CN104636260A - Data management method and system for charging services - Google Patents

Data management method and system for charging services Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104636260A
CN104636260A CN201310544229.7A CN201310544229A CN104636260A CN 104636260 A CN104636260 A CN 104636260A CN 201310544229 A CN201310544229 A CN 201310544229A CN 104636260 A CN104636260 A CN 104636260A
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data
physical memory
shared physical
memory
call charge
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CN104636260B (en
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廖红权
孙莉莉
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Shenzhen Fengjing Zhilian Technology Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Fengjing Zhilian Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a data management method and system for charging services. The method includes the steps that a shared physical memory expressed through a memory address is created and the memory address is directly mapped to virtual address space of multiple courses; basic data and calculating data, corresponding to the courses, in a memory database are loaded into the shared physical memory, wherein the calculating data are acquired by processing the basic data through a pricing application or a favorable application of the charging services.

Description

A kind of data managing method for call charge service and system
Technical field
The present invention relates to data processing field, particularly relate to a kind of data managing method for call charge service and system.
Background technology
Memory database is for traditional magnetic disk relevant database (as Oracle, SQLServer).Traditional database uses disk to ensure the lasting storage of data, and memory database is by data memory-resident, and the access of all affairs/data only relates to internal memory.Therefore memory database is relative to traditional relevant database, can reach higher performance, better real-time.
Call charge service backstage comprises the application such as collection, wholesale price, preferential, daily rental, monthly rent and letter control, process corresponding to these business often needs to carry out interaction process with memory database in the process of implementation, its data of paying reach G level, many data of process are all stored in memory database, to realize fast throughput.In memory database, the data handled by each process are separate, and each process independently uses one section of internal memory, need larger memory headroom.And process, when performing respective operation, needs constantly repeatedly access memory database, cause larger operation burden to processor.In addition, to a certain extent data-handling efficiency is reduced to a large amount of repeated accesses of memory database.Therefore, for one process memory database and be not suitable for that this data volume of call charge service is comparatively large, process is more and the data system of complex operation.
Summary of the invention
Embodiment of the present invention technical matters to be solved is, lower for the data-handling efficiency of call charge service in prior art, need larger memory headroom and heavier defect born by processor, a kind of data managing method for call charge service and system are provided, data-handling efficiency can be improved, save memory headroom, and the burden of processor can be alleviated.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, embodiments provide a kind of data managing method for call charge service, comprising:
Create the shared physical memory represented by a memory address, and described memory address is mapped directly in the virtual address space of multiple process;
By master data corresponding with described multiple process in memory database with calculates Data import extremely in described shared physical memory, wherein, described calculating data are the data obtained after utilizing the application of the wholesale price of described call charge service or preferential application to process master data.
Wherein, described method also comprises:
In real time the change of described master data is updated in disk;
Periodically the change of the master data in described disk is synchronized in described shared physical memory.
Wherein, described method also comprises:
After wholesale price application and/or preferential application perform, by produced calculating Data Update to described shared physical memory;
Periodically by described calculating data backup in disk.
Wherein, described method also comprises:
When occurring abnormal, re-creating one can for the shared physical memory of described multiple process access;
By the master data that backs up in disk with calculate in Data import to described shared physical memory.
Wherein, described method also comprises:
Obtain the connection of the shared physical memory with appointment in process after, the operation described appointment of access being shared to physical memory locks;
Process master data in described shared physical memory in process and after calculating data, the operation of the described shared physical memory of access unlocked.
Correspondingly, present invention also offers a kind of data management system for call charge service, comprising:
Sharing physical memory generation module, for creating the shared physical memory represented by a memory address, and described memory address being mapped directly in the virtual address space of multiple process;
Load-on module, for by master data corresponding with described multiple process in memory database with calculates Data import extremely in described shared physical memory, wherein, described calculating data are the data obtained after utilizing the application of the wholesale price of described call charge service or preferential application to process master data.
Wherein, described system also comprises:
Master data update module, for being updated in disk by the change of described master data in real time;
Incremental update module, for being periodically synchronized to the change of the master data in described disk in described shared physical memory.
