CN104616933A - Electromagnetic switch - Google Patents

Electromagnetic switch Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104616933A
CN104616933A CN201510073731.3A CN201510073731A CN104616933A CN 104616933 A CN104616933 A CN 104616933A CN 201510073731 A CN201510073731 A CN 201510073731A CN 104616933 A CN104616933 A CN 104616933A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
magnetic conduction
electromagnetic switch
switch
fixed
groups
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Granted
Application number
CN201510073731.3A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN104616933B (en
Inventor
陈平
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zhejiang Jiapu Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Beihai Hesi Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201510073731.3A priority Critical patent/CN104616933B/en
Publication of CN104616933A publication Critical patent/CN104616933A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN104616933B publication Critical patent/CN104616933B/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/02Bases; Casings; Covers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/02Bases; Casings; Covers
    • H01H50/04Mounting complete relay or separate parts of relay on a base or inside a case
    • H01H50/041Details concerning assembly of relays
    • H01H50/042Different parts are assembled by insertion without extra mounting facilities like screws, in an isolated mounting part, e.g. stack mounting on a coil-support

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an electromagnetic switch. The electromagnetic switch comprises a shielding outer casing which is in a half surrounding structure which is made of metal materials, a coil bobbin which is arranged inside the shielding outer casing, a power source which supplies power for two groups of electromagnetic coils, a fixed magnetic guiding iron column which is fixed inside the shielding outer casing and assembled inside an empty core of the coil bobbin, a support which is fixed on the shielding outer casing, a combined section mobile magnetic guiding iron column which comprises a mobile magnetic guiding shielding iron plate which seals the shielding outer casing half surrounding structure and a mobile magnetic guiding iron column which is installed on the support in a mobile mode, a circuit board, a fixed contact point which is connected with the circuit board and fixed on the support, a moving contact point which is connected with the circuit board and fixed on the magnetic guiding iron column through an insulating sleeve, a contact point separation spring which is arranged between the fixed contact point and the insulating gasket sleeve; the two groups of electromagnetic coils wind on the coil framework in a serial connection mode; contact point separation spring applies force to enable the magnetic guiding iron column to separate from the fixed contact point. The electromagnetic switch has the advantages of being stable in working performance, long in service life and energy saving and environmental friendly.

