CN104640228A - Non-preemptive spectrum access method based on negotiation - Google Patents
Non-preemptive spectrum access method based on negotiation Download PDFInfo
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- CN104640228A CN104640228A CN201510038924.5A CN201510038924A CN104640228A CN 104640228 A CN104640228 A CN 104640228A CN 201510038924 A CN201510038924 A CN 201510038924A CN 104640228 A CN104640228 A CN 104640228A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
- H04W74/02—Hybrid access techniques
Abstract
By aiming at the condition that the service time on a cognitive user is much shorter than the service time on an authorized user, the invention provides a non-preemptive spectrum access mechanism based on negotiation. A main user has the non-preemptive channel use priority relative to a secondary user, when no spectrum hole can be switched, the secondary user cannot vacate the current occupied authorized spectrum for the main user until the current transmission is completed, and the arrived main user needs to wait for a period of time to obtain the available spectrum; an authorization system and a cognitive radio system carry out signaling interaction through a spectrum agent through an auxiliary control channel, and the non-preemptive spectrum access control is realized. Through the comparison with the simulation result of the traditional preemptive spectrum access mechanism, the QoS (quality of service) of the secondary user in the non-preemptive spectrum access mechanism is obviously improved, and the QoS reduction of the main user is in an acceptable range.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication field, particularly relate to a kind of frequency spectrum access method of cognitive radio system.
Background technology
When current spectral resource scarcity and the low contradiction of the availability of frequency spectrum highlight day by day, cognitive radio technology receives to be paid close attention to widely.According to the definition of cognitive radio, secondary user's can by obtaining spectrum interposition to the mode of environment sensing, and by accessing corresponding spectrum interposition complete transmission to the adjustment of its transformation parameter.Obtain spectrum interposition by frequency spectrum perception mode and being not the frequency spectrum access mechanism that primary user authorizes, the frequency spectrum access mechanism based on frequency spectrum perception can be called.Secondary user's can obtain spectrum interposition by real-time frequency spectrum perception and access can frequency spectrum flexibly thus, effectively can improve power system capacity thus, spectrum utilization efficiency.Existing frequency spectrum perception technology comprises: energy detection technique, and matched filtering detects, cyclostationary characteristic detection technique etc.Due to the uncertainty that frequency spectrum resource uses in main system, therefore when and how the key issue that perception is the frequency spectrum access mechanism based on frequency spectrum perception is carried out to frequency spectrum.Usually, arrange the quiet period of short time for periodic frequency spectrum perception in the frame structure.
In cognitive radio technology, the mode that secondary user's mode through consultation adopts frequency spectrum to rent obtains the use right to authorizing frequency spectrum, and this mode can be called the frequency spectrum access mechanism rented based on frequency spectrum.Main system is according to the use duration of authorizing frequency spectrum, and the parameters such as transmitting power are fixed a price to mandate frequency spectrum, rent mandate wavelength coverage to secondary user's or subsystem.Subsystem formulates wireless frequency spectrum transaction and management information according to carried business demand and current radio frequency environment.Under the long-standing major premise of current static spectrum allocation may mechanism, the thought of renting based on frequency spectrum is more easily by the service provider of existing mandate business is accepted.The service provider of mandate business can by hiring out temporary transient no frequency spectrum resource to subsystem thus obtaining extra income, frequency spectrum resource utilization rate is improved accordingly, and this method can ensure the rights and interests of primary user's system and secondary user's system simultaneously.Existing research gives the frequency spectrum access mechanism rented based on frequency spectrum based on economic model, and conventional method comprises the method such as auction mechanism and game theory.
In conjunction with based on frequency spectrum perception frequency spectrum access mechanism flexibility and rent the reliability of frequency spectrum access mechanism based on frequency spectrum, thus propose joint spectrum and rent the frequency spectrum access mechanism with perception.In this frequency spectrum access mechanism, main system can by mandate spectrum division for retaining channel and shared channel two parts, and subsystem, by renting the right to use obtained shared channel, uses this frequency spectrum according to frequency spectrum perception chance simultaneously.In this case, authorize the service provider of business can be rented by frequency spectrum to obtain corresponding income and the availability of frequency spectrum and be improved; Secondary user's only carries out perception access to renting frequency spectrum, not only increases the acquisition efficiency of spectrum interposition, ensure that the interests of primary user simultaneously.The spectrum sharing mechanisms that use and perception are shared in current distich is in the starting stage.
Existingly rent the access mechanism with frequency spectrum perception based on joint spectrum, what adopt is preemptive type frequency spectrum access module.Under this Mechanism Model, frequency spectrum is rented secondary user's by cycle dynamic spectrum auction and is obtained income by main system, and secondary user's is accessed by frequency spectrum perception opportunistic.Secondary user's, once perceive primary user's arrival, needs to take interrupt mode to be switched to other idle channels immediately, stops taking this mandate frequency spectrum, thus the transmission performance of protection primary user.Based in the frequency spectrum access mechanism of frequency spectrum perception, all adopt the frequency spectrum access strategy of this preemptive type, this is because the transmission performance of primary user in cognitive radio definition is not by the prerequisite of harmful interference.
Because frequency spectrum resource distributes present situation and frequency spectrum resource special nature, cognitive radio technology is applied in dynamic spectrum shared mechanism exists all difficulties:
First, based in the frequency spectrum access mechanism of frequency spectrum perception due to problems such as incorrect noise in adopted frequency spectrum perception technical limitations and wireless environment, frequency spectrum perception performance will be caused to be affected.Owing to authorizing spectral range comparatively large, when and how in frequency spectrum perception, carry out perception to mandate frequency spectrum for is also the key issue of carrying out frequency spectrum share.Based on the cognitive radio users of frame structure, detecting period is longer will cause the time for transfer of data shorter, causes the availability of frequency spectrum low thus.And detecting period is not enough, perceptual performance will be caused lower, larger to the traffic interference of primary user.Therefore, simple employing is based on the frequency spectrum access mechanism of frequency spectrum perception, and the service quality being the very large same primary user of challenge is also difficult to be protected by the strategy of design frequency spectrum perception.
Distribute based on the frequency spectrum rental policies in the frequency spectrum access mechanism that frequency spectrum is rented and frequency spectrum resource and receive increasing concern.Mechanism based on economic models such as auction and games theory is used for the design of frequency spectrum rental policies, can improve the availability of frequency spectrum under the prerequisite ensureing main system interests.But, the frequency spectrum access mechanism rented based on frequency spectrum due to the design of hiring agreement, cause primary user inevitable carry out frequency spectrum hire out after a loss part authorize frequency spectrum resource, and this part resource cannot be used in the frequency spectrum stage of hiring out.Once burst service appears in main system, mandate business will be subject to serious impact.According to cognitive radio definition, the prerequisite of frequency spectrum share ensures that mandate business is not subject to harmful interference.Owing to authorizing the uncertainty of business, determine that the cycle that frequency spectrum is rented also will face the challenge.
Rent based on joint spectrum and perception frequency spectrum access mechanism in, although combine the flexibility of reliability that frequency spectrum rents and frequency spectrum perception, make Host Systems and subsystem all can improve the availability of frequency spectrum while guarantee common interest.But the spectrum sharing mechanisms that use and perception are shared in current distich is in the starting stage.Existingly rent the access mechanism with frequency spectrum perception based on joint spectrum, adopt and be preemptive type frequency spectrum access module.Namely secondary user's is once perceive primary user's arrival, needs to take interrupt mode to be switched to other idle channels immediately, stops taking this mandate frequency spectrum, thus the transmission performance of protection primary user.In fact, the frequency spectrum access mechanism prerequisite of renting based on joint spectrum is that primary user's known frequency spectrum is hired out to secondary user's and expects that mandate business will be subject to certain impact.Meanwhile, the service quality of business is authorized to there is certain redundancy, namely when the impact be subject to is can't cause interference to practical business within the specific limits.On the other hand, secondary user's by rent and perception obtains spectrum interposition and carries out business transmission, when just switching immediately and when without changeable spectrum interposition and interrupting service once detect that primary user arrives.Secondary user's obtains the frequency spectrum right to use by paying to main system to used frequency spectrum, but will cause service disconnection frequently due to the access module of preemptive type, and namely the situation of forced interruption probability occurs.The increase of forced interruption probability will cause spectrum efficiency to reduce, and is also unacceptable equally concerning secondary user's.Renting under the cognitive radio networks framework with perception based on joint spectrum, the service quality of secondary user's also needs to be ensured accordingly.
