CN104627980A - Controllable flame burner and method for synthesizing carbon nano tubes - Google Patents
Controllable flame burner and method for synthesizing carbon nano tubes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a controllable flame burner and a method for synthesizing carbon nano tubes. The controllable flame burner comprises vertically penetrated double layers of straight round tubes embedded with one another, wherein an area encircled by the inner layer straight round tube refers to a central reactive synthesis area; an area encircled between the inner layer straight round tube and the outer layer straight round tube is segmented into a high-temperature heat source area and a low-temperature cooling area; a carbon nano tube sampling area is formed at the upper outlet of the double-layer straight round tube; the lower opening of the central reactive synthesis area refers to an inlet of reactant mixed gas, inert gases and nano catalyst particles; the lower opening of the high-temperature heat source area refers to an inlet of combustible premixed gas; and the lower opening of the low-temperature cooling area refers to an inlet of cooling gas. The large-scale controllable and continuous synthesis of the carbon nano tubes can be realized at low cost, and the yield of the carbon nano tubes can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of carbon nanotube synthetic technology, particularly relate to a kind of method of controllable flame burner and synthesizing carbon nanotubes thereof.
Background technology
Carbon nanotube (Carbon Nanotubes, CNTs) is the isomer of carbon, is the open tube of the nano-scale be rolled into by laminate structure graphene film, has very high length-to-diameter ratio, have fabulous mechanics, electricity and thermal property simultaneously.Japanese Electronic Speculum expert Sumio Iijima (Sumio Iijima) in 1991 existence of carbon nanotube that utilized electron microscope first to find.At present, the synthetic method of carbon nanotube mainly contains four kinds: arc discharge method (arc discharge), laser evaporization method (laser vaporization), chemical Vapor deposition process (chemical vapor deposition, CVD) and flame synthesis (flame synthesis).Wherein, flame synthesis (utilizing combustion flame synthesizing carbon nanotubes) is a brand-new technology and research field.
It is complicated that first three plants prior synthesizing method (arc discharge method, laser evaporization method, chemical Vapor deposition process) equipment, cost is higher, yield poorly, can not operate continuously, and flame synthesis just can carry out under normal atmosphere, and equipment is simple, with low cost, generated time is short, has the possibility of commercial synthesis.
Before 2000, the research of Flame Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes is less, representative is the people such as Belgian Ivanov in 1994 grow diameter tens nanometer in document " Ivanov V; Nagy J B et; al.The Study of Carbon nanotubes Produced by Catalytic Method.Chem Phys Lett.1994,223:329-335 " on the catalyst particle such as cobalt and iron by pyrolysis carbon nanotube with acetylene.The same year, the people such as the Howard of Massachusetts Institute Technology find that burning acetylene, benzene or ethene etc. can obtain carbon nanotube in the low pressure vessel of oxygenation and thinner in the document " Howard JB; Das Chowdhury K; Vander Sande JB.Carbon shells in flames.Nature; 1994,370 (6491): 603 ".
After 2000, just carry out the research work of Flame Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes both at home and abroad gradually.
The people such as NASA Vander wal in 2000 adopt " cracking flame " to obtain carbon nanotube in document " Vander wal RL; Ticich TM; Curtis VE.Diffusion Flame Synthesis of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes.Chem Phys Lett.2000,354 (1-2): 20-4 ".The people such as the Vander wal of NASA in 2002 adopt inflammable gas to be carbon source in document " Vander wal RL; Fe-Catalyzed.Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes Synthesis within a Flame Environment.Combustion and Flame.2002; 130:37-47 ", utilize Mckenna's burner (McKenna burner) to obtain a small amount of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube.
The people such as Massachusetts Institute Technology Height and Howard in 2004 are at the burning acetylene premixed gas of document " Height MT; Howard JB; Tester JW et al.Flame Synthesis of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes.Carbon.2004; 42:2295-2307 " middle oxygenation and thinner, and after the laminar flow flat flame of burner outlet, different heights place have collected Single Walled Carbon Nanotube.
The people such as Japanese NaKazawa in 2005 adopt the premix gas jet impulse of the acetylene/air of fuel-rich material to scribble the pottery of nickel catalyzator layer in allocating plate in document " NaKazawa S; YoKomori T; Mizomoto M.Flame Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes in a Wall Stagnation Flow.Chemical Physics Letter.2005; 403:158-162 ", form horn-like flame, and generate multi-walled carbon nano-tubes in allocating narrow annular band region on plate.
