CN104639117A - Air-insulated switch and fast-rise-time high-voltage square wave generator - Google Patents
Air-insulated switch and fast-rise-time high-voltage square wave generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN104639117A CN104639117A CN201410766419.8A CN201410766419A CN104639117A CN 104639117 A CN104639117 A CN 104639117A CN 201410766419 A CN201410766419 A CN 201410766419A CN 104639117 A CN104639117 A CN 104639117A
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- outer conductor
- inner wire
- forming line
- pulse forming
- air insulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/64—Generators producing trains of pulses, i.e. finite sequences of pulses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/64—Generators producing trains of pulses, i.e. finite sequences of pulses
- H03K3/72—Generators producing trains of pulses, i.e. finite sequences of pulses with means for varying repetition rate of trains
Abstract
The invention discloses an air-insulated switch and a fast-rise-time high-voltage square wave generator. The air-insulated switch comprises an inner conductor, outer conductors, an insulating sleeve and a trigger pin which are arranged coaxially, wherein the trigger pin moves forward and backward along the center of a through hole under the action of an electromagnet driving mechanism to impact the inner conductor for triggering. The fast-rise-time high-voltage square wave generator comprises a high-voltage power supply, a charging resistor, a primary pulse forming line, a secondary pulse forming line, the air-insulated switch and a load. The air-insulated switch is compact in structure and convenient to operate, and only requires a certain insulation distance kept between the inner conductor and the outer conductors without no other insulation media (solid films, liquid-insulated media or insulating gases such as nitrogen, and the like) and a vacuumizing mode. The fast-rise-time high-voltage square wave generator has the advantages of fast square wave output rise time, high amplitude value, precision and convenience in square wave amplitude value adjustment and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to high voltage technique and Pulse Power Techniques, relate to a kind of high-voltage square-wave generator, especially a kind of high-voltage square-wave generator of fast rise time
Background technology
Square-wave pulse generator is mainly used in high voltage technique and technical field of pulse power, is commonly used to carry out experimental calibration to the voltage ratio of this kind of measuring probe of voltage divider, requires it is that rising front is fast as far as possible, amplitude is high to its square wave exported.
The principle of square-wave pulse generator is, use pulse forming line (coaxial cable, L-C boostrap or strip transmission line) as energy-storage units, quick-make switch is connected with pulse forming line, paired pulses forms line and carries out DC charging in advance, by controlling Closing Switch quick-make, the folding generated electromagnetic waves in pulse forming line, return and be emitted through journey, thus form square-wave pulse.The performance of the forward position of square-wave pulse, amplitude and waveform and Closing Switch is closely related.
Current square-wave pulse generator adopts mercury to moisten switch (i.e. mercoid switch), discharge tube, semiconductor switch, gas spark switch, thin film switch etc. usually.Use first three to plant the square-wave generator of switch, by the restriction of the performance of switch own, be difficult to meet the requirement exporting square-wave pulse forward position fast (ns level), amplitude high (more than 10kV) simultaneously.Closely-related with the present invention, the patent of invention that in January, 2005 authorizes and a kind of fast leading edge and high voltage square wave pulse generator, Liu Rui disclosed in 2006 for demarcating the high voltage nanosecond pulse generator of voltage divider and Mao Zhiguo a kind of 10kV square-wave voltage generator disclosed in 2007.Wherein, the first generator adopts single discharging gap solid film medium switch, is equipped with Electromagnetic Drive mechanical type trigger mechanism, connects standard coaxial cable, and export square-wave pulse waveform rule, forward position is less than 2ns, and amplitude reaches 12kV.The second generator uses Compact gas spark switch, and export square wave amplitude 10kV, forward position is about 13ns.The third generator uses compact nitrogen spark switch, and export square wave amplitude 10kV, forward position is less than 2ns.