Wherein, described system also comprises:
Calculate data update module, for after wholesale price application and/or preferential application perform, by produced calculating Data Update to described shared physical memory;
Calculate data simultaneous module, for periodically by described calculating data backup in disk.
Wherein, described system also comprises:
Abnormal restoring module; for when occurring abnormal; control described shared physical memory generation module re-create one can for the shared physical memory of described multiple process access, and control described update module by the master data backed up in disk with calculate in Data import to described shared physical memory.
Wherein, described system also comprises:
Semaphore adds lock module, and for after the connection of physical memory is shared in process acquisition and appointment, the operation described appointment of access being shared to physical memory locks;
Semaphore unlocked state, for processing master data in described shared physical memory and after calculating data, unlocking the operation of the described shared physical memory of access in process.
Implement the embodiment of the present invention, there is following beneficial effect: by creating shared physical memory, and multiple process of call charge service and this shared physical memory are mapped, multiple process sharing result data such as storehouse table data and calculating data such as master datas can be realized, enhance the systematicness of data management in call charge service, improve the data-handling efficiency of call charge service, save memory headroom, and alleviate the operation burden of processor when executive process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the data managing method for call charge service that first embodiment of the invention provides;
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic that physical memory is shared in multi-process;
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of the increment updating method of the master data that one embodiment of the invention provides;
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of the data managing method for call charge service that second embodiment of the invention provides;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the data management system for call charge service that one embodiment of the present invention provides.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
In call charge service, adopt data buffer storage to the storehouse table of each process, between the table of multiple storehouses, coupling is stronger, unified definition structure form can carry out internal memory sharing application.The data message being loaded into shared physical memory mainly contains: subscriber data, account data, charging order data, wholesale price Rule Information, preferential rule information, day bill information, letter control Rule Information, progressive schedule information, in real time bill information etc.
Refer to Fig. 1, be the data managing method for call charge service that first embodiment of the invention provides, the method comprises:
S101, create the shared physical memory represented by a memory address, and described memory address is mapped directly in the virtual address space of multiple process.Shared physical memory is by IPC(Inter-process communication, interprocess communication) create by the process and appear at the special address sequence of in the address space of this process one section, same shared physical memory section can be associated with in themselves address space by other process, make all processes can access this section of memory address, just distributed by malloc as this section of internal memory.If physical memory is shared in a process write, these change can be just other process findings of the identical shared physical memory of access immediately.Can map multiple shared physical memory in the virtual address space of a process, each shared physical memory has oneself name (i.e. key word key).Under Unix system, shmget () function can be adopted create or obtain a shared physical memory, shmctl () function can be adopted realize the control to shared physical memory.As shown in Figure 2, the display of each arrow is the mapping of virtual address space to available shared physical memory of each process.Under Unix system, shmat () function can be adopted to map shared physical memory, shmdt () function can be adopted cancel the mapping to shared physical memory.
S102, by master data corresponding with described multiple process in memory database with calculate Data import in described shared physical memory, wherein, described calculating data are the data obtained after utilizing the application of the wholesale price of described call charge service or preferential application to process master data.Described master data comprises subscriber data, data is ordered in account data, charging, wholesale price Rule Information, preferential rule information, day bill information, letter control Rule Information etc., described calculating data comprise progressive schedule information, in real time bill information etc.Calculating data is the data obtained after utilizing the application of the wholesale price of described call charge service or preferential application to process master data.Preferably, in shared physical memory, hash hash data version can be adopted to store data, be convenient to carry out more fast to inquire about, increase newly, revise, the operation such as deletion.
The data managing method for call charge service that the embodiment of the present invention provides, by creating shared physical memory, and multiple process of call charge service and this shared physical memory are mapped, multiple process sharing result data such as storehouse table data and calculating data such as master datas can be realized, enhance the systematicness of data management in call charge service, improve the data-handling efficiency of call charge service, save memory headroom, and alleviate the operation burden of processor when executive process.