Description

A kind of electromagnetic switch
Technical field
The present invention relates to electromagnetic switch technical field, particularly relate to the starting electromagnetic switch in a kind of auto parts and components.
Background technology
Automobile start battery main switch is the indispensable master switch of safe starting.The Domestic Automotive Industry early stage of development, automobile start battery main switch is all adopt simple manual type knife switch, there is installation position limitation, hidden keeping away property difference, without automation, and the shortcomings such as poor stability.
Along with the development of Domestic Automotive Industry technology, car hands dynamic formula battery main switch is replaced by automobile start electromagnetic switch.The advantage of existing automobile start electromagnetic switch is: good concealment, and installation position is random, and automaticity is high; Shortcoming is: product design imperfection, causes Total Product accessory many, assembling and setting difficulty, and production cost is high; Electromagnetic field takes the full-shield of fixing, and electromagnetic switch determines the closed of moving contact, and only by magnetic conduction iron prop single-point aroused in interest little adhesive in solenoid, electromagnetic force utilance is low, and it is not enough that electromagnetic switch determines moving contact suction, poor stability.Close safe and reliable to make to determine moving contact, can only strengthen electromagnetic force by increase solenoid wire diameter or electric current makes the moving contact of determining of electromagnetic switch close safe and reliable, but electromagnetic wire astragal is after increasing, production cost improves, after electric current increases, electromagnetic switch continuous operation temperature is higher than 75 DEG C, and cause product work unstable properties, useful life is short, cause mass energy consumption simultaneously, be unfavorable for energy-conserving and environment-protective.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has designed and developed a kind of electromagnetic switch.For the defect that prior art exists, provide a kind of compact, technique is simple, lower-cost electromagnetic switch.Electromagnetic switch determines the closed of moving contact, rely on screening can and determine magnetic conduction iron prop and suck the shielding iron plate that magnetic conduction shielding iron prop is moved in compound section, because of multiple spot large adhesive, electromagnetic force utilance is more than 90%, electromagnetic switch just can be made to determine moving contact with small area analysis startup during work closed strong, working temperature is low, thus stable performance, long service life, is conducive to energy-conserving and environment-protective.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is:
A kind of electromagnetic switch, is characterized in that, comprising:
Screening can, its semi-surrounding structure made for metal material;
Coil rack, it is arranged in described screening can, and coiling two groups of solenoids in a series arrangement on described coil rack;
Power supply, it is to described two groups of solenoid;
Determine magnetic conduction iron prop, it is fixed in described screening can, is assemblied in the hollow of described coil rack;
Support, it is fixed on side relative with coil rack on described screening can;
Magnetic conduction shielding iron prop is moved in compound section, it dynamic magnetic conduction shielding iron plate comprising closed described screening can semi-surrounding structure and the dynamic magnetic conduction iron prop installed movably on the bracket, when at least one group in described two groups of solenoids is energized, described solenoid produces electromagnetic force, makes described screening can and determine magnetic conduction iron prop to attract described compound section to move magnetic conduction to shield iron prop and move to described coil rack;
Circuit board;
Fixed contact, it is connected with described circuit board, fixes on the bracket;
Moving contact, it is connected with described circuit board, is fixed on described dynamic magnetic conduction iron prop by insulating case;
Contact separation top spring, it is arranged between described fixed contact and insulating case, applies the power away from described fixed contact to described dynamic magnetic conduction iron prop;
Wherein, magnetic conduction shielding iron prop is moved when closing the semi-surrounding structure of described screening can in described compound section, and described moving contact is closed with described fixed contact.
Preferably, in described electromagnetic switch, also comprise:
Filter circuit, it is connected with described power supply, the alternating current in power supply described in filtering, and exports direct current, and described power supply is connected described direct current instantaneously and powered directly to a group in described two groups of coils;
Storage capacitor, it stores described galvanic electric energy, and within certain hour, by charge accumulated on described storage capacitor, makes the voltage at described storage capacitor two ends rise to voltage predetermined value;
Treat breakdown diode, itself and described storage capacitor Opposite direction connection, and described in treat that the puncture voltage of breakdown diode is less than described voltage predetermined value;
When described until breakdown diode be reversed puncture time, described direct current is simultaneously to described two groups of coil power supplies.
