CN104612647A - 可开关分层压裂固井滑套及其施工方法 - Google Patents

可开关分层压裂固井滑套及其施工方法 Download PDF

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CN104612647A
CN104612647A CN201510044880.7A CN201510044880A CN104612647A CN 104612647 A CN104612647 A CN 104612647A CN 201510044880 A CN201510044880 A CN 201510044880A CN 104612647 A CN104612647 A CN 104612647A
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宁世品
戴伟伟
梅鹏
高敏
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JEREH ENