CN104634848A - Nitrite electrochemical sensor and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Nitrite electrochemical sensor and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104634848A
CN104634848A CN201510046069.2A CN201510046069A CN104634848A CN 104634848 A CN104634848 A CN 104634848A CN 201510046069 A CN201510046069 A CN 201510046069A CN 104634848 A CN104634848 A CN 104634848A
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electrode
nitrite
graphene oxide
electrochemical sensor
working electrode
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郭希山
简锦明
周晨楠
徐赟进
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

The invention discloses a nitrite electrochemical sensor and a manufacturing method thereof. The nitrite electrochemical sensor is used for detecting the concentration of nitrite in a to-be-detected solution and comprises a substrate, wherein an auxiliary electrode, a working electrode, a reference electrode and leads and binding posts of the various electrodes are printed on the substrate by virtue of a silk-screen printing technology; the auxiliary electrode and the working electrode are subjected to carbon paste printing, while the reference electrode, the leads and the binding posts are subjected to silver/silver chloride paste printing; reduced graphene oxide is also deposited on the surface of the working electrode by virtue of an electrochemical graphene oxide reduction method, and a layer of Nafion is dispensed on the upper surface of the reduced graphene oxide. The sensor disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high sensitivity, short response time, good repeatability, low cost, disposability and the like, and has a good application potential in the aspect of on-site rapid detection of the content of nitrite in a to-be-detected sample.

Description

A kind of nitrite electrochemical sensor and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of electrochemistry, particularly relate to a kind of nitrite electrochemical sensor and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Nitrite is present in occurring in nature widely as environmental contaminants, especially in surface water and groundwater and in animal and plant body with in food.When content of nitrite runs up to finite concentration, damaging effect can be produced to human body and animal, as hemoglobin oxygen in human body can be turned to methemoglobin by nitrite, and methemoglobin can not delivering oxygen to whole body; For another example breeding water body nitrite concentration is more than after 0.1mg/L, can cause that aquatic animal food ration reduces, autoimmunity declines, and then easily pathogenic infection and fulminant disease.
Therefore the quick detection for nitrite just seems particularly important, and traditional nitrous nitrification method mainly comprises spectrophotometric method, fluorescence method and chromatography etc.Often there is complex operation, time-consuming effort, use the shortcomings such as instrument complexity in these methods.In recent years, electrochemical sensor as a kind of fast, cheap, sensitive detection technique obtains and pays close attention to widely.Wherein screen printing electrode has the electrochemical properties similar with carbon paste electrode because of it, also have the advantage of other solid state electrodes (as glass-carbon electrode etc.) concurrently, solid state electrode can be avoided to measure easy generating electrodes envenomation and the drawback such as with high costs for a long time simultaneously, be a kind of electrochemical sensor electrodes having very much industrialization prospect, such as, be used for preparing the screen printing electrode sensor measuring diabetes blood glucose's concentration.
But there is no nitrite detecting sensor product in the market, develop that a detection is quick, cheap, the nitrite sensor of performance sensitive becomes the task of top priority with the deficiency solving traditional nitrite detection technique.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of nitrite electrochemical sensor and preparation method thereof, with the problem such as solve traditional nitrite detection technique complex operation, time-consuming effort, use instrument complicated, and solid state electrode such as glass-carbon electrode is used to carry out measuring that the electrode surface produced poisons, the drawback such as with high costs for a long time.
To achieve these goals, technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of nitrite electrochemical sensor, for detecting the concentration of the nitrite in solution to be measured, described nitrite electrochemical sensor comprises substrate, silk-screen printing technique is adopted to be printed with auxiliary electrode on the substrate, working electrode, contrast electrode, and the lead-in wire of each electrode and binding post, described auxiliary electrode, working electrode adopts the printing of carbon slurry, described contrast electrode, lead-in wire and binding post adopt silver/silver chloride slurry printing, the upper substrate layer surface printing electrode, except auxiliary electrode, working electrode, printed ink insulation course outside contrast electrode and binding post, described working electrode surface also deposits reductibility graphene oxide by electrochemical reduction oxidation Graphene method, and on reductibility graphene oxide, drip painting one deck Nafion.