Rent based on joint spectrum and frequency spectrum perception cognitive radio networks framework under, how reasonable in design frequency spectrum access mechanism, under not causing harmful interference situation to the mandate business of primary user, maximum system throughput is the problem that we pay close attention to.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve problem in prior art, the invention provides a kind of frequency spectrum access method of the non-preemptive based on consulting, the spectrum efficiency that can efficiently solve present cognitive radio net intermediate frequency spectrum access mechanism is lower, secondary user's forced interruption probability and the longer problem of average delay.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of frequency spectrum access method of the non-preemptive based on consulting, be applied to cognitive radio system, wherein, the channel that primary user has non-preemptive for secondary user's uses priority, when not having spectrum interposition to switch, secondary user's can't vacate the mandate frequency spectrum that takies at present until current transmission terminates for primary user, and the primary user of arrival needs to wait for a period of time to obtain spendable frequency spectrum; Rely on auxiliary control channel to carry out Signalling exchange by frequency spectrum agency between authoring system and cognitive radio system, realize the access control of non-preemptive frequency spectrum; Said method comprising the steps of:
S101: secondary user's carries out real-time monitoring by periodic frequency spectrum perception to the situation of shared channel, when secondary user's finds do not have idle spectral channel, performs step S102, otherwise, perform step S103;
S102: cognitive radio system occurs one by frequency spectrum agency to authoring system and waits for signaling; After receiving this signaling, authoring system notified on authorization user postpones the grouping bag of current transmission, and needs the destination channel of withdrawal by frequency spectrum agent advertisement cognitive radio system; The secondary user's transmitted in described destination channel will vacate channel immediately after end current transmission, when described destination channel completes before primary user terminates the stand-by period, described primary user accesses destination channel, and the service of described primary user just creates extra time delay; Otherwise described primary user will get clogged;
S103: cognitive radio system cancels wait signaling by frequency spectrum agent advertisement authoring system, and primary user is identical with the working mechanism of preemptive type frequency spectrum access way with the access way of secondary user's.
Another aspect of the present invention, proposes a kind of cognitive radio system, and comprise main system, subsystem and frequency spectrum agency, wherein, main system is authoring system, comprises primary user, and subsystem comprises secondary user's access point and secondary user's; Described main system is authorized spectrum division to be two parts, and a part is merely primary user and transmits the channel reservation stayed, and another part is the channel of the use dynamic frequency spectrum deployment technology shared with secondary user's; Main system by frequency spectrum agency temporarily shared portions of the spectrum is hired out to subsystem, secondary user's can opportunistic this partial frequency spectrum hole of use and used frequency spectrum is paid to authoring system; Described cognitive radio system adopts the frequency spectrum access method of the non-preemptive based on consulting of the present invention to be that newly arrived user distributes frequency spectrum.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is based on joint spectrum perception and the cognitive radio networks system of renting;
Fig. 2 is the reciprocal process schematic diagram of cognitive radio networks system;
Fig. 3 is non-preemptive frequency spectrum access method schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is preemptive type frequency spectrum access method schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Illustrate below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further described.
Based on joint spectrum perception and the cognitive radio networks system framework rented as shown in Figure 1 (wherein, CU represents secondary user's, and LU represents main users).Three mutual parts are comprised: main system (authoring system), frequency spectrum agency and subsystem based on joint spectrum perception and the cognitive radio networks system model rented.Wherein, subsystem comprises secondary user's access point and secondary user's.Figure 2 shows based on joint spectrum perception and the reciprocal process of the cognitive radio networks rented in frequency spectrum aspect, service layer and user level.Authoring system is authorized frequency spectrum to divide according to the method shown in accompanying drawing 1, and wherein a part retains frequency spectrum for primary user, and remainder frequency spectrum is the frequency spectrum of permission secondary user's opportunistic frequency spectrum share.Shared portions of the spectrum is temporarily hired out to subsystem by frequency spectrum agency by authoring system.Secondary user's can opportunistic this partial frequency spectrum hole of use and used frequency spectrum is paid to authoring system.Frequency spectrum agency can be management organization (FCC etc. as the U.S.), or authorized third party.Frequency spectrum agency can be regarded as the interworking entity of authoring system and subsystem.
