CN104622443A - Sleep detection system, intelligent pillow and sleep detection method - Google Patents
Sleep detection system, intelligent pillow and sleep detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104622443A CN104622443A CN201510042673.8A CN201510042673A CN104622443A CN 104622443 A CN104622443 A CN 104622443A CN 201510042673 A CN201510042673 A CN 201510042673A CN 104622443 A CN104622443 A CN 104622443A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4806—Sleep evaluation
- A61B5/4815—Sleep quality
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/0205—Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4806—Sleep evaluation
- A61B5/4809—Sleep detection, i.e. determining whether a subject is asleep or not
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4806—Sleep evaluation
- A61B5/4812—Detecting sleep stages or cycles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4806—Sleep evaluation
- A61B5/4818—Sleep apnoea
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F5/00—Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices; Anti-rape devices
- A61F5/56—Devices for preventing snoring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
- A61B5/6814—Head
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/683—Means for maintaining contact with the body
- A61B5/6835—Supports or holders, e.g., articulated arms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7203—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7225—Details of analog processing, e.g. isolation amplifier, gain or sensitivity adjustment, filtering, baseline or drift compensation
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Nursing (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a sleep detection system. The sleep detection system comprises a sleep detection terminal and a signal processing terminal which are separately arranged, wherein the sleep detection terminal comprises a microphone sensor and a sleep physiological signal acquisition module; the output end of the microphone sensor is connected with the input end of the sleep physiological signal acquisition module; the output end of the sleep physiological signal acquisition module is in wireless connection with the signal processing terminal. The invention also provides an intelligent pillow. The invention also provides a sleep detection method. The sleep detection system, the intelligent pillow and the sleep detection method have the advantages that on one hand, the cost is reduced; on the other hand, the non-contact type detection is achieved, so that the comfort level is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sleep detection apparatus, particularly relate to a kind of sleep detection system, intelligent pillow and sleep detection method.
Background technology
The people of present insomnia gets more and more.Insomnia people can accumulate to insomnia uneasiness sense and pressure, therefore have a sleepless night more and more serious.
The sleep detection product having now some to hang over wrist is released, can because of touching skin, so give the sensation of a kind of inconvenience of people.
Also have some to be mounted in sleep detection product on bed, but price comparison is expensive.
Therefore, how to design that a kind of to realize contactless and cheap sleep detection product be problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of sleep detection system, intelligent pillow and sleep detection method.
The invention provides a kind of sleep detection system, comprise the sleep detection end and signal processing terminal that are separated and arrange, described sleep detection end comprises microphone sensor and sleep physiology signal acquisition module, the outfan of described microphone sensor is connected with the input of described sleep physiology signal acquisition module, and the outfan of described sleep physiology signal acquisition module is connected with described signal processing terminal wireless.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described sleep physiology signal acquisition module comprises signal filter, signal amplifier, processor, memorizer and wireless transport module, the outfan of described microphone sensor is connected with the input of described signal filter, the outfan of described signal filter is connected with the input of described signal amplifier, the outfan of described signal filter is connected with described processor, described processor respectively with described memorizer, wireless transport module connects, described processor is connected with described signal processing terminal by described wireless transport module.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described signal filter comprises pulse signal filter, breath signal filter and displacement signal filter, described signal amplifier comprises the first amplifier, second amplifier and the 3rd amplifier, the outfan of described microphone sensor respectively with described pulse signal filter, breath signal filter, the input of displacement signal filter connects, the outfan of described pulse signal filter is connected with the input of described first amplifier, the outfan of described first amplifier is connected with the input of described processor, the outfan of described breath signal filter is connected with the input of described second amplifier, the outfan of described second amplifier is connected with the input of described processor, the outfan of institute's displacement signal filter is connected with the input of described 3rd amplifier, the outfan of described 3rd amplifier is connected with the input of described processor.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described processor is connected with analog-digital converter, and the outfan of described analog-digital converter is connected with described memorizer.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described wireless transport module is bluetooth module.
Present invention also offers a kind of intelligent pillow, comprise as the sleep detection system according to any one of above-mentioned, described sleep detection end is arranged in described intelligent pillow.
As a further improvement on the present invention, the bottom of described intelligent pillow is provided with liquid line backing plate, described liquid line backing plate comprises liquid line and pressure transmission module, and described liquid line is arranged on described pressure transmission module, and described liquid line is corresponding with described microphone sensor.
Present invention also offers a kind of sleep detection method, comprise the following steps:
S1, gather sleep physiology signal by microphone sensor, and be transferred to signal filter;
S2, to be filtered out by the noise of signal filter by sleep physiology signal, and be transferred to signal amplifier;
S3, by signal amplifier, sleep physiology signal to be amplified, and be transferred to analog-digital converter;
S4, sleep physiology signal are analogue signal, convert analogue signal to digital signal, and be saved in memorizer by analog-digital converter;
S5, at regular intervals, reads out data by processor and is wirelessly transmitted to the signal processing terminal of far-end from memorizer.
