can comprise silica (SiO
2).According to an embodiment, binding material can be formed by the silica of about 55wt% of the gross weight being no more than binding material.In other embodiments, the content of silica can be less, such as, be no more than about 54wt%, be no more than about 53wt%, be no more than about 52wt%, or even do not exceed about 51wt%.In addition, in certain embodiments, binding material can by with the total weight of binding material at least about 45wt%, such as at least about 46wt%, approximately at least about 47wt%, at least about 48wt%, or even to be formed at least about the silica of 49wt%.Should be understood that the amount of silica can in the scope between any person in above-mentioned minimum percent and largest percentage.
Binding material also can comprise the aluminium oxide (Al of certain content
2o
3).Such as, binding material can comprise with the aluminium oxide of the total weight of binding material at least about 12wt%.In other embodiments, the amount of aluminium oxide can be at least about 14wt%, at least about 15wt% or even at least about 16wt%.In some cases, binding material can comprise and be not more than about 23wt% with the total weight of binding material, is not more than about 21wt%, is not more than about 20wt%, is not more than about 19wt%, or is not even greater than the alumina amount of about 18wt%.Should be understood that the amount of aluminium oxide can in the scope between any person in above-mentioned minimum percent and largest percentage.
In some cases, binding material can by the specific ratios (SiO of the amount (measuring with percentage by weight) of the amount of silica (measuring with percentage by weight) relative Oxidation aluminium
2/ Al
2o
3) formed.Such as, the ratio of silica and aluminium oxide can be described by the percentage by weight of the percentage by weight of the silica in binding material divided by aluminium oxide.According to an embodiment, the ratio of silica and aluminium oxide can be and is not more than about 3.2.In other cases, the silica in binding material and the ratio of aluminium oxide can be and be not more than about 3.1, be not more than about 3.0, or are not even greater than about 2.9.In addition, in some cases, binding material can be formed as making the ratio of the percentage by weight of silica and the percentage by weight of aluminium oxide can be at least about 2.2, be such as approximately at least about 2.4 at least about 2.3, such as, at least about 2.5, at least about 2.6, or even at least about 2.7.Should be understood that the total amount of aluminium oxide and silica can in the scope between any person in above-mentioned minimum of a value and maximum.
According to an embodiment, binding material can by a certain amount of boron oxide (B
2o
3) formed.Such as, binding material can comprise the boron oxide being not more than about 20wt% with the total weight of binding material.In other cases, the amount of boron oxide can also be less, such as, be not more than about 19wt%, be not more than about 18wt%, be not more than about 17wt%, or be not even greater than about 16wt%.In addition, binding material can by with the total weight of binding material at least about 11wt%, such as, at least about 12wt%, at least about 13wt%, or even to be formed at least about the boron oxide of 14wt%.Should be understood that the amount of boron oxide can in the scope between any person in above-mentioned minimum percent and largest percentage.
According to an embodiment, binding material can be formed as that the total content of the percentage by weight of the boron oxide in binding material and the percentage by weight of silica (i.e. summation) be can be and be not more than about 70wt% with the total weight of binding material.In other cases, the total content of silica and boron oxide can be and is not more than about 69wt%, such as, be not more than about 68wt%, is not more than about 67wt%, or is not even greater than about 66wt%.According to a particular, the total weight percent content of silica and boron oxide can be with the total weight of binding material at least about 55wt%, such as at least about 58wt%, at least about 60wt%, at least about 62wt%, at least about 63wt%, at least about 64wt%, or even at least about 65wt%.Should be understood that the total weight percent of silica in binding material and boron oxide can in the scope between any person in above-mentioned minimum percent and largest percentage.
In addition, under specific circumstances, the amount of the silica in binding material can be greater than the amount of boron oxide, measures with percentage by weight.It should be noted, the amount of silica can be the amount of boron oxide at least about 1.5 times, at least about 1.7 times, at least about 1.8 times, at least about 1.9 times, at least about 2.0 times, or even at least about 2.5 times.In addition, in one embodiment, binding material can comprise be not more than about 5 times, be such as not more than about 4 times, be not more than about 3.8 times, or be not even greater than the amount of silica of about 3.5 times.Should be understood that the amount of silica can in the scope between any person in above-mentioned minimum of a value and maximum relative to the difference of the amount of boron oxide.
According to an embodiment, binding material can by least one alkali oxide compound (R
2o) formed, wherein R representative is selected from the metal of the IA race element of the periodic table of elements.Such as, binding material can by being selected from lithia (Li
2o), sodium oxide molybdena (Na
2o), potassium oxide (K
2and cesium oxide (Cs O)
2o) and combination alkali oxide compound (R
2o) formed.
According to an embodiment, the alkali oxide compound that binding material can be not more than about 20wt% by total content with the total weight of binding material is formed.For other bonded abrasive articles according to embodiment herein, the total content of alkali oxide compound can be and is not more than about 19wt%, is not more than about 18wt%, is not more than about 17wt%, is not more than about 16wt%, or is not even greater than about 15wt%.In addition, in one embodiment, the total content of the alkali oxide compound in binding material can be at least about 10wt%, such as at least about 12wt%, at least about 13wt%, or even at least about 14wt%.Should be understood that in binding material the total content of the alkali oxide compound in the scope between any person that can be included in above-mentioned minimum percent and largest percentage.
According to a particular, binding material can be formed by being not more than about 3 kinds of above-mentioned independent alkali oxide compounds (R2O).In fact, some binding material can be included in binding material the alkali oxide compound being not more than about 2 kinds.
In addition, binding material can be formed as making the independent content of any alkali oxide compound in binding material be no more than 1/2nd of the total content (by weight percentage) of alkali oxide compound.In addition, according to a particular, the amount of sodium oxide molybdena can be greater than the content (percentage by weight) of lithia or potassium oxide.In particularly situation, the total content of the sodium oxide molybdena measured with percentage by weight can be greater than the summation of the content of lithia and the potassium oxide measured with percentage by weight.In addition, in one embodiment, the content of lithia can be greater than the content of potassium oxide.
According to an embodiment, form the amount (by weight percentage) that can be less than the boron oxide in binding material with the total amount of the alkali oxide compound of percentage by weight measurement of binding material.In fact, in some cases, the total weight percent of the alkali oxide compound in binding material, can in the scope of about 0.9 to 1.5 compared with the total weight percent of boron oxide, such as in the scope of about 0.9 to 1.3, or even in the scope of about 0.9 to 1.1.
Binding material can be formed by a certain amount of alkaline earth metal compound (RO), wherein the IIA race element of R representative element periodic table.Such as, binding material can comprise alkaline earth oxide compound, such as calcium oxide (CaO), magnesia (MgO), barium monoxide (BaO), or even strontium oxide strontia (SrO).According to an embodiment, binding material can containing the alkaline earth oxide compound being not more than about 3.0wt% with the total weight of binding material.In other cases, binding material can containing less alkaline earth oxide compound, such as, be approximately to be not more than about 2.8wt%, to be not more than about 2.2wt%, to be not more than about 2.0wt%, or is not even greater than about 1.8wt%.In addition, according to an embodiment, it is with the total weight of binding material at least about 0.5wt% that binding material can comprise content, such as at least about 0.8wt%, at least about 1.0wt%, or even at least about the one or more of alkaline earth oxide compounds of 1.4wt%.Should be understood that the amount of the alkaline earth oxide compound in binding material can in the scope between any person in above-mentioned minimum percent and largest percentage.