In an embodiment of the present invention, because shared physical memory is shared by multiple process, access shared physical memory in order to avoid multiple process simultaneously thus cause data inconsistent, needing to arrange exclusive reference mechanism.Semaphore is a kind of inter-process communication mechanisms in Unix operating system, and it is a counter, for the access of multi-process to sharing data objects.Semaphore is the technology of a kind of common inter process synchronization in Unix operating system, in the present invention, can apply semaphore and realize sharing the synchronous of physical memory to multi-process access.Particularly, this exclusive reference mechanism comprises: obtain the connection of the shared physical memory with appointment in process after, and the operation described appointment of access being shared to physical memory locks; Process master data in described shared physical memory in process and after calculating data, the operation of the described shared physical memory of access unlocked.Particularly, semaphore can be utilized to realize locking and unlocking operation.Such as, each lock can realize with two semaphores, and one of them semaphore record is current enterablely reads process number, i.e. read signal amount, and another semaphore record is current enterablely writes into number of passes, i.e. write signal amount.If accessing operation is read operation, first judge whether write signal amount is greater than 0, if be greater than 0, then make read operation enter waiting status; If be less than 0, then carry out read operation after read signal amount being subtracted 1, and after completing read operation, read signal amount is added 1.If accessing operation is write operation, first write signal amount is added and to judge that whether read signal amount is maximumly read process number after 1, if so, then carry out write operation, and after the write operation is completed write signal amount is subtracted 1; If not, then write operation is made to enter waiting status.
In call charge service, when master data changes, usually in real time the change of master data is updated in the increment list of disk, because process is not high to the requirement of real-time of master data, in an embodiment of the present invention, can termly the change of the master data in increment list be synchronized in shared physical memory.The increment updating method of master data is described below with reference to Fig. 3.
As shown in Figure 3, the increment updating method of master data comprises:
S301, judge that whether incremental update timer is overtime.Usually, incremental update timer can be pre-set, carry out incremental update when timer expiry.
If the judged result of step S301 is no, then this method flow process terminates.
If the judged result of step S301 is yes, then perform step S302.The connection of physical memory is shared in S302, acquisition and appointment.
S303, semaphore lock, and namely utilize semaphore to specify the operation sharing physical memory to lock to access.
S304, step increment method increment list data be updated in shared physical memory, namely load the change of the master data in disk increment list and the change of loaded master data be synchronized to specify and share in physical memory.
S305, semaphore unlock, and namely utilize semaphore to specify the operation sharing physical memory to unlock to access.
The connection of physical memory is shared in S306, disconnection and appointment.This method flow process terminates.
By this periodically incremental update, the data consistent of shared physical memory and disk can be kept, simultaneously owing to not needing to carry out renewal rewards theory in real time, operation burden can be alleviated.And after the master data of first time loading of databases table, follow-up judges which master data changes, only the data message changed is synchronized in shared physical memory, can data processing amount be reduced, improve data processing speed.
Different from master data, process is higher to the requirement of real-time calculating data.Therefore, after wholesale price application and/or preferential application perform, produced calculating data are updated in shared physical memory in real time, in addition, only need periodically by produced calculating data backup in disk.Particularly, calculating data backup is comprised to the step in disk: calculate data file (such as class account data file and benefit data file) according to calculating data genaration; To calculate in data file write disk by entering library.By the real-time update to calculating data, can so that letter control functional module quick calling calculates data carry out letter control.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, this method also comprises: when occurring abnormal, and re-creating one can for the shared physical memory of described multiple process access; By the master data that backs up in disk with calculate in Data import to described shared physical memory.Particularly, when reloading calculating data, need to judge whether the calculating data file produced after wholesale price application and preferential application perform has been passed through to complete warehouse-in into library all, if which calculates data file and does not complete warehouse-in, corresponding calculating data can not be loaded into corresponding sharing in physical memory, and it is accurate to ensure shared physical memory date restoring.
Refer to Fig. 4, be the data managing method for call charge service that second embodiment of the invention provides, the method comprises:
S401, create corresponding shared physical memory according to the key value of specifying.Wherein, key value manually can be set by designer, also automatically can be generated by system.
S402, create corresponding semaphore according to the key value of specifying.
The connection of physical memory is shared in S403, acquisition and appointment.
S404, semaphore lock.
S405, loading master data are in shared physical memory.
S406, semaphore unlock.
S407, judge whether the calculating data file produced after class account and the application such as preferential perform puts in storage completely.If the judged result of step S407 is no, then repeat S407.If the judged result of step S407 is yes, then perform step S408.
S408, semaphore lock.
S409, loading calculation data are in shared physical memory.
S410, semaphore unlock.
The connection between physical memory is shared in S411, disconnection and appointment.
The data message that S412, Timing Processing are shared between physical memory with disk is synchronous, mainly comprises timed increase and upgrades master data to sharing physical memory.
The shared physical memory that S413, release specify key value corresponding, namely deletes the shared physical memory of specifying.
The semaphore that S414, deletion specify key value corresponding.
In other embodiments of the invention, can also comprise: the data in shared physical memory inquired about, increases newly, revise, the operation such as deletion.Particularly:
Such as, can comprise the newly-increased operation of data: obtained the shared physical memory of specifying by GetShm () function; Obtained by AttachShm () function and specify the connection sharing physical memory; Utilize SemP () function to realize semaphore to lock; Data message to be updated is write the disk file backup of specifying; Update () function is utilized to realize the renewal of specific data in shared physical memory; Utilize SemV () function to realize semaphore to unlock; Realize disconnecting the connection to shared physical memory by DetachShm () function.
In other embodiments of the invention, described data managing method can also comprise: the audit memory customizing messages order receiving manually input, and is outputted in destination file by Query Result.
The interface function relevant to the data management of shared physical memory sees the following form 1.
Table 1
The interface function relevant to exclusive reference mechanism (i.e. semaphore synchronization mechanism) sees the following form 2.
Table 2
Numbering Function name Prototype Function
1 CreateSem bool CreateSem(key_t Key,size_t Size) Create semaphore
2 InitSem bool InitSem(void) Initializing signal amount
3 FreeSem bool FreeSem(void) Release semaphore
4 CtrlSem bool CtrlSem(int cmd) Accessing operation semaphore
5 SemP SemP(void) Semaphore P operates
6 SemV void SemV(void) Semaphore V operation
Refer to Fig. 5, be the data management system 500 for call charge service that first embodiment of the invention provides, this system 500 comprises:
Sharing physical memory generation module 510, for creating the shared physical memory represented by a memory address, and described memory address being mapped directly in the virtual address space of multiple process.Shared physical memory is by IPC(Inter-process communication, interprocess communication) create by the process and appear at the special address sequence of in the address space of this process one section, same shared physical memory section can be associated with in themselves address space by other process, make all processes can access this section of memory address, just distributed by malloc as this section of internal memory.If physical memory is shared in a process write, these change can be just other process findings of the identical shared physical memory of access immediately.Under Unix system, shmget () function can be adopted create or obtain a shared physical memory, shmctl () function can be adopted realize the control to shared physical memory.As shown in Figure 2, the display of each arrow is the mapping of virtual address space to available shared physical memory of each process.Under Unix system, shmat () function can be adopted to map shared physical memory, shmdt () function can be adopted cancel the mapping to shared physical memory.
Load-on module 520, for by master data corresponding with described multiple process in memory database with calculates Data import extremely in described shared physical memory, wherein, described calculating data are the data obtained after utilizing the application of the wholesale price of described call charge service or preferential application to process master data.Described master data comprises subscriber data, data is ordered in account data, charging, wholesale price Rule Information, preferential rule information, day bill information, letter control Rule Information etc., described calculating data comprise progressive schedule information, in real time bill information etc.Calculating data is the data obtained after utilizing the application of the wholesale price of described call charge service or preferential application to process master data.Preferably, in shared physical memory, hash hash data version can be adopted to store data, be convenient to carry out more fast to inquire about, increase newly, revise, the operation such as deletion.