The reductibility graphene oxide that described working electrode surface deposits, the electrochemical reduction oxidation Graphene method adopted is cyclic voltammetry, get 70 ~ 90 μ L and carry out cyclic voltammetry scan containing the phosphate mixed liquor of 1mg/mL graphene oxide, scanning voltage is-1.4 ~ 0V, sweep speed 10 ~ 100mV/s, scanning 5 ~ 15 circle.
The invention allows for a kind of nitrite electrochemical sensor preparation method, for the preparation of nitrite electrochemical sensor as claimed in claim 1, comprise step:
Adopt silk-screen printing technique, substrate prints lead-in wire, binding post and contrast electrode; Substrate is printed working electrode and auxiliary electrode; The upper substrate layer surface printing electrode, printed ink insulation course except auxiliary electrode, working electrode, contrast electrode and binding post;
By electrochemical reduction oxidation Graphene method deposition reductibility graphene oxide on working electrode surface;
Drip on reductibility graphene oxide and be coated with one deck Nafion.
Further, it is characterized in that, described lead-in wire, binding post and contrast electrode adopt silver/silver chloride slurry to print on substrate, and described working electrode and auxiliary electrode adopt carbon slurry to print on substrate.
Wherein, described electrochemical reduction oxidation Graphene method, comprises step:
Take a certain amount of graphene oxide, add to the Na of 0.05M concentration 2hPO 4/ NaH 2p0 4damping fluid, forms the phosphate mixed liquor of 1mg/mL graphene oxide;
Again by ultrasonic for mixed liquor process 25 ~ 40 minutes, obtain the solution of stable uniform;
Then pipette 70 ~ 90 μ L with pipettor and carry out cyclic voltammetry scan containing the phosphate mixed liquor of 1mg/mL graphene oxide, scanning voltage be-1.4 ~ 0V, sweeps speed 10 ~ 100mV/s, and scanning 5 ~ 10 is enclosed.
Further, described dripping on reductibility graphene oxide is coated with one deck Nafion, comprises step:
The Nafion solution absolute ethyl alcohol of 10% mass concentration is diluted to 1 ~ 5%, gets 2 ~ 6 μ LNafion dissolution homogeneity and drip and be coated in above screen printing work electrode reductibility graphene oxide, naturally dry under room temperature.
Further, substrate is printed lead-in wire, binding post and contrast electrode, print on substrate working electrode and auxiliary electrode, the upper substrate layer surface printed ink insulation course printing electrode, on working electrode surface, deposit reductibility graphene oxide step after, also comprise step:
Be cured process respectively, the curing mode adopted is normal temperature cure, is heating and curing or UV-irradiation.
A kind of nitrite electrochemical sensor that the present invention proposes and preparation method thereof, make use of novel nano-material reductibility graphene oxide and there is the performance such as extra specific surface area, excellent electron transport rate, nitrite-oxidizing current potential can be reduced, improve detection sensitivity and antijamming capability.Because this sensor adopts screen printing electrode preparation, with low cost, can discard after measurement tens times, overcome drawbacks such as adopting the continuous coverage of the solid state electrode such as glass-carbon electrode, carbon paste electrode easily to cause electrode surface to poison, with high costs, in measuring samples nitrite field quick detection, there are applications well potentiality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of nitrite electrochemical sensor of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is nitrite electrochemical sensor preparation process process flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the current-responsive curve map of nitrite electrochemical sensor to variable concentrations nitrite;
Fig. 4 is the current-responsive peak linear graph of a relation of nitrite electrochemical sensor to variable concentrations nitrite;
Fig. 5 is that disturbance ion and chaff interference affect test result figure to nitrite electrochemical sensor.
Embodiment
Be described in further details technical solution of the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, following examples do not form limitation of the invention.