According to an embodiment, binding material can be formed by being not more than about 3 kinds of different alkaline earth oxide compounds.In fact, binding material can comprise and be not more than 2 kinds of alkaline earth oxide compounds.In a particular case, 2 kinds of alkaline earth oxide compounds that binding material can be made up of calcium oxide and magnesia are formed.
In one embodiment, binding material can comprise the amount of the calcium oxide larger than magnesian amount.In addition, the amount of the calcium oxide in binding material can be greater than the content of any one in other alkaline earth oxide compounds existed in binding material.
Binding material can being combined to form by alkali oxide compound and alkaline earth oxide compound, is not more than about 20wt% to make total content with the total weight of binding material.In other embodiments, the total content of the alkali oxide compound in binding material and alkaline earth oxide compound can be and is not more than about 19wt%, such as, be not more than about 18wt%, or is not even greater than about 17wt%.But in certain embodiments, the total content of the alkali oxide compound existed in binding material and alkaline earth oxide compound can be at least about 12wt%, such as at least about 13wt%, such as at least about 14wt%, at least about 15wt%, or even at least about 16wt%.Should be understood that the total content of alkali oxide compound in the scope between any person that binding material can have in above-mentioned minimum percent and largest percentage and alkaline earth oxide compound.
According to an embodiment, the content that binding material can be formed as the alkali oxide compound making to exist in binding material is greater than the total content of alkaline earth oxide compound.In one particular embodiment, binding material can be formed as the ratio (R that makes the total content (by weight percentage) of alkali oxide compound relative to the total weight percent of alkaline earth oxide compound
2the scope of about 5: 1 to about 15: 1 in O: RO).In other embodiments, the ratio of the total weight percent of the alkali oxide compound existed in binding material and the total weight percent of alkaline earth oxide compound is in the scope of about 6: 1 to about 14: 1, such as in the scope of about 7: 1 to about 12: 1, or even in the scope of about 8: 1 to about 10: 1.
According to an embodiment, binding material can be formed by the phosphorus pentoxide being not more than about 3wt% with the total weight of binding material.In some other cases, binding material can comprise and be not more than about 2.5wt% with the total weight of binding material, such as be not more than about 2.0wt%, be not more than about 1.5wt%, be not more than about 1.0wt%, be not more than about 0.8wt%, be not more than about 0.5wt%, or be not even greater than the phosphorus pentoxide of about 0.2wt%.In fact, in some cases, binding material can be substantially free of phosphorus pentoxide.The appropriate level of phosphorus pentoxide can contribute to some characteristic and grinding performance characteristic as described herein.
According to an embodiment, binding material can (comprise such as, as MnO by some oxide compound be no more than containing being not more than about 1wt%
2, ZrSiO
2, CoAl
2o
4with the oxide compound of MgO) composition formed.In fact, in specific embodiments, binding material can be substantially free of above-indicated oxide compound.
Except being placed in the binding material of mixture, the method forming bonded abrasive articles also can comprise the abrasive particle introducing certain type.According to an embodiment, abrasive particle can comprise microcrystalline alumina (MCA).In fact, in some cases, abrasive particle can be made up of microcrystalline alumina substantially.
Abrasive particle can have the average grain diameter being not more than about 1050 microns.In other embodiments, the average grain diameter of abrasive particle can be less, such as approximately be not more than 800 microns, be not more than about 600 microns, be not more than about 400 microns, be not more than about 250 microns, be not more than about 225 microns, be not more than about 200 microns, be not more than about 175 microns, be not more than about 150 microns, or be not even greater than about 100 microns.In addition, the average grain diameter of abrasive particle can be at least about 1 micron, such as at least about 5 microns, at least about 10 microns, at least about 20 microns, at least about 30 microns, or even at least about 50 microns, at least about 60 microns, at least about 70 microns or even at least about 80 microns.Should be understood that the average grain diameter of abrasive particle can in the scope between any person in above-mentioned minimum of a value and maximum.
Further, about the abrasive particle utilizing microcrystalline alumina, should be understood that microcrystalline alumina can be formed by the crystal grain of the average grain size with submicron-scale.In fact, the average grain size of microcrystalline alumina can be and is not more than about 1 micron, such as be not more than about 0.5 micron, be not more than about 0.2 micron, be not more than about 0.1 micron, be not more than about 0.08 micron, be not more than about 0.05 micron, or be not even greater than about 0.02 micron.
In addition, the formation comprising the mixture of abrasive particle and binding material can comprise further adds other components, such as filler, pore former and be suitable for the material forming the final bonded abrasive articles be shaped.Some suitable examples of pore-forming material include but not limited to foamed alumina, foam mullite, hollow ball (comprising hollow glass ball, hollow ceramic ball or hollow polymer ball), polymer or plastic material, organic compound, fibrous material (comprising strand or the fiber of glass, pottery or polymer).Other suitable pore-forming materials can comprise naphthalene, PDB, shell, timber etc.In other embodiments, filler can comprise one or more of inorganic material, comprises such as oxide, and especially can comprise the zirconia of crystallization or amorphous phase, silica, titanium dioxide and combination thereof.
After suitably forming mixture, mixture can be made shaping.Suitable forming method can comprise pressing operation and/or moulding process, and combination.Such as, in one embodiment, make mixture shaping to form green compact by mixture of colding pressing in a mold.
After suitably forming green compact, green compact can be sintered at a certain temperature to promote to form the abrasive article with glassy phase binding material.It should be noted, sintering operation can carry out being less than under the sintering temperature of about 1000 DEG C.In specific embodiments, sintering temperature can be and is less than about 980 DEG C, is less than about 950 DEG C, and especially at about 800 DEG C in the scope of 950 DEG C.Should be understood that and can utilize sintering temperature low especially with above-mentioned adhesion component, make to avoid too high temperature, thus the decomposition of abrasive particle during limiting forming process.
According to a particular, bonded abrasive body comprises the binding material with glassy phase material.Under specific circumstances, binding material can be single-phase vitreous material.
The bonded abrasive body of final shaping can have the binding material of certain content, abrasive particle and hole.Such as, the body of bonded abrasive articles can have with the hole of the entire volume of bonded abrasive body at least about 42vol%.In other embodiments, the amount of hole can be larger, make such as to be at least about 43vol% with the entire volume of bonded abrasive body, such as at least about 44vol%, at least about 45vol%, at least about 46vol%, at least about 48vol%, or even at least about 50vol%.According to an embodiment, bonded abrasive body can have and is not more than about 70vol%, such as be not more than about 65vol%, be not more than about 62vol%, be not more than about 60vol%, be not more than about 56vol%, be not more than about 52vol%, or be not even greater than the hole of about 50vol%.Bonded abrasive body can comprise the hole being about 46vol% to about 50wt% with the entire volume of bonded abrasive body, such as, be about the hole of 46vol% to about 48wt% with the entire volume of bonded abrasive body.Should be understood that the hole in the scope between any person that bonded abrasive body can have in above-mentioned minimum percent and largest percentage.
According to an embodiment, bonded abrasive body can have with the abrasive particle of the entire volume of bonded abrasive body at least about 35vol%.In other embodiments, the total content of abrasive particle can be larger, such as, at least about 37vol%, or even at least about 39vol%.According to a particular, bonded abrasive body can be formed as making it have the abrasive particle being not more than about 50vol% with the entire volume of bonded abrasive body, such as, be not more than about 48vol%, or be not even greater than about 46vol%.Should be understood that the content of abrasive particle in bonded abrasive body can in the scope between any person in above-mentioned minimum percent and largest percentage.
