CN104638501A - Small-size optical fiber femtosecond laser with wide repetition frequency tuning range - Google Patents
Small-size optical fiber femtosecond laser with wide repetition frequency tuning range Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a small-size optical fiber femtosecond laser with a wide repetition frequency tuning range. The small-size optical fiber femtosecond laser comprises a repetition frequency adjustable erbium-doped optical fiber laser based on a mixing mode-locking mechanism, a repetition frequency locking system and a computer control system, wherein the erbium-doped optical fiber laser is provided with an annular cavity, an automatically controlled optical delay line is added into the cavity, the repetition frequency of the laser can realize the large-range tuning, and in order to realize the repetition frequency stabilization, on one hand, piezoelectric ceramics are used for controlling the length of the gain optical fiber, so that the short period fluctuation of the repetition frequency is inhibited; on the other hand, the large-range long-period fluctuation of the repetition frequency can be compensated through regulating an optical delay line. The femtosecond laser has the advantages that the size is small, the stability is high, the repetition frequency tuning performance is realized, the repetition frequency can be controlled, and the like. The work potential in industrial environment is realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of measuring technique, particularly a kind of Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser with wide repetition rate tuning range.
Background technology
Utilize two femto-second laser composition asynchronous time domain sampling systems with certain repetition rate difference, high-precision absolute distance measurement and precise light spectrometry can be realized.The method has the advantages such as the fast and accuracy height of measuring speed because of it, has become the focus of present laser field of precision measurement.The performance of femto-second laser is the bottleneck of whole measuring system.Although current used optical fiber femtosecond laser, compared to femto-second solid laser device, there is the advantage of compact, cheap and good stability, but in order to utilize femtosecond laser to carry out accurate measurement in commercial Application, the performance of optical fiber femtosecond laser also needs to be promoted.On the one hand, the tuning range increasing femtosecond laser repetition rate is needed.2004, the people such as Washburn added fiber delay line in erbium-doped fiber annular chamber, obtained the repetition rate adjustable range of 49.3MHz-50.1MHz.In the same year, the people such as Hundertmark utilize movable mirror to obtain the repetition rate adjustable range of 55.3MHz-56.4MHz in erbium-doped fiber chamber.Although above-mentioned laser achieves the tuning of repetition rate, tuning range is very limited.The tuning range increasing repetition rate can make the repetition rate adjustable range of femto-second laser be enough to suppress long-term temperature drift, and this also can make the close femto-second laser of making two repetition rates become easier.On the other hand, the stability improving femto second optical fiber laser mode-lock status is needed.Nonlinear polarization and saturable absorption are two kinds of common optical fiber femtosecond laser locked mode mechanism; but all have both advantages and disadvantages separately; erbium-doped fiber laser based on saturable absorption and nonlinear polarization rotation mixed mode-locking mechanism can produce self-starting and the stable femto-second laser pulse of locked mode, and this mixed mode-locking mechanism is very effective for the adaptable frequency comb of production environment.But, how effectively to realize effective combination of two kinds of locked mode mechanism, need the dispersion characteristics for femtosecond laser resonant cavity to be optimized.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser with wide repetition rate tuning range, the optical delay line automatically controlled is added in loop laser chamber, and on erbium-doped fiber, adhere to piezoelectric ceramic, the long short-term fluctuation suppressing repetition rate in chamber is changed by piezoelectric ceramic, achieve the tuning of optical fiber femtosecond laser repetition rate on a large scale, optimize the intra-cavity dispersion of optical fiber femtosecond laser, achieve effective combination of nonlinear polarization and saturable absorption, this mixed mode-locking mode is finally utilized to improve the stability of laser.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