The present embodiment nitrite electrochemical sensor adopts screen printing electrode as shown in Figure 1, comprise substrate, substrate is printed with auxiliary electrode 1, working electrode 2 and contrast electrode 3 and connecting lead wire 4 and binding post 5, the wherein corresponding middle circle of working electrode 2, starch printing by carbon to make, diameter of a circle is 3 ~ 6mm; The semicircle on the corresponding left side of auxiliary electrode 1, starches printing by carbon and makes; Contrast electrode 3 (Ag/AgCl electrode), lead-in wire 4 and binding post 5 are starched printing by silver/silver chloride and are made, the semicircle on the corresponding the right of contrast electrode 3, to downward-extension is lead-in wire 4, and the end below lead-in wire 4 is binding post 5, is convenient to connect three-electrode electro Chemical instrument system and detects.
The substrate of the present embodiment adopts substrate material conventional in the preparation such as the thick membrane electrode that comprises high molecular polymer, plastics, pottery, adopts PET or PVC material to make in the present embodiment.
The method for making of the present embodiment nitrite electrochemical sensor as shown in Figure 2, comprises the steps:
S1, employing silk-screen printing technique, substrate prints lead-in wire, binding post and contrast electrode.
The present embodiment adopts silk-screen printing technique, silk-screen printing technique is a kind of commercial run of maturation, convenient for production, be beneficial to batch production, made sensor discrete is little, and cost compare is low, the sensor made can be abandoned after measurement tens times, overcomes that solid state electrode continuous coverages such as adopting glass-carbon electrode easily causes electrode surface to poison, the drawback such as with high costs.Substrate is first cleaned post-drying by the present embodiment, then adopts silver/silver chloride slurry printed leads, binding post and contrast electrode, has good electric conductivity.
After per pass prints operation, all need to be cured process to substrate.Solidification process can adopt normal temperature cure, be heating and curing or any one in the conventional curing mode such as ultraviolet radiation-curable.
S2, employing silk-screen printing technique, substrate continues print working electrode and auxiliary electrode.
The working electrode of the present embodiment and auxiliary electrode adopt the printing of carbon slurry, and are cured process after printing.
S3, the upper substrate layer surface printing electrode, printed ink insulation course except auxiliary electrode, working electrode, contrast electrode and binding post.
By printed ink insulation course, and by exposed to auxiliary electrode 1, working electrode 2, contrast electrode 3 and binding post 5 outside ink insulation course, and be cured process after printing.By outside exposed to auxiliary electrode 1, working electrode 2, contrast electrode 3 and binding post 5, conveniently follow-uply on working electrode 2, deposit reductibility graphene oxide, in follow-up detection, also need three electrode zones to contact with solution to be detected, and binding post 5 need to be connected with three-electrode electro Chemical instrument system simultaneously.And ink insulation course is as insulation course, the interference between electrode can be prevented, improve detection sensitivity and antijamming capability, nitrite can be realized more exactly and detect.
S4, on working electrode surface by electrochemical reduction oxidation Graphene method deposition reductibility graphene oxide, and drip on reductibility graphene oxide and be coated with one deck Nafion.
In the present embodiment, electrochemical reduction oxidation Graphene method adopts cyclic voltammetry.Scanning voltage scope-1.4 ~ 0V of cyclic voltammetry, sweep speed 10 ~ 100mV/s in the present embodiment, the scanning number of turns 5 ~ 15 is enclosed.Concrete step is as follows:
Take a certain amount of graphene oxide (GO), add to the Na of 0.05M concentration 2hPO 4/ NaH 2p0 4damping fluid (pH 8.5 ~ 9.5), forms the phosphate mixed liquor (GO-PB) of 1mg/mL graphene oxide;
Again by ultrasonic for mixed liquor process 25-40 minute, obtain the solution of stable uniform;
Then pipette 70 ~ 90 μ L with pipettor and carry out cyclic voltammetry scan containing the GO-PB solution of 1mg/mL graphene oxide, preferably get the GO-PB solution of 80 μ L containing 1mg/mL graphene oxide, scanning voltage scope is-1.4 ~ 0V, sweeps speed 10 ~ 100mV/s, scanning 5 ~ 15 circle.
After the end of scan, electrode surface is rinsed gently with ultrapure water, by air blow drying, 10% (mass concentration) Nafion solution absolute ethyl alcohol is diluted to 1 ~ 5%, get 2 ~ 6 μ L Nafion dissolution homogeneity to drip and be coated in above working electrode surface reductibility graphene oxide, naturally dry under room temperature, the screen printing electrode that reductibility graphene oxide (rGO) is modified has been prepared thus.Nafion is fluorocarbon polymer.