Under specific circumstances, bonded abrasive body is formed as making it comprise the binding material content (vol%) of comparing little with hole and the content of abrasive particle.Such as, bonded abrasive body can have the binding material being not more than about 15vol% with the entire volume of bonded abrasive body.In other cases, bonded abrasive body can be formed as making it comprise and is not more than about 14vol% with the entire volume of bonded abrasive body, be not more than about 13vol%, or is not even greater than the binding material of about 12vol%.In a particular case, bonded abrasive body can be formed as making it comprise with the entire volume of bonded abrasive body at least about 7vol%, such as at least about 8vol%, be approximately at least about 9vol%, or even at least about the binding material of 10vol%.
Fig. 1 comprises the diagram of the phase existed in the particle bond abrasive article according to an embodiment.Fig. 1 comprises vol% binding material, vol% abrasive particle and vol% hole.Shadow region 101 represents the conventional adhesive abrasive article being applicable to grinding application, and dash area 103 represents the phase content according to the bonded abrasive articles of embodiment herein.
It should be noted, the phase content of conventional adhesive abrasive article (i.e. shadow region 101) is significantly different from the phase content of the bonded abrasive articles of embodiment.It should be noted, conventional adhesive abrasive article has the maximum pore in about 40vol% to 51vol% scope usually, the abrasive grain content of about 42vol% to 50vol% and the binding material content of about 9vol% to 20vol%.Conventional adhesive abrasive article has 50vol% or following maximum pore content usually, because grinding application needs the bonded abrasive body with sufficient intensity to process the excessive power run in grinding process, and highly porous bonded abrasive body is former can't tolerate this power.
According to an embodiment, bonded abrasive articles can have the hole more much more than conventional adhesive abrasive article.Such as, a kind of bonded abrasive articles of embodiment can have and is about 51vol% to the voids content within the scope of about 58vol% with the entire volume of bonded abrasive body.In addition, as shown in fig. 1, the bonded abrasive articles of embodiment has the abrasive grain content be about with the entire volume of bonded abrasive articles within the scope of 40vol% to about 42vol%, and the binding material content low especially within the scope of about 2vol% to about 9vol%.
It should be noted, to grind body different from conventional adhesive, and the bonded abrasive body herein in embodiment can have specific characteristic.Especially, the bonded abrasive articles of this paper can have the hole of specified quantitative, abrasive particle and binding material, demonstrates specific mechanical performance simultaneously, it can be made to be suitable for specific application, such as grinding application.Such as, in one embodiment, bonded abrasive body can have specific rupture modulus (MOR), and it may correspond in specific elastic modelling quantity (MOE).Such as, for the MOE at least about 40GPa, bonded abrasive body can have the MOR of at least 45MPa.In one embodiment, can 46MPa be at least about for the MOE of 40GPa, MOR, such as at least about 47MPa, at least about 48MPa, at least about 49MPa, or even at least about 50MPa.In addition, for the MOE of 40GPa, bonded abrasive body can have and is not more than about 70MPa, such as, be not more than about 65MPa, or be not more than the MOR of about 60MPa.Should be understood that MOR can in the scope between any person in above-mentioned minimum of a value and maximum.
In another embodiment, some is had to the bonded abrasive body of the MOE of 45GPa, MOR can be at least about 45MPa.In fact, some is had to the bonded abrasive body of the MOE of 45GPa, MOR can be at least about 46MPa, such as at least about 47MPa, at least about 48MPa, at least about 49MPa, or even at least about 50MPa.In addition, the MOE of 45GPa, MOR be can be and be not more than about 70MPa, be not more than about 65MPa, or be not even greater than about 60MPa.Should be understood that MOR can in the scope between any person in above-mentioned minimum of a value and maximum.
MOR usable criterion 3 crooked tests are being of a size of 4 " × 1 " × 0.5 " sample on measure, wherein 1 " × 0.5 " plane on imposed load, usually according to ASTM D790, only sample size is different.Can breaking load be recorded and utilize standard equation to calculate back MOR.MOE can utilize GrindoSonic instrument or similar device to be calculated by the intrinsic frequency measuring composite, according to the standard practices in grinding abrasive grinding wheel industry.
In one embodiment, bonded abrasive body can have strength ratio, and it is MOR measuring divided by MOE.Under specific circumstances, the strength ratio (MOR/MOE) of specific bonded abrasive body can be at least about 0.8.In other cases, strength ratio can be at least about 0.9, such as at least about 1.0, at least about 1.05, at least about 1.10.In addition, strength ratio can be and is not more than about 3.00, such as, be not more than about 2.50, be not more than about 2.00, be not more than about 1.70, be not more than about 1.50, be not more than about 1.40, or be not more than about 1.30.Should be understood that the strength ratio of bonded abrasive body can in the scope between any person in above-mentioned minimum of a value and maximum.
According to an embodiment, bonded abrasive body is applicable to specific grinding action.Such as, found that the bonded abrasive body of embodiment is herein applicable to grinding action.In fact, can utilize bonded abrasive body and not defective work piece and provide suitable or improve grinding performance.
The grinding capacity of indication bonded abrasive body can relate to grinding action herein, such as centerless grinding, cylindricalo grinding, crankshaft grinding, the operation of various surfacing, bearing and gear grinding operation, creep feed grinding and various tool shop grinding process.In addition, the suitable workpiece for grinding action can comprise inorganic or organic material.Under specific circumstances, workpiece can comprise metal, metal alloy, plastics or natural material.In one embodiment, workpiece can comprise ferrous metal, non-ferrous metal, metal alloy, metal superalloy and combination thereof.In another embodiment, workpiece can comprise organic material, comprises such as polymeric material.In other cases, workpiece can be natural material, comprises such as timber.
Some schemes of the emery wheel size of these abrasive articles can be greater than the diameter change of about 4.5 inches to about 54 inches.According to application, typical cutting output is about 0.0001 inch to about 0.500 inch change.
Under specific circumstances, have been noted that bonded abrasive body can under extra high removal speed grinding work piece.Such as, in one embodiment, bonded abrasive body can be at least about 0.4 inch at material removal rate
3/ minute/inch (258mm
3/ minute/mm) under carry out grinding action.In other embodiments, material removal rate can be at least about 0.45 inch
3/ minute/inch (290mm
3/ minute/mm), such as, at least about 0.5 inch
3/ minute/inch (322mm
3/ minute/mm) at least about 0.55 inch
3/ minute/inch (354mm
3/ minute/mm), or even at least about 0.6 inch
3/ minute/inch (387mm
3/ minute/mm).In addition, for some bonded abrasive body, material removal rate can be and is not more than about 1.5 inches
3/ minute/inch (967mm
3/ minute/mm), such as, be not more than about 1.2 inches
3/ minute/inch (774mm
3/ minute/mm), be not more than about 1.0 inches
3/ minute/inch (645mm
3/ minute/mm), or be not even greater than about 0.9 inch
3/ minute/inch (580mm
3/ minute/mm).Should be understood that the bonded abrasive body of the application can material removal rate grinding work piece in the scope between any person in above-mentioned minimum of a value and maximum.
