CN104625022B - A kind of method of field trash in transverse magnetic field directional solidification purification metal - Google Patents
A kind of method of field trash in transverse magnetic field directional solidification purification metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN104625022B CN104625022B CN201510034457.9A CN201510034457A CN104625022B CN 104625022 B CN104625022 B CN 104625022B CN 201510034457 A CN201510034457 A CN 201510034457A CN 104625022 B CN104625022 B CN 104625022B
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- field trash
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/02—Use of electric or magnetic effects
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method that field trash in metal is purified under transverse magnetic field.There is Seebeck effects in directional solidification process, if applying transverse magnetic field, magnetic field and Interaction Law of Electric Current produce thermoelectricity magnetic force and thermoelectricity magnetic current is dynamic, this power or this flowing make field trash under liquid phase mobilization segregation in crucible side.Obtain the oriented freezing organization of field trash changes in spatial distribution.The main points of process of the present invention are：Whole directional solidification process is in 0 ~ 1T of horizontal transverse field（Tesla）It is lower to complete, sample uses the speed of the downward pull of sample in elongated alloy bar, directional solidification to be 1 ~ 100 μm/s, after the stabilization sub stage is grown into, rapid pull in sample in cooling medium is quenched, and finally gives the oriented freezing organization of field trash changes in spatial distribution.Field trash is removed by the method for physics cutting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of new method for purifying metal, i.e., using in device for directionally solidifying purification metal under transverse magnetic field
The method of field trash, belongs to metallurgical removal of impurities studying technological domain.
Background technology
Field trash has a great impact for the performance of metal, such as has a strong impact on the mechanical property of metal, reduction metal
Mobility and casting character, make metal defect easily occur, while can also reduce the corrosion resistance of metal.
The method that industry at present is used to remove field trash mainly has, flux method, Gas Stirring method, filtration method, electromagnetism separation
Method.Wherein solvent method needs rational flux component and fluxes treatment technologies adaptable therewith to ensure the heating power of flux refining
Learn and dynamic conditions, make flux and metal bath that there are good contact conditions, give full play to the work of flux removal of inclusions
With its technique is simple, with low cost, but its removing to field trash has specific aim, and is readily incorporated new impurity.Gas
Paddling process is by inert gas（Ar、N2Deng）It is passed through in melt, the characteristics of capturing field trash using bubble removal of inclusions, but blows
The bubble that gas is produced is difficult the capture less field trash of size, it is difficult to reach preferable clean-up effect, it is impossible to meet high-performance conjunction
The need for gold.Filtration method is exactly to make melt flow bond through screen pack, ceramic foam filter, particle deep-bed filter and particle to make pottery
The rigid medias such as porcelain, the field trash that these rigid medias can be captured in melt is removed it, and its advantage is strong adaptability, operation letter
Just, but its using service life it is shorter, filter cost is higher, and be difficult to meet continuous operation requirement, influence production effect
Rate.Electromagnetic separation is because the conductivity difference of field trash and metal bath makes field trash and melt point under electromagnetic field effect
From so that the method removed, though have the advantages that it is efficient, stably, it is clean, its operation is complex, and production cost is higher.
The content of the invention
In view of the deficienciess of the prior art, purifying metal it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of transverse magnetic field directional solidification
The method and apparatus of middle field trash.The theoretical foundation of this method is Seebeck effects, and the metal under molten condition is applied laterally
Magnetic field, the equally distributed field trash of disperse is influenceed by thermoelectricity magnetic force or thermoelectricity magnetic current in melt in the presence of transverse magnetic field
To crucible side segregation.Carry out removing field trash segregation part by the method for physics cutting again.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of method of field trash in utilization transverse magnetic field device for directionally solidifying purification metal, detailed process and step are such as
Under：
A. selection contains Particulate Inclusion raw metal, and raw material is cut into a diameter of 3mm length for 150mm using wire cutting
Rod-like samples alloy and be encapsulated in internal diameter be 3mm corundum crucible in；
B. traditional conventional device for directionally solidifying is put into electromagnet, corundum crucible is positioned over to the drawing of device for directionally solidifying
, can be for vertical movement in heating furnace on bar；By sample alloy heating and melting and be incubated 0.5 hour after, open transverse magnetic
, transverse field strength is 0.01 ~ 1T, and sample alloy is moved down under magnetic fields using fixed rate as 1 ~ 100 μm.Sample
The heating furnace center furnace temperature of product alloy is 900 DEG C, and thermograde is 68K/cm.