There is a Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser for wide repetition rate tuning range, comprise based on the adjustable erbium-doped fiber laser of repetition rate of mixed mode-locking mechanism, repetition rate locking system and computer control system, wherein:
The described repetition rate based on mixed mode-locking mechanism adjustable erbium-doped fiber laser comprises being successively set on pumping source 1 emitting light path couples together by monomode fiber 210 wavelength division multiplexer 200 forming annular laser cavity, be stained with the erbium-doped fiber 201 of piezoelectric ceramic 202, optical isolator 203, semiconductor saturable absorber 204, optical delay line 205 and be arranged on optical delay line 205 left and right collimating lens between nonlinear polarization rotation device, find optimum polarization state by nonlinear polarization rotation device thus realize locked mode, mode-locked laser exports with spatial light,
Described repetition rate locking system comprises the coupler 300 connecing described spatial light and be divided into two bundles, and is set in turn in photodetector 301 in wherein a branch of light path, the optical splitter 302 of 1:2, filter 303, amplifier 304, phase detector 305, proportional integrator 306 and high-voltage amplifier 307, described phase detector 305 is made up of a frequency mixer and a low pass filter, this frequency mixer connects the local oscillated signal that the local oscillator 309 be locked on rubidium clock 308 exports, the signal of telecommunication that amplifier 304 exports and this local oscillated signal carry out mixing and take out difference frequency signal by low pass filter again, this difference frequency signal and error signal, error signal again passing ratio integrator 306 becomes voltage signal, high-voltage signal is obtained eventually through high-voltage amplifier 307, to change the chamber of described erbium-doped fiber laser long for controlling piezoelectric ceramic 202 for this high-voltage signal, thus suppress the short-term fluctuation of repetition rate, the repetition rate of Output of laser is stablized,
Described computer control system comprises computer 400 and frequency meter 401, its frequency is inputed to computer 400 by the road that the optical splitter 302 that frequency meter 401 meets 1:2 outputs signal and rubidium clock 308, computer 400 also receives the output of proportional integrator 306 by data collecting card 402, computer 400 by judge proportional integrator 306 output optical delay line 205 is controlled, realize the long increase of described erbium-doped fiber laser chamber or reduction, compensate the long-term wide fluctuations of Output of laser repetition rate.
The laser coupled that pumping source 1 sends by described wavelength division multiplexer 200 is in loop laser chamber, erbium-doped fiber 201 and optical isolator 203 ensure that light moves along a single direction, and semiconductor saturable absorber 204 utilizes and realizes self-starting to the nonlinear filtering wave effect of light intensity.
Described nonlinear polarization rotation device is by quarter wave plate the 206, the 1 wave plate 207, polarization splitting prism the 208 and the 2 1/2 wave plate 209 that are successively set in light path, find optimum polarization state by rotating wave plate thus realize locked mode, mode-locked laser is exported with spatial light by polarization splitting prism 208.
Described erbium-doped fiber 201 is wound in ring.
Repetition rate locking is carried out on the road that the optical splitter 302 that described frequency meter 401 meets 1:2 outputs signal, another road that the optical splitter 302 of 1:2 outputs signal is connected to band pass filter 303, frequency signal outside repetition rate to be locked filters by band pass filter 303, reduces Noise and Interference.
The frequency setting of described local oscillator 309 is all consistent with repetition rate to be locked with the frequency setting of rubidium clock 308.
The chamber that described high-voltage signal changes erbium-doped fiber laser as feedback signal control piezoelectric ceramic 202 is long, until the error signal exported is 0.
Excursion has been exceeded when repetition rate changes, data collecting card 402 continuous collecting error signal gives computer, by error signal, computer 400 judges repetition rate changes whether exceed control range, if exceed, then control both optical delay line 205, makes it progressively move, often move after moving a step and error signal is judged, until error signal is 0, makes optical delay line 205 stop motion, namely reach the suppression to the long-term wide fluctuations of repetition rate.
Continue to be locked in 14 hours of rubidium clock by the Output of laser fundamental frequency of the miniature fiber femto-second laser with wide repetition rate tuning range, the standard variance of fundamental frequency is 0.16mHz.