Preferably, in described electromagnetic switch, the described base stage being arranged on the first switch triode after breakdown diode is connected with divider resistance, another group in second switch triode and described two groups of coils is parallel with between the collector and emitter of described first switch triode, and when described in do not have breakdown until breakdown diode time, described first switch triode is in off-state, described second switch triode is in closure state, the collector voltage of described second switch triode is zero, and described direct current is not by another group in described two groups of coils; And when described in when breakdown diode is breakdown, described first switch triode is in closure state, and the collector voltage of described first switch triode is zero, makes described second switch triode be in off-state, and described direct current is by described two groups of coils.
Preferably, in described electromagnetic switch, also comprise: switch fixed supported slab, it is removably connected to the side identical with described coil rack of described screening can, and described switch fixed supported slab is provided with installing hole.
Preferably, in described electromagnetic switch, also comprise: water proof and dust proof cover cap, it is removably on the bracket sheathed.
Preferably, in described electromagnetic switch, also comprise: closing of contact stage clip, it is arranged between described insulation cushion cover and circuit board fixing bracket, apply the power of close described screening can to described dynamic magnetic conduction iron prop, thus make described moving contact trend towards near described fixed contact;
Wherein, the pressure of described closing of contact stage clip is less than the pressure of described contact separation top spring.
Preferably, in described electromagnetic switch, described support is formed by fiber nylon plastic pressure injection.
Preferably, in described electromagnetic switch, described dynamic magnetic conduction iron prop is made up of A3 rod iron, and described dynamic magnetic conduction shielding iron plate is processed by DC01 iron plate.
Preferably, in described electromagnetic switch, described coil rack becomes cylinder I shape hollow insulation framework by fiber nylon pressure injection.
Preferably, in described electromagnetic switch, describedly determine magnetic conduction iron prop and be processed into T-shaped real cored structure by A3 rod iron.
The present invention has designed and developed a kind of electromagnetic switch.Provide a kind of compact, technique is simple, lower-cost electromagnetic switch.Electromagnetic switch determines the closed of moving contact, rely on screening can and determine magnetic conduction iron prop and suck compound section and move magnetic conduction and shield shielding iron plate on iron prop, because of multiple spot large adhesive, electromagnetic force utilance is high, electromagnetic switch just can be made to determine moving contact with small area analysis startup during work closed strong, working temperature is low, thus stable performance, long service life, is conducive to energy-conserving and environment-protective.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of electromagnetic switch of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of electromagnetic switch of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, can implement according to this with reference to specification word to make those skilled in the art.
As shown in Figure 1, the invention provides a kind of electromagnetic switch, comprising: screening can 1, its semi-surrounding structure made for metal material; Coil rack 2, it is arranged in described screening can 1, and coiling two groups of solenoids 3 in a series arrangement on described coil rack 2; Power supply, it is powered to described two groups of solenoids 3; Determine magnetic conduction iron prop 4, it is fixed in described screening can 1, is assemblied in the hollow of described coil rack 2; Support 5, it is fixed on side relative with coil rack 2 on described screening can 1; Magnetic conduction shielding iron prop 6 is moved in compound section, it dynamic magnetic conduction shielding iron plate 61 comprising closed described screening can 1 semi-surrounding structure and the dynamic magnetic conduction iron prop 62 be arranged on movably on described support 5, when at least one group in described two groups of solenoids 3 is energized, described solenoid produces electromagnetic force, makes described screening can 1 and determine magnetic conduction iron prop 4 to attract described compound section to move magnetic conduction to shield iron prop 6 and move to described coil rack 2; Circuit board 7; Fixed contact 8, it is connected with described circuit board 7, fixes on the bracket; Moving contact 9, it is connected with described circuit board 7, is fixed on described dynamic magnetic conduction iron prop 62 by insulating case 10; Contact separation top spring 11, it is arranged between described fixed contact 8 and insulating case 10, the power away from described fixed contact 8 is applied to described dynamic magnetic conduction iron prop 62, during power supply access failure, the effect of magnetic conduction shielding iron prop 6 through contact separation top spring 11 is moved in compound section, leave solenoid center and determine magnetic conduction iron prop 4 and screening can 1 certain distance, moving contact 9 and fixed contact 8 are separated safely; Wherein, magnetic conduction shielding iron prop 6 is moved when closing the semi-surrounding structure of described screening can 1 in described compound section, and described moving contact 9 closes with described fixed contact 8.
In described electromagnetic switch, also comprise: switch fixed supported slab 12, it is removably connected to the side identical with described coil rack 2 of described screening can 1, and described switch fixed supported slab 12 is provided with installing hole.
In described electromagnetic switch, also comprise: water proof and dust proof cover cap 13, it is removably set on described support 5.
In described electromagnetic switch, also comprise: closing of contact stage clip 14, it is arranged between described insulation cushion cover 10 and circuit board fixing bracket 15, applies the power near described screening can 1 to described dynamic magnetic conduction iron prop 62, thus makes described moving contact 9 trend towards near described fixed contact 8;