After the nitrite electrochemical sensor of the present embodiment completes, by the nitrite solution of configuration standard concentration, demarcate the nitrite electrochemical sensor made, concrete scaling method comprises the steps:
F1, get NaNO 2be dissolved into damping fluid (0.2M NaH 2p0 4, 0.1M NaCl) and middle preparation standard nitrite solution, totally 9 concentration gradients, comprise 1,2,5,10,25,50,100,500 and 1000 μM;
F2, respectively get the standard nitrite solution of 80 μ L, drop to nitrite electrochemical sensor three electrode zone, differential pulse method is adopted to detect, the result that record detects, forms nitrite electrochemical sensor and the current-responsive curve of variable concentrations nitrite and the linear relationship of current peak.
The differential pulse method design parameter of the present embodiment is as follows: scanning voltage scope: 0.3 ~ 1.0V, step potential: 0.005V, pulse height: 0.25V, pulse width: 0.05s, interval time: 0.50s.
After demarcating, obtain the linear relationship of the current-responsive curve of the present embodiment nitrite electrochemical sensor and variable concentrations nitrite and current peak as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.
In addition, we have also investigated the interference free performance of nitrite electrochemical sensor.Concrete grammar is as follows: to contain 50 μMs of NaNO 2solution, as tested object, adds the Common Cations (NH being equivalent to its 500 times of concentration wherein respectively 4 +, K +), the Common Anions (NO of 500 times of concentration 3 -, SO 4 2-), common metal ion (100ppb Pb in water body 2+, 300ppb Cu 2+, 200ppb Ni 2+, 200ppbZn 2+) and the urea of 500 times of concentration.
Detection method is consistent with nitrite titer detection method, pipette 80 μ L mixed liquors, drop to nitrite electrochemical sensor three electrode zone, differential pulse method is adopted to detect, parameter is as follows: scanning voltage scope: 0.3 ~ 1.0V, step potential: 0.005V, pulse height: 0.25V, pulse width: 0.05s, interval time: 0.50s.
Disturbance ion and chaff interference affect test result as shown in Figure 5 to nitrite electrochemical sensor.
The testing result of the present embodiment nitrite electrochemical sensor is verified below by way of experimental data:
Actual sample detects the contrast mainly comprising sample pre-treatments and two kinds of detection methods.Pre-treatment mainly comprises the actual water sample of getting 100mL, adds 1mL NaOH (mass concentration 25%) solution and 1mL ZnSO4 solution (mass concentration 10%) wherein, leaves standstill 10min, filter with qualitative filter paper after mixing.By filtered fluid and damping fluid (0.2M NaH 2p0 4, 0.1M NaCl) with after the mixing of the ratio of 1:1, detect with nitrite electrochemical sensor.
Detection method is with above-mentioned, pipette 80 μ L mixed liquors, drop to nitrite electrochemical sensor three electrode zone, differential pulse method is adopted to detect, parameter is as follows: scanning voltage scope: 0.3 ~ 1.0V, step potential: 0.005V, pulse height: 0.25V, pulse width: 0.05s, interval time: 0.50s.
In order to verify the accuracy of nitrite electrochemical sensor testing result, N-(l-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine photometry (GB7493-87) is adopted to compare test.Concrete test result is as shown in table 1, nitrite electrochemical sensor testing result and National Standard Method testing result basically identical, illustrate that this sensor performance is reliable.Recovery of standard addition is between 92.57% ~ 107.60% in addition, and the feasibility that this sensor detects for actual sample is described.
As shown in table 1, the present embodiment nitrite electrochemical sensor and National Standard Method are to actual sample nitrite Concentration Testing Comparative result:
Note: nitrite spiked levels is 10 μMs.
