CN104612673A - Mineral-chemical method for searching deep potassium-rich brine deposit and application thereof - Google Patents
Mineral-chemical method for searching deep potassium-rich brine deposit and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of prospecting, and relates to a mineral-chemical method for searching deep potassium-rich brine deposits and application thereof. The method of the invention is a semi-penetration method, which combines drilling with a fault, which brings sylvinite information from the deep part of the formation into the shallow part of the formation. The method not only saves manpower, material resources and financial resources, but also early warns the existence of high-pressure and high-temperature brine for mining, and well control safety precaution measures are made to prevent major safety and environmental accidents such as blowout and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mine locating technical field, relate to a kind of mineral-chemical method and the application thereof of finding deep layer potassium-rich brine mineral deposit.
Background technology
China is a large agricultural country, and populous, grain-production is fundamental to the building of the country, nitrogen, phosphorus, the potash fertilizer importance in agricultural production, foundation at the beginning of just by state leader and scientific worker pay attention to.Because China ploughs extensive potassium deficiency, a large amount of potash fertilizer demand relies on import, and external potash fertilizer monopsolist has been certain about our weakness, handles potash fertilizer price arbitrarily, 2007 the end of the year ~ 2008, potash fertilizer increases to 600 beautiful yuan/ton from 200 beautiful yuan/ton.Greatly increase the weight of the burden of peasant, directly affects China's agricultural and national economy sustainable development.Therefore, the resource provision of sylvite mineral products will, based on domestic, just be unlikely under one's control.At present, China has verified the relative 1,300,000,000 populous nation's demands of Potash Resources, is an utterly inadequate amount.The explored sylvite reserves of China are mainly distributed in Chaidamu Basin, Qinghai Province 11 Modern Salt Lakes, total oil in place 7.06 hundred million tons (the continuous equality of Zheng, 2006ab); Next is lowland salt lake, Xinjiang Lop Nur sieve north, preliminary delineation KCl oil in place 2.5 hundred million tons (king removes power etc., 2001); Be 35, Tibet special type (potassium lithium boron) the total oil in place of salt lake KCl and stock number 0.47 hundred million ton again.The national KCl oil in place of above rough estimates about 9.9 hundred million tons, amounting to K2O is 6.25 hundred million tons (the continuous equality of Zheng, 2006ab).In addition, Yunnan Meng Yejing Palaeocene Epoch sylvite ore (oil in place 1,402 ten thousand tons) (according to geology and minerals bureau of Yunnan Province) is China's solid industrial sylvite deposit in only ancient times.Thin layer langbeinite and glaserite (0.26 ~ 1.32m) are arranged at Eocene series top, Qianjiang, Hubei, nearly 2,000 ten thousand tons of stock number (prospecting developmental research institute of Jianghan Petroleum Administration Bureau, 1984), but buried depth reaches 3000 ~ 4000m.At present, Qinghai Chaerhan salt lakes sylvite production capacity has reached 3,500,000 tons, and its east mining area resource is closely exhausted, does not now just strangle mining area, beach in large-scale development western part, and estimation can ensure to produce nearly 20 ~ 30 years.National investment company's Lop Nur sylvite project 1,200,000 tons of potassium sulphate fertilizer commissioning run tests in 2008,2012 yearly productive capacities reach 1,300,000 tons, and current Lop Nur has become potassium sulfate production base the biggest in the world.But such production scale may stablize lasting 20 ~ 30 years, when the time comes, potassium resource is also by exhaustion.Therefore, basing on our country and look for potassium, is the important guarantee keeping China's agricultural steady development, otherwise, the short supply state of China's potash fertilizer and be limited by the external situation controlled for a long time and will be difficult to change.