Wherein, the pressure of described closing of contact stage clip 14 is less than the pressure of described contact separation top spring 11.
In described electromagnetic switch, described support 5 is formed by fiber nylon plastic pressure injection.
In described electromagnetic switch, described dynamic magnetic conduction iron prop 62 is made up of A3 rod iron, and described dynamic magnetic conduction shielding iron plate 61 is processed by DC01 iron plate.
In described electromagnetic switch, described coil rack 2 becomes cylinder I shape hollow insulation framework by fiber nylon pressure injection.
In described electromagnetic switch, describedly determine magnetic conduction iron prop 8 and be processed into T-shaped real cored structure by A3 rod iron.
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of electromagnetic switch of the present invention, in described electromagnetic switch, also comprises:
Filter circuit, it is connected with described power supply, the alternating current in power supply described in filtering, and exports direct current, and described power supply is connected described direct current instantaneously and powered directly to one group of L2 in described two groups of coils;
Storage capacitor C2, it stores described galvanic electric energy, and within certain hour, by charge accumulated on described storage capacitor C2, makes the voltage at described storage capacitor C2 two ends rise to voltage predetermined value;
Treat breakdown diode D4, itself and described storage capacitor C2 Opposite direction connection, and described in treat that the puncture voltage of breakdown diode D4 is less than described voltage predetermined value;
When described until breakdown diode D4 be reversed puncture time, described direct current is powered to described two groups of coil L1 and L2 simultaneously.
Preferably, in described electromagnetic switch, the described base stage being arranged on the first switch triode T1 after breakdown diode D4 connects with divider resistance R2, another group L1 in second switch triode T2 and described two groups of coils is parallel with between the collector and emitter of described first switch triode T1, and when described in do not have breakdown until breakdown diode D4 time, described first switch triode T1 is in off-state, described second switch triode T2 is in closure state, the collector voltage of described second switch triode T2 is zero, described direct current is not by another group L1 in described two groups of coils, and when described in when breakdown diode D4 is breakdown, described first switch triode T1 is in closure state, the collector voltage of described first switch triode T1 is zero, and make described second switch triode T2 be in off-state, described direct current is by described two groups of coil L1 and L2.
When power supply+B connects moment, electric current flows to capacitor C1 backward through diode D1 prison, after capacitor C1 filtering, obtain pure direct current, and electric current is powered to backward resistance R1 and R3 through diode D2 prison simultaneously.Resistance R1 obtains and electricly to charge to storage capacitor C2, and due to the open circuit effect of storage capacitor C2, when a point is energized instantaneously, its current potential is zero, treats that breakdown diode D4 does not have breakdown, makes the first switch triode T1 be in cut-off state standby; When resistance R3 obtains electric, through resistance R4 dividing potential drop, make b point current potential reach the conducting voltage of second switch triode T2, second switch triode T2 conducting, make c point current potential be zero, solenoid L1 is shorted, and only has on solenoid L2 and has electric current to pass through.Solenoid L2 obtains and electricly makes electromagnetic switch solenoid center magnetic conduction determine iron prop 4 and screening can 1 instantaneously to suck described compound section and move magnetic conduction shielding iron prop 6, make electromagnetic switch fixed contact 8 and moving contact 9 closed safe and reliable instantaneously.After resistance R1 charges certain hour to storage capacitor C2, the voltage rise at storage capacitor C2 two ends is to voltage predetermined value, reach the puncture voltage treating breakdown diode D4, make to treat that breakdown diode D4 is breakdown, voltage is after divider resistance R2 dividing potential drop, reach the conducting voltage of the first switch triode T1, the first switch triode T1 is made standbyly to become conducting from ending, so b point current potential is by high potential vanishing current potential, electric current is not had to flow through second switch triode T2, it is standby that second switch triode T2 becomes cut-off from conducting, c point current potential is made to rise to high potential by zero potential, so two groups of solenoid L1 and L2 connect electric automatically, two groups of solenoid L1 and L2 produce the electromagnetic force of electromagnetic switch maintenance work.When power supply+B power-off restarting, its operation principle is same as above.
The present invention has designed and developed a kind of electromagnetic switch.Provide a kind of compact, technique is simple, lower-cost electromagnetic switch.Electromagnetic switch determines the closed of moving contact, rely on screening can and determine magnetic conduction iron prop and suck compound section and move magnetic conduction and shield shielding iron plate on iron prop, because of multiple spot large adhesive, electromagnetic force utilance is high, electromagnetic switch just can be made to determine moving contact with small area analysis startup during work closed strong, working temperature is low, thus stable performance, long service life, is conducive to energy-conserving and environment-protective.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, but it is not restricted to listed in specification and execution mode utilization, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment, therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the legend described.