The people such as the Sang Kil Woo of Korea S in 2008 adopt double-walled standing current burner to obtain carbon nanotube in document " Sang Kil Woo; Young Taek Hong; Oh Chae Kwon.Flame synthesis of carbon-nanotubes using a double-faced wall stagnation flow burner.Carbon; 2009,47 (3): 912-916 ".
Sum up, flame synthetic method of the prior art also exists advantage, but also Shortcomings.First heat source temperature poor controllability, the intensity of combustion (combustion oxygen ratio) mainly relying on adjustment flame regulates and controls temperature of reaction, causes product to there is certain impurity, the carbon nanotube not easily obtaining Single Walled Carbon Nanotube and have compared with long structure; Two is because synthesis condition (mainly temperature and the catalyzer) controllability of carbon nanotube is bad, makes the output of carbon nanotube still await improving.
The industrial application of carbon nanotube and scientific research it is desirable that a large amount of quality better, grow controlled, purity is higher and lower-cost carbon nanotube, in prior art, the flame method of synthesizing carbon nanotubes is difficult to the drawback overcoming traditional flame synthetic method.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly can realize controlled, continuous, extensive, the controllable flame burner of low cost synthesizing carbon nanotubes and the method for synthesizing carbon nanotubes thereof.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The controllable flame burner of synthesizing carbon nanotubes of the present invention, comprise the straight pipe of bilayer of mutually nested up/down perforation, Reactive Synthesis district centered by the region that the straight pipe of internal layer surrounds, the region segmentation of surrounding between the straight pipe of internal layer and the straight pipe of skin is high-temperature hot source region and subcooling district, the upper outlet of the straight pipe of described bilayer is carbon nanotube sampling area, the end opening in described central reaction synthesis district is reactant gas mixture, the entrance of rare gas element and nano-catalyst particles, the end opening in described high-temperature hot source region is the entrance of flammable premixed gas, the end opening in described subcooling district is the entrance of cooling gas.
The method utilizing above-mentioned controllable flame burner synthesizing carbon nanotubes of the present invention, comprises step:
After inflammable gas and air or oxygen premix, be passed into described high-temperature hot source region, after ignition, produce symmetrical stationary flame, carbon nanotube is provided to synthesize necessary stable high temperature heat source to described central reaction synthesis district, generating portion carbon nanotube simultaneously;
Meanwhile, cooling gas is passed into described subcooling district to control the temperature in described central reaction synthesis district;
Simultaneously; reaction mixture gas body, rare gas element and nano-catalyst particles after premix is passed in described central reaction synthesis district; carbon nanotube is provided to synthesize necessary stable carbon-source gas and nano-catalyst particles; at high temperature there is scission reaction; produce the active atoms of carbon of free state, under the protection of rare gas element, be combined rapidly with nano-catalyst particles; become the growth core of carbon nanotube and constantly grow, finally forming carbon nanotube.
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention, the controllable flame burner that the embodiment of the present invention provides and the method for synthesizing carbon nanotubes thereof, due to the straight pipe of the bilayer comprising mutually nested up/down perforation, Reactive Synthesis district centered by the region that the straight pipe of internal layer surrounds, the region segmentation of surrounding between the straight pipe of internal layer and the straight pipe of skin is high-temperature hot source region and subcooling district, the upper outlet of the straight pipe of described bilayer is carbon nanotube sampling area, the end opening in described central reaction synthesis district is reactant gas mixture, the entrance of rare gas element and nano-catalyst particles, the end opening in described high-temperature hot source region is the entrance of flammable premixed gas, the end opening in described subcooling district is the entrance of cooling gas.Can realize controlled, continuously, on a large scale, low cost synthesizing carbon nanotubes, by synthesizing carbon nanotubes process and combustion processes completely isolated, add the subcooling stage of carbon nanotube building-up process simultaneously, a large amount of impurity that burning produces can be reduced, achieve the relatively accurate of carbon nanotube synthesis temperature, controllable adjustable, and do not need the intensity of combustion (combustion oxygen ratio) relying on adjustment flame completely to regulate and control temperature of reaction, ensure that carbon nanotube synthesizes under Optimal Temperature condition, more be conducive to Single Walled Carbon Nanotube and there is the generation of the carbon nanotube compared with long structure.In addition, in the present invention, carbon nanotube mainly obtains in pipe core outlet, and the upper outlet simultaneously in two high-temperature hot source regions also can obtain part carbon nanotube, samples according to spherical-surface substrate, can expand effective collection area of carbon nanotube, these all will increase the output of carbon nanotube further.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The perspective view of the controllable flame burner that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
The cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the controllable flame burner that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure:
1 represents central reaction synthesis district, passes into reactant gas mixture, rare gas element and nano-catalyst particles bottom it; 2 and 4 represent high-temperature hot source region, pass into flammable premixed gas bottom it, provide high temperature heat source by Reactive Synthesis district centered by burning; 3 and 5 represent subcooling districts, pass into the synthesis reaction temperature that rare gas element or nitrogen or air come in Reactive Synthesis district of control center 1 bottom it; 6 represent carbon nanotube sampling area.