Above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention but not to be limited; when not deviating from the present invention's spirit and essence thereof; those of ordinary skill in the art are when making various corresponding change and distortion according to the present invention, but these change accordingly and are out of shape the protection domain that all should belong to the claim appended by the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a nitrite electrochemical sensor, for detecting the concentration of the nitrite in solution to be measured, it is characterized in that, described nitrite electrochemical sensor comprises substrate, silk-screen printing technique is adopted to be printed with auxiliary electrode on the substrate, working electrode, contrast electrode, and the lead-in wire of each electrode and binding post, described auxiliary electrode, working electrode adopts the printing of carbon slurry, described contrast electrode, lead-in wire and binding post adopt silver/silver chloride slurry printing, the upper substrate layer surface printing electrode, except auxiliary electrode, working electrode, printed ink insulation course outside contrast electrode and binding post, described working electrode surface also deposits reductibility graphene oxide by electrochemical reduction oxidation Graphene method, and on reductibility graphene oxide, drip painting one deck Nafion.
2. nitrite electrochemical sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the reductibility graphene oxide that described working electrode surface deposits, the electrochemical reduction oxidation Graphene method adopted is cyclic voltammetry, get 70 ~ 90 μ L and carry out cyclic voltammetry scan containing the phosphate mixed liquor of 1mg/mL graphene oxide, scanning voltage is-1.4 ~ 0V, sweeps speed 10 ~ 100mV/s, scanning 5 ~ 15 circle.
3. a nitrite electrochemical sensor preparation method, for the preparation of nitrite electrochemical sensor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise step:
Adopt silk-screen printing technique, substrate prints lead-in wire, binding post and contrast electrode; Substrate is printed working electrode and auxiliary electrode; The upper substrate layer surface printing electrode, printed ink insulation course except auxiliary electrode, working electrode, contrast electrode and binding post;
By electrochemical reduction oxidation Graphene method deposition reductibility graphene oxide on working electrode surface;
Drip on reductibility graphene oxide and be coated with one deck Nafion.
4. nitrite electrochemical sensor preparation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described lead-in wire, binding post and contrast electrode adopt silver/silver chloride slurry to print on substrate, and described working electrode and auxiliary electrode adopt carbon slurry to print on substrate.
5. nitrite electrochemical sensor preparation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described electrochemical reduction oxidation Graphene method, comprises step:
Take a certain amount of graphene oxide, add to the Na of 0.05M concentration 2hPO 4/ NaH 2p0 4damping fluid, forms the phosphate mixed liquor of 1mg/mL graphene oxide;
Again by ultrasonic for mixed liquor process 25 ~ 40 minutes, obtain the solution of stable uniform;
Then pipette 70 ~ 90 μ L with pipettor and carry out cyclic voltammetry scan containing the above-mentioned phosphate mixed liquor of 1mg/mL graphene oxide, scanning voltage be-1.4 ~ 0V, sweeps speed 10 ~ 100mV/s, and scanning 5 ~ 10 is enclosed.
6. nitrite electrochemical sensor preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described dripping on reductibility graphene oxide is coated with one deck Nafion, comprises step:
The Nafion solution absolute ethyl alcohol of 10% mass concentration is diluted to 1 ~ 5%, gets 2 ~ 6 μ L Nafion dissolution homogeneity and drip and be coated in above screen printing work electrode reductibility graphene oxide, naturally dry under room temperature.
7. the nitrite electrochemical sensor preparation method according to the arbitrary claim of claim 3-6, it is characterized in that, substrate is printed lead-in wire, binding post and contrast electrode, print on substrate working electrode and auxiliary electrode, the upper substrate layer surface printed ink insulation course printing electrode, on working electrode surface, deposit reductibility graphene oxide step after, also comprise step:
Be cured process respectively, the curing mode adopted is normal temperature cure, is heating and curing or UV-irradiation.