C. after a period of time, sample alloy is quickly pulled into Ga-In-Sn quenching baths and quenched, obtain field trash point
The metal that cloth changes with space.
The conventional device for directionally solidifying of tradition of the method for functionally gradient material (FGM), including protective atmosphere input are prepared using transverse magnetic field
Pipe, water cold sleeve, heating furnace, temperature regulating device, alloy bar sample, superconduction kicker magnet, quenching bath, corundum crucible and pull bar；Put
The corundum crucible for being equipped with alloy bar sample is placed in heating furnace；Water cold sleeve, superconduction kicker magnet are installed on the outside of heating furnace
The outside of water cold sleeve is placed in, and magnetic direction and directional solidification direction are perpendicular；Solid liquid interface during alloy directionally solidified
It is placed in the steady region of superconduction kicker magnet；Heating furnace connection temperature regulating device controls its temperature；Have on heating furnace top one be passed through it is lazy
The protective atmosphere input pipe of property gas；Pull bar is connected with corundum crucible；Quenching bath is located at below heating furnace.
The principle of the present invention is the thermoelectricity magnetic effect produced based on Seebeck effects and its under transverse magnetic field.When two
Seebeck coefficients（ηs,ηl）Different material upper and lower ends are respectively connected together, and have thermograde Δ between two nodes
A thermoelectrical potential will be produced in T, loop and thermocurrent is formed.Magnetic field and thermocurrent interaction will produce Lorentz force,
That is thermoelectricity magnetic force.This power will make charged particle and interdendritic liquid phase move and flow along the force direction.When field trash is not lead
During electric particle, field trash under liquid phase mobilization segregation in crucible side；When field trash is conductive particle, conductive field trash
By thermoelectricity magneticaction deviation crucible side.
Seebeck effects produce temperature difference heat potential, and temperature difference heat potential causes the generation of thermocurrent in primary phase and melt（Such as
Fig. 1（It is left）It is shown）, it is assumed that the thermocurrent acted on dendrite is, the thermocurrent acted in the melt of periphery is, then have：
(1)
(2)
In formulaWithElectrical conductivity respectively in solid phase and liquid phase,WithThe respectively temperature difference heat of solid phase and liquid phase
Potential,WithIt is the volume fraction of solid phase and liquid phase respectively,GFor the thermograde in the liquid phase of solid liquid interface forward position.By formula (1)
In electric current bring Lorentz force equation intoLiquid phase solution can be obtained and the active force suffered by solid phase dendrite is respectively：
(3)
(4)
By consulting the physical parameter of alloy, it is estimated that under known thermograde, thermocurrentNumber
Magnitude reaches 103A/m2.In magnetic field intensity under 0.5 T horizontal transverse field effect, the liquid phase in solid liquid interface forward position is in thermoelectricity magnetic
The thermoelectricity magnetic current that certain orientation is formed in the presence of power is moved, and this flowing makes non-conductive field trash carry out segregation to side.Thermoelectricity
Magnetic flow direction may determine that by left hand rule, as shown in Figure 1.
