CN104617573A - Natural converting type hybrid high-voltage DC circuit breaker - Google Patents
Natural converting type hybrid high-voltage DC circuit breaker Download PDFInfo
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- CN104617573A CN104617573A CN201510028735.XA CN201510028735A CN104617573A CN 104617573 A CN104617573 A CN 104617573A CN 201510028735 A CN201510028735 A CN 201510028735A CN 104617573 A CN104617573 A CN 104617573A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
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Abstract
The invention relates to a natural converting type hybrid high-voltage DC circuit breaker, and belongs to the field of DC circuit breakers applied to DC transmission distribution networks. The circuit breaker is formed by connecting a plurality of completely the same high-voltage DC circuit breaker modules in series though a disconnecting switch; each high-voltage DC circuit breaker module is on the basis of the natural converting type hybrid DC circuit breaker; each circuit breaker module comprises a main current branch, a main circuit breaker branch, an overvoltage protecting and energy absorbing branch and a measuring control system; the three branches are interconnected in parallel and are respectively connected with the measuring system; the measuring system controls the working time sequences of the three branches. According to the circuit breaker, active devices such as charging capacitor for assisting zero crossing are saved; the control is simple, the reliability is high, and the demand of domestic DC transmission network and DC distribution network on the DC circuit breaker can be met.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the DC circuit breaker field of direct current transmission and distribution network application, relate to a kind of nature commutation mixed DC circuit breaker based on Fast mechanical switch and power electronics solid-state switch, the matching problem of main consideration Fast mechanical switch and power electronics solid-state switch, relate to the design of mechanical switch fracture and the design of power electronics solid-state switch, and interrupting process principle and energy absorption process.
Background technology
In the face of the fast development of economic society, user proposes environmental friendliness, safe and reliable, Quality and economy support the requirement such as user and electrical network two-way interaction more to electric power system.Along with the development of the increasing rapidly of city size, distributed energy, and the increase of electric load kind, electric pressure for ± 20kV (high voltage direct current Distribution level) direct-flow distribution system below larger capacity electric power transfer, distributed energy access, provide in the reactive power compensation of AC system etc. and demonstrate obvious advantage, become present stage direct current system, especially flexible direct current system, at the key areas of urban distribution network for electricity consumption application aspect.In addition, the power distribution network based on direct current can also control meritorious, idle fast independently, and the propagation of isolation AC network fault, improves the power quality problem such as harmonic pollution, voltage interruption, waveform flickering that conventional AC power distribution network easily produces.Therefore, research has DC distribution netting gear that is safe and reliable, economic stability and has huge market value and economic worth, and for whole stability of power system, flexibility with intelligently also have important meaning, the prospect of following direct-flow distribution system is very wide.
At present, in DC transmission system, mainly through locking converter or cut-off AC circuit breaker to excise direct fault current.Be applied in DC distribution net according to existing method, whole direct-flow distribution system will be stopped transport in short-term, and cause enormous impact to the AC system of parallel running, the serious reliability reducing system power supply; And for ultra-high-tension power transmission line, owing to excising the limitation of fault, usually point-to-point mode can only be adopted.If apply the DC circuit breaker of ms extreme currents connecting-disconnecting function in direct-flow distribution system, the fault of excision DC equipment or direct current branch, then can ensure the stable operation of direct-flow distribution system non-faulting part, improve reliability greatly fast; Point-to-point DC power transmission line also easily extensible is direct current transportation net, and the extensive access for distributed energy provides convenient.
As shown in Figure 1, wherein total n breaker module series connection, be connected by isolating switch between adjacent two breaker modules, isolating switch is for the ease of model calling, modular debugging and maintenance to its structure of the high voltage DC breaker of current part.Isolating switch can comprise conventional vacuum circuit-breaker etc., belongs to series connection equipment needed thereby, by modularized design and series connection, can adjust breaker module series connection number according to the electric pressure of direct current system.
Fault current in direct current system cut-offs and mainly contains following difficulty:
One, because electric current in direct current system does not exist natural zero-crossing point, cut-off direct current according to traditional AC circuit breaker, arc extinguishing is very difficult;
Two, after breaking direct current, can produce very large overvoltage, a large amount of energy demands simultaneously stored in direct current system are absorbed;
Three, in direct current system, fault current will rise rapidly in several milliseconds, therefore DC circuit breaker needs in the rapid action of Millisecond, and disengagement failure before electric current to peaking, to prevent fault pervasion, device damage even direct current system off-the-line.