The terrestrial facies scale contrast of domestic and international sylvite deposit sea and mining development, and China looks for potassium to put into practice and advanced resewarch shows, only obtain the important breakthrough that marine facies sylvite looks for ore deposit (these mineral deposits belong to buried solid and liquid mineral deposit mostly), fundamentally could reverse the passive situation of China's severe potassium deficiency for a long time.China's ancient marine facies Evaporate basin epoch are remote, and from the Sinian period, in the Cambrian, in the Ordovician period, the Carboniferous Period, in Triassic period, all there are deposition Jurassic Period, the Cretaceous period to Paleogene Period; Saline deposit thickness is from tens of rice to upper km (Yuan Jianqi, 1960,1961,1980,1988,1995,2007; The continuous equality of Zheng, 1974,1976,1978,1986a, 2005,2006ab, 2008,2009; Zheng MP et al., 2010; Liu Qun etc., 1987,1994,1997).These data show, and marine evaporite cording has huge holding ore space, for marine facies sylvite exploration breakthrough has established material base.In view of China's agricultural development is to the great demand of potash fertilizer, only look for potassium to obtain important breakthrough at Ancient Times in China marine bed, the sylvite that just fundamentally can solve China is self-supporting.And due to Tectonics of China environment with there is notable difference abroad, external existing marine facies potash formation is also not exclusively applicable to Chinese marine basin and looks for potassium.Therefore, set up and be applicable to the marine facies potash formation of Chinese tectonic setting, propose China's marine facies and look for potassium new approaches, make sylvite and reconnoitre new technology to instruct marine facies sylvite to reconnoitre imperative.Because tectonic activities is subject to the strong impact of Lu Lu collision-Himalayan movement, Paleozoic Era marine facies saliferous sedimentary formation buried depth is huge.Compared with external marine facies sylvite sedimentary basin, the ancient Marine Basin scale of China is less, and the later stage changes greatly, and bury comparatively dark-very dark, these look for potassium to bring technical barrier to China, and drilling cost is very large simultaneously.For this reason, be necessary to develop the technology that some find buried sylvite ore, obtain potassium ore deposit information comparatively accurately at lower cost, drill cloth hole for looking for potassium and scientific basis is provided.
Summary of the invention
According to demand and the deficiency in above-mentioned field, the invention provides a kind of method finding deep layer potassium-rich brine (liquid) mineral deposit, described method is that D+F " penetrates " mineral-chemical method, also half through transmission technique is claimed, the method can do sth. in advance the existence of early warning high pressure-temperature bittern, carry out the well control safety precautionary measures, to accomplish the generation preventing the considerable safety such as blowout and environmental accident.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Find the mineral-chemical method in deep layer potassium-rich brine mineral deposit, half through transmission technique that described method is, described method utilizes drilling well to combine with tomography,
The sylvite ore information of earth formation deep is taken in the stratum compared with superficial part by described tomography.
The degree of depth of described drilling well is that prediction contains the 0.3-0.7 of potassium depth of stratum doubly.
When the 0.3-0.7 times of the prediction Ore bearing stratum degree of depth is got in drilling well, also need the observation of real-time drilling chemistry with prediction or the ore-bearing potential confirming deep formation.
The observation of described real-time drilling comprises: drilling mud fluid chemical compound Continuous Observation, or well drilling detritus mineral and chemical compound Continuous Observation, or drilling well is scouted and got core thing and chemical compound observation.
Above-mentioned method, is characterized in that, the steps include:
(1) covered depth of mining area potassium-rich brine is predicted;
(2) drilling well gets into the 0.3-0.7 of the degree of depth of prediction potassium-rich brine doubly;
(3) real-time drilling observation is to draw containing potassium index.
In described real-time drilling observation, containing potassium index, continue down drilling well if find.
In described real-time drilling observation, if do not find containing potassium index, then should stop drilling well, move certain distance drilling well again, repeat step (2) (3); If index does not also reach requirement, then should stop creeping into, the one-tenth potassium distant view in this exploratory area of reappraising.
Above-mentioned method is at searching deep layer potassium-rich brine application to ore study.
The deep layer potassium-rich brine mineral deposit that above-mentioned method is found.
Deep Formation Brine feature
Current China has found multiple marine facies or sea-land interbedding facies high salinity bittern and potassium-rich brine, and sodium chloride all reaches commercial mining grade, and is rich in the elements such as the larger potassium of economic worth, bromine, iodine, lithium, boron, Rubidium and caesium.These resources are mainly distributed in the Sichuan Basin, Tarim Basin, In Jianghan Basin, Bohai gulf basin etc., and there are Denying Formation in the Sinian period, lower Middle Cambrian series, lower Middle Ordovician series, (C1)Culm, Lower Permian Series (bittern), the Triassic system, Upper-Middle Jurassic, late Cretacic, Paleogene System, Neogene System in stratum.These bittern, because burying deeply, having pressure-bearing property etc., are referred to as Deep Formation Brine.They are that ancient Saline Lake Deposits is formed period mostly, bury through metamorphism reformation later, sulfate radical is reduced, magnesium ion enters carbonate mineral, become chloride-calcium type water, anion is mainly with chlorion, and cation is sodium mainly, secondly be calcium, and potassium, bromide ion etc. are exactly above-mentioned important resource.