For conductive field trash, Seebeck effects produce temperature difference heat potential, and temperature difference heat potential causes conductive field trash and molten
The generation of thermocurrent in body（As shown in Figure 2）.The electric current produced on field trashFor
(5)
Understood according to electric current and magnetic coupling effect
(6)
(7)
Field trash may determine that by thermoelectricity magnetic force direction by left hand rule, as shown in Figure 2.Field trash is illustrated with mobile
Figure is as shown in Figure 3.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is with substantive distinguishing features prominent as follows and significantly progressive：
This method is the new method that a kind of transverse magnetic field prepares functionally gradient material (FGM) in the molten state, and the present invention is solidifying in metal orientation
Admittedly applying horizontal transverse field, in the presence of transverse magnetic field by the effect of thermoelectricity magnetic effect segregation is occurred for field trash, and can
So that the distribution of field trash can be controlled by the application in magnetic field, its segregation is set to be gone again by the method for physics cutting to side
Remove.It can play a part of purifying metal.As long as this method applies horizontal in present industrial widely used high speed process of setting
To magnetic field with regard to that can achieve the goal, equipment is simple and easily operated while do not polluted to environment, cleans, and can operate continuously,
Production efficiency can be improved.Enter that present principles utilize due to it is Seebeck effects, so the size to field trash is not required,
Tiny field trash is can remove, the degree of purification of metal is greatly improved.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of non-conductive field trash in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic of conductive field trash in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the effect simulation figure of conductive field trash in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the simple structure schematic diagram of the Bridgman method device for directionally solidifying of the inventive method.Wherein 1- water collars
It is firm that pipe, 2- heating furnaces, 3- alloy bars sample, 4- superconductions kicker magnet, 5- alloy bars have solidified part, 6- quenching baths, 7- pull bars, 8-
Beautiful crucible, 9- recirculated waters delivery port, 10- recirculated water water inlets.
Fig. 5 is respectively that Al-Ti-B alloys magnetic field intensity under transverse magnetic field is 0T（a）It is 0.8T with magnetic field intensity（b）When
Solidified structure metallographic structure photo.
Fig. 6 is respectively that Al-18wt%Si alloys magnetic field intensity under transverse magnetic field is 0T（a）It is 0.8T with magnetic field intensity（b）
When solidified structure metallographic structure photo.
Embodiment
Al-Ti-B alloys and Al-18wt%Si alloys has been selected to be proved according to the electric conductivity of field trash.With reference to attached
After the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in by figure.
Embodiment 1
Selection contains Al-Ti-B alloys as raw material, and raw material is cut into a diameter of 3mm length for 150mm using wire cutting
Metal bar and be encapsulated in internal diameter be 3mm corundum crucible in；Corundum crucible is on pull bar, pull bar connection directional solidification
Servo pull system.Design makes the solid liquid interface of sample be in the steady magnetic field region of transverse-electromagnetic body, and device for directionally solidifying is
Typical Bridgman devices.The pulling rate that servo pull system is set is 10 μm/s, thermograde is 68K/cm, is 0T in intensity
With solidification is oriented under 0.8T transverse magnetic field.By sample alloy heating and melting and be incubated 0.5 hour after, open transverse magnetic
,.The heating furnace center furnace temperature of sample alloy is 900 DEG C, and thermograde is 68K/cm.The sample of directional solidification is in pull 8cm
Afterwards, stable growth district is reached, is at this moment quickly pulled into Ga-In-Sn quenching baths and is quenched with a larger pulling rate.Gained is determined
To solidification sample below solid liquid interface, symmetrically cut perpendicular to magnetic direction, obtain the longitudinal section sample of tissues observed, inlay
After sample, by grinding, post-etching tissues observed is polished, as shown in Figure 5.
Embodiment 2
The process and step and above-described embodiment 1 of the present embodiment are essentially identical.It is particular in that：The alloy used for
Al-18wt%Si.Gained it is as shown in Figure 6 in macrograph.
Two examples are used as research object using Al-Ti-B alloys and Al-18wt%Si alloys respectively.Conductive particle in Fig. 5
Al3Ti and TiB2Segregation is to side after transverse magnetic field is added, into spatial gradient distribution.Non-conductive Si particles in Fig. 6 are in transverse direction
Segregation is to side under magnetic fields, into spatial gradient distribution.So as to be removed using the method for physics cutting.