Traditional mechanical type circuit breaker, general employing AC circuit breaker superimposed oscillation electric current and energy absorbing device, force current zero crossing, realizes the function of breaking direct current.But AC circuit breaker branch wire time is tens to ms up to a hundred, and switch off time is long, can not meet the demand of quick-speed turning on-off direct fault current.The mechanical circuit breaker of tradition can not meet the requirement that existing direct current system cut-offs fault current.
Along with the development of power electronic technology and Fast mechanical switch technology, existingly meet the circuit breaker that direct current system cut-offs requirement and mainly contain three kinds of schemes: the artificial zero crossing circuit breaker based on Fast mechanical switch, the solid circuit breaker based on power electronic technology, nature commutation type hybrid circuit breaker based on power electronic technology and Fast mechanical switch technology.Three kinds of schemes are made comparisons with traditional mechanical type circuit breaker described before, as shown in table 1 below:
Table 1 four kinds of DC circuit breaker pluses and minuses compare
Existing artificial zero passage point-type circuit breaker, needs larger active capacitor, forms with inductor the nulling loop that manually vibrated, bulky, control complicated, reliability is lower, if failure of interruption is difficult to remedy.
The hybrid DC circuit breaker scheme that existing ABB etc. propose, primary current leg adopts mechanical switch and auxiliary switch series connection.Wherein auxiliary switch is electronic power switch, has larger conduction loss during normal operation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the weak point for overcoming prior art, propose the hybrid high voltage DC breaker of a kind of nature commutation type, circuit breaker of the present invention assists zero passage without the need for source device such as charging capacitor, has the advantage of solid circuit breaker.Simultaneously under normally state by mechanical switch as primary current leg, on-state loss is very little, does not need complicated cooling device reliably.Make control simple, reliability is higher.
The hybrid high voltage DC breaker of a kind of nature commutation type that the present invention proposes; be in series by isolating switch by multiple identical high voltage DC breaker module; it is characterized in that; described high voltage DC breaker module is based on nature commutation formula mixed DC circuit breaker; described each breaker module is made up of primary current leg, main circuit breaker branch road and overvoltage protection and energy absorption branch road and Measurement and Control System; these three branch roads are parallel with one another; this Measurement and Control System is connected with three branch roads respectively, in order to control the work schedule of three branch roads.
Described primary current leg can be made up of the high speed machine switch FCB of multiple series connection;
Described high speed machine switch can be made up of operating mechanism and arc control device.
Described main circuit breaker branch road can be connected by multiple power electronic device, and each power electronic device is parallel with dynamic voltage balancing element, static state voltage equipoise element and overvoltage protection element, is used for drop-out current.
Described power electronic device can adopt any one device for high-power power electronic among IGCT, IEGT, IGBT; Described dynamic voltage balancing element is for avoiding the damaged because device itself and the inconsistent single power electronic device overvoltage caused of drive singal are excessive, and described dynamic voltage balancing element adopts dynamic voltage balancing components and parts conventional in RC, RCD power electronic technology; Described static state voltage equipoise element, is mainly used between balance Tandem devices that leakage current is uneven in the off case, adopts resistance value to block the power resistor of resistance much smaller than described power electronic device; Described overvoltage protection element adopts lightning arrester to form.
Described overvoltage Limiting and energy absorption branch road can be made up of lightning arrester, for the overvoltage that the dump energy in circuit after absorbing switch OFF and limit switch are born.
Described Measurement and Control System can comprise multiple current sensor, multiple voltage sensor, multiple displacement transducer and the measuring-signal processing unit be made up of signal conditioning circuit, AD sample circuit, processor and human-computer interaction interface; Wherein, current sensor is connected the signal input part of the signal input part that ties up to breaker module and each branch road respectively; Voltage sensor is in parallel with each high speed machine switch FCB of primary current leg, each electric apparatus part respectively, and with overvoltage Limiting and energy absorption branch circuit parallel connection.
Institute's displacement sensors is arranged on each FCB place, for measuring the fracture disjunction distance of each FCB.
Described signal processing unit is connected with each transducer by holding wire, the holding wire of sensor-lodging, and the signal conditioning circuit of signal processing unit, high-speed AD, processor are connected successively with human-computer interaction interface; Described processor is according to the current data obtained through conditioning, AD conversion, and counting circuit current amplitude and rate of change di/dt, whether failure judgement electric current occurs, thus controls breaker actuation.