The principle of the inventive method
Basin deep layer potassium-rich brine is imbedded in underground deep (degree of depth 3000-5000 rice) (Fig. 1) usually, due to the effect of formation temperature, stratum static pressure and tectonic stress, bittern is very easily to the tectonic position flowing that pressure is little, and the usual anticline of this tectonic position is axle portion.Because anticline is squeezed, form the tension fracture (Fig. 2) moving towards spread along it in axle portion, pour into the tension fracture interior (see Fig. 3 AB) on anticline top.Due to the chloride type bittern that deep layer potassium-rich brine is rich calcium ion, when it is along block uplift to superstratum, meet with stratum pore water, because the latter mostly is fresh water or low salinity water, it is rich in carbonate, bicarbonate radical or sulfate ion, and following chemical reaction will occur:
(1) basin deep layer potassium-rich brine (chloride-calcium type water, rich calcium ion) with compared with superficial part, the carbonate-type water (containing carbonate, bicarbonate ion) of Low-salinity reacts, and forms calcite precipitation (Fig. 4).
Ca
2+(from deep water)+CO
3 2-(from superficial part water)=CaCO
3(calcite) ↓
(2) deep layer potassium-rich brine (chloride-calcium type water, rich calcium ion) with compared with superficial part, sulfate type water (being rich in sulfate ion) reacts, and forms gypsum deposition (Fig. 5).
Ca
2+(deep water)+SO
4 2-(superficial part water)=CaSO
4(gypsum deposition)
Reaction result occurs calcite or gypsum deposition, filling fracture or fracture, and crack is sealed, and protection bittern no longer leaks; On the other hand, mineral arteries and veins retains the information that deep formation exists bittern.
This geologic process, naturally just by the sylvite ore information in deep from being brought to (Fig. 2) more shallow stratum compared with deep formation.This kind of country rock stratum normally mud stone, silty, marl, white clouds matter mud stone, the creaming mudstone etc. containing sylvite fracture filling arteries and veins.Water-resisting property, the sealing of this rocks are fine, and have to the potassium-rich brine ore bed of bottom the effect of indicating.
Usually, large containing potassium ore bed covers Cenozoic strata thickness in basins in China, general 1000-4000m, especially in eastern region, general larger fracture can not penetrate the stratum (Fig. 3 B) in whole basin, but boring is combined with tomography, just can penetrate thick large stratum in basin, and then deep sylvite deposit may be detected, therefore the method is called D+F (Drill boring+Fault tomography) " penetrating " method, be called for short D+F and " penetrate " method, again because of about its need penetrate the half of prediction rich potassium mineral deposit buried depth, so be again half through transmission technique.
" penetrate " method and technology
According to long-term deep layer potassium-rich brine exploration practices, in conjunction with Basin Tectonic, stratum, water chemistry principle etc., we have proposed the method and technology that " partly penetrating " reconnoitres deep layer potassium-rich brine.Fig. 6 shows the general principle of this technology, namely when the 0.3-0.7 times of the prediction Ore bearing stratum degree of depth is got in drilling well, can bore and meet carbonate veins or gypsum arteries and veins, carry out the associative operation of real-time drilling observation and mineralogy observation, just can predict or confirm the ore-bearing potential of deep formation.
Real-time drilling observation looks for potassium index to obtain
(1) drilling mud fluid chemical compound Continuous Observation;
(2) well drilling detritus mineral and chemical compound Continuous Observation;
(3) drilling well is scouted and is got core thing and chemical compound observation.
1) mineralogy observation
Mainly XRD, electron probing analysis etc. are carried out, observation index to salt arteries and veins sample: the mineral such as sylvite, carnallite, content more than 1% (table 1).
D+F " penetrates " method and technology and looks for potassium index as following table 1
Table 1.D+F " penetrates " method and technology and looks for potassium index
2) geochemistry monitoring
Core sample, potassium content >=0.1%, magnesium ion >=0.2%, potassium ion and Mg, Sr, B, Li are proportionate.