Have in the present invention in the miniature fiber femto-second laser of wide repetition rate tuning range, the maximum laser cavity that can change of the optical time delay line that can automatically control is about 5.5cm, thus can obtain the wide repetition rate tuning range of 101.29MHz-103.02MHz.
The present invention has the miniature fiber femto-second laser of wide repetition rate tuning range, not only can lock the fundamental frequency of Output of laser, but also can lock 10 subharmonic (1.02GHz), when 10 subharmonic locking, feedback bandwidth can reach ~ 400Hz.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Pulse characteristics figure when Fig. 2 is different repetition rate, wherein, note: (a) and (d) is 101.3MHz, b () and (e) is 102.0MHz, c () and (f) is 103.0MHz, the resolution bandwidth of spectrometer (86142B, Agilent) is 2nm, the sweep limits of autocorrelation function analyzer (PulseCheck, APE) is 1500fs.
The sequential chart that Fig. 3 is repetition rate when being 102.0MHz and spectrogram, wherein the resolution bandwidth of (N9020A, the Agilent) of frequency spectrograph is 1MHz, decays to 10dB.
Fig. 4 is that long repetition rate controls schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
System configuration of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.This system comprises three parts: the repetition rate based on mixed mode-locking mechanism is adjustable erbium-doped fiber laser, repetition rate locking system and computer control system.
Wherein comprise being successively set on based on the repetition rate adjustable erbium-doped fiber laser of mixed mode-locking mechanism and pumping source 1 emitting light path couples together by monomode fiber 210 wavelength division multiplexer 200 forming annular laser cavity, be stained with the erbium-doped fiber 201 of piezoelectric ceramic 202, optical isolator 203, semiconductor saturable absorber 204, optical delay line 205, quarter wave plate 206, one 1/2 wave plate 207, polarization splitting prism the 208 and the 2 1/2 wave plate 209, the laser coupled that pumping source 1 sends by wavelength division multiplexer 200 is in loop laser chamber, erbium-doped fiber 201 and optical isolator 203 ensure that light moves along a single direction, reverberation is avoided to impact pumping source 1, cause pumping laser pattern chaotic, semiconductor saturable absorber 204 utilizes and realizes self-starting to the nonlinear filtering wave effect of light intensity.And quarter wave plate the 206, the 1 wave plate 207, polarization splitting prism the 208 and the 2 1/2 wave plate 209 are positioned between the left and right collimating lens of optical delay line 205, form nonlinear polarization rotation device, can find optimum polarization state by rotating wave plate and realize locked mode, mode-locked laser is exported with spatial light by polarization splitting prism 208; Erbium-doped fiber 201 is wound in ring and is stained with piezoelectric ceramic 202, and the chamber that can be changed loop laser chamber by control piezoelectric ceramic 202 and optical delay line 205 is long.
Repetition rate locking system comprises the coupler 300, photodetector 301, the optical splitter 302 of 1:2, filter 303, amplifier 304, phase detector 305, proportional integrator 306, high-voltage amplifier 307, rubidium clock 308 and the local oscillator 309 that are arranged on after described erbium-doped fiber mode-locked laser spatial light exports.Two bundles are divided into by coupler 300 after the spatial light of erbium-doped fiber mode-locked laser output is coupled to monomode fiber by collimater 211, a branch ofly to lock for repetition rate, a branch ofly after amplifying, measure use, for the light of repetition rate locking by becoming the signal of telecommunication after photodetector 301, then by the laggard applying aspect detector 305 of 1:2 optical splitter 302, filter 303 and amplifier 304.Phase detector 305 is made up of a frequency mixer and a low pass filter, through filtering, the signal of telecommunication after amplification and local oscillated signal carry out mixing and form error signal, local oscillated signal is generated by local oscillator 309, local oscillator 309 to be locked on rubidium clock 308 and to need according to repetition rate value to be locked setting frequency of oscillation, the voltage signal in certain limit is become after the error signal passing ratio integrator 306 obtained, high-voltage signal is obtained after entering high-voltage amplifier 307 again, chamber for controlling piezoelectric ceramic 202 and then change loop laser chamber is long, thus the short-term fluctuation of repetition rate can be suppressed, the repetition rate of Output of laser is stablized.
Computer control system comprises computer 400, frequency meter 401 and data collecting card 402.Frequency meter 401 is electrically connected to computer by the gpib interface of self, the road that the optical splitter 302 that frequency meter 401 meets 1:2 outputs signal and rubidium clock 308 detect its frequency, testing result inputs to computer 400, computer 400 receives the output of proportional integrator 306 by data collecting card 402, computer program is by judging that the output of proportional integrator 306 controls automatically to optical delay line 205, realize the long increase in chamber or reduction, compensate the long-term wide fluctuations of Output of laser repetition rate.
Making and the operation of light comb system of the present invention comprise the following steps:
1, respectively according to three parts shown in Fig. 1: the repetition rate based on mixed mode-locking mechanism is adjustable, and erbium-doped fiber laser, repetition rate locking system and computer control system build the optical fiber femtosecond laser with wide repetition rate tuning range.Wherein in erbium doped fiber laser, erbium-doped fiber 201 adopts ER110-4/125, Liekki, length is about 0.7m, monomode fiber 210 total length is about 1m, the SA-1550-25-FC/APC that semiconductor saturable absorber 204 adopts BATOP company to produce, the optical delay line 205 that can automatically control adopts the optical delay line-300-MC/RS232 of OZ company, and piezoelectric ceramic 202 adopts the AE0505D16F of Throlabs company.In repetition rate locking system, photodetector 301 adopts the three dB bandwidth of Newport company up to 1611 of 1GHz, the frequency mixer of composition phase detector 305 adopts the ZAD-2+ of Mini-Circuits company, low pass filter adopts the BLP-1.9+ of Mini-Circuits company, but the cut-off frequency of low pass filter will be determined according to the repetition rate size of locking, proportional integrator adopts the LB1005 that 306 use Newport company, local oscillator 309 adopts the E8663D of Aglient company, rubidium clock 308 adopts the PRS10 of SRS company, its A Lan variance when average time is 1s is less than 2 × 10
-11.Frequency meter 401 in computer control system adopts the 53230A of Aglient company.
After the optical fiber femtosecond laser 2, with wide repetition rate tuning range is put up, the signal of telecommunication exported from photodetector 301 is linked into frequency spectrograph 86142B, on Agilent and oscilloscope, limit regulates the signal on wave plate quarter wave plate the 206, the 1 wave plate the 207, the 2 1/2 wave plate 209 limit observation frequency spectrograph and oscilloscope, until obtain stable mode-lock status, regulate the pump power of pumping source 1 afterwards until observe enough wide spectral region and the pulse sequence shown on oscilloscope does not have the harmonic peaks of other grade time on frequency spectrograph.
3, after optical fiber femtosecond laser success locked mode, the chamber changing laser with computer 400 control both optical delay line 205 is long, until repetition rate reaches desired value, in order to repetition rate locking process afterwards describes conveniently, at this for 102.0MHz.
4, when repetition rate is locked, with photodetector 301, the mode-locked signal exported from erbium-doped fiber laser is become the signal of telecommunication, again by the beam splitter 302 of 1:2, get a part and carry out repetition rate locking, by band pass filter 303, the frequency signal outside repetition rate to be locked is filtered afterwards, reduce Noise and Interference, signal is after filtering amplified into phase detector 305 by amplifier 304, phase detector 305 is made up of a frequency mixer and a low pass filter, frequency mixer is by through filtering, the signal of telecommunication after amplification superposes with local oscillated signal, here the frequency setting of local oscillator 309 is 102.0MHz, local oscillator 309 will be locked on rubidium clock 308, the frequency of rubidium clock 308 also will be set as 102.0MHz.The signal exported from frequency mixer takes out difference frequency signal by low pass filter again, this difference frequency signal is exactly required error signal, the voltage signal become after error signal passing ratio integrator 306 corner frequency obtained and gain are set to 3kHz and 5dB respectively in certain limit is 0-10V here, obtaining high-voltage signal after entering high-voltage amplifier 307 is again 0-150V here, it is long that high-voltage signal changes chamber as feedback signal control piezoelectric ceramic 202, until the error signal exported is 0, thus inhibit the short-term fluctuation of repetition rate, realize the stable of Output of laser repetition rate.
5, the feedback voltage in above-mentioned repetition rate locking process changes from 0-150V, the excursion that can control repetition rate is about 488Hz, exceeded 488Hz such as along with the long-term wide fluctuations of the environmental factors such as temperature when repetition rate changes, computer control system will play a role.Data collecting card 402 continuous collecting error signal can give computer, by error signal, computer 400 judges that repetition rate changes the control range whether exceeded in step 4, if exceed, computer will control both optical delay line 205, it is made to move length by length, often moving moves a step approximately can make the long change in chamber 2 μm, corresponding repetition rate changes about 50Hz, often move after moving a step and error signal is judged, until error signal is 0, make optical delay line 205 stop motion, namely reach the suppression to the long-term wide fluctuations of repetition rate.
6, so far optical fiber femtosecond laser just can run when repetition rate is stable in real time, if when restarting after whole system shutdown, because the impact of environmental factor or other extraneous factor makes mode-lock status change or pattern losing lock, as long as just original mode-lock status can be recovered by rotating wave plate quarter wave plate the 206, the 1 wave plate the 207, the 2 1/2 wave plate 209.
In order to detect the performance of whole system, spectrometer, frequency spectrograph, oscilloscope, autocorrelation function analyzer and the signal analyzer output signal to light comb system is utilized to test.When utilizing optical delay line change chamber long, obtain the light pulse that repetition rate is respectively 101.3MHz, 102.0MHz and 103.0MHz, the spectral shape under three kinds of repetition rates is similar, and three dB bandwidth is respectively 53.0nm, 50.8nm and 50.7nm.Utilize autocorrelation function analyzer PulseCheck, APE measures the duration of pulse, if pulse has the shape of sech function, the theoretic pulse duration can reach about 50fs, but because the pulse signal exported sends into autocorrelation function analyzer by the monomode fiber of 20cm, pulse produces to a certain extent and warbles, and causes the pulse duration to increase.Spectrum and pulse duration test result are as shown in Figure 2.
After fundamental frequency 102.0MHz is locked, with oscilloscope and frequency spectrograph N9020A, Agilent measures output signal, and test result as shown in Figure 3.Can find out that from oscilloscope the time-domain signal exporting pulse does not have other grade of subharmonic and stray RF noise peak.Because the bandwidth of photodetector is up to 1GHz, so can see that the energy of 10 rd harmonic signal is not decayed substantially in the radio-frequency spectrum of output signal.
In order to test the long-time stability of whole system, fundamental frequency 102.0MHz being locked, under the control of piezoelectric ceramic and optical delay line, testing the repetition rate stability of 14 hours when there is no temperature control.Fig. 4 provides the change of repetition rate and the A Lan variance under different average time.The standard variance that therefrom can calculate repetition rate is 0.16mHz, and when average time is 1s and 1024s, the A Lan variance of repetition rate is respectively 1.71 × 10
-12with 3.91 × 10
-14.