Certain deficiency is all there is in above-mentioned three kinds of square-wave generators in use.For the first generator, because namely the solid film being used in switch insulating lost efficacy after one-time use, all need the film more renewed before each use, make troubles to user, reduce conventional efficient.Though it is high that the second generator exports square wave amplitude, but forward position comparatively slow (13ns), square wave front edge and the amplitude of the output of the third generator are all ideal, but owing to using high pressure nitrogen spark switch, a high-pressure nitrogen bottle need be equipped with, make whole device comparatively complicated huge.In addition, the adjustment of latter two generator output voltage amplitude can only pass through the air pressure height in by-pass cock, very inconvenient, and cannot realize the accurate adjustment of the other side's wave amplitude; And the first generator only need regulate the charging voltage forming line can change the amplitude exporting square wave.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, in order to overcome existing square-wave generator above shortcomings, to propose a kind of fast-response air insulation switch and fast rise time high-voltage square-wave generator.This generator adopts air insulation switch, without the need to using insulation film, the mechanical trigger mechanism of construction of switch simple tight fit Electromagnetic Drive, form line and use Blumlein pairs of transmission line configuration, export square wave front edge fast (being less than 5ns), amplitude high (more than 10kV), the adjustment of square wave amplitude is accurate and convenient.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of air insulation switch, comprises the coaxial inner wire, outer conductor, insulating case and the triggering pin that arrange; Inner wire comprises the tail end of heavy in section working end and small bore, smoothly transits between working end and tail end; Insulating case is horn structure, is socketed in inner wire outer ring; Outer conductor comprises the triggering outer conductor of end cover structure and the conducting outer conductor of horn structure, conducting outer conductor is socketed in the outer ring of insulating case, and tail end is path, trigger the flare end that outer conductor is buckled in conducting outer conductor, the end cap central triggering outer conductor is provided with through hole, the center of the positive inner conductors working end, center of through hole;
Trigger the center that coaxial needle is arranged on through hole, the center along through hole under the effect of described triggering pin dependence solenoid actuated mechanism moves forward and backward, and clashes into inner wire and triggers.
In above-mentioned air insulation switch, the tail end of inner wire and the tail end triggering outer conductor electrically connect with the inner wire of standard electric cable end and outer conductor respectively.
In above-mentioned air insulation switch, driving mechanism is electromagnet, triggers pin and is fixed on electromagnet armature.
In above-mentioned air insulation switch, trigger between outer conductor and conducting outer conductor and rely on screw thread pair to connect, be between conducting outer conductor and insulating case, between insulating case and inner wire and closely cooperate.
In above-mentioned air insulation switch, inner wire, triggering outer conductor and conducting outer conductor all use brass processing and fabricating, and insulating case uses polytetrafluoroethylene processing and fabricating.
In above-mentioned air insulation switch, between conducting outer conductor and the large end end face of inner wire, insulation distance is radially greater than 10mm.
A kind of fast rise time high-voltage square-wave generator, comprises high-voltage power supply, charging resistor, one-level pulse forming line, secondary pulse forming line, air insulation switch and load; High voltage source is by charging resistor to one-level pulse forming line and secondary PFL charging, and one-level pulse forming line is directly connected with secondary pulse forming line inner wire, and outer conductor is then connected by load resistance; The inner wire of secondary pulse forming line is directly connected with outer conductor with the inner wire of air insulation switch with outer conductor.
In above-mentioned fast rise time high-voltage square-wave generator, one-level pulse forming line and secondary pulse forming line all adopt industrial standard coaxial cable, and both length is equal, and its length is determined by required output square-wave pulse width.
The Advantageous Effects that the present invention has is as follows:
1, the air insulation construction of switch used in the fast rise time high-voltage square-wave generator that the present invention develops is compact, easy to operate, without the need to using other dielectric (insulating gas etc. such as solid film, liquid insulating medium or nitrogen), also without the need to by vacuumizing mode, as long as make to keep certain insulation distance between internal and external conductor.
2, the triggering pin in air insulation switch of the present invention is under the mechanical trigger mechanism effect of Electromagnetic Drive, direct shock inner wire, make the current potential clashing into rear triggering pin consistent with inner wire, because the gap of triggering between pin and outer conductor is very little, cause realizing current potential by gap discharge between the two consistent, realize the quick-make of air insulation switch, thus in load, obtain the square-wave pulse of fast rise time.