The frequency spectrum of authoring system can be divided into N bar channel, and every bar channel has same band.Wherein R bar channel retains use for primary user, and remaining N-R bar channel can be shared by primary user and secondary user's.Secondary user's obtains not by the spectrum information that primary user takies by perception, accesses this spectrum interposition by adjustment transformation parameter.Primary user can use and arbitrarily authorizes frequency spectrum and have the right to regain by frequency spectrum resource that secondary user's opportunistic takies.Primary user has absolute priority, access spectrum interposition is carried out to the secondary user's transmitted, when primary user needs to take this spectrum interposition, secondary user's needs to switch to other spectrum interposition immediately, when without switchable spectrum interposition and waiting list completely time, the service of secondary user's will there will be interruption.This situation not only causes the waste of power and frequency spectrum resource, is also insupportable for secondary user's simultaneously.This is because concerning need pay use spectrum interposition secondary user's, ites is desirable to obtain have certain QoS guarantee service.Meanwhile, will be rented obtain corresponding income due to authoring system by frequency spectrum, therefore as return, authoring system also needs to ensure that the QoS of secondary user's is ensured.This technology that can realize doulbe-sides' victory is the basic premise of cognitive radio technology commercialization.Therefore, frequency spectrum access mechanism how reasonable in design, when not to primary user cause effectively to ensure when harmful interference the QoS of secondary user's concerning and cognitive radio networks there is important practical significance.
Can realize between authoring system and cognitive radio system by frequency spectrum agency mutual, simultaneously for realizing authorizing the management of frequency spectrum to provide the foundation guarantee.Therefore, in conjunction with cognitive user decision-making formula and the formula of negotiation frequency spectrum access strategy in the present invention, propose a kind of frequency spectrum access mechanism of the non-preemptive based on consulting, the channel that primary user has non-preemptive for secondary user's in this mechanism uses priority.The schematic diagram of non-preemptive frequency spectrum access mechanism is given in accompanying drawing 3.When not having spectrum interposition to switch, secondary user's can't vacate the mandate frequency spectrum that takies at present until current transmission terminates for primary user.Therefore, secondary user's can not due to the arrival forced interruption of primary user.Accordingly, the primary user of arrival needs the t that waits for a period of time
waitto obtain spendable frequency spectrum.Rely on auxiliary control channel to carry out Signalling exchange by frequency spectrum agency between authoring system and cognitive radio system, realize the access control of non-preemptive frequency spectrum.It is as follows that authoring system and cognitive radio system directly carry out mutual details: in cognitive radio system, secondary user's carries out real-time monitoring by by periodic frequency spectrum perception to the situation of shared channel.Once find do not have idle spectral channel, cognitive radio system will occur one by frequency spectrum agency to authoring system and wait for signaling.After receiving this signaling, authoring system notified on authorization user will postpone the grouping bag of current transmission, and is needed the destination channel regained by frequency spectrum agent advertisement cognitive radio system.The secondary user's transmitted in this destination channel will vacate channel immediately after end current transmission.When destination channel can complete before primary user terminates the stand-by period, this primary user can access destination channel, and the service of this primary user just creates extra time delay.Otherwise this primary user will get clogged.When secondary user's is occurred again by perception acquisition spectrum interposition, cognitive radio system will cancel wait signaling by frequency spectrum agent advertisement authoring system.After wait signaling is cancelled, non-preemptive frequency spectrum access way is identical with the working mechanism of preemptive type frequency spectrum access way.Thus, primary user can't the transmission of forced interruption secondary user's.When destination channel completes before primary user terminates the stand-by period, this primary user can access destination channel, and the service of this primary user will create extra time delay.
After wait signaling is cancelled, LU has absolute priority relative to CU.Once LU needs to regain the channel taken by CU, this CU must switch to other spectrum interposition immediately or stop transmission.In this case, the channel of CU can be regarded as and seized by LU.The CU of transmission is stopped the grouping bag of its bust this to be placed in buffer queue and to wait for transmission opportunity next time.But when buffer queue is taken by cognitive user grouping bag, just there is the situation of packet loss in the CU of this stopping transmission.Fig. 4 shows the schematic diagram of preemptive type frequency spectrum access mechanism.
