CN104629804A - Biomass gasification method - Google Patents
Biomass gasification method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104629804A CN104629804A CN201510084318.7A CN201510084318A CN104629804A CN 104629804 A CN104629804 A CN 104629804A CN 201510084318 A CN201510084318 A CN 201510084318A CN 104629804 A CN104629804 A CN 104629804A
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- reduction reaction
- biomass
- combustible gas
- reaction device
- gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/725—Redox processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
Abstract
The invention discloses a biomass gasification method. The biomass gasification method comprises the following steps: carrying out reaction on a biomass raw material by virtue of a thermochemical reaction device in a biomass gasification furnace, so that combustible gas is obtained; carrying out secondary reduction on the combustible gas by virtue of two reduction reaction devices in the biomass gasification reaction furnace, wherein temperature of the combustible gas reaches up to 300-800 DEG C; and carrying out secondary heating on liquefied water and tar or added micromolecular group water, converting the water and tar into a gas state from a liquid state at a high-temperature state, and then enabling the gas-state water and tar to participate reduction reaction in the furnace again, so that hydrogen-rich or methane-rich gas is generated, and fuel gas calorific value and gas generation rate are increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to gasifying biomass field, be specifically related to a kind of gasification process of biomass.
Background technology
Biomass energy, comprises coal, stalk, wood chip, firewood, weeds, pine needle, leaf, dry cattle and sheep animal manure, edible fungi residues etc.Biomass energy is the fourth-largest energy being only second to coal, oil, Sweet natural gas, in world energy sources aggregate consumption, account for 14%.Worldwide, along with the develop rapidly of economy, the demand of the energy also increases sharply, thus causes the relative shortage of the energy.
Under high temperature condition, biomass material can produce biomass gasification reaction, comprise thermal chemical reaction and reduction reaction, in the Conversion of energy of thermal chemical reaction, carbon in biomass energy, hydrogen, oxygen element become atomic state, and then according to the one-tenth key principle of chemical bond, the atoms such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen combine again, form new molecular arrangement, generate and comprise the inflammable gass such as carbon monoxide, methane, hydrogen.
In the prior art, biomass gasification reaction carries out in biomass gasifying furnace.Thermal chemical reaction device and reduction reaction device is generally comprised in biomass gasification reaction stove.Thermal chemical reaction device is simultaneously as the device holding raw material, and under high temperature condition, raw material generation thermal chemical reaction generates gas, and gas is directed in the reduction reaction device of biomass gasification reaction furnace interior bottom and carries out reduction reaction.Reduction reaction device is generally platypelloid type structure, the face of platypelloid type is actually the bottom of thermal chemical reaction device inside, also be zone of oxidation, it becomes raw material igniting place, burning place, the bottom of reduction reaction device platypelloid type is then combustion chamber, therefore, the upper and lower parts of reduction reaction device can be heated; Reduction reaction device inside is generally tortuous hollow, gas enters into the hollow part of reduction reaction device automatically, and separate with zone of oxidation and combustion chamber, be actually and the gas of generation is imported vacancy in the complications of reduction reaction device again, carry out secondary temperature elevation.
But existingly to come with some shortcomings at biomass gasifying furnace, while generation combustible gas, also a large amount of steam and tar is generated, be blended in combustible gas, cause combustible gas can produce unfavorable factor when burning, and cause line clogging when cooling, simultaneously, environmental pollution is caused, current vapourizing furnace ubiquitous situation that Here it is during outside discharge.In addition, in gasification reaction, combustible gas itself carries heat energy, is not utilized, thus slatterns resource.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, for deficiency of the prior art, to provide a kind of gasification process of biomass, effectively can solve the tar problem of gasifying biomass, can also by biomass gasifying furnace gasification after combustible gas with heat make full use of.
To achieve the object of the present invention, following technical scheme is adopted:
1) gasifying biomass: biomass material drops in the thermal chemical reaction device of biomass gasification reaction stove after pulverizing, then import oxygen to enter zone of oxidation and carry out oxidizing reaction, oxidizing reaction heat release, exothermic temperature reaches 1100-1200 DEG C, the gas that oxidation produces automatically rises and enters into reducing zone and carry out reduction reaction, and carbon dioxide reduction is the combustible gas containing carbon monoxide, hydrogen;
2) combustible gas carries out secondary reduction reaction: combustible gas is directed into by the outlet at biomass gasifying furnace top in a reduction reaction device in biomass gasifying furnace and carries out second time reduction reaction, temperature remains between 1000-1150 DEG C, obtain the combustible gas carrying high temperature after completion of the reaction, reduction reaction device has gas discharge outlet, by the heat exchanger outside biomass gasifying furnace, obtain the water of pure combustible gas and post liquefaction, tar respectively, store pure combustible gas;
3) water and tar carry out secondary reduction reaction: step 2) water, the tar of post liquefaction that obtain, be directed in another reduction reaction device in biomass gasifying furnace and carry out second time reduction reaction, temperature remains between 1000-1150 DEG C, water and tar become gaseous state from liquid state, and then be directed into thermal chemical reaction device, generate the combustible gas of rich hydrogen or methane rich composition;
Step 3) described reduction reaction device, be installed on step 2) on described reduction reaction device, or be installed on step 2) under described reduction reaction device, and have tiny pipe to be communicated with between two devices, make step 2) a small amount of gas of being rich in carbon in described reduction reaction device is directed to step 3) described in reducing apparatus in, make carbon and water at high operating temperatures can in step 3) there is reversible reaction in reducing apparatus, generate the combustible gas of high heating value.
Thermal chemical reaction device in biomass gasification reaction stove of the present invention is simultaneously as the device holding raw material, under high temperature condition, raw material generation thermal chemical reaction generates gas, the shell of thermal chemical reaction device all wraps up with lagging material, furnace heat is not run off, is beneficial to maintenance gasification temperature.
Describedly obtain combustible gas, after second time reduction reaction completes, temperature is 300-800 DEG C, preferred 500-800 DEG C, combustion gas connects the outer various heat exchanger of stove, as roasting plant, carbonization device, water tank etc., utilize physics thermal conduction, combustible gas can need the cryogenic substance of heating to conduct heat to certain, utilize heat energy by heat exchange, and fuel gas temperature is reduced to normal temperature.
Reduction reaction device in described biomass gasification reaction stove, is placed in thermal chemical reaction device inner, for flat hollow structure, has tortuous circuitous channel, all burned the be wrapped in device of its whole exposed part; Preferably be placed in thermal chemical reaction device inner, for flat hollow structure, be highly greater than width, have tortuous circuitous channel, all burned the be wrapped in device of its whole exposed part.
Described biomass material comprises coal, stalk, wood chip, firewood, weeds, pine needle, leaf, dry cattle and sheep animal manure, edible fungi residues etc.
Thermal chemical reaction device of the present invention is simultaneously as the device holding raw material, under high temperature condition, raw material generation thermal chemical reaction generates gas, temperature generally can reach between 1100-1200 DEG C, gas is imported in a reduction reaction device of gasification reacting furnace internal gasifier layer by induced draft fan and carries out reduction reaction, temperature can remain between 1000-1150 DEG C all the time herein, when gas is when flowing through tortuous roundabout passage, there is certain residence time, time effect creates secondary reduction reaction.In addition, when combustible gas is after emitting, as heat transfer character, the cryogenic substance obtaining temperature is needed to conduct heat to certain, or after the heat exchanges such as water treatment, the temperature of combustible gas itself reduces, and gas becomes normal temperature state, is originally blended in part steam in the middle of combustible gas and tar all liquefies, liquefy water and tar, imported to again in another reduction reaction device, or removed liquid water, replace to small-micelle water and join in another reduction reaction device, or do not remove liquid water, but add small-micelle water in right amount, work as small-micelle water, after liquid water and tar are heated in another reduction reaction device, when material is gaseous state from liquid conversion, gas and vapor permeation high with the carbon content imported on a small quantity from another reducing apparatus again, the reversible reaction of carbon and water is there is after mixing, generate new gas, be injected into again afterwards in the reducing zone of the thermal chemical reaction device of biomass gasifying furnace and go to participate in reduction reaction, no oxygen herein, oxidizing reaction can not be there is, under the high temperature conditions, so hydrogen atom and hydrogen atom are combined into hydrogen, 4 hydrogen atoms and 1 carbon atom are combined into methane, 1 Sauerstoffatom and 1 carbon atom are combined into carbon monoxide etc., and tar is cracked into small molecules gasification state, reply as liquid never again, the combustible gas of the gas and vapor permeation Cheng Xin of these new lives, due to hydrogen and methane content in the majority, calorific value is much higher than the combustible gas of common biomass gasifying furnace.
The present invention utilizes biomass material to produce on the basis of high temperature in the reaction of biomass gasifying furnace internal oxidition, is back to reduction reaction device heat absorption in biomass gasifying furnace again, makes it carry out reduction reaction at high operating temperatures after steam is separated with combustible gas with tar; The combustible gas after gasification in stove is directly refluxed reduction reaction heat absorption simultaneously, being to carry out reduction reaction on the one hand, being after combustible gas secondary completes reduction reaction on the other hand, utilizing combustible gas itself to carry the thermal conduction of temperature, the heat energy of heat exchange is provided.
Compared with prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, according to biomass gasification reaction principle, in view of carbon during gasification and the reversible reaction of water and the scission reaction of tar, biomass gasification reaction stove reduction reaction temperature constructively must reach more than 1000 DEG C, the present invention utilizes the oxidizing reaction thermal source of biomass gasification reaction itself to carry out secondary heating, in secondary heating, make reduction reaction reach more than 1000 DEG C, the scission reaction of the reversible reaction of carbon and water and tar can be made effectively to complete.
2, the present invention can make steam and tar effectively be converted into combustible gas, and calorific value improves, and gas production rate improves.
3, the present invention also in reduction reaction device, can add appropriate small-micelle water, water is changed into combustion gas.
4, the present invention utilizes the temperature of combustible gas itself, utilizes physics thermal conduction, and combustible gas can conduct heat to needing the cryogenic substance of heating, and utilizes heat energy by heat exchange.
Embodiment
With embodiment, the invention will be further described below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Embodiment 1:
1) first raw material in small, broken bits is loaded in the thermal chemical reaction device of biomass gasification reaction stove, light a fire in the bottom of biomass gasification reaction stove, with air blast effect burning things which may cause a fire disaster and oxygen sent in stove and carry out oxidizing reaction, setting oxidizing reaction temperature is between 1100-1200 DEG C, under high temperature condition, raw material generation thermal chemical reaction generates combustible gas.
2) same air blast effect, gas is back in reduction reaction device (1) again after being up to fire door, heat absorption in reduction reaction device (1), temperature remains between 1000-1150 DEG C, after carrying out reduction reaction, outside giving off, now the temperature of combustible gas itself is between 300-800 DEG C, after normal operation, be stabilized between 500-800 DEG C, combustion gas connects the outer various heat exchanger of stove, as roasting plant, carbonization device, water tank etc., utilize physics thermal conduction, utilize physics thermal conduction, combustible gas is placed in pipeline to conduct heat to needing the cryogenic substance obtaining temperature, after heat transfer completes, or after water treatment cooling, combustible gas becomes normal temperature state, and the steam be originally blended in the middle of combustible gas and tar all change into liquefaction, become liquid water and tar, combustible gas becomes pure gas, enter in storage device and lay in.
3) both the water be liquefied outside stove and tar mix, be back in the reduction reaction device (2) in stove by pipeline, heat absorption in reduction reaction device (2), temperature remains between 1000-1150 DEG C, it is made to become gaseous state from liquid state, and be again ejected in the thermal chemical reaction device in stove, because now complete anaerobic, oxidizing reaction can not be there is, but carry out reconfiguring of reduction reaction with the various elements after instant gasification herein, generate combustible gas.When gas is up, flows through after reduction reaction device (1) is heated again through air inducing effect and emit.
Step 3) described reduction reaction device, be installed on step 2) on described reduction reaction device, and have tiny pipe to be communicated with between two devices, the gas being rich in carbon in lower unit is made to be directed in upper unit, make carbon and water in the reducing apparatus of top, reversible reaction can occur at high operating temperatures, generate the combustible gas of high heating value, and step 3) mounting height of described reduction reaction device is greater than step 2) mounting height of described reduction reaction device, but step 3) described reduction reaction device itself be highly less than step 2) height of described reduction reaction device, two reduction reaction device height sums are more than or equal to the gasification layer (zone of oxidation+reducing zone) of gasifying biomass furnace interior highly, step 3) width of described reduction reaction device is less than step 2) width of described reduction reaction device.
Embodiment 2:
1) first raw material in small, broken bits is loaded in the thermal chemical reaction device of biomass gasification reaction stove, light a fire in the bottom of biomass gasification reaction stove, with air inducing effect burning things which may cause a fire disaster and oxygen sucked in stove and carry out oxidizing reaction, setting oxidizing reaction temperature is between 1100-1200 DEG C, under high temperature condition, raw material generation thermal chemical reaction generates combustible gas.
2) same blower effect, gas is back in reduction reaction device (1) again after being up to fire door, heat absorption in reduction reaction device (1), temperature remains between 1000-1150 DEG C, after carrying out reduction reaction, outside giving off, now the temperature of combustible gas itself is between 300-800 DEG C, after normal operation, be stabilized between 500-800 DEG C, combustion gas connects the outer various heat exchanger of stove, as roasting plant, carbonization device, water tank etc., utilize physics thermal conduction, combustible gas is placed in pipeline to conduct heat to needing the cryogenic substance obtaining temperature, after heat transfer completes, or after water treatment cooling, combustible gas becomes normal temperature state, and the steam be originally blended in the middle of combustible gas and tar all change into liquefaction, become liquid water and tar, combustible gas becomes pure gas, enter in storage device and lay in.
3) both the water be liquefied outside stove and tar mix, be back in the reduction reaction device (2) in stove by pipeline, in order to improve factor of created gase, simultaneously also can be appropriate add small-micelle water, add-on is about the 5-10% of instant factor of created gase, then common heat absorption in reduction reaction device (2), temperature remains between 1000-1150 DEG C, it is made to become gaseous state from liquid state, and be again ejected in the thermal chemical reaction device in stove, because now complete anaerobic, oxidizing reaction can not be there is, but carry out reconfiguring of reduction reaction with the various elements after instant gasification herein, generate combustible gas.When gas is up, flows through after reduction reaction device (1) is heated again through air inducing effect and emit.
Step 3) described reduction reaction device, be installed on step 2) under described reduction reaction device, and have tiny pipe to be communicated with between two devices, the gas being rich in carbon in upper unit is made to be directed in lower unit, make carbon and water in the reducing apparatus of bottom, reversible reaction can occur at high operating temperatures, generate the combustible gas of high heating value, and step 3) mounting height of described reduction reaction device is greater than step 2) mounting height of described reduction reaction device, but step 3) described reduction reaction device itself be highly less than step 2) height of described reduction reaction device, two reduction reaction device height sums are more than or equal to the gasification layer (zone of oxidation+reducing zone) of gasifying biomass furnace interior highly, step 3) width of described reduction reaction device is less than step 2) width of described reduction reaction device.
Claims (5)
1. a gasification process for biomass, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) gasifying biomass: biomass material drops in the thermal chemical reaction device of biomass gasification reaction stove after pulverizing, then import oxygen to enter zone of oxidation and carry out oxidizing reaction, oxidizing reaction heat release, exothermic temperature reaches 1100-1200 DEG C, the gas that oxidation produces automatically rises and enters into reducing zone and carry out reduction reaction, and carbon dioxide reduction is the combustible gas containing carbon monoxide, hydrogen;
2) combustible gas carries out secondary reduction reaction: combustible gas is directed into by the outlet at biomass gasifying furnace top in a reduction reaction device in biomass gasifying furnace and carries out second time reduction reaction, temperature remains between 1000-1150 DEG C, obtain the combustible gas carrying high temperature after completion of the reaction, reduction reaction device has gas discharge outlet, by the heat exchanger outside biomass gasifying furnace, obtain the water of pure combustible gas and post liquefaction, tar respectively, store pure combustible gas;
3) water and tar carry out secondary reduction reaction: step 2) water, the tar of post liquefaction that obtain, be directed in another reduction reaction device in biomass gasifying furnace and carry out second time reduction reaction, temperature remains between 1000-1150 DEG C, water and tar become gaseous state from liquid state, and then be directed into thermal chemical reaction device, generate the combustible gas of rich hydrogen or methane rich composition;
Step 3) described reduction reaction device, be installed on step 2) on described reduction reaction device, or be installed on step 2) under described reduction reaction device, and have tiny pipe to be communicated with between two devices, make step 2) a small amount of gas of being rich in carbon in described reduction reaction device is directed to step 3) described in reducing apparatus in, make carbon and water at high operating temperatures can in step 3) there is reversible reaction in reducing apparatus, generate the combustible gas of high heating value.
2. the gasification process of a kind of biomass according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in obtain combustible gas temperature be 300-800 DEG C.
3. the gasification process of a kind of biomass according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described in obtain combustible gas temperature be 500-800 DEG C.
4., according to the gasification process of the arbitrary described a kind of biomass of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: described in obtain combustible gas, to needing the cryogenic substance of heating to conduct heat, utilize heat energy by heat exchange.
5. the gasification process of a kind of biomass according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the shell of described thermal chemical reaction device all wraps up with lagging material.
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| CN201510084318.7A CN104629804A (en) | 2015-02-16 | 2015-02-16 | Biomass gasification method |
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| CN201510084318.7A CN104629804A (en) | 2015-02-16 | 2015-02-16 | Biomass gasification method |
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| CN105524631A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-04-27 | 青岛理工大学 | Method for preparing energy source gas from sludge and simultaneously performing harmless treatment on chromium slag |
| CN105524638A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-04-27 | 青岛理工大学 | Method for synchronously treating chromium slag and PVC (polyvinyl chloride) plastics |
| CN105602621A (en) * | 2016-01-19 | 2016-05-25 | 青岛理工大学 | Technology for recycling biomass and producing high-quality fuel gas by afterheat of slag |
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