In some grinding action, have been noted that the bonded abrasive body of the application can the specific cutting depth of grinding (DOC) or (Zw).Such as, the cutting depth obtained by bonded abrasive body can be at least about 0.003 inch (0.0762 millimeter).In other cases, the cutting depth that bonded abrasive body can obtain during grinding action is at least about 0.004 inch (0.102 millimeter), such as at least about 0.0045 inch (0.114 millimeter), at least about 0.005 inch (0.127 millimeter), or even at least about 0.006 inch (0.152 millimeter).Should be understood that the cutting depth of the grinding action for utilizing bonded abrasive body herein can be to be not more than about 0.01 inch (0.254 millimeter), or be not more than about 0.009 inch (0.229 millimeter).Should be understood that cutting depth can in the scope between any person in above-mentioned minimum of a value and maximum.
In other embodiments, have been noted that bonded abrasive body can under the peak power being no more than about 10Hp (7.5kW) grinding work piece, use foregoing grinding parameter simultaneously.In other embodiments, the peak power in grinding action for being not more than about 9Hp (6.8kW), such as, is not more than about 8Hp (6.0kW), or is not even greater than about 7.5Hp (5.6kW).
According to another embodiment, during grinding action, have been noted that the bonded abrasive articles of embodiment herein has superior angle crystallized ability, particularly compared with conventional adhesive abrasive article.In fact, at least about 1.8 cutting depth (Zw) place, bonded abrasive body can have the angle immobilisation factor being not more than about 0.07 inch, corresponding to 0.00255 inch per second radian.It should be noted, as used in this article, cutting depth 1.0 corresponds to 0.00142 inch per second radian, and cutting depth (Zw) is 1.4 correspond to 0.00198 inch per second radian.Should be understood that angle immobilisation factor is the measuring of radius change (in units of inch) carry out 5 grindings to workpiece 4330V (it is NiCrMoV through the high strength steel alloy of sclerosis and tempering) under the specific cutting degree of depth after.In certain other embodiments, bonded abrasive articles display at least about 1.80 cutting depth, angle immobilisation factor for being not more than about 0.06 inch, such as, is not more than about 0.05 inch, is not more than about 0.04 inch.
In one embodiment, abrasive article can comprise the bonded abrasive body with the abrasive particle be included in binding material.Bonded abrasive body can comprise the abrasive particle-binding material interfacial elastic modulus (MOE) being at least about 225GPa.Bonded abrasive body can be set to the metallic workpiece of grinding bag under the speed being less than about 60m/s.
Such as, abrasive particle-binding material interface MOE can be at least about 250GPa, such as, at least about 275GPa, or even at least about 300GPa.Such as, or abrasive particle-binding material interface MOE can be and is not more than about 350GPa, is not more than about 325GPa, or is not even greater than about 320GPa.
In another embodiment, abrasive article can comprise the bonded abrasive body with the abrasive particle be included in binding material.Bonded abrasive body can comprise the abrasive particle-binding material interface hardness at least about 13GPa.Bonded abrasive body can be set to the metallic workpiece of grinding bag under the speed being less than about 60m/s.In other embodiments, abrasive particle-binding material interface hardness can be at least about 14GPa, or even at least about 15GPa.Such as, or abrasive particle-binding material interface hardness can be and is not more than about 20GPa, is not more than about 18GPa, or is not even greater than about 16GPa.
In a further embodiment, bonded abrasive body can comprise the surface smoothness being not more than about 125 microinch.
Bonded abrasive body can at least about 1.0 inch per minute clocks feed rate (Z ' w) under operation.Such as, Z ' w can be and is not more than about 1.4 inch per minute clocks, such as, be not more than about 1.8 inch per minute clocks, be not more than about 2.0 inch per minute clocks, or even 2.2 inch per minute clocks.
In an arrangement, bonded abrasive body can comprise at least about 0.235 inch
3/ minute material removal rate.
The embodiment of abrasive article can comprise the bonded abrasive body with the abrasive particle be included in binding material.Bonded abrasive body can comprise the grinding factor of the change being defined as the relative feed rate change of x-axis radius.The grinding factor can be and is not more than about 0.040.Bonded abrasive body can be set to the metallic workpiece of grinding bag under the speed being less than about 60m/s.The grinding factor can be and is not more than about 0.035, and the such as grinding factor is not more than about 0.030, or the even grinding factor is not more than about 0.028.
In one particular embodiment, bonded abrasive body can comprise the x-axis angle immobilisation factor being not more than about 0.080 inch.Such as, x-axis angle immobilisation factor can be and is not more than about 0.070 inch, such as, be not more than about 0.060 inch, be not more than about 0.050 inch, or be not even greater than about 0.042 inch.
Angle immobilisation factor can be expressed as the change percentage of grinding wheel radius.Such as, for the emery wheel of 7 inch diameters (i.e. 3.5 inch diameter), the x-axis angle immobilisation factor of 0.080 inch represent emery wheel x-axis radius be changed to 1-(3.5-0.08)/3.5=2.3%.Be 0.07,0.06,0.05 and 0.042 for x-axis angle immobilisation factor, the change of the x-axis radius of emery wheel is respectively 2%, 1.7%, 1.4% and 1.2%.Therefore, bonded abrasive body can have the x-axis radius change being not more than 3%.Such as, knot grinding body can have and is not more than 2.5%, such as, be not more than about 2%, be not more than about 1.7%, be not more than about 1.5%, or be not even greater than the x-axis radius change of about 1.3%.
Other embodiments of bonded abrasive body can comprise the grinding factor being defined as the change that y-axis radius changes with feed rate.The grinding factor can be and is not more than about 0.018.Other examples of the grinding factor can be and are not more than about 0.016, and the such as grinding factor is not more than about 0.014, the grinding factor is not more than about 0.012, or the even grinding factor is not more than about 0.010.
In one particular embodiment, bonded abrasive body can comprise the y-axis angle immobilisation factor being not more than about 0.033 inch, such as, be not more than about 0.030 inch, is not more than about 0.025 inch, or is not even greater than about 0.024 inch.
Angle immobilisation factor can be expressed as the change percentage of grinding wheel radius.Such as, for the emery wheel of 7 inch diameters (i.e. 3.5 inch diameter), the y-axis angle immobilisation factor of 0.033 inch represent emery wheel y-axis radius be changed to 1-(3.5-0.033)/3.5=0.94%.Be 0.03,0.025,0.024 for y-axis angle immobilisation factor, the change of the x-axis radius of emery wheel is respectively 0.86%, 0.71% and 0.69%.
Therefore, bonded abrasive body can have the y-axis radius change being not more than about 1%.Such as, bonded abrasive body can have the x-axis radius change being not more than 0.9%, such as, be not more than about 0.8%, or is not even greater than about 0.7%.
Other schemes of abrasive article can comprise requirement and grind the few body repaired at least about 3% of abrasive grinding wheel than conventional OD, such as, grind than conventional OD that abrasive grinding wheel is few to be repaired at least about 4%, at least about 5%, or even at least about 6%.
In other embodiments, body can require than conventional OD grind abrasive grinding wheel few at least about 5% circulation timei.Such as, body can require than conventional OD grind abrasive grinding wheel few at least about 10% circulation timei, such as few at least about 15%, or even lack the circulation timei at least about 18%.
The embodiment of abrasive article can have the bonded abrasive body that can be set to the metallic workpiece of grinding bag under the speed being less than about 55m/s.Such as, speed can be and is less than about 50m/s, such as, be less than about 45m/s, or is even less than about 40m/s.In other other scheme, speed can be at least about 35m/s, such as at least about 40m/s, at least about 45m/s, or even at least about 50m/s.