Claims (1)
1. the method for field trash in a kind of transverse magnetic field directional solidification purification metal, it is characterised in that as follows the step of this method：
A. selection contains field trash raw metal, and it is the bar-shaped of 150mm that raw material is cut into a diameter of 3mm length using wire cutting
Sample alloy is simultaneously encapsulated in the corundum crucible that internal diameter is 3mm；
B. conventional device for directionally solidifying is put into electromagnet, corundum crucible is positioned on the pull bar of device for directionally solidifying, made
It can be for vertical movement in heating furnace；By sample alloy heating and melting and be incubated 0.5 hour after, open transverse magnetic field, laterally
Magnetic field intensity is 0.01 ~ 1T, and sample alloy is moved down under magnetic fields by 1 ~ 100 μm/s of fixed rate；Sample is closed
The heating furnace center furnace temperature of gold is 900 DEG C, and thermograde is 68K/cm；Produced based on Seebbeck effects and its under transverse magnetic field
The thermocurrent interaction that raw thermoelectricity magnetic effect, magnetic field and thermoelectricity magnetic effect are produced will produce Lorentz force, i.e. thermoelectricity magnetic force,
Charged particle and interdendritic liquid phase is set to move and flow along the thermoelectricity magnetic force direction, when field trash is non-conductive particle,
Field trash under liquid phase mobilization segregation in crucible side；When field trash is conductive particle, conductive field trash is by thermoelectricity
Magneticaction deviation crucible side；
C. after a period of time, after pull system is by the sample alloy pull 8cm, sample alloy is quickly pulled into Ga-In-
Quenched in Sn quenching baths, obtain the metal that inclusion distribution changes with space；
D. field trash segregation part is removed by the method for physics cutting.
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105108093B (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2017-03-08 | 青岛理工大学 | The physical simulating method of the non-metallic inclusion characteristics of motion in continuous cast mold under stirring the action of a magnetic field |
| GB201811413D0 (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-08-29 | Univ Birmingham | Aluminium purification |
| CN109881029A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-06-14 | 上海大学 | A kind of Ni prepared using magnetic field3Al matrix composite alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN110117761A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-08-13 | 上海大学 | A method of reducing alloy graining process microsegregation |
| CN111378812B (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2021-03-23 | 上海大学 | Heat treatment method for improving proportion of metal zigzag grain boundaries and heat treatment system used by heat treatment method |
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| JPS62227569A (en) * | 1986-03-31 | 1987-10-06 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Undirectional solidification apparatus |
| JP2003064424A (en) * | 2001-08-23 | 2003-03-05 | Univ Nagoya | Solidifying method for solvent material, and solvent material solidifying apparatus |
| CN101549395A (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2009-10-07 | 上海大学 | Method of reducing alloy element segregation in high temperature alloy oriented freezing organization |
| CN102373351A (en) * | 2011-10-26 | 2012-03-14 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for preparing high-purity silicon and aluminum silicon alloy by electromagnetic method |
| CN103056347A (en) * | 2013-01-09 | 2013-04-24 | 上海大学 | Method for controlling dendritic crystal orientation of oriented solidification structure by high-intensity magnetic field |
| CN103990780A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-08-20 | 上海大学 | Method for manufacturing gradient materials under transverse magnetic field and directional solidification device |
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2015
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Patent Citations (6)
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| JPS62227569A (en) * | 1986-03-31 | 1987-10-06 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Undirectional solidification apparatus |
| JP2003064424A (en) * | 2001-08-23 | 2003-03-05 | Univ Nagoya | Solidifying method for solvent material, and solvent material solidifying apparatus |
| CN101549395A (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2009-10-07 | 上海大学 | Method of reducing alloy element segregation in high temperature alloy oriented freezing organization |
| CN102373351A (en) * | 2011-10-26 | 2012-03-14 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for preparing high-purity silicon and aluminum silicon alloy by electromagnetic method |
| CN103056347A (en) * | 2013-01-09 | 2013-04-24 | 上海大学 | Method for controlling dendritic crystal orientation of oriented solidification structure by high-intensity magnetic field |
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