The data management system for call charge service that the embodiment of the present invention provides, by creating shared physical memory, and multiple process of call charge service and this shared physical memory are mapped, multiple process sharing result data such as storehouse table data and calculating data such as master datas can be realized, enhance the systematicness of data management in call charge service, improve the data-handling efficiency of call charge service, save memory headroom, and alleviate the operation burden of processor when executive process.
In an embodiment of the present invention, because shared physical memory is shared by multiple process, access shared physical memory in order to avoid multiple process simultaneously thus cause data inconsistent, needing to arrange exclusive reference mechanism.Semaphore is a kind of inter-process communication mechanisms in Unix operating system, and it is a counter, for the access of multi-process to sharing data objects.Semaphore is the technology of a kind of common inter process synchronization in Unix operating system, in the present invention, can apply semaphore and realize sharing the synchronous of physical memory to multi-process access.Particularly, system 500 can also comprise: semaphore adds lock module, and for after the connection of physical memory is shared in process acquisition and appointment, the operation described appointment of access being shared to physical memory locks; Semaphore unlocked state, for processing master data in described shared physical memory and after calculating data, unlocking the operation of the described shared physical memory of access in process.Particularly, semaphore can be utilized to realize locking and unlocking operation.Such as, each lock can realize with two semaphores, and one of them semaphore record is current enterablely reads process number, i.e. read signal amount, and another semaphore record is current enterablely writes into number of passes, i.e. write signal amount.If accessing operation is read operation, first judge whether write signal amount is greater than 0, if be greater than 0, then make read operation enter waiting status; If be less than 0, then carry out read operation after read signal amount being subtracted 1, and after completing read operation, read signal amount is added 1.If accessing operation is write operation, first write signal amount is added and to judge that whether read signal amount is maximumly read process number after 1, if so, then carry out write operation, and after the write operation is completed write signal amount is subtracted 1; If not, then write operation is made to enter waiting status.
In data management system 500, master data update module and incremental update module can also be comprised.Wherein, master data update module is used for when master data changes, and the change of master data is updated in the increment list of disk in real time.But because process is not high to the requirement of real-time of master data, in an embodiment of the present invention, incremental update module is used for the change of the master data in increment list being synchronized in shared physical memory termly.By this periodically incremental update, the data consistent of shared physical memory and disk can be kept, simultaneously owing to not needing to carry out renewal rewards theory in real time, operation burden can be alleviated.And after the master data of first time loading of databases table, follow-up judges which master data changes, only the data message changed is synchronized in shared physical memory, can data processing amount be reduced, improve data processing speed.
Different from master data, process is higher to the requirement of real-time calculating data.Therefore, after wholesale price application and/or preferential application perform, produced calculating data are updated in shared physical memory in real time, in addition, only need periodically by produced calculating data backup in disk.Particularly, data management system 500 can also comprise: calculate data update module, for after wholesale price application and/or preferential application perform, by produced calculating Data Update to described shared physical memory; Calculate data simultaneous module, for periodically by described calculating data backup in disk.Particularly, calculate data simultaneous module to be used for: calculate data file (such as class account data file and benefit data file) according to calculating data genaration; To calculate in data file write disk by entering library.By the real-time update to calculating data, can so that letter control functional module quick calling calculates data carry out letter control.
To the master data in shared physical memory and calculate data upgrade time, need semaphore to add lock module and semaphore unlocked state and unlocking operation added to operation execution.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention; data management system also comprises: abnormal restoring module; for when occurring abnormal; control described shared physical memory generation module 510 re-create one can for the shared physical memory of described multiple process access, and control described update module 520 by the master data backed up in disk with calculate in Data import to described shared physical memory.Particularly, update module 520 is when reloading calculating data, need to judge whether the calculating data file produced after wholesale price application and preferential application perform has been passed through to complete warehouse-in into library all, if which calculates data file and does not complete warehouse-in, corresponding calculating data can not be loaded into corresponding sharing in physical memory, and it is accurate to ensure shared physical memory date restoring.