Abrasive article can have comprise external diameter within the scope of about 24 inches to about 30 inches, such as external diameter is the body of the emery wheel of about 18 inches to about 30 inches, about 10 inches to about 36 inches or even about 5 inches to about 54 inches.
Other embodiments of abrasive article can comprise the binding material comprising single-phase vitreous material.Some schemes of bonded abrasive body can comprise with the hole of the entire volume of bonded abrasive body at least about 42vol%, such as, be not more than the hole of about 70vol%.
Bonded abrasive body can comprise with the abrasive particle of the entire volume of bonded abrasive body at least about 35vol%.In other embodiments, bonded abrasive body can comprise the binding material being not more than about 15vol% with the entire volume of bonded abrasive body.
The example of binding material can by the boron oxide (B being not more than about 20wt% with the total weight of binding material
2o
3) formed.In other schemes, binding material can comprise the silica (SiO being not more than about 3.2
2) percentage by weight and aluminium oxide (Al
2o
3) the ratio (SiO of percentage by weight
2: Al
2o
3).Binding material can by the phosphorus pentoxide (P being not more than about 3.0wt%
2o
5) formed.Or binding material can be substantially free of phosphorus pentoxide (P
2o
5).
Other embodiments of binding material can be formed by alkaline earth oxide compound (RO).Such as, the total amount of the alkaline earth oxide compound (RO) existed in binding material can be and is not more than about 3.0wt%.Binding material can by be not more than about 3 kinds be selected from calcium oxide (CaO), magnesia (MgO), barium monoxide (BaO), strontium oxide strontia (SrO) alkaline earth oxide compound (RO) formed.Binding material also can comprise and is selected from lithia (Li
2o), sodium oxide molybdena (Na
2o), potassium oxide (K
2and cesium oxide (Cs O)
2o) and combination alkali oxide compound (R
2o).Binding material can be not more than the alkali oxide compound (R of about 20wt% by total amount
2o) formed.Or binding material can comprise and be not more than about 3 kinds of alkali oxide compound (R
2o).In other embodiments, the content (wt%) of any one alkali oxide compound existed in binding material can be not more than the half of the total content (wt%) of alkali metal oxide.
In other other embodiment, binding material can by the silica (SiO being not more than about 55wt%
2) formed.Binding material can by the aluminium oxide (Al at least about 12wt%
2o
3) formed.Binding material can by least one alkali oxide compound (R
2o) and at least one alkaline earth oxide compound (RO) formed, wherein the total content of alkali oxide compound and alkaline earth oxide compound is not more than about 20wt%.
Some embodiments of binding material can by boron oxide (B
2o
3) and silica (SiO
2) formed, wherein the total content of boron oxide and silica can be and is not more than about 70wt%.Content (the SiO of silica
2) content of boron oxide can be greater than.
In a specified scheme, binding material can by comprise be not more than about 1wt% be selected from MnO
2, ZrSiO
2, CoAl
2o
4formed with the composition of the oxide compound of MgO.Binding material can be selected from MnO by being substantially free of
2, ZrSiO
2, CoAl
2o
4formed with the composition of the oxide compound of MgO.In addition, bonded abrasive body can sinter being not more than at the temperature of about 1000 DEG C.
The embodiment of binding material can comprise the silica (SiO of about 2.4 to about 3.5
2) percentage by weight and aluminium oxide (Al
2o
3) ratio (SiO of percentage by weight
2: Al
2o
3).Binding material can comprise the Fe of trace (< 1%)
2o
3, TiO
2with each or its combination of Mg.Binding material can comprise the silica (SiO of about 32 to about 52
2) ratio (SiO of percentage by weight and CaO percentage by weight
2: CaO).Binding material also can comprise the silica (SiO of about 9.6 to about 26
2) percentage by weight and Li
2ratio (the SiO of the percentage by weight of O
2: Li
2o).In another embodiment, binding material can comprise the silica (SiO of about 4.8 to about 10.4
2) percentage by weight and Na
2ratio (the SiO of the percentage by weight of O
2: Na
2o).Binding material can comprise the silica (SiO of about 9.6 to about 26
2) percentage by weight and K
2ratio (the SiO of the percentage by weight of O
2: K
2o).Binding material also can comprise the silica (SiO of about 2.8 to about 5.2
2) percentage by weight and B
2o
3the ratio (SiO of percentage by weight
2: B
2o
3).
The embodiment of binding material can comprise the aluminium oxide (Al of about 10 to about 20
2o
3) ratio (Al of percentage by weight and CaO percentage by weight
2o
3: CaO).Binding material can comprise the aluminium oxide (Al of about 3 to about 10
2o
3) percentage by weight and Li
2ratio (the Al of O percentage by weight
2o
3: Li
2o).Binding material also can comprise the aluminium oxide (Al of about 1.5 to about 4
2o
3) percentage by weight and Na
2ratio (the Al of O percentage by weight
2o
3: Na
2o).An embodiment of binding material can comprise the aluminium oxide (Al of about 3 to about 10
2o
3) percentage by weight and K
2ratio (the Al of O percentage by weight
2o
3: K
2o).Binding material also can comprise the aluminium oxide (Al of about 0.9 to about 2
2o
3) percentage by weight and B
2o
3ratio (the Al of percentage by weight
2o
3: B
2o
3).
In other embodiments, binding material can comprise CaO percentage by weight and the Li of about 0.2 to about 0.75
2the ratio (CaO: Li of O percentage by weight
2o).Binding material can comprise CaO percentage by weight and the Na of about 0.1 to about 0.3
2the ratio (CaO: Na of O percentage by weight
2o).Binding material also can comprise CaO percentage by weight and the K of about 0.2 to about 0.75
2the ratio (CaO: K of O percentage by weight
2o).In addition, binding material can comprise CaO percentage by weight and the B of about 0.16 to about 0.15
2o
3the ratio (CaO: B of percentage by weight
2o
3).
Other embodiments of binding material can comprise the Li of about 0.2 to about 1
2o percentage by weight and Na
2ratio (the Li of O percentage by weight
2o: Na
2o).Binding material can comprise the Li of about 0.4 to about 2.5
2o percentage by weight and K
2ratio (the Li of O percentage by weight
2o: K
2o).Binding material also can comprise the Li of about 0.12 to about 0.5
2o percentage by weight and B
2o
3ratio (the Li of percentage by weight
2o: B
2o
3).
A particular of binding material can comprise the Na of about 1 to about 5
2o percentage by weight and K
2ratio (the Na of O percentage by weight
2o: K
2o).Binding material also can comprise the Na of about 0.3 to about 1
2o percentage by weight and B
2o
3ratio (the Na of percentage by weight
2o: B
2o
3).In addition, binding material can comprise the K of about 0.12 to about 0.5
2o percentage by weight and B
2o
3ratio (the K of percentage by weight
2o: B
2o
3).
Other embodiments of abrasive article can comprise the bonded abrasive body with the abrasive particle be included in binding material, and described binding material is made up of following: the boron oxide (B being not more than about 20wt%
2o
3), there is the silica (SiO being not more than about 3.2 (by weight percentage)
2) percentage by weight: aluminium oxide (Al
2o
3) ratio of percentage by weight, and be not more than the phosphorus pentoxide (P of about 3.0wt%
2o
5), wherein bonded abrasive body has with the hole of the entire volume of bonded abrasive body at least about 42vol%.Bonded abrasive body can under the speed being less than about 60m/s the metallic workpiece of grinding bag.