Drilling hole position is laid:
(1) in plane, detecting shaft is arranged: along fault strike (as Fig. 7 a, b, c).
(2) on section, (as Fig. 8) is arranged in boring: normal fault downthrow block side, certain distance; Reverse fault or tendency direction, strike-slip fault face certain distance;
(3) investigation depth calculates, design formulas: H2=L2/tanA, note A-fracture and drilling well angle; ZK
2-hell is to the disconnected distance extending to earth's surface
D+F " penetrates " advantage of method
Because Deep Formation Brine sylvite ore is buried very dark usually, it is very high that target zone cost is got in all prospect pits, for this reason, the anticlinal high laying in prediction sylvite ore bed exploratory area can reconnoitre drilling well, get to the 0.3-0.7 times of degree of depth (if ore bed buried depth 3000-4000m, overburden depth is 1500-2000m), start to carry out real-time drilling observation and mineralogy observation, if find above-mentioned containing potassium index, can continue down to creep into, if do not find that index shows, then drilling well should be stopped.Prove cloth apertured position again, offset a well, utilize D+F " to penetrate " technology and continue to observe, if find that index reaches containing sylvite ore, then continue to creep into.If index does not also reach requirement, then should stop creeping into, the one-tenth potassium distant view in this exploratory area that needs to reappraise, or abandon preliminry basic research.
In addition, because Deep Formation Brine pressure anomaly is high, brine temperature and salinity are also very high, utilize this technical method, can do sth. in advance the existence of early warning high pressure-temperature bittern, carry out the well control safety precautionary measures, to accomplish the generation preventing the considerable safety such as blowout and environmental accident.
The present inventor is through the accumulation of long-term practical experience and a large amount of making thorough investigation and study and analysis, find due to formation temperature, the effect of stratum static pressure and tectonic stress, when deep layer potassium-rich brine is along block uplift to superstratum, meet with stratum pore water, and the latter mostly is fresh water or low salinity water, it is rich in carbonate, bicarbonate radical or sulfate ion will generate calcite or gypsum deposition with the calcium ion generation chemical reaction in bittern, filling fracture or fracture, mineral arteries and veins retains the information that deep layer exists bittern, so just the sylvite ore information in deep is brought to more shallow stratum from compared with deep formation.This rule phenomenon is applied to and finds in deep layer potassium-rich brine mineral deposit by inventor, develop a kind of thinking of searching deep layer potassium-rich brine mineral deposit newly, drilling well is got into the 0.3-0.7 of predetermined depth doubly, and then carry out real-time estimate to obtain containing potassium index, formation fault is fully combined with drilling well by inventor, not only save manpower, material resources and financial resources but also do sth. in advance the existence for mining early warning high pressure-temperature bittern, carry out the well control safety precautionary measures, to accomplish the generation preventing the considerable safety such as blowout and environmental accident.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the general regularity of distribution figure of stratum Deep Formation Brine,
Wherein, 1-zone of aeration; The strong water coke slurry band of 2-; 3-intermediate zone; 4-stabilized zone (primary halogen or root halogen, chloride-calcium type water);
Fig. 2 is that anticlinal axis portion fracture cage structure is grown and distribution schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 A is arch structure axle portion, At Jiangling Depression Nangang is filled in the crack, stratum of high angle calcite veins (hilllock potassium 1 well) schematic diagram by carbonate (separating out from bittern);
Fig. 3 B is the multiple fracture schematic diagram of At Jiangling Depression Nangang structure development;
The rich potassium chloride-calcium type water of crack, Fig. 4 stratum medium and deep and upper formation carbonate-type aqueous phase are met-are reacted, and form calcite (rectangle) precipitation-filling fracture schematic diagram
The rich potassium chloride-calcium type water of crack, Fig. 5 stratum medium and deep and upper formation sulfate type aqueous phase are met-are reacted, and form gypsum (rectangle) precipitation-filling fracture schematic diagram
Fig. 6 is that the D+F of detection deep layer potassium-rich brine " penetrates " technology schematic diagram,
Wherein, 1-layer of gravel; 2-sandstone; 3-mud stone; 4-halite; 5-gypsum; 6-gravel reservoir (storage potassium-rich brine ore deposit); 7-carbonate and or gypsum arteries and veins; 8-holes;
Fig. 7 a detects boring and lay floor map on normal fault downthrow block
Fig. 7 b detects boring and lays schematic diagram at strike-slip fault
Fig. 7 c detects boring and lays floor map at reverse fault
Fig. 8 detects boring and lays sectional drawing
Fig. 9 is that high yield potassium-rich brine schematic diagram got by lowland hilllock, Jiangling, Hubei potassium 1 well;
Figure 10 is lowland hilllock, Jiangling, Hubei potassium 1 well potassium-rich brine sampling schematic diagram
Detailed description of the invention
Following embodiment is provided to be to understand the present invention further better; be not limited to described embodiment; content of the present invention and protection domain are not construed as limiting; anyone is under enlightenment of the present invention or any and the present invention the present invention being carried out combining with the feature of other prior aries and draw is identical or akin product, all drops within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1, D+F " penetrate " method application example---and At Jiangling Depression hilllock potassium 1 well depth layer potassium-rich brine looks for ore deposit.