The data managing method that the embodiment of the present invention provides and system, by creating shared physical memory and managing data based on shared physical memory, the message exchange allowing multiple process to share same physical memory space to come between implementation process, be characterized in there is no intermediate link, directly the memory pages shared is passed through attachment, be mapped in the process that intercoms mutually virtual address space separately, thus make multiple process directly can access the same physical memory page, as oneself private room of access (but be not in fact privately owned but share).Therefore this interprocess communication mode is the method the most efficiently realizing communication between each process in same computer system.Provide all process direct read/write information, need not copy, thus conveniently interprocess communication mode, be applicable to contain much information and the occasion of frequent operation, be particularly useful for call charge service.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of flow process realized in above-described embodiment method, that the hardware that can carry out instruction relevant by computer program has come, described program can be stored in a computer read/write memory medium, this program, when performing, can comprise the flow process of the embodiment as above-mentioned each side method.Wherein, described storage medium can be magnetic disc, CD, read-only store-memory body (Read-Only Memory, ROM) or random store-memory body (Random Access Memory, RAM) etc.
Above disclosedly be only a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, certainly the interest field of the present invention can not be limited with this, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of flow process realizing above-described embodiment, and according to the equivalent variations that the claims in the present invention are done, still belong to the scope that invention is contained.

Claims (10)

1. for a data managing method for call charge service, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Create the shared physical memory represented by a memory address, and described memory address is mapped directly in the virtual address space of multiple process;
By master data corresponding with described multiple process in memory database with calculates Data import extremely in described shared physical memory, wherein, described calculating data are the data obtained after utilizing the application of the wholesale price of described call charge service or preferential application to process master data.
2., as claimed in claim 1 for the data managing method of call charge service, it is characterized in that, described method also comprises:
In real time the change of described master data is updated in disk;
Periodically the change of the master data in described disk is synchronized in described shared physical memory.
3., as claimed in claim 2 for the data managing method of call charge service, it is characterized in that, described method also comprises:
After wholesale price application and/or preferential application perform, by produced calculating Data Update to described shared physical memory;
Periodically by described calculating data backup in disk.
4., as claimed in claim 3 for the data managing method of call charge service, it is characterized in that, described method also comprises:
When occurring abnormal, re-creating one can for the shared physical memory of described multiple process access;
By the master data that backs up in disk with calculate in Data import to described shared physical memory.
5., as claimed in claim 1 for the data managing method of call charge service, it is characterized in that, described method also comprises:
Obtain the connection of the shared physical memory with appointment in process after, the operation described appointment of access being shared to physical memory locks;
Process master data in described shared physical memory in process and after calculating data, the operation of the described shared physical memory of access unlocked.
6. for a data management system for call charge service, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Sharing physical memory generation module, for creating the shared physical memory represented by a memory address, and described memory address being mapped directly in the virtual address space of multiple process;
Load-on module, for by master data corresponding with described multiple process in memory database with calculates Data import extremely in described shared physical memory, wherein, described calculating data are the data obtained after utilizing the application of the wholesale price of described call charge service or preferential application to process master data.
7., as claimed in claim 6 for the data management system of call charge service, it is characterized in that, described system also comprises:
Master data update module, for being updated in disk by the change of described master data in real time;
Incremental update module, for being periodically synchronized to the change of the master data in described disk in described shared physical memory.
8., as claimed in claim 7 for the data management system of call charge service, it is characterized in that, described system also comprises:
Calculate data update module, for after wholesale price application and/or preferential application perform, by produced calculating Data Update to described shared physical memory;
Calculate data simultaneous module, for periodically by described calculating data backup in disk.
9., as claimed in claim 8 for the data management system of call charge service, it is characterized in that, described system also comprises:
Abnormal restoring module; for when occurring abnormal; control described shared physical memory generation module re-create one can for the shared physical memory of described multiple process access, and control described update module by the master data backed up in disk with calculate in Data import to described shared physical memory.
10., as claimed in claim 6 for the data management system of call charge service, it is characterized in that, described system also comprises:
Semaphore adds lock module, and for after the connection of physical memory is shared in process acquisition and appointment, the operation described appointment of access being shared to physical memory locks;
Semaphore unlocked state, for processing master data in described shared physical memory and after calculating data, unlocking the operation of the described shared physical memory of access in process.
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