The embodiment of the method for grinding abrasive article can comprise the bonded abrasive body being formed and have the abrasive particle be included in binding material, comprises abrasive particle-binding material interfacial elastic modulus (MOE) at least about 225GPa to make bonded abrasive body.The method can comprise with bonded abrasive body metallic workpiece of grinding bag under the speed being less than about 60m/s.
Another embodiment of the method for grinding abrasive article can comprise the bonded abrasive body being formed and have the abrasive particle be included in binding material, comprises abrasive particle-binding material interface hardness at least about 13GPa to make bonded abrasive body.The method can comprise with bonded abrasive body metallic workpiece of grinding bag under the speed being less than about 60m/s.
Another embodiment of the method for grinding abrasive article can comprise the bonded abrasive body being formed and have the abrasive particle be included in binding material, the grinding factor of the change that x-axis radius changes with feed rate is defined as to make bonded abrasive body comprise, and at least about 1.0 inch per minute clocks feed rate (Z ' w), the described grinding factor is not more than about 0.040.The method can comprise with bonded abrasive body metallic workpiece of grinding bag under the speed being less than about 60m/s.
The method of grinding abrasive article also can comprise the bonded abrasive body being formed and have the abrasive particle be included in binding material, the grinding factor of the change that y-axis radius changes with feed rate is defined as to make bonded abrasive body comprise, and at least about 1.0 inch per minute clocks feed rate (Z ' w), the described grinding factor is not more than about 0.018.The method can comprise with bonded abrasive body metallic workpiece of grinding bag under the speed being less than about 60m/s.
Another method of grinding abrasive article can comprise the bonded abrasive body with the abrasive particle be included in binding material, and described binding material is made up of following: the boron oxide (B being not more than about 20wt%
2o
3), there is the silica (SiO being not more than about 3.2 (by weight percentage)
2) percentage by weight: aluminium oxide (Al
2o
3) ratio of percentage by weight, and be not more than the phosphorus pentoxide (P of about 3.0wt%
2o
5), wherein bonded abrasive body has with the hole of the entire volume of bonded abrasive body at least about 42vol%.Method can comprise with bonded abrasive body metallic workpiece of grinding bag under the speed being less than about 60m/s.
Embodiment
Example 1
The life-span of OD grinding application medium plain emery wheel or performance can be dependent on its grinding number of times that can stand, or the number of parts that emery wheel can be ground before losing its shape or angle crystallized ability, and it also can affect the quality of parts.The life-span of emery wheel also can with the finishing frequency dependence produced needed for the unsalted surface being used for follow-up grinding action.The shaping maintenance of emery wheel or angle crystallized ability also can be fixed the ability of crystal grain to binding material and keep the ability of the advantage of its effective grinding action relevant.In this embodiment, the grinding wheel with 38A fusion alumina abrasive grain of test containing different binding material.Testing arrangement is MTS nano-hardness tester XP, utilizes Berkovich type pressure head.For each sample, carry out impression along two-wire (see Fig. 2) 20 positions, extend through crystal boundary arrival binding material region from abrasive particle and then enter next abrasive particle.The interval of the impression in being expert at is 10 microns, and separates with the distance of 10 microns between each row.Impression proceeds to the degree of depth 1 micron.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 describes respectively for the elastic modelling quantity (MOE) of three different binding materials and the contrast of hardness.Line 1301,1302 and 1303 represents the sample for the bonded abrasive articles according to embodiment formation herein respectively, the MOE at abrasive particle, binding material and abrasive particle-binding material interface.This sample has with the binding material content range of the about 7vol% of the entire volume of bonded abrasive body to about 12vol%.In addition, this sample has with the aperture ranges of the about 46vol% of the entire volume of bonded abrasive body to about 50vol%.
In figure 3, the first conventional sample CS1 creates the MOE value of 1305,1306 and 1307 respectively for its abrasive particle, binding material and abrasive particle-binding material interface.Sample CS1 is the bonded abrasive articles buied as VS product from Saint Gobain Corporation.Second conventional sample CS2 is the bonded abrasive articles buied as VH product from Saint Gobain Corporation.Sample CS2 creates the MOE value of 1310,1311 and 1312 respectively for its abrasive particle, binding material and abrasive particle-binding material interface.
As shown in Figure 3, the interface MOE 1303 of embodiment has significantly surmounted conventional sample CS1 and CS2 and has divided other interface MOE 1307 and 1312.Such result display is significantly improved relative to the conventional adhesive abrasive article tool of prior art according to the abrasive particle-binding material interface MOE of the bonded abrasive articles of embodiment formation herein.
In the diagram, line 1401,1402 and 1403 represents the sample for the bonded abrasive articles formed according to the embodiment of Fig. 3 respectively, the hardness at abrasive particle, binding material and abrasive particle-binding material interface.First conventional sample CS1 creates the hardness number of 1405,1406 and 1407 respectively for its abrasive particle, binding material and abrasive particle-binding material interface.Sample CS1 is with such as identical disclosed in above-mentioned Fig. 3.Similarly, the second conventional sample CS2 creates the hardness number of 1410,1411 and 1412 respectively for its abrasive particle, binding material and abrasive particle-binding material interface.Sample CS2 is with such as identical disclosed in above-mentioned Fig. 3.
As described in Figure 4, the interface hardness 1403 of embodiment has significantly surmounted conventional sample CS1 and CS2 and has divided other interface hardness 1407 and 1412.Such result display is significantly improved relative to the conventional adhesive abrasive article tool of prior art according to the hardness at the abrasive particle-binding material interface of the bonded abrasive articles of embodiment formation herein.
Therefore, new binding material has higher modulus and hardness.This is especially remarkable to the more weak parts (binding material and interface) in grinding wheel.The modulus at interface and the improvement of hardness can contribute to adding strong interface and demonstrate it and better be connected with abrasive particle.These designs are for the life-span of improving grinding wheel under severe (aggressive) grinding condition.
Embodiment 2
For this angle stationary applications and test, prepare 47 inches of emery wheel samples.4 samples comprise the binding material of 3 conventional adhesive materials and 1 basis embodiment herein.All 4 samples comprise 38A and fuse alumina grain, and comprise the binding material content being about 7vol% to about 12vol% with the entire volume of bonded abrasive body separately, and the hole of about 46% to about 50%.Conventional sample uses and identical VS and VH binding material used in embodiment 1.Table 1 comprises the more details for test condition used in embodiment 2.
Table 1
4 samples are tested with angle fixture construction on Bryant milling drum.Speed of grinding wheel is 50.36m/s.Test material is 3.745 inches of OD 4330V steel (R
c=28-32).Test material speed is 1.15m/s.Grinding pattern is the outer incision of cutting with 0.100 inch of wide-wheel grinding.Each emery wheel is repaired by reverse gold-plated hard rock roller.Adjustment feed rate is to be given 1.0,1.4 and 1.8 inches
3/ minute/inch target material remove speed (Z ' W).On each test emery wheel, carry out 5 times continuous radius grindings with target feed rate and do not repair.In the end obtain surface smoothness and unevenness from work materials after a grinding.After each grinding, for angular radius and gauge wear test, test emery wheel is used to carry out the Formica base substrate that emery wheel profile is recorded in grinding.Measurement is obtained from base substrate.