The nature commutation formula mixed DC breaker module that the present invention proposes, its advantage is:
1, the described high voltage DC breaker based on nature commutation formula mixed DC breaker module, can adjust the main circuit breaker branch circuit parallel connection quantity of serial number and individual module as required, thus adjustment voltage, current class.
2, the described high voltage DC breaker based on nature commutation formula mixed DC breaker module, primary current leg does not have solid-state switch as auxiliary switch, and therefore on-state loss is negligible, does not need complicated cooling system under normal operation.When cut-offfing, electric current transfers to power electronics branch road from mechanical switch under arcing, completes and cut-off.If need to improve the electric pressure of individual module, need to be connected multiple fracture or the series connection of multiple high-speed switch by single high-speed switch, ensure that realize arc current shifts when power electronic device serial number increases.
3, the described high voltage DC breaker based on nature commutation formula mixed DC breaker module, assists zero passage without the need for source device such as charging capacitor, and control simple, reliability is higher.
4. the present invention can meet China's direct current transportation net and DC distribution net to the demand of DC circuit breaker.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the modularization overall schematic of high voltage DC breaker of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is single breaker module structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is single breaker module measuring system voltage, current measurement point schematic diagram.
Current direction schematic diagram when Fig. 4 is single breaker module disjunction.
Fig. 5 is the current waveform schematic diagram of single breaker module turn off process.
Embodiment
The hybrid high voltage DC breaker of nature commutation type that the present invention proposes, as shown in Figure 1, wherein total n breaker module series connection, is connected by isolating switch between adjacent two modules its structure; Isolating switch is for the ease of model calling, modular debugging and maintenance.Isolating switch can comprise conventional vacuum circuit-breaker etc., belongs to series connection equipment needed thereby, by modularized design and series connection, can adjust breaker module series connection number according to the electric pressure of direct current system.
The single breaker module that the present invention proposes, its structure as shown in Figure 2.Mainly comprise primary current leg, main circuit breaker branch road, overvoltage Limiting and energy absorption branch road three branch roads and Measurement and Control System.Wherein Measurement and Control System as shown in Figure 3.(not shown), these three branch roads are parallel with one another, and this Measurement and Control System is connected with three branch roads respectively, in order to control the work schedule of three branch roads.
The embodiment of breaker module of the present invention is described as follows:
Described primary current leg is made up of the high speed machine switch FCB of multiple series connection, is the current path in direct current system safe operation situation, as shown in Fig. 2 upper dotted line frame.Each high speed machine switch of the present invention is made up of operating mechanism and arc control device, operating mechanism can be based on electromagnetic repulsion force speed-sensitive switch, based on high-speed electric expreess locomotive drive mechanical switch in any one.Arc control device can adopt in the arc control device such as vacuum interrupter, SF6 arc control device any one.The high speed machine switch that single operating mechanism can be used to drive multiple arc control device to form for the needs of arc voltage according to current transfer or several high speed machine switches be made up of operating mechanism and arc control device of connecting.Described Fast mechanical switch adopts electromagnetic repulsion force operating mechanism, can be implemented in 3ms and makes disjunction distance between vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber contact reach more than 8mm.The disjunction after signal sends of described Fast mechanical switch, produces vacuum arc between contact, and described vacuum arc-extinguishing chamber contact adopts Wu metal to be main material or other materials, and under small area analysis, arc voltage reaches more than 20V.
Described main circuit breaker props up the series connection of route multiple power electronic device, and each power electronic device is parallel with dynamic voltage balancing element, static state voltage equipoise element and overvoltage protection element, is used for drop-out current, as shown in dotted line frame in the middle part of Fig. 2.Described power electronic device can comprise the device for high-power power electronic such as IGCT, IEGT, IGBT, overvoltage in short-term when can bear static direct current system voltage after series connection and turn off.The dynamic voltage balancing element in parallel with each power electronic device is for avoiding the damaged because device itself and the inconsistent single power electronic device overvoltage caused of drive singal are excessive, and described dynamic voltage balancing element adopts and comprises dynamic voltage balancing components and parts conventional in the power electronic technology such as RC, RCD.The static state voltage equipoise element in parallel with each power electronic device, is mainly used between balance Tandem devices that leakage current is uneven in the off case, and the power resistor adopting resistance value to block resistance much smaller than described power electronic device is used as static state voltage equipoise element.The overvoltage protection element in parallel with each power electronic device adopts lightning arrester to form.The power electronic device quantity of main circuit breaker branch road series connection determines with needing total overvoltage of bearing according to the rated voltage of single power electronic device; The maximum current that power electronic device parallel element quantity in main circuit breaker branch road is cut-off by rated current and the needs of single power electronic device determines.