As a further improvement on the present invention, in step S1, by liquid line by audio signal transmission to microphone sensor, this audio signal is sleep physiology signal.
As a further improvement on the present invention, in step s 2, filtered out by the noise of pulse signal filter by sleep physiology signal, and be transferred to the first amplifier; Filtered out by the noise of breath signal filter by sleep physiology signal, and be transferred to the second amplifier; Filtered out by the noise of displacement signal filter by sleep physiology signal, and be transferred to the 3rd amplifier; In step s3, amplify sleep physiology signal respectively by the first amplifier, the second amplifier and the 3rd amplifier, and be transferred to analog-digital converter.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: pass through such scheme, sleep physiology signal is gathered by lower-cost microphone sensor, and by sleep physiology signal acquisition module, sleep physiology signal filtered, amplify and be converted to digital signal and store, and by this sleep physiology signal acquisition module, the digital signal of storage is transported to the signal processing terminal of far-end, on the one hand, reduce cost, on the other hand, can realize non-contact detection, comfort level is higher.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the hardware block diagram of a kind of sleep detection system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the collecting flowchart figure of a kind of sleep detection system of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of a kind of intelligent pillow of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the use schematic diagram of a kind of intelligent pillow of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the decomposition texture schematic diagram of a kind of intelligent pillow of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the signal waveforms that a kind of sleep detection system of the present invention is collected by microphone sensor;
Fig. 7 is the signal waveforms of a kind of sleep detection system of the present invention from the Signal separator sleep coherent signal gathered;
Fig. 8 is that the noise of a kind of sleep detection system of the present invention filters chart;
Fig. 9 is the final chart of a kind of sleep detection of the present invention system.
Detailed description of the invention
Illustrate below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and detailed description of the invention the present invention is further described.
Drawing reference numeral in Fig. 1 to Fig. 9 is: intelligent pillow 1; Microphone sensor 2; Sleep physiology signal acquisition module 3; Signal processing terminal 4; Liquid line backing plate 5; Liquid line 6.
As shown in Figures 1 to 9, a kind of sleep detection system, comprise the sleep detection end and signal processing terminal 4 that are separated and arrange, described sleep detection end comprises microphone sensor 2 and sleep physiology signal acquisition module 3, the outfan of described microphone sensor 2 is connected with the input of described sleep physiology signal acquisition module 3, the outfan of described sleep physiology signal acquisition module 3 and the wireless connections of described signal processing terminal 4.
As shown in Figures 1 to 9, described sleep physiology signal acquisition module 3 comprises signal filter, signal amplifier, processor 38, memorizer 39 and wireless transport module, the outfan of described microphone sensor 2 is connected with the input of described signal filter, the outfan of described signal filter is connected with the input of described signal amplifier, the outfan of described signal filter is connected with described processor 38, described processor 38 respectively with described memorizer 39, wireless transport module connects, described processor 38 is connected with described signal processing terminal 4 by described wireless transport module.
As shown in Figures 1 to 9, signal filter is preferably 2 Butterworth low-frequency filters of MV344.
As shown in Figures 1 to 9, described signal filter comprises pulse signal filter 31, breath signal filter 32 and displacement signal filter 33, described signal amplifier comprises the first amplifier 34, second amplifier 35 and the 3rd amplifier 36, the outfan of described microphone sensor 2 respectively with described pulse signal filter 31, breath signal filter 32, the input of displacement signal filter 33 connects, the outfan of described pulse signal filter 31 is connected with the input of described first amplifier 34, the outfan of described first amplifier 34 is connected with the input of described processor 38, the outfan of described breath signal filter 32 is connected with the input of described second amplifier 35, the outfan of described second amplifier 35 is connected with the input of described processor 38, the outfan of institute's displacement signal filter 33 is connected with the input of described 3rd amplifier 36, the outfan of described 3rd amplifier 36 is connected with the input of described processor 38.
As shown in Figures 1 to 9, described processor 38 is connected with analog-digital converter 37, and the outfan of described analog-digital converter 37 is connected with described memorizer 39.
As shown in Figures 1 to 9, described memorizer 39 is preferably TF card.
As shown in Figures 1 to 9, described wireless transport module is preferably bluetooth module 310 or wifi module.
As shown in Figures 1 to 9, described processor 38 collection per second 120 sample datas also carry out analog to digital conversion, and the digital signal changed is written to TF card.Each hour reads the data of TF card and sends to signal processing terminal 4 by bluetooth module 310.Described processor 38 receives Bluetooth signal from signal processing terminal 4 and controls the switch of sleep detection end according to signal.
As shown in Figures 1 to 9, described signal processing terminal 4 is preferably the portable mobile such as mobile phone, panel computer intelligent terminal.
As shown in Figures 1 to 9, described signal processing terminal 4 is bluetooth modules, utilizes RTL8723AS module to carry out UART communication with MCU control module.Described signal processing terminal 4 is provided with sleep quality and detects App, and comprise and calculate the length of one's sleep, REM and NREM length of one's sleep, time of wakeing up, assessment Sleep efficiency is also shown to user.
As shown in Figures 1 to 9, present invention also offers a kind of intelligent pillow 1, comprise as the sleep detection system according to any one of above-mentioned, described sleep detection end is arranged in described intelligent pillow 1.
As shown in Figures 1 to 9, the bottom of described intelligent pillow 1 is provided with liquid line backing plate 5, described liquid line backing plate 5 comprises liquid line 6 and pressure transmission module, and described liquid line 6 is arranged on described pressure transmission module, and described liquid line 6 is corresponding with described microphone sensor 2.
As shown in Figures 1 to 9, various noise filtration problem is there will be when utilizing cheap microphone sensor 2 to gather physiological signal, and the method that the present invention takes is not contact, but it is contactless, so gather correct signal to need the scheme that employing effectiveness is very high, for this reason, intelligent pillow 1 underneath liquid line backing plate 5 and allow audio signal correctly be arrived the microphone sensor 2 being arranged on the side of intelligent pillow 1 by liquid line 6.In order to filter unnecessarily signal band, according to object frequency composition pulse signal filter 31, breath signal filter 32 and displacement signal filter 33, namely pulse signal, breath signal, displacement signal adopt the band division filter section separation signal of 0.1 ~ 1Hz, 1 ~ 2Hz, 11 ~ 16Hz respectively, signal amplification is realized by the first amplifier 34, second amplifier 35 and the 3rd amplifier 36 respectively, and processor 38 is preferably dsPIC30f3014 chip.Processor 38 converts digital signal by the analog-digital converter 37 of chip to analogue signal and is saved in interim memorizer 39(such as TF card), per hourly by bluetooth module 310, the physiological signal of preservation is sent to signal processing terminal 4.
As shown in Figures 1 to 9, present invention also offers a kind of sleep detection method, comprise the following steps:
S1, gather sleep physiology signal by microphone sensor 2, and be transferred to signal filter;
S2, to be filtered out by the noise of signal filter by sleep physiology signal, and be transferred to signal amplifier;
S3, by signal amplifier, sleep physiology signal to be amplified, and be transferred to analog-digital converter 37;
S4, sleep physiology signal are analogue signal, convert analogue signal to digital signal by analog-digital converter 37, and are saved in memorizer 39;
S5, every one hour, from memorizer 39, read out data by processor 38 and be wirelessly transmitted to the signal processing terminal 4 of far-end.
As shown in Figures 1 to 9, in step S1, by liquid line 6 by audio signal transmission to microphone sensor 2, this audio signal is sleep physiology signal.
As shown in Figures 1 to 9, in step s 2, filtered out by the noise of pulse signal filter 31 by sleep physiology signal, and be transferred to the first amplifier 34; Filtered out by the noise of breath signal filter 32 by sleep physiology signal, and be transferred to the second amplifier 35; Filtered out by the noise of displacement signal filter 33 by sleep physiology signal, and be transferred to the 3rd amplifier 36; In step s3, amplify sleep physiology signal respectively by the first amplifier 34, second amplifier 35 and the 3rd amplifier 36, and be transferred to analog-digital converter 37.
As shown in Figures 1 to 9, gathered process and the sleep signal conversion process of heart normal pulse breath signal by common microphone sensor 2, gather the head of the sleep detection end mediate contact people of physiological signal.General sleep detection equipment is all by the contact detection sleep quality of the skins such as wrist, and the present invention detects sleep quality by the mode not contacting skin, and the electronic component utilizing cost low achieves the detection system of high-quality, low cost.
As shown in Figures 1 to 9, the collection and utilization microphone sensor 2 of physiological signal realizes, and in order to detect sleep quality, the detection of E.E.G is necessary.In general the high-quality detection module just handy Infrasound Microphone that can gather 0.1Hz ~ 200Hz signal is formed, but the price of these high-quality mikes is all generally more than 3000 Euros, so ordinary people cannot afford utilize the checkout equipment of these mikes, be difficult to carry out commercialization.
As shown in Figures 1 to 9, in order to user can at signal processing terminal 4 sleep quality, App application in signal processing terminal 4 receives sleep signal it is shown to user by bluetooth, WiFi, can add for snoring, the module of the situation such as asphyxia.