Fig. 6 comprise for 3 conventional adhesive abrasive articles 1600,1601 and 1602 and embodiment bonded abrasive articles 1605, surface smoothness Ra relative to feed rate (Z ' line w).The bonded abrasive body 1605 of embodiment 1.4 inch per minute clocks feed rate (Z ' w) under comprise the surface smoothness being not more than about 85 microinch.On the contrary, goods 1600,1601 and 1602 all show 1.4 inch per minute clocks feed rate (Z ' w) under be at least about the surface smoothness of 125 microinch.
Fig. 7 material comprised for bonded abrasive articles 1705,5 grindings of 3 conventional adhesive abrasive articles 1700,1701 and 1702 and embodiment remove relative to feed rate (Z ' figure w).Bonded abrasive body 1705 1.8 inch per minute clocks feed rate (Z ' w) comprise at least about 0.241 inch
3/ minute material removal rate.On the contrary, conventional articles 1700,1701 and 1702 1.8 inch per minute clocks feed rate (Z ' w) all show and be not more than about 0.235 inch
3/ minute material removal rate.
The schematic diagram of the change in corner wear shown in Fig. 5 or radius measurement.Size 1500 representative sample is along the original size (namely axial width is 0.875 inch) of x-axis, and size 1501 representative sample is along size after the grinding of x-axis.Similarly, size 1502 representative sample is along the original size (i.e. diameter 7 inches) of y-axis, and size 1503 representative sample is along size after the grinding of y-axis.
Fig. 8 comprises the bonded abrasive articles 1805 for identical 3 conventional adhesive abrasive articles 1800,1801 and 1802 and embodiment, for illustration of angle immobilisation factor x-axis radius relative to feed rate (Z ' figure of change w).The bonded abrasive body 1805 of embodiment 1.8 inch per minute clocks feed rate (Z ' w) under comprise the x-axis angle immobilisation factor of about 0.042 inch.On the contrary, conventional articles 1800,1801 and 1802 1.8 inch per minute clocks feed rate (Z ' w) under all show x-axis angle immobilisation factor at least about 0.080 inch.
In addition, bonded abrasive body 1805 comprises the grinding factor being defined as the change that x-axis radius changes with feed rate.The grinding factor is the G-bar of Fig. 8 center line substantially.Such as, for body 1805, the molecule of the grinding factor is 0.042-0.019=0.023.Denominator is 1.80-1.00=0.80.0.023/0.80=the grinding factor is about 0.029.On the contrary, goods 1800,1801 and 1802 have the grinding factor being at least about 0.050.
Similarly, Fig. 9 comprises the bonded abrasive articles 1905 for identical 3 conventional adhesive abrasive articles 1900,1901 and 1902 and embodiment, for illustration of angle immobilisation factor y-axis radius relative to feed rate (Z ' figure of change w).Body 1905 1.8 inch per minute clocks feed rate (Z ' w) under show the y-axis angle immobilisation factor of about 0.024 inch.Goods 1900,1901 and 1902 1.8 inch per minute clocks feed rate (Z ' w) under there is y-axis angle immobilisation factor at least about 0.033 inch.
Also calculate the grinding factor based on Fig. 9.Such as, for body 1905, the molecule of the grinding factor is 0.024-0.016=0.008.Denominator is 1.80-1.00=0.80.0.008/0.80=the grinding factor is about 0.01.On the contrary, goods 1900,1901 and 1902 have the grinding factor being at least about 0.0188.
Therefore, angular radius illustrates to have along x-axis and the change of both y-axis and is presented at according to the product of the binding material of embodiment herein the corner wear that all material removes all minimums under speed compared with the product obtained by conventional binding systems.
Embodiment 3
In this embodiment, the embodiment of the combination comprising collosol and gel and fuse alumina abrasive grain is formed together with the above-mentioned binding material for above embodiment.This sample is applied in bright and clean profile and tests not being in the mood for incision, in contrast to the combination with collosol and gel and fusion alumina abrasive grain and before for the product of the conventional adhesive material VH of other embodiment.Abrasive grinding wheel has 16 inch diameters and the material of grinding is mild steel (1014).Target is that the parts by improving each finishing improve productivity ratio.Speed of grinding wheel is 57.45m/ second and member velocity is 1.15m/ second.
Table 2 is containing the more details for test condition used in embodiment 3.
Table 2
Figure 10 comprises the chart of each finishing member of bonded abrasive articles 2005 for conventional adhesive abrasive article 2000 and embodiment.Compared with goods 2000, goods 2005 illustrate significantly improved each finishing member (improvement of about 7%) and good surface smoothness or shape.
Another advantage observed can significantly increase for new emery wheel feed rate, and this is conducive to the minimizing of circulation timei.The circulation timei of reducing has greater efficiency in grinding action.In fig. 11 result is shown to the same sample test loop time described in Figure 10.Figure 11 is the chart of the circulation timei of bonded abrasive articles 2105 for conventional adhesive abrasive article 2100 and embodiment.Goods 2105 illustrate and to improve significantly (about 18%) than goods 2100.
Foregoing embodiments relates to abrasive product, particularly relates to bonded abrasive product, and it shows and the departing from of prior art.The bonded abrasive product utilization of embodiment is conducive to the combination of the feature improving grinding performance herein.As described in this application, the bonded abrasive body of embodiment utilizes the abrasive particle of specific amount and type, specific amount and the binding material of type and the hole of specified quantitative herein.Except finding that these products can be formed effectively, although with regard to grade and structure outside the known art of conventional abrasive products, also find, the grinding performance that such product expression goes out to improve.It should be noted, although find that the bonded abrasive of embodiment of the present invention has significantly higher hole than conventional abrasive grinding wheel, can with low-speed handing during grinding action.In fact, very unexpected, the bonded abrasive body of embodiment demonstrates and is being less than the ability operated under the speed of grinding wheel of about 60m/s herein, also demonstrate the material removal rate of improvement compared with the abrasive grinding wheel of prior art simultaneously, the angle crystallized ability improved, and suitable surface smoothness.
In the preceding article, the connection of the particular related to and some parts is schematic.Should be understood that relating to parts is coupled or connects and be intended to the direct connection openly between described parts or the indirect connection by one or more insertion parts, this is that the method implementing to discuss herein should be understood.Therefore, above disclosed theme should be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the claim of enclosing is intended to contain all this type of changes, strengthens and other embodiments, and described change, enhancing and other embodiments will fall in true scope of the present invention.Therefore, to the full extent allowed by law, scope of the present invention should be explained by the license of the most broad sense of claim below and their equivalent and should do not retrained by detailed description of the invention above or limit.
There is provided specification digest to meet Patent Law, submit specification digest to when understanding specification digest and being not used in scope or the implication explaining or limit claim.In addition, in as above detailed description of the invention, in order to simplify the disclosure, each feature can be combined or be described in single embodiment.The disclosure is not interpreted as the following intention of reflection: embodiment required for protection needs the more feature except clearly recording in each claim.On the contrary, as following claim reflect, theme of the present invention can relate to the feature more less than whole features of any person in the disclosed embodiments.Therefore, following claim is introduced in detailed description of the invention, and each claim itself limits theme required for protection respectively.
Claims (15)
1. an abrasive article, described abrasive article comprises:
Have the bonded abrasive body of the abrasive particle be included in binding material, described bonded abrasive body comprises the abrasive particle-binding material interfacial elastic modulus (MOE) at least about 225GPa; With
Described bonded abrasive body is set to the metallic workpiece of speed grinding bag lower than about 60m/s.