3, fast rise time high-voltage square-wave generator of the present invention exports square wave front edge fast (being less than 5ns), amplitude high (more than 10kV), and square wave amplitude regulates precisely and conveniently, the generation for square-wave pulse provides new thinking.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structure principle chart of air switch of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of fast rise time high-voltage square-wave generator of the present invention,
In figure: 1-high voltage charging power supply; 2-charging resistor; 3-one-level pulse forming line; 4-secondary pulse forming line; 5-air insulation switch; 6-load resistance; 7-inner wire; 8-triggers outer conductor; 9-conducting outer conductor; 10-insulating case; 11-cable end; 12-triggers pin; 13-insulating bar; 14-armature; 15-electromagnet; 16-base.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, fast rise time high-voltage square-wave generator of the present invention is according to the Blumlein pairs of transmission line principle in Pulse Power Techniques.In figure, high-voltage DC power supply 1 gives one-level pulse forming line 3 by charging resistor 2, secondary pulse forming line 4 carries out DC charging, load resistance 6 is connected across between the outer conductor of two pulse forming lines, form charge circuit simultaneously, air insulation switch 5 is positioned at the end of secondary pulse forming line 4, after paired pulses forms the charging complete of line, triggering air insulation switch 5 makes it close, pulse forming line 4 will produce identical with charging voltage amplitude, opposite polarity voltage wave, this voltage wave is propagated along pulse forming line, after catadioptric, load resistance 6 produces and exports pulse.Through calculating, when the length of two pulse forming lines is equal, wave impedance is equal and equal load resistance two/for the moment, the amplitude now exporting pulse is the highest, equals charging voltage value, and pulse duration is the electrical length of pulse forming line.
As shown in Figure 2, air insulation switch 5 is critical components of square-wave pulse generator, and its performance determines the forward position of square wave.The global design of air insulation switch is coaxial variable-diameter structure, inner wire 7 is as high-field electrode, outer conductor is by triggering outer conductor 8 and conducting outer conductor 9 is formed, electrical connection is kept between the two by screw thread pair, be insulating case 10 between internal and external conductor, the internal diameter of insulating case and outside dimension design according to required wave impedance.In order to bear higher DC charging voltage, switch left end sectional dimension is comparatively large, has the surface insulation distance being greater than 10mm, stops sliding along face between outer conductor and inner wire (high-field electrode) to be dodged.After tapering transition, switch sectional dimension reduces, and directly can be connected with industrial standard coaxial cable.
Trigger between outer conductor 8 and inner wire 7 and keep certain air insulation distance according to the size of charging voltage.Triggering pin 12 is metallic conductor, is connected with the armature 15 of electromagnet 14 by insulating bar 13, and trigger pin 12 and be installed in the centre bore of outer conductor 9, gap is very little between the two.During work, trigger the electromagnet 15 on base 16, driven by armature 14 and trigger pin 12 directly shock inner wire 7, the current potential triggering pin 12 after clashing into is consistent with inner wire 7, because the gap of triggering between pin 12 and outer conductor 9 is very little, cause realizing current potential by gap discharge between the two consistent, realize the quick-make of air insulation switch, thus in load, obtain the square-wave pulse of fast rise time.
Example: according to the high-voltage square-wave generator of said method development, two wave impedance are used to be that the industry standard cables parallel connection of 50 Ω is as pulse forming line, the wave impedance of switch sections designs according to 25 Ω, the external diameter of the large end of inner wire is 20mm, when the internal diameter of the large end of outer conductor is 36mm, when internal and external conductor spacing is 5mm, switch can bear 10kV high pressure, and the forward position exporting square wave is less than 5ns.
Air switch of the present invention overcomes the deficiency needing the dielectrics such as solid film in existing air insulation switch, directly utilize the air gap between triggering pin and inner wire and level match process, realize the quick-make of air insulation switch, thus in load, obtaining the square-wave pulse of fast rise time, the generation for Pulse Power Techniques provides new thinking.
Claims (8)
1. an air insulation switch, is characterized in that: comprise the inner wire (7) of coaxial setting, outer conductor, insulating case (9) and trigger pin (12);
Described inner wire (7) comprises the tail end of heavy in section working end and small bore, smoothly transits between described working end and tail end;
Described insulating case (10) is horn structure, is socketed in inner wire (7) outer ring;
Described outer conductor comprises the triggering outer conductor (8) of end cover structure and the conducting outer conductor (9) of horn structure, described conducting outer conductor (9) is socketed in the outer ring of insulating case (10), and tail end is path, described triggering outer conductor (8) is buckled in the flare end of conducting outer conductor (9), the end cap central triggering outer conductor (8) is provided with through hole, the center of positive inner conductors (7) working end, center of described through hole;
Described triggering pin (12) is coaxially arranged on the center of through hole, center along through hole under the effect of described triggering pin (12) dependence electromagnet (14) driving mechanism moves forward and backward, and clashes into inner wire (7) and triggers.
2. air insulation switch according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the tail end of described inner wire (7) and the tail end triggering outer conductor (9) electrically connect with the inner wire of standard electric cable end (11) and outer conductor respectively.
3. air insulation switch according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described driving mechanism is electromagnet (14), and described triggering pin (12) is fixed on the armature (15) of electromagnet (14).