Provide non-preemptive frequency spectrum access mechanism principle proposed by the invention below and its performance and traditional preemptive type frequency spectrum access mechanism are compared.When secondary user's is occurred again by frequency spectrum perception acquisition spectrum interposition, the time of advent of primary user and secondary user's can regard obedience Poisson process as, and average is respectively λ
pand λ
s.The service time of primary user and secondary user's can be assumed to be obedience quantum condition entropy, and average is respectively 1/ μ
pand 1/ μ
s.The uncertain characteristic of available spectrum resources due to secondary user's, therefore thinks the average service time of the average service time of secondary user's little primary user's business far away under normal circumstances, i.e. 1/ μ
s< < 1/ μ
p.The buffer queue of cognitive radio system is fifo queue (First In First Out, FIFO), and queue length is Q.
The compromise of QoS will be there will be between authoring system and cognitive radio system in non-preemptive frequency spectrum access mechanism.This is that primary user can not access the channel shared by secondary user's until it completes current transmission due to when not having spectrum interposition to can be used for secondary user's to switch.Therefore, non-preemptive has better performance relative to preemptive type frequency spectrum access mechanism in the QoS improving secondary user's.Portfolio parameter is the key factor affecting performance index.Along with λ
swith 1/ μ
sincrease, the advantage of non-preemptive frequency spectrum access mechanism is more obvious.
From introducing above, the spectrum efficiency that the present invention efficiently solves present cognitive radio net intermediate frequency spectrum access mechanism is lower, secondary user's forced interruption probability and the longer problem of average delay.And can according to primary user's business characteristic in main system, have for proposition frequency spectrum rental policies, by changing channel reservation number, improve overall system performance not causing main system under the prerequisite of adverse effect.
Above content is in conjunction with concrete preferred implementation further description made for the present invention, can not assert that specific embodiment of the invention is confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, all should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the frequency spectrum access method based on the non-preemptive of consulting, be applied to cognitive radio system, it is characterized in that, the channel that primary user has non-preemptive for secondary user's uses priority, when not having spectrum interposition to switch, secondary user's can't vacate the mandate frequency spectrum that takies at present until current transmission terminates for primary user, and the primary user of arrival needs to wait for a period of time to obtain spendable frequency spectrum; Said method comprising the steps of:
S101: secondary user's carries out real-time monitoring by periodic frequency spectrum perception to the situation of shared channel, when secondary user's finds do not have idle spectral channel, performs step S102, otherwise, perform step S103;
S102: cognitive radio system occurs one by frequency spectrum agency to authoring system and waits for signaling; After receiving this signaling, authoring system notified on authorization user postpones the grouping bag of current transmission, and needs the destination channel of withdrawal by frequency spectrum agent advertisement cognitive radio system; The secondary user's transmitted in described destination channel will vacate channel immediately after end current transmission, when described destination channel completes before primary user terminates the stand-by period, described primary user accesses destination channel, and the service of described primary user just creates extra time delay; Otherwise described primary user will get clogged;
S103: cognitive radio system cancels wait signaling by frequency spectrum agent advertisement authoring system, and primary user is identical with the working mechanism of preemptive type frequency spectrum access way with the access way of secondary user's.
2. as claimed in claim 1 based on the frequency spectrum access method of the non-preemptive of consulting, it is characterized in that: rely on auxiliary control channel to carry out Signalling exchange by frequency spectrum agency between authoring system and cognitive radio system, realize the access control of non-preemptive frequency spectrum.
3., as claimed in claim 1 based on the frequency spectrum access method of the non-preemptive of consulting, it is characterized in that: the buffer queue of described cognitive radio system is fifo queue.
4. a cognitive radio system, is characterized in that: described cognitive radio system comprises main system, subsystem and frequency spectrum agency, and wherein, main system is authoring system, comprises primary user, and subsystem comprises secondary user's access point and secondary user's; Described main system is authorized spectrum division to be two parts, and a part is merely primary user and transmits the channel reservation stayed, and another part is the channel of the use dynamic frequency spectrum deployment technology shared with secondary user's; Main system by frequency spectrum agency temporarily shared portions of the spectrum is hired out to subsystem, secondary user's can opportunistic this partial frequency spectrum hole of use and used frequency spectrum is paid to authoring system; Described cognitive radio system adopts the frequency spectrum access method based on the non-preemptive of consulting as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 to be that newly arrived user distributes frequency spectrum.
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