2. abrasive article according to claim 1, wherein said bonded abrasive body comprises the abrasive particle-binding material interface hardness at least about 13GPa.
3. abrasive article according to claim 1, wherein said bonded abrasive body is set to the metallic workpiece of speed grinding bag at least about 35m/s.
4. abrasive article according to claim 1, wherein said bonded abrasive body comprises with the hole of the entire volume of described bonded abrasive body at least about 42vol% to about 70vol%, and described bonded abrasive body comprises with the abrasive particle of the entire volume of described bonded abrasive body at least about 35vol%.
5. abrasive article according to claim 1, wherein said binding material is by least one alkali oxide compound (R
2o) and at least one alkaline earth oxide compound (RO) formed, the total content of wherein said alkali oxide compound and described alkaline earth oxide compound is for being not more than about 20wt%.
6. abrasive article according to claim 1, the silica (SiO in wherein said binding material
2) percentage by weight and Li
2ratio (the SiO of O percentage by weight
2: Li
2o) be about 9.6 to about 26.
7. abrasive article according to claim 1, the silica (SiO in wherein said binding material
2) percentage by weight and Na
2ratio (the SiO of O percentage by weight
2: Na
2o) be about 4.8 to about 10.4.
8. abrasive article according to claim 1, the silica (SiO in wherein said binding material
2) percentage by weight and K
2ratio (the SiO of O percentage by weight
2: K
2o) be about 9.6 to about 26.
9. abrasive article according to claim 1, the silica (SiO in wherein said binding material
2) percentage by weight and B
2o
3ratio (the SiO of percentage by weight
2: B
2o
3) be about 2.8 to about 5.2.
10. abrasive article according to claim 1, Li in wherein said binding material
2o percentage by weight and Na
2ratio (the Li of O percentage by weight
2o: Na
2o) be about 0.2 to about 1.
11. abrasive articles according to claim 1, Li in wherein said binding material
2o percentage by weight and K
2ratio (the Li of O percentage by weight
2o: K
2o) be about 0.4 to about 2.5.
12. abrasive articles according to claim 1, Na in wherein said binding material
2o percentage by weight and K
2ratio (the Na of O percentage by weight
2o: K
2o) be about 1 to about 5.
13. abrasive articles according to claim 1, wherein said bonded abrasive body comprises the grinding factor of the change being defined as the relative feed rate change of x-axis radius, and at least about 1.0 inch per minute clocks feed rate (Z ' w), the described grinding factor is for being not more than about 0.040.
14. abrasive articles according to claim 1, wherein said bonded abrasive body comprises the grinding factor of the change being defined as the relative feed rate change of y-axis radius, and at least about 1.0 inch per minute clocks feed rate (Z ' w), the described grinding factor is for being not more than about 0.018.
15. abrasive articles according to claim 1, wherein said binding material is formed by following: the boron oxide (B being not more than about 20wt%
2o
3), be not more than the silica (SiO of about 3.2 (by weight percentage)
2) percentage by weight: aluminium oxide (Al
2o
3) ratio of percentage by weight, and be not more than the phosphorus pentoxide (P of about 3.0wt%
2o
5), wherein said bonded abrasive body has with the hole of the entire volume of described bonded abrasive body at least about 42vol%.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201261668860P | 2012-07-06 | 2012-07-06 | |
| US61/668860 | 2012-07-06 | ||
| US201261677655P | 2012-07-31 | 2012-07-31 | |
| US61/677655 | 2012-07-31 | ||
| PCT/US2013/049251 WO2014008356A1 (en) | 2012-07-06 | 2013-07-03 | Abrasive article for lower speed grinding operations |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104640675A true CN104640675A (en) | 2015-05-20 |
| CN104640675B CN104640675B (en) | 2017-05-24 |
Family
ID=49877453
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201380042495.8A Active CN104640675B (en) | 2012-07-06 | 2013-07-03 | Abrasive article for lower speed grinding operations |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20140007517A1 (en) |
| EP (2) | EP3900878A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5921772B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101704416B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN104640675B (en) |
| AR (1) | AR091657A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112015000164B1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL236438B (en) |
| IN (1) | IN2015DN00417A (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2015000143A (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2603515C2 (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI535535B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014008356A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201500148B (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2898414C (en) | 2013-01-25 | 2021-11-02 | Centro De Investigacion Biomedica En Red (Ciber) | Method for predicting the onset of extrapyramidal symptoms (eps) induced by an antipsychotic-based treatment |
| TW201821580A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2018-06-16 | 美商聖高拜磨料有限公司 | Abrasive articles and methods for forming same |
| BR112017014083A2 (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2018-03-06 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | abrasive articles and methods for forming them |
| JP2023532872A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2023-08-01 | サンーゴバン アブレイシブズ，インコーポレイティド | Bonded abrasive article and method of making same |
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2013
- 2013-07-01 TW TW102123548A patent/TWI535535B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-07-02 AR ARP130102363 patent/AR091657A1/en unknown
- 2013-07-03 BR BR112015000164-5A patent/BR112015000164B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2013-07-03 CN CN201380042495.8A patent/CN104640675B/en active Active
- 2013-07-03 EP EP21174364.6A patent/EP3900878A3/en active Pending
- 2013-07-03 MX MX2015000143A patent/MX2015000143A/en unknown
- 2013-07-03 IN IN417DEN2015 patent/IN2015DN00417A/en unknown
- 2013-07-03 WO PCT/US2013/049251 patent/WO2014008356A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-07-03 EP EP13812896.2A patent/EP2869968B1/en active Active
- 2013-07-03 JP JP2015520675A patent/JP5921772B2/en active Active
- 2013-07-03 US US13/934,714 patent/US20140007517A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-07-03 RU RU2015102911/02A patent/RU2603515C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-07-03 KR KR1020157002204A patent/KR101704416B1/en active IP Right Grant
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2014
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-
2015
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| CN1115706A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1996-01-31 | 诺顿公司 | A sol-gel alumina abrasive wheel with improved corner holding |
| JP2005040945A (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2005-02-17 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives Inc | Manufacturing method for stiffly bonded thin abrasive wheel |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RU2015102911A (en) | 2016-08-27 |
| JP2015521963A (en) | 2015-08-03 |
| EP2869968A1 (en) | 2015-05-13 |
| TWI535535B (en) | 2016-06-01 |
| EP2869968B1 (en) | 2021-05-19 |
| BR112015000164A2 (en) | 2017-06-27 |
| ZA201500148B (en) | 2015-12-23 |
| JP5921772B2 (en) | 2016-05-24 |
| IL236438A0 (en) | 2015-02-26 |
| EP3900878A2 (en) | 2021-10-27 |
| KR101704416B1 (en) | 2017-02-08 |
| EP3900878A3 (en) | 2022-03-09 |
| KR20150036225A (en) | 2015-04-07 |
| CN104640675B (en) | 2017-05-24 |
| WO2014008356A1 (en) | 2014-01-09 |
| EP2869968A4 (en) | 2016-06-08 |
| US20140007517A1 (en) | 2014-01-09 |
| IL236438B (en) | 2018-01-31 |
| MX2015000143A (en) | 2015-05-07 |
| RU2603515C2 (en) | 2016-11-27 |
| TW201402279A (en) | 2014-01-16 |
| BR112015000164B1 (en) | 2021-01-12 |
| AR091657A1 (en) | 2015-02-18 |
| IN2015DN00417A (en) | 2015-06-19 |
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