CN104614752B - A kind of flat multi-grid vacuum type compton detector of energy response - Google Patents
A kind of flat multi-grid vacuum type compton detector of energy response Download PDFInfo
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- CN104614752B CN104614752B CN201410683544.2A CN201410683544A CN104614752B CN 104614752 B CN104614752 B CN 104614752B CN 201410683544 A CN201410683544 A CN 201410683544A CN 104614752 B CN104614752 B CN 104614752B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the multi-grid vacuum type compton detector that a kind of energy response is flat.The present invention uses multi-grid emitter structure, and by the collection to thin material signal in multi-grid, it is flatter to obtain energy response, and emitter stage is than more uniform result.While high accuracy ionization meter is ensured, application scenario has also been expanded.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of compton detector for measuring impulse gamma ray, specifically for measurement fluence rate exists
1017~1022γ/(s·cm2), energy is interval in 0.4~5MeV, time spectrum half width more than 1ns impulse gamma ray and
A kind of vacuum type compton detector of design.
Background technology
In ray and matter interaction, Compton effect is dominant a kind of effect in energy range very wide,
As soon as so directly collecting gamma-rays occurs the current generated class detector of Compton effect, it is referred to as compton detector
(or Compton diode).
Fig. 1 is vacuum compton detector (VCD) structural representation.High current beam,gamma-ray is injected by collimating aperture, a part
Through entrance window, emitter stage, projected by exit window；With entrance window, emitter stage and exit window Compton occurs for another part ray
Scattering, photoelectric effect and pair effect, produce electronics.For energy is in 0.5~10MeV gamma-rays, latter two
Effect probability very little, Main Function is Compton scattering.Both the Compton that entrance window, exit window are produced can have been collected on emitter stage
Electronics, and launch Compton electron with gamma-rays effect, its differential section just forms current signal in emitter circuit.
Gamma ray intensity or sum measurement are one of major parameters of impulse gamma radiation field, and it directly determines pulse
The result of radiation field nuclear process.Therefore, gamma ray absolute intensity, number are measured and its is changed with time as pulse
Core content in gamma radiation diagnosis.Obtain absolute intensity, the number of impulse gamma ray radiation field, it is desirable to exact knowledge
The sensitivity response of Pulsed radiation field gamma spectra and detector to different-energy gamma ray.However, impulse gamma is radiated
Field energy spectrometry technically exist it is greatly difficult, in this case, to obtain impulse gamma ray absolute intensity and
The parameters such as number, one of feasible method is exactly to explore and set up the sensitivity energy in impulse gamma radiation field energy range to ring
The impulse gamma X-ray detection X know-why and system architecture that should do not change with gamma energy, develop energy response flat
Detector.
It is main to use two class detectors in existing impulse gamma X-ray detection X：One kind is scintillator and photoelectric device
The scintillation detector of composition；Another kind is vacuum compton detector (VCD) and medium Kang Pu based on Compton effect design
Pause detector (DCD).Photodetector sensitivity based on scintillator is high, is suitable for the measurement of low-intensity gamma ray beam, its
Sensitivity is generally 10-10-10-20C·cm2/ γ, this kind of detector is the detector based on collection of energy, to gamma ray
Detectivity is more violent with energy variation, and energy response is uneven；Compton detector is charge-trapping type detector, spirit
Sensitivity is very low, generally 10-19-10-23C·cm2/ γ, is suitable for high intensity gamma beam parameter measurement, its energy response ratio
Scintillation detector is flat, but still not ideal enough.When both detectors are applied to the measurement of impulse gamma radiation field intensity,
Because Pulsed radiation field power spectrum is given by theoretical calculation, there is some difference with actual power spectrum, causes measurement result not true
Surely spend larger.In a word, using existing detection means or detector, in pulsed radiation detection, detector does not possess in width
The characteristics of response of energy range self-energy is flat, does not possess the resolution capability to projectile energy.
In June, 2012《Light laser and the particle beams》A kind of the 6th phase of volume 24, it is proposed that the flat Compton of energy response
Panel detector structure, detector flatness is obtained under conditions of collimator aperture is Φ 40, if collimating aperture varying aperture,
The weight area of thickness material is to change, in order to ensure the uniformity of weight, it is necessary to by the thin area size in center correspondingly
Make an amendment.For homogeneous radiation field measurement, in the collimation condition occasion often to be changed, use inconvenient.The opposing party
Face, if incident gamma ray fluence rate skewness, thickness combined emitter compensation effect can also change, due
Compensation effect is not necessarily effective, so as to cause energy response to be changed with different non-uniform doses so that original
Detector use and there is certain limitation.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：1. a kind of vacuum type health suitable for uniform gamma radiation field measurement is provided
General detector, when shielding collimator size changes, panel detector structure need not be adjusted.2. provide a kind of suitable for inequality
The flat vacuum type Compton gamma detector of the energy response of even gamma radiation field measurement, to meet the survey of high accuracy gamma intensity
The requirement of amount.