Embodiment
To be described in further detail the embodiment of the present invention below.
The controllable flame burner of synthesizing carbon nanotubes of the present invention, its preferably embodiment be:
Comprise the straight pipe of bilayer of mutually nested up/down perforation, Reactive Synthesis district centered by the region that the straight pipe of internal layer surrounds, the region segmentation of surrounding between the straight pipe of internal layer and the straight pipe of skin is high-temperature hot source region and subcooling district, the upper outlet of the straight pipe of described bilayer is carbon nanotube sampling area, the end opening in described central reaction synthesis district is the entrance of reactant gas mixture, rare gas element and nano-catalyst particles, the end opening in described high-temperature hot source region is the entrance of flammable premixed gas, and the end opening in described subcooling district is the entrance of cooling gas.
Described high-temperature hot source region and subcooling district have 2 respectively, and 2 high-temperature hot source regions are arranged symmetrically with, and 2 subcooling districts are arranged symmetrically with.
The outlet of the straight pipe of described internal layer is concordant with the outlet of the straight pipe of described skin;
Described cooling gas is rare gas element or air, and described carbon nanotube sampling area is for collecting the carbon nano-tube material of synthesis.
The method utilizing above-mentioned controllable flame burner synthesizing carbon nanotubes of the present invention, its preferably embodiment be:
Comprise step:
After inflammable gas and air or oxygen premix, be passed into described high-temperature hot source region, after ignition, produce symmetrical stationary flame, carbon nanotube is provided to synthesize necessary stable high temperature heat source to described central reaction synthesis district, generating portion carbon nanotube simultaneously;
Meanwhile, cooling gas is passed into described subcooling district to control the temperature in described central reaction synthesis district;
Simultaneously; reaction mixture gas body, rare gas element and nano-catalyst particles after premix is passed in described central reaction synthesis district; carbon nanotube is provided to synthesize necessary stable carbon-source gas and nano-catalyst particles; at high temperature there is scission reaction; produce the active atoms of carbon of free state, under the protection of rare gas element, be combined rapidly with nano-catalyst particles; become the growth core of carbon nanotube and constantly grow, finally forming carbon nanotube.
Described inflammable gas is carbonaceous gas, comprises methane, ethene, acetylene and/or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG);
Described rare gas element is argon or helium;
Described nano-catalyst particles is transition-metal catalyst particle, and described transition-metal catalyst particle is nickeliferous, iron or cobalt element;
Described reaction mixture gas body is carbonaceous gas, comprises ethene, acetylene, ethane, carbon monoxide and/or hydrogen.
The bleeding iron of described carbon nanotube is metal probe, metal flat substrate, metallic spheric surface substrate and/or wire cloth.
The temperature of combustion in described high-temperature hot source region is between 550 DEG C ~ 1250 DEG C.
The method of controllable flame burner of the present invention and synthesizing carbon nanotubes thereof, can realize controlled, continuously, on a large scale, low cost synthesizing carbon nanotubes, by synthesizing carbon nanotubes process and combustion processes completely isolated, add the subcooling stage of carbon nanotube building-up process simultaneously, a large amount of impurity that burning produces can be reduced, achieve the relatively accurate of carbon nanotube synthesis temperature, controllable adjustable, and do not need the intensity of combustion (combustion oxygen ratio) relying on adjustment flame completely to regulate and control temperature of reaction, ensure that carbon nanotube synthesizes under Optimal Temperature condition, more be conducive to Single Walled Carbon Nanotube and there is the generation of the carbon nanotube compared with long structure.In addition, in the present invention, carbon nanotube mainly obtains in pipe core outlet, and the upper outlet simultaneously in two high-temperature hot source regions also can obtain part carbon nanotube, samples according to spherical-surface substrate, can expand effective collection area of carbon nanotube, these all will increase the output of carbon nanotube further.