Described overvoltage Limiting and energy absorption prop up route lightning arrester composition, for the overvoltage that the dump energy in circuit after absorbing switch OFF and limit switch are born, as shown in Fig. 2 lower dotted line frame.
According to the breaker module serial number required for the electric pressure determination high voltage DC breaker of reality.In the present embodiment, the voltage of individual module is at more than 40kV, and drop-out current is at more than 3.8kA.
The Measurement and Control System of breaker module comprises four current sensors A0, A1, A2, A3, voltage sensor V1 ~ Vn, U0 ~ Un, displacement transducer L1 ~ Ln and the measuring-signal processing unit be made up of signal conditioning circuit, AD sample circuit, processor and human-computer interaction interface.As shown in Figure 3: wherein,
1, current sensor A0, A1, A2, A3: series connection ties up to the signal input part of breaker module and the signal input part of each branch road respectively, and namely A0 flows through described breaker module overall current I for measurement
0, A1 measures primary current leg electric current I
1, A2 measures main circuit breaker branch current I
2, A3 measures the electric current I of overvoltage Limiting circuit
3.
2, voltage sensor V1 ~ Vn and U0 ~ Un:V1 ~ Vn is in parallel with each high speed machine switch FCB of primary current leg respectively, in parallel with each electric apparatus part respectively for measuring high speed machine switch fracture voltage V1 ~ Vn, U1 ~ Un, for measuring the voltage at each power electronic device two ends, U0 and overvoltage Limiting and energy absorption branch circuit parallel connection.
3, displacement transducer L1 ~ Ln: be arranged on each FCB place, for measuring the fracture disjunction distance of each FCB.
4, described signal processing unit is connected with each transducer by holding wire, the holding wire of sensor-lodging, and the signal conditioning circuit of signal processing unit, high-speed AD, processor are connected successively with human-computer interaction interface.Described processor is according to the current data obtained through conditioning, AD conversion, and counting circuit current amplitude and rate of change di/dt, whether failure judgement electric current occurs, thus controls breaker actuation.Therefore DC circuit breaker of the present invention both provided the interface of external control, also ACTIVE CONTROL can play the effect of flow restricter.
There is the direct current hybrid switch of two fractures, the breaking course of the hybrid DC circuit breaker module of nature commutation type described in concrete elaboration and making process below for individual module, as shown in Figure 4:
1, nature commutation type hybrid DC circuit breaker module breaking course.
1) before the t0 moment, system normal operating current all passes through from primary current leg, and namely mechanical switch closes, and power electronic device is also in closure state.System nominal voltage is U0, and current path is as Fig. 4 (a).
2) start at moment t1, Measurement and Control System detects fault current, sends breaker actuation instruction, power electronic device is all opened, high speed machine switch motion, fracture produces electric arc, and the power electronic device both end voltage that main circuit breaker branch road is connected equals the arc voltage sum of fracture.Because arc voltage is higher than the conduction voltage drop sum of power electronics branch road, therefore arc current starts to shift to main circuit breaker branch road.As Fig. 4 (b)
3) in the t2 moment, electric current all transfers to main circuit breaker branch road, arc extinction.Now, control to keep power electronic device to be conducting state, until the dielectric strength of FCB fracture returns to overvoltage when can bear shutoff and direct voltage.As Fig. 4 (c)
4) in the t3 moment, FCB fracture dielectric strength returns to overvoltage when can bear shutoff and direct voltage, the power electronic device of main circuit breaker branch road all turns off, in turn off process, the overvoltage when dynamic voltage-balancing of single group device and pressure limiting circuit restriction individual devices turn off is no more than device safety operation area.
5) main circuit breaker closes and has no progeny, and electric current stream overvoltage Limiting and energy absorption branch road, be decreased to the level of Leakage Current gradually, disjunction terminates, as Fig. 4 (d).