Technical solution of the invention is：
A kind of flat multi-grid vacuum type compton detector of energy response, including it is gear lead, collimater, entrance window, close
Sealed tube body, vacuum degassing passage, electron emitter, exit window, signal extraction wire, coaxial cable adapter；The entrance window,
Sealed cylinder, exit window constitutes vacuum cavity, and it is characterized in that：The electron emitter include along ray incident direction according to
Secondary circular slab, dielectric film, the circular sheet of being superimposed；The slab is middle Z or low Z materials；The thin plate is Z materials high
Material；The thickness of the slab is 0.5-3mm；The lamella thickness is less than 100 μm；The insulator film thickness is less than 50 μm；It is described
Signal extraction wire is drawn from thin plate；Grid hole at equal intervals is provided with the circular slab；The slab with diameter greater than collimation
The internal diameter of device.
Relationship below is met between above-mentioned grid hole aperture r and pitch of holes d：
Above-mentioned slab material is Fe, Ta, W, Os, Pt or Au；Above-mentioned light sheet material is W, Os, Pt or Au.
Above-mentioned gear lead thickness 0.8-3mm；The entrance window is the pure iron plate that thickness is 1-5mm.
Above-mentioned slab material is Au, and a diameter of 50mm, thickness is 1mm, uniform lattice hole open pore size 1mm thereon,
Away from 1.45mm；The dielectric film external diameter 50mm；The thin plate is external diameter 50mm, the goldleaf that 50 μm of thickness.
Beneficial effects of the present invention have：
1st, emitter stage uses uniform lattice structure, and detector does not have dependence to shielding collimator.For the need of measurement
Will, when needing to carry out collimating aperture change, panel detector structure need not be adjusted, and give bringing great convenience property of detection.
2nd, detector energy response is small to radiation field dependence, is provided for the high-precision ionization meter of uneven gamma radiation
A kind of effective technological approaches.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is existing vacuum compton detector structural representation；
Fig. 2 is the flat multi-grid vacuum type compton detector overall structure of energy response of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is multi-grid emitter structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the energy response curve under different collimating apertures.
Reference is as follows：1- keeps off lead, and 2- collimaters, 3- entrance windows, 4- sealed cylinders, 5- vacuum degassing passages, 6- is more
Grid electron emitter, 7- exit windows, 8- signal extraction wires, 9- coaxial cable adapters.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes a kind of vacuum type compton detector using the extremely porous grid configuration of transmitting, the detection
Device is less than 10% to the interval gamma ray sensitivity response unevenness of wide energy, and its dynamic range is big, Gamma Neutron point
Distinguish high, time response is very fast, available for gamma ionization meter in impulse gamma radiation field.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
The thick materials of 1mm and the high Z of 50 μm of thin material superpositions for being 50mm using external diameter launch pole plate.Slab material is pressed
According to grid hole is opened at equal intervals, as shown in Figure 2.Grid hole aperture r and pitch of holes d chooses the thickness according to energy response flatness requirements
Material compensation ratio is calculated, and it is formula (1) to obtain the relation between grid pore radius and spacing.
Detector front end keeps off lead using 1mm.Using thick incidence window construction, using the Fe plates of thickness 1-4mm as entrance window,
The Vacuum maintenance energy of detector can be also lifted simultaneously.
Entrance window and exit window are pure iron plate, and welded seal, sealed cylinder are carried out with probe body drum closure body
Material is SUS304 stainless steels.Entrance window thickness is 1-5mm, and exit window thickness is 2-7mm, and sealed cylinder thickness is 2-5mm.Very
Empty gas removal channels are the copper pipe material that can carry out crimping encapsulation.Different materials thickness superposition transmitting pole plate by signal conductor with
Measurement signal is drawn in the heart yearn connection of coaxial cable adapter.
Need to carry out surrounding shield when detector is used to reduce interference raising signal to noise ratio.For the lead passage aperture for collimating
It can select according to demand, less than transmitting polar diameter, length is 200mm (or longer).
It should be noted that one layer of dielectric film is added in thickness materials at two layers intermediate demand, for isolating grid hole thickness material
The signal received between 50 μm of thin materials.Insulating film material should be less than 50 μm preferably.Detector signal is drawn from thin material end
Draw.
The present invention is described further below by embodiment：
The grid hole aperture 1mm thickness combination of materials detectors of embodiment 1
Referring to Fig. 2, the present embodiment is by gear lead 1, collimater 2, entrance window 3, sealed cylinder 4, vacuum degassing passage 5, multiple-grid
Lattice electron emitter 6, exit window 7, signal extraction wire 8, coaxial cable adapter 9 are constituted.
Sealed cylinder 4 selects SUS304 stainless steel materials, and specification is external diameter 100 (unit is mm, similarly hereinafter), and internal diameter 96 is long
The cylinder of degree 106.On the midpoint of sealed cylinder longitudinal length, two circular holes of Φ 15 are symmetrically cut.By the internal diameter 13 of external diameter 15
Long 30 copper pipe is welded on one of circular hole, constitutes vacuum degassing passage 5；The internal diameter 13 of external diameter 15 is grown 30 stainless steel tube
It is welded on another circular hole, other end sealing welding L16-50K coaxial cables seat (the skin connection stainless steel tube of cable block), structure
Into coaxial cable adapter 9.