Specific embodiment:
For the concrete grammar of controllable flame burner synthesizing carbon nanotubes, the present invention is described.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, be made up of central reaction synthesis district 1, high-temperature hot source region (combustion chamber) 2 and 4, subcooling district 3 and 5, carbon nanotube sampling area 6.
Reactant gas mixture, rare gas element and nano-catalyst particles is passed into bottom Reactive Synthesis district, center (pipe core) 1, flammable premixed gas is passed into bottom high-temperature hot source region 2 and 4, can high temperature heat source be provided by premixed combustion, bottom subcooling district 3 and 5, pass into rare gas element or nitrogen or air to regulate the synthesis reaction temperature in pipe core.In the carbon nanotube sampling area 6 of ectonexine pipe upper outlet, collect the carbon nano-tube material of synthesis.Carbon nanotube mainly exports at pipe core 1 and obtains, and also can obtain part carbon nanotube in the upper outlet in two high-temperature hot source regions 2 and 4 simultaneously.
Utilize the concrete implementation step of controllable flame synthesizing carbon nanotubes as follows:
Methane (or ethene, acetylene, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)) and the premixed gas of air (or oxygen) are passed into two relative high-temperature hot source regions (combustion chamber) 2 and 4, through ignition, combustion, produce symmetrical stationary flame, to central reaction synthesis, district 1 provides carbon nanotube to synthesize necessary stable high temperature heat source.Flammable premixed gas is meeting generating portion carbon nanotube in burning, can the upper outlet collection in high-temperature hot source region 2 and 4 obtain.
To central reaction synthesis, district 1 passes into reaction mixture gas body, rare gas element and nano-catalyst particles after premix, provides carbon nanotube to synthesize necessary stable carbon-source gas and nano-catalyst particles.Reactant gas mixture in central reaction synthesis district 1 can be carbonaceous gas ethene (or carbon monoxide, acetylene, ethane), hydrogen and rare gas element (as argon, helium), and hydrogen can ensure satisfactory texture and the form of carbon nanotube.Rare gas element, as protective gas, can keep the activity of catalyzer simultaneously.Nano-catalyst particles generally selects transition-metal catalyst particle (nickeliferous, iron or cobalt element), and when adopting the catalyst nano-particles synthesizing carbon nanotubes of iron content, effect is better.
Owing to having possessed three fundamentals of carbon nanotube synthesis: thermal source, carbon source and catalyzer, therefore can synthesizing carbon nanotubes.
, at high temperature can there is scission reaction, produce the active atoms of carbon of free state in the carbon-source gas in central reaction synthesis district 1; under the protection of rare gas element; be combined rapidly with nano-catalyst particles, become the growth core of carbon nanotube and constantly grow, finally forming carbon nanotube.
What deposition (or the carbon nanotube nucleation) process need of carbon atom was certain crosses cool condition, utilize in present method and pass into rare gas element or nitrogen or air to two relative subcooling districts 3 and 5 and carry out controllably suitably to reduce central reaction synthesis district 1 temperature, impel carbon nanotube fast nucleation, and promote that it grows.
Generally, keep the volume flow ratio of methane and air relatively stable, make flame temperature between 550 DEG C ~ 1250 DEG C, ensure that flame front is stablized; Utilize the method passing into rare gas element (or nitrogen, air) bottom subcooling district 3 and 5 to regulate the synthesis reaction temperature in pipe core, to ensure the nucleation of top carbon atom deposition in pipe core Reactive Synthesis district and carbon nanotube.In present method, main adjustment passes into rare gas element (or nitrogen, air) flow in subcooling district to the wall surface temperature regulating central reaction to synthesize district 1, formed " controllable flame ", expand the regulation range of carbon nanotube synthesis temperature, ensure that carbon nanotube synthesizes under the temperature condition of optimum.
The method of controllable flame burner synthesizing carbon nanotubes in the present embodiment, by synthesizing carbon nanotubes process and combustion processes completely isolated, each process is completely independently carried out, add the subcooling stage of carbon nanotube building-up process simultaneously, a large amount of impurity that burning produces can be reduced, the controllable adjustable relatively accurately of heat source temperature can be realized simultaneously, ensure that carbon nanotube synthesizes under the temperature condition of optimum, the intensity of combustion (combustion oxygen ratio) that only need not depend on adjustment flame regulates temperature, the controlled synthesis of carbon nanotube can be realized easily, more be conducive to Single Walled Carbon Nanotube and there is the generation of the carbon nanotube compared with long structure.In addition, in the present invention, carbon nanotube mainly obtains in pipe core outlet, and the upper outlet simultaneously in two high-temperature hot source regions also can obtain part carbon nanotube, and this will increase the output of carbon nanotube further.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.
Claims (7)
1. the controllable flame burner of a synthesizing carbon nanotubes, it is characterized in that, comprise the straight pipe of bilayer of mutually nested up/down perforation, Reactive Synthesis district centered by the region that the straight pipe of internal layer surrounds, the region segmentation of surrounding between the straight pipe of internal layer and the straight pipe of skin is high-temperature hot source region and subcooling district, the upper outlet of the straight pipe of described bilayer is carbon nanotube sampling area, the end opening in described central reaction synthesis district is reactant gas mixture, the entrance of rare gas element and nano-catalyst particles, the end opening in described high-temperature hot source region is the entrance of flammable premixed gas, the end opening in described subcooling district is the entrance of cooling gas.
2. the controllable flame burner of synthesizing carbon nanotubes according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described high-temperature hot source region and subcooling district have 2 respectively, and 2 high-temperature hot source regions are arranged symmetrically with, and 2 subcooling districts are arranged symmetrically with.
3. the controllable flame burner of synthesizing carbon nanotubes according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the outlet of the straight pipe of described internal layer is concordant with the outlet of the straight pipe of described skin;
Described cooling gas is rare gas element or air, and described carbon nanotube sampling area is for collecting the carbon nano-tube material of synthesis.
4. utilize a method for the controllable flame burner synthesizing carbon nanotubes described in claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that, comprise step:
After inflammable gas and air or oxygen premix, be passed into described high-temperature hot source region, after ignition, produce symmetrical stationary flame, carbon nanotube is provided to synthesize necessary stable high temperature heat source to described central reaction synthesis district, generating portion carbon nanotube simultaneously;
Meanwhile, cooling gas is passed into described subcooling district to control the temperature in described central reaction synthesis district;
Simultaneously; reaction mixture gas body, rare gas element and nano-catalyst particles after premix is passed in described central reaction synthesis district; carbon nanotube is provided to synthesize necessary stable carbon-source gas and nano-catalyst particles; at high temperature there is scission reaction; produce the active atoms of carbon of free state, under the protection of rare gas element, be combined rapidly with nano-catalyst particles; become the growth core of carbon nanotube and constantly grow, finally forming carbon nanotube.
5. the method for synthesizing carbon nanotubes according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described inflammable gas is carbonaceous gas, comprises methane, ethene, acetylene and/or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG);
Described rare gas element is argon or helium;
Described nano-catalyst particles is transition-metal catalyst particle, and described transition-metal catalyst particle is nickeliferous, iron or cobalt element;
Described reaction mixture gas body is carbonaceous gas, comprises ethene, acetylene, ethane, carbon monoxide and/or hydrogen.
6. the method for synthesizing carbon nanotubes according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the bleeding iron of described carbon nanotube is metal probe, metal flat substrate, metallic spheric surface substrate and/or wire cloth.
7. the method for synthesizing carbon nanotubes according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the temperature of combustion in described high-temperature hot source region is between 550 DEG C ~ 1250 DEG C.
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| CN107619036A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-01-23 | 北京化工大学 | The method that burning is oriented to quick preparation structure ordered carbon nanotube array |
| CN107782480A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-03-09 | 北京石油化工学院 | A kind of method of testing and device of the hybrid thing minimum ignition energy amount of combustible dust/fuel gas |
| CN112473554A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-03-12 | 华中科技大学 | Prevent sedimentary nanometer particle of wall surface granule and generate device |
| CN113422045A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-09-21 | 河南城建学院 | Device and method for preparing carbon-based nano composite electrode material through sectional combustion |
| CN114162806A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-03-11 | 北京石油化工学院 | Flame-controllable symmetrically-distributed combustor and method for synthesizing carbon nano tube by using same |
| CN115285974A (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2022-11-04 | 安徽建马防护用品科技有限公司 | Method and device for manufacturing alkene carbon material |
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