CN201510046069.2A 2015-01-25 2015-01-25 Nitrite electrochemical sensor and manufacturing method thereof Pending CN104634848A (en)

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CN106066356A (en) * 2016-03-07 2016-11-02 天津科技大学 The intelligent portable Graphene of a kind of EC of detection prints electrode detector
CN106596670A (en) * 2016-12-12 2017-04-26 江南大学 Method for measuring grease oxidation induction time based on screen printing modified electrode
CN106645329A (en) * 2016-11-09 2017-05-10 江苏大学 GO-Nafion bilayer membrane modified pH and water content composite sensor and preparation method thereof
CN107228889A (en) * 2017-06-14 2017-10-03 上海海洋大学 The preparation and application of a kind of cobalt oxide/mesoporous carbon composite material electrochemical sensor
CN109187678A (en) * 2018-07-11 2019-01-11 杭州电子科技大学 Utilize the nitrite detection device of nanogold graphene modified electrochemical method
CN109786124A (en) * 2018-12-05 2019-05-21 南通科技职业学院 A kind of flexible asymmetric super-capacitor and preparation method thereof
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CN112697864A (en) * 2020-12-16 2021-04-23 浙江大学 Integrated four-electrode gas sensor and preparation method and application thereof
CN113340957A (en) * 2021-06-01 2021-09-03 天津市食品安全检测技术研究院 Composite electrode chip for rapidly detecting nitrite in food and preparation method thereof
CN113504280A (en) * 2021-06-11 2021-10-15 浙江大学 Bioelectrochemical method for real-time in-situ detection of nitrite in sewage
CN114965630A (en) * 2022-06-06 2022-08-30 晨光生物科技集团股份有限公司 Silk-screen printing electrode for detecting antioxidant activity and preparation and detection methods thereof
CN115524382A (en) * 2022-09-19 2022-12-27 华侨大学 Electrochemical electrode sensor and application thereof

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CN105353009B (en) * 2015-10-20 2019-02-22 青岛瑞利特新材料科技有限公司 A kind of screen printing electrode and its processing method based on Graphene conductive ink
CN105353009A (en) * 2015-10-20 2016-02-24 青岛瑞利特新材料科技有限公司 Screen-printed electrode based on graphene conductive ink and processing method thereof
CN106066356A (en) * 2016-03-07 2016-11-02 天津科技大学 The intelligent portable Graphene of a kind of EC of detection prints electrode detector
CN106645329A (en) * 2016-11-09 2017-05-10 江苏大学 GO-Nafion bilayer membrane modified pH and water content composite sensor and preparation method thereof
CN106645329B (en) * 2016-11-09 2019-02-05 江苏大学 A kind of double-deck film modified pH of GO-Nafion, water content compound sensor and preparation method thereof
CN106596670A (en) * 2016-12-12 2017-04-26 江南大学 Method for measuring grease oxidation induction time based on screen printing modified electrode
US10670580B2 (en) 2017-06-05 2020-06-02 Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey Quantification of inflammatory molecules in exhaled breath condensate using differential pulse voltammetry on reduced graphene oxide sensor
CN107228889A (en) * 2017-06-14 2017-10-03 上海海洋大学 The preparation and application of a kind of cobalt oxide/mesoporous carbon composite material electrochemical sensor
CN109187678A (en) * 2018-07-11 2019-01-11 杭州电子科技大学 Utilize the nitrite detection device of nanogold graphene modified electrochemical method
CN109786124A (en) * 2018-12-05 2019-05-21 南通科技职业学院 A kind of flexible asymmetric super-capacitor and preparation method thereof
CN109786124B (en) * 2018-12-05 2024-04-05 南通南京大学材料工程技术研究院 Flexible asymmetric supercapacitor and preparation method thereof
CN112697864A (en) * 2020-12-16 2021-04-23 浙江大学 Integrated four-electrode gas sensor and preparation method and application thereof
CN112697864B (en) * 2020-12-16 2022-04-01 浙江大学 Integrated four-electrode gas sensor and preparation method and application thereof
CN113340957A (en) * 2021-06-01 2021-09-03 天津市食品安全检测技术研究院 Composite electrode chip for rapidly detecting nitrite in food and preparation method thereof
CN113504280A (en) * 2021-06-11 2021-10-15 浙江大学 Bioelectrochemical method for real-time in-situ detection of nitrite in sewage
CN114965630A (en) * 2022-06-06 2022-08-30 晨光生物科技集团股份有限公司 Silk-screen printing electrode for detecting antioxidant activity and preparation and detection methods thereof
CN115524382A (en) * 2022-09-19 2022-12-27 华侨大学 Electrochemical electrode sensor and application thereof

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