Multi-grid electron emitter 6 is made up of three parts：1. material is Au, and a diameter of 50mm, thickness is 1mm, uniform grid
The grid orifice plate of checkerwork cell open pore size 1mm, spacing 1.45mm；2. external diameter 50mm, the goldleaf that 50 μm of thickness；3. external diameter 50mm's is exhausted
Velum.Along ray incident direction, dielectric film should be crimped between thickness material, grid orifice plate and thin material signal are carried out every
From.
From the copper conductor of a diameter of 1mm, one end connects the thin material in grid emitter stage 6, the other end to signal lead-out wire 8
The core of connecting coaxial cable adapter 9.Attention lead-out wire 8 will reliably insulate with sealed cylinder.
Entrance window 3 selects pure iron material, and specification is Φ 96 × 3 (can select thickness between 1~5mm), sealing weldering
One end of sealed cylinder 4 is connected on, exit window 11 selects pure iron material, and specification is Φ 96 × 2, and sealing welding is in sealed cylinder 4
The other end.Keep off lead 1mm.
Fig. 4 is energy response curve of the embodiment under different collimating apertures, and detector is in 0.4~6MeV energy ranges
Between, sensitivity is greatly less than 7.7% with minimum deviation.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of flat multi-grid vacuum type compton detector of energy response, including gear lead, collimater, entrance window, sealing
Cylinder, vacuum degassing passage, electron emitter, exit window, signal extraction wire, coaxial cable adapter；The entrance window, it is close
Sealed tube body, exit window constitutes vacuum cavity, it is characterised in that：
The electron emitter includes being sequentially overlapped circular slab, dielectric film, circular sheet together along ray incident direction；
The slab is middle Z or low Z materials；The thin plate is low Z materials；
The thickness of the slab is 0.5-3mm；The lamella thickness is less than 100 μm；The insulator film thickness is less than 50 μm；
The signal extraction wire is drawn from thin plate；
Grid hole at equal intervals is provided with the circular slab；
The internal diameter with diameter greater than collimater of the slab.
2. the flat multi-grid vacuum type compton detector of energy response according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Relationship below is met between the grid hole aperture r and pitch of holes d：
3. the flat multi-grid vacuum type compton detector of energy response according to claim 1 and 2, its feature exists
In：The slab material is Fe, Ta, W, Os, Pt or Au；The light sheet material is W, Os, Pt or Au.
4. the flat multi-grid vacuum type compton detector of energy response according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Institute
State gear lead thickness 0.8-3mm；The entrance window is the pure iron plate that thickness is 1-5mm.
5. the flat multi-grid vacuum type compton detector of energy response according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Institute
Slab material is stated for Au, a diameter of 50mm, thickness is 1mm, uniform lattice hole open pore size 1mm thereon, spacing 1.45mm；Institute
State dielectric film external diameter 50mm；The thin plate is external diameter 50mm, the goldleaf that 50 μm of thickness.
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Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1564022A (en) * | 2004-04-02 | 2005-01-12 | 谢舒平 | Method and appts. for gamma radiation detection imaging |
| CN101329404A (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2008-12-24 | 清华大学 | Neutron gamma-ray detecting device |
| CN102005486A (en) * | 2010-09-14 | 2011-04-06 | 西安电子科技大学 | Beta ray detector based on silicon carbide triode |
| US8586936B2 (en) * | 2010-05-03 | 2013-11-19 | Brookhaven Science Associates, Llc | Hybrid anode for semiconductor radiation detectors |
-
2014
- 2014-11-24 CN CN201410683544.2A patent/CN104614752B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1564022A (en) * | 2004-04-02 | 2005-01-12 | 谢舒平 | Method and appts. for gamma radiation detection imaging |
| CN101329404A (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2008-12-24 | 清华大学 | Neutron gamma-ray detecting device |
| US8586936B2 (en) * | 2010-05-03 | 2013-11-19 | Brookhaven Science Associates, Llc | Hybrid anode for semiconductor radiation detectors |
| CN102005486A (en) * | 2010-09-14 | 2011-04-06 | 西安电子科技大学 | Beta ray detector based on silicon carbide triode |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| Design and gamma sensitivity measurement of a novel dual-emitter vacuum Compton detector;Han hetong et. al.;《Chinese Physics B》;20091130;第18卷(第11期);4777-4780 * |
| 厚入射窗真空康普顿探测器设计;韩和同等;《核电子学与探测技术》;20100930;第30卷(第9期);1266-1268,1274 * |
| 复合金属发射极真空康普顿探测器结构设计;韩和同等;《中国工程科学》;20091231;第11卷(第11期);88-91 * |
| 能量响应平坦的康普顿探测器设计;翁秀峰等;《强激光与粒子束》;20120630;第24卷(第6期);p1488-1492 * |
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