Claims (10)

1. an electromagnetic switch, is characterized in that, comprising:
Screening can, its semi-surrounding structure made for metal material;
Coil rack, it is arranged in described screening can, and coiling two groups of solenoids in a series arrangement on described coil rack;
Power supply, it is to described two groups of solenoid;
Determine magnetic conduction iron prop, it is fixed in described screening can, is assemblied in the hollow of described coil rack;
Support, it is fixed on side relative with coil rack on described screening can;
Magnetic conduction shielding iron prop is moved in compound section, it dynamic magnetic conduction shielding iron plate comprising closed described screening can semi-surrounding structure and the dynamic magnetic conduction iron prop installed movably on the bracket, when at least one group in described two groups of solenoids is energized, described solenoid produces electromagnetic force, makes described screening can and determine magnetic conduction iron prop to attract described compound section to move magnetic conduction to shield iron prop and move to described coil rack;
Circuit board;
Fixed contact, it is connected with described circuit board, fixes on the bracket;
Moving contact, it is connected with described circuit board, is fixed on described dynamic magnetic conduction iron prop by insulating case;
Contact separation top spring, it is arranged between described fixed contact and insulating case, applies the power away from described fixed contact to described dynamic magnetic conduction iron prop;
Wherein, magnetic conduction shielding iron prop is moved when closing the semi-surrounding structure of described screening can in described compound section, and described moving contact is closed with described fixed contact.
2. electromagnetic switch as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprise:
Filter circuit, it is connected with described power supply, the alternating current in power supply described in filtering, and exports direct current, and described power supply is connected described direct current instantaneously and powered directly to a group in described two groups of coils;
Storage capacitor, it stores described galvanic electric energy, and within certain hour, by charge accumulated on described storage capacitor, makes the voltage at described storage capacitor two ends rise to voltage predetermined value;
Treat breakdown diode, itself and described storage capacitor Opposite direction connection, and described in treat that the puncture voltage of breakdown diode is less than described voltage predetermined value;
When described until breakdown diode be reversed puncture time, described direct current is simultaneously to described two groups of coil power supplies.
3. electromagnetic switch as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the described base stage being arranged on the first switch triode after breakdown diode is connected with divider resistance, another group in second switch triode and described two groups of coils is parallel with between the collector and emitter of described first switch triode, and when described in do not have breakdown until breakdown diode time, described first switch triode is in off-state, described second switch triode is in closure state, the collector voltage of described second switch triode is zero, described direct current is not by another group in described two groups of coils, and when described in when breakdown diode is breakdown, described first switch triode is in closure state, and the collector voltage of described first switch triode is zero, makes described second switch triode be in off-state, and described direct current is by described two groups of coils.
4. electromagnetic switch as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, it is characterized in that, also comprise: switch fixed supported slab, it is removably connected to the side identical with described coil rack of described screening can, and described switch fixed supported slab is provided with installing hole.
5. electromagnetic switch as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, it is characterized in that, also comprise: water proof and dust proof cover cap, it is removably on the bracket sheathed.
6. electromagnetic switch as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, it is characterized in that, also comprise: closing of contact stage clip, it is arranged between described insulation cushion cover and circuit board fixing bracket, apply the power of close described screening can to described dynamic magnetic conduction iron prop, thus make described moving contact trend towards near described fixed contact;
Wherein, the pressure of described closing of contact stage clip is less than the pressure of described contact separation top spring.
7. electromagnetic switch as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described support is formed by fiber nylon plastic pressure injection.
8. electromagnetic switch as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described dynamic magnetic conduction iron prop is made up of A3 rod iron, and described dynamic magnetic conduction shielding iron plate is processed by DC01 iron plate.
9. electromagnetic switch as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described coil rack becomes cylinder I shape hollow insulation framework by fiber nylon pressure injection.
10. electromagnetic switch as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, describedly determines magnetic conduction iron prop and is processed into T-shaped real cored structure by A3 rod iron.
CN201510073731.3A 2015-02-11 2015-02-11 A kind of electromagnetic switch Active CN104616933B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201510073731.3A CN104616933B (en) 2015-02-11 2015-02-11 A kind of electromagnetic switch