It is more than the breaking course of circuit breaker, interrupting process flows through the current waveform of each branch road of breaker module as shown in Figure 5, t1 ~ t2 is that electric current transfers to the process of main circuit breaker branch road from primary current leg, t2 ~ t3 is the process that power electronic device keeps opening FCB fracture dielectric strength is recovered, and t3 ~ t4 is the energy absorption process cut-offfing overvoltage Limiting branch road.
2, nature commutation type hybrid DC circuit breaker module making process
Making process is contrary with breaking course, and first keep mechanical switch disjunction, open power electronic device, now electric current flows through main circuit breaker branch road; Closed FCB, turn off power electronic device, electric current is all transferred to primary current leg.With reference to breaking course, making process is comparatively simple, does not again give picture and text and repeats.
The hybrid high voltage DC breaker of nature commutation type of the present invention, can adjust the quantity of the main circuit breaker branch circuit parallel connection element of serial number and individual module as required, thus adjustment voltage, current class.The described high voltage DC breaker based on nature commutation formula mixed DC breaker module, primary current leg does not have solid-state switch as auxiliary switch, and therefore on-state loss is negligible, does not need complicated cooling system under normal operation.When cut-offfing, electric current transfers to power electronics branch road from mechanical switch under arcing, completes and cut-off.If need to improve the electric pressure of individual module, need to be connected multiple fracture or the series connection of multiple high-speed switch by single high-speed switch, ensure that realize arc current shifts when power electronic device serial number increases.The described high voltage DC breaker based on nature commutation formula mixed DC breaker module, assists zero passage without the need for source device such as charging capacitor, and control simple, reliability is higher.
Claims (8)
1. the hybrid high voltage DC breaker of nature commutation type; be in series by isolating switch by multiple identical high voltage DC breaker module; it is characterized in that; described high voltage DC breaker module is based on nature commutation formula mixed DC circuit breaker; described each breaker module is made up of primary current leg, main circuit breaker branch road and overvoltage protection and energy absorption branch road and Measurement and Control System; these three branch roads are parallel with one another; this Measurement and Control System is connected with three branch roads respectively, in order to control the work schedule of three branch roads.
2. high voltage DC breaker as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described primary current leg is made up of the high speed machine switch FCB of multiple series connection.
3. high voltage DC breaker as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described high speed machine switch is made up of operating mechanism and arc control device.
4. high voltage DC breaker as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that; described main circuit breaker props up the series connection of route multiple power electronic device, and each power electronic device is parallel with dynamic voltage balancing element, static state voltage equipoise element and overvoltage protection element, is used for drop-out current.
5. high voltage DC breaker as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described power electronic device adopts any one device for high-power power electronic among IGCT, IEGT, IGBT; Described dynamic voltage balancing element is for avoiding the damaged because device itself and the inconsistent single power electronic device overvoltage caused of drive singal are excessive, and described dynamic voltage balancing element adopts dynamic voltage balancing components and parts conventional in RC, RCD power electronic technology; Described static state voltage equipoise element, is mainly used between balance Tandem devices that leakage current is uneven in the off case, adopts resistance value to block the power resistor of resistance much smaller than described power electronic device; Described overvoltage protection element adopts lightning arrester to form.
6. high voltage DC breaker as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described overvoltage Limiting and energy absorption prop up route lightning arrester composition, for the overvoltage that the dump energy in circuit after absorbing switch OFF and limit switch are born.
7. high voltage DC breaker as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Measurement and Control System comprises multiple current sensor, multiple voltage sensor, multiple displacement transducer and the measuring-signal processing unit be made up of signal conditioning circuit, AD sample circuit, processor and human-computer interaction interface; Wherein, current sensor is connected the signal input part of the signal input part that ties up to breaker module and each branch road respectively; Voltage sensor is in parallel with each high speed machine switch FCB of primary current leg, each electric apparatus part respectively, and with overvoltage Limiting and energy absorption branch circuit parallel connection.
Institute's displacement sensors is arranged on each FCB place, for measuring the fracture disjunction distance of each FCB.
8. high voltage DC breaker as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described signal processing unit is connected with each transducer by holding wire, the holding wire of sensor-lodging, and the signal conditioning circuit of signal processing unit, high-speed AD, processor are connected successively with human-computer interaction interface; Described processor is according to the current data obtained through conditioning, AD conversion, and counting circuit current amplitude and rate of change di/dt, whether failure judgement electric current occurs, thus controls breaker actuation.
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