4. air insulation switch according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: between described triggering outer conductor (8) and conducting outer conductor (9), rely on screw thread pair to connect, be between conducting outer conductor (9) and insulating case (10), between insulating case (10) and inner wire (7) and closely cooperate.
5. air insulation switch according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described inner wire (7), triggering outer conductor (8) and conducting outer conductor (9) all use brass processing and fabricating, and described insulating case (10) uses polytetrafluoroethylene processing and fabricating.
6. air insulation switch according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described conducting outer conductor (9) and inner wire (7) to hold greatly between end face insulation distance to be radially greater than 10mm.
7. comprise a fast rise time high-voltage square-wave generator for air insulation switch according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise high-voltage power supply (1), charging resistor (2), one-level pulse forming line (3), secondary pulse forming line (4), air insulation switch (5) and load (6); Described high voltage source (1) is charged to one-level pulse forming line (3) and secondary pulse forming line (4) by charging resistor (2), one-level pulse forming line (3) is directly connected with secondary pulse forming line (4) inner wire, and outer conductor is then connected by load resistance (6); The inner wire of described secondary pulse forming line (4) is directly connected with outer conductor with the inner wire of air insulation switch (5) with outer conductor.
8. fast rise time high-voltage square-wave generator according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described one-level pulse forming line (3) and secondary pulse forming line (4) all adopt industrial standard coaxial cable, both length is equal, and its length is determined by required output square-wave pulse width.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410766419.8A CN104639117B (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2014-12-12 | A kind of air insulation switch and fast rise time high-voltage square-wave generator |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410766419.8A CN104639117B (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2014-12-12 | A kind of air insulation switch and fast rise time high-voltage square-wave generator |
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| CN104639117A true CN104639117A (en) | 2015-05-20 |
| CN104639117B CN104639117B (en) | 2017-06-20 |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104953987A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-09-30 | 西北核技术研究所 | Coaxial two-stage reentrant pulse forming line |
| CN107786115A (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2018-03-09 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | A kind of compact pulse high current device |
| CN108362964A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-08-03 | 北京京航计算通讯研究所 | A kind of high-voltage square-wave clock of simulation complex electromagnetic environment |
| CN109560354A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-04-02 | 中电科仪器仪表有限公司 | A kind of low-loss single-pole single-throw(SPST RF switch |
| CN109859963A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-06-07 | 西安维国电子科技有限公司 | A kind of integrated electromagnetic driving switch for subnanosecond square-wave generator |
| CN115308543A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-11-08 | 重庆大学 | Method for determining waveform parameter range with maximum influence on air insulation fault risk rate |
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| CN102025348A (en) * | 2010-09-25 | 2011-04-20 | 西北核技术研究所 | Switch and capacitor integrated fast frontier nuclear electromagnetic pulse source |
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| US5412254A (en) * | 1991-12-24 | 1995-05-02 | Gec-Marconi Limited | High voltage pulse generator |
| US6033565A (en) * | 1995-11-23 | 2000-03-07 | Stichting Voor De Technische Weteschappen | System for treating gases or fluids with pulsed corona discharges |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104953987A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-09-30 | 西北核技术研究所 | Coaxial two-stage reentrant pulse forming line |
| CN104953987B (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2017-07-28 | 西北核技术研究所 | Coaxial two-stage reentries pulse-forming line |
| CN107786115A (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2018-03-09 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | A kind of compact pulse high current device |
| CN108362964A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-08-03 | 北京京航计算通讯研究所 | A kind of high-voltage square-wave clock of simulation complex electromagnetic environment |
| CN109560354A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-04-02 | 中电科仪器仪表有限公司 | A kind of low-loss single-pole single-throw(SPST RF switch |
| CN109560354B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2020-12-18 | 中电科仪器仪表有限公司 | Low-loss single-pole single-throw radio frequency switch |
| CN109859963A (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-06-07 | 西安维国电子科技有限公司 | A kind of integrated electromagnetic driving switch for subnanosecond square-wave generator |
| CN109859963B (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2020-06-16 | 西安维国电子科技有限公司 | Integrated electromagnetic drive switch for subnanosecond square wave generator |
| CN115308543A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-11-08 | 重庆大学 | Method for determining waveform parameter range with maximum influence on air insulation fault risk rate |
| CN115308543B (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2023-12-22 | 重庆大学 | Method for determining waveform parameter range with maximum influence on air insulation fault risk rate |
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| CN104639117B (en) | 2017-06-20 |
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