In January, 2011, hilllock potassium 1 well dark 3571 meters got into deep layer potassium-rich brine.Get into the degree of depth of 1500 meters and carry out looking for potassium index real-time drilling to observe, wherein real-time drilling observation comprises (1) drilling mud fluid Continuous Observation; (2) well drilling detritus Continuous Observation; (3) drilling well is scouted and is got core observation, and testing result is as following table 2:
The D+F of table 2. embodiment 1 " penetrates " method and technology and looks for potassium index
Observation index is carried out to salt arteries and veins sample: the mineral such as sylvite, carnallite, and content more than 1% (China geology academy of sciences Mine Ziyuan Institute, At Jiangling Depression reconnoitres annual report, and 2012,2013; Liu Chenglin, 2013).
Table 3. hilllock potassium 1 well Deep Formation Brine potassium content mark
Above-mentioned data result shows: this mining area is potassium-rich brine ore deposit.Carry on drilling well, finally got into the potassium-rich brine of HTHP high salinity, well head abnormal pressure, open flow bittern three days, well head pressure does not still subtract (Fig. 6,7).Drilling well overflow flow velocity is 180m3/h, and every day, flow can reach 4320 sides, belonged to high-yield well; Open flow mouth of pipe brine temperature is the highest 97 DEG C.Bittern KCE content reaches 1.64%, the production-grade more than 1%, is rich in the elements such as bromine, iodine, lithium, boron, Rubidium and caesium simultaneously, has good exploiting economy and is worth.Table 3 is the potassium content mark in the Deep Formation Brine of embodiment mining area.
Claims (9)
1. find the mineral-chemical method in deep layer potassium-rich brine mineral deposit, half through transmission technique that described method is, described method utilizes drilling well to combine with tomography, and the sylvite ore information of earth formation deep is taken in the stratum of superficial part by described tomography.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the degree of depth of described drilling well is that prediction contains the 0.3-0.7 of potassium depth of stratum doubly.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, when the 0.3-0.7 times of the prediction Ore bearing stratum degree of depth is got in drilling well, also needs the observation of real-time drilling chemistry with prediction or the ore-bearing potential confirming deep formation.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the observation of described real-time drilling comprises: drilling mud fluid chemical compound Continuous Observation, or well drilling detritus mineral and chemical compound Continuous Observation, or drilling well is scouted and got core thing and chemical compound observation.
5., according to the arbitrary described method of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, the steps include:
(1) covered depth of mining area potassium-rich brine is predicted;
(2) drilling well gets into the 0.3-0.7 of the degree of depth of prediction potassium-rich brine doubly;
(3) real-time drilling observation is to draw containing potassium index.
6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in described real-time drilling observation, containing potassium index, continues down drilling well if find.
7. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in described real-time drilling observation, if do not find containing potassium index, then should stop drilling well, move certain distance drilling well again, repeat step (2) (3); If index does not also reach requirement, then should stop creeping into, the one-tenth potassium distant view in this exploratory area of reappraising.
8. the arbitrary described method of claim 1 ~ 7 is at searching deep layer potassium-rich brine application to ore study.
9. the deep layer potassium-rich brine mineral deposit found of the arbitrary described method of claim 1 ~ 7.
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