A kind of sleep detection system provided by the invention, intelligent pillow 1 and sleep detection method, the sleep detection end that sleep signal detects is installed inside intelligent pillow 1, and by sleep detection end monitoring record sleep quality, to improve sleep quality and to prevent various situations such as snoring, the present invention utilizes common microphone sensor 2 to gather physiological signal (heart arteries and veins, breathing etc.), realizes non-contact detection, commercialization and cost degradation.
A kind of sleep detection system provided by the invention, intelligent pillow 1 and sleep detection method have the following advantages:
The implementation of the cheap sleep detection equipment 1, providing common people to buy, and check sleep quality by the equipment such as mobile phone, panel computer;
2, because be contactless, checkout equipment can not affect people sleep and also can not to the unhappy sensation of people;
3, the sleep quality that hospital also can grasp oneself and kinsfolk is not spent;
4, the sleep disorder of oneself is understood by the sleep quality that detects, to find ameliorative way;
5, identify and deal with and snore, to reduce the impact on other people sleep;
6, identification of breathing stops preventing life danger.
Above content is in conjunction with concrete preferred implementation further description made for the present invention, can not assert that specific embodiment of the invention is confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, all should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a sleep detection system, it is characterized in that: comprise the sleep detection end and signal processing terminal that are separated and arrange, described sleep detection end comprises microphone sensor and sleep physiology signal acquisition module, the outfan of described microphone sensor is connected with the input of described sleep physiology signal acquisition module, and the outfan of described sleep physiology signal acquisition module is connected with described signal processing terminal wireless.
2. sleep detection system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described sleep physiology signal acquisition module comprises signal filter, signal amplifier, processor, memorizer and wireless transport module, the outfan of described microphone sensor is connected with the input of described signal filter, the outfan of described signal filter is connected with the input of described signal amplifier, the outfan of described signal filter is connected with described processor, described processor respectively with described memorizer, wireless transport module connects, described processor is connected with described signal processing terminal by described wireless transport module.
3. sleep detection system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described signal filter comprises pulse signal filter, breath signal filter and displacement signal filter, described signal amplifier comprises the first amplifier, second amplifier and the 3rd amplifier, the outfan of described microphone sensor respectively with described pulse signal filter, breath signal filter, the input of displacement signal filter connects, the outfan of described pulse signal filter is connected with the input of described first amplifier, the outfan of described first amplifier is connected with the input of described processor, the outfan of described breath signal filter is connected with the input of described second amplifier, the outfan of described second amplifier is connected with the input of described processor, the outfan of institute's displacement signal filter is connected with the input of described 3rd amplifier, the outfan of described 3rd amplifier is connected with the input of described processor.
4. sleep detection system according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described processor is connected with analog-digital converter, the outfan of described analog-digital converter is connected with described memorizer.
5. sleep detection system according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described wireless transport module is bluetooth module.
6. an intelligent pillow, is characterized in that: comprise the sleep detection system according to any one of claim 1 to 5, and described sleep detection end is arranged in described intelligent pillow.
7. intelligent pillow according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the bottom of described intelligent pillow is provided with liquid line backing plate, described liquid line backing plate comprises liquid line and pressure transmission module, described liquid line is arranged on described pressure transmission module, and described liquid line is corresponding with described microphone sensor.
8. a sleep detection method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S1, gather sleep physiology signal by microphone sensor, and be transferred to signal filter;
S2, to be filtered out by the noise of signal filter by sleep physiology signal, and be transferred to signal amplifier;
S3, by signal amplifier, sleep physiology signal to be amplified, and be transferred to analog-digital converter;
S4, sleep physiology signal are analogue signal, convert analogue signal to digital signal, and be saved in memorizer by analog-digital converter;
S5, at regular intervals, reads out data by processor and is wirelessly transmitted to the signal processing terminal of far-end from memorizer.
9. sleep detection method according to claim 8, is characterized in that: in step S1, by liquid line by audio signal transmission to microphone sensor, this audio signal is sleep physiology signal.
10. sleep detection method according to claim 8, is characterized in that: in step s 2, is filtered out, and be transferred to the first amplifier by the noise of pulse signal filter by sleep physiology signal; Filtered out by the noise of breath signal filter by sleep physiology signal, and be transferred to the second amplifier; Filtered out by the noise of displacement signal filter by sleep physiology signal, and be transferred to the 3rd amplifier; In step s3, amplify sleep physiology signal respectively by the first amplifier, the second amplifier and the 3rd amplifier, and be transferred to analog-digital converter.
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Cited By (1)
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CN109009149A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2018-12-18 | 王潇琢 | A kind of driving sleep monitoring device and monitoring method certainly |
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