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CN104616933B CN104616933B (en) 2017-06-09

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108199589A (en) * 2018-03-13 2018-06-22 黄种继 A kind of gird-connected inverter equipment
CN108899231A (en) * 2018-07-24 2018-11-27 四川标杆电气有限公司 It is a kind of with the hermetic type permanent-magnet manipulating mechanism and its control method of keeping away magnet passage

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101551024A (en) * 2009-05-14 2009-10-07 应俊 Integrated bistable solenoid valve
CN101620951A (en) * 2008-06-30 2010-01-06 欧姆龙株式会社 Electromagnetic relay
JP2012199133A (en) * 2011-03-22 2012-10-18 Panasonic Corp Relay device

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101620951A (en) * 2008-06-30 2010-01-06 欧姆龙株式会社 Electromagnetic relay
CN101551024A (en) * 2009-05-14 2009-10-07 应俊 Integrated bistable solenoid valve
JP2012199133A (en) * 2011-03-22 2012-10-18 Panasonic Corp Relay device

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108199589A (en) * 2018-03-13 2018-06-22 黄种继 A kind of gird-connected inverter equipment
CN108899231A (en) * 2018-07-24 2018-11-27 四川标杆电气有限公司 It is a kind of with the hermetic type permanent-magnet manipulating mechanism and its control method of keeping away magnet passage

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Inventor after: Meng Limin

Inventor after: Wei Xiufang

Inventor after: Chen Ruying

Inventor before: Chen Ping

TA01 Transfer of patent application right
TA01 Transfer of patent application right

Effective date of registration: 20170515

Address after: 362100 Huian County, Fujian province Tu Town, the new village pavilion

Applicant after: Huian Lijia Intelligent Equipment Co. Ltd.

Address before: 536000 Beihai Industrial Park, the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Industrial Park, North Park, North China, 09

Applicant before: Beihai Hesi Technology Co., Ltd.

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Effective date of registration: 20190104

Address after: 325000 Zhejiang Longwan District Yongxing Street Airport New Area Binhai 6 Road, No. 36, 4 Building 3

Patentee after: Wenzhou Jiapu Electric Co. Ltd.

Address before: 362100 new pavilion Village, Tu Zhai Town, Huian, Quanzhou, Fujian

Patentee before: Huian Lijia Intelligent Equipment Co. Ltd.

TR01 Transfer of patent right
CP01 Change in the name or title of a patent holder
CP01 Change in the name or title of a patent holder

Address after: 325000 Zhejiang Longwan District Yongxing Street Airport New Area Binhai 6 Road, No. 36, 4 Building 3

Patentee after: Zhejiang Jiapu Technology Co.,Ltd.

Address before: 325000 Zhejiang Longwan District Yongxing Street Airport New Area Binhai 6 Road, No. 36, 4 Building 3

Patentee before: WENZHOU KOPOU ELECTRIC Co.,Ltd.