The various embodiments described above are only for illustration of the present invention, and wherein the model, connected mode etc. of each parts all can change to some extent, and every equivalents of carrying out on the basis of technical solution of the present invention and improvement, all should not get rid of outside protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. there is a Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser for wide repetition rate tuning range, it is characterized in that, comprise based on the adjustable erbium-doped fiber laser of repetition rate of mixed mode-locking mechanism, repetition rate locking system and computer control system, wherein:
The described repetition rate based on mixed mode-locking mechanism adjustable erbium-doped fiber laser comprises being successively set on pumping source (1) emitting light path couples together by monomode fiber (210) wavelength division multiplexer (200) forming annular laser cavity, be stained with the erbium-doped fiber (201) of piezoelectric ceramic (202), optical isolator (203), semiconductor saturable absorber (204), optical delay line (205) and be arranged on optical delay line (205) left and right collimating lens between nonlinear polarization rotation device, find optimum polarization state by nonlinear polarization rotation device thus realize locked mode, mode-locked laser exports with spatial light,
Described repetition rate locking system comprises the coupler (300) connecing described spatial light and be divided into two bundles, and is set in turn in photodetector (301) in wherein a branch of light path, the optical splitter (302) of 1:2, filter (303), amplifier (304), phase detector (305), proportional integrator (306) and high-voltage amplifier (307), described phase detector (305) is made up of a frequency mixer and a low pass filter, this frequency mixer connects the local oscillated signal being locked in the local oscillator (309) on rubidium clock (308) and exporting, the signal of telecommunication that amplifier (304) exports and this local oscillated signal carry out mixing and take out difference frequency signal by low pass filter again, this difference frequency signal and error signal, error signal again passing ratio integrator (306) becomes voltage signal, high-voltage signal is obtained eventually through high-voltage amplifier (307), to change the chamber of described erbium-doped fiber laser long for controlling piezoelectric ceramic (202) for this high-voltage signal, thus suppress the short-term fluctuation of repetition rate, the repetition rate of Output of laser is stablized,
Described computer control system comprises computer (400) and frequency meter (401), its frequency is inputed to computer (400) by the road that the optical splitter (302) that frequency meter (401) meets 1:2 outputs signal and rubidium clock (308), computer (400) also receives the output of proportional integrator (306) by data collecting card (402), computer (400) by judge proportional integrator (306) output optical delay line (205) is controlled, realize the long increase of described erbium-doped fiber laser chamber or reduction, compensate the long-term wide fluctuations of Output of laser repetition rate.
2. there is the Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser of wide repetition rate tuning range according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the laser coupled that pumping source (1) sends by described wavelength division multiplexer (200) is in loop laser chamber, erbium-doped fiber (201) and optical isolator (203) ensure that light moves along a single direction, and semiconductor saturable absorber (204) utilizes and realizes self-starting to the nonlinear filtering wave effect of light intensity.
3. there is the Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser of wide repetition rate tuning range according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described nonlinear polarization rotation device is by the quarter wave plate be successively set in light path (206), the one 1/2 wave plate (207), polarization splitting prism (208) and the 2 1/2 wave plate (209), find optimum polarization state by rotating wave plate thus realize locked mode, mode-locked laser is exported with spatial light by polarization splitting prism (208).
4. have the Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser of wide repetition rate tuning range according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described erbium-doped fiber (201) is wound in ring.
5. there is the Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser of wide repetition rate tuning range according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, repetition rate locking is carried out on the road that the optical splitter (302) that described frequency meter (401) meets 1:2 outputs signal, another road that the optical splitter (302) of 1:2 outputs signal is connected to band pass filter (303), frequency signal outside repetition rate to be locked filters by band pass filter (303), reduces Noise and Interference.
6. there is the Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser of wide repetition rate tuning range according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the frequency setting of described local oscillator (309) is all consistent with repetition rate to be locked with the frequency setting of rubidium clock (308).
7. there is the Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser of wide repetition rate tuning range according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the chamber that described high-voltage signal controls piezoelectric ceramic (202) change erbium-doped fiber laser as feedback signal is long, until the error signal exported is 0.
8. there is the Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser of wide repetition rate tuning range according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, excursion has been exceeded when repetition rate changes, data collecting card (402) continuous collecting error signal gives computer, by error signal, computer (400) judges repetition rate changes whether exceed control range, if exceed, then control both optical delay line (205), it is made progressively to move, often move after moving a step and error signal is judged, until error signal is 0, make optical delay line (205) stop motion, namely the suppression to the long-term wide fluctuations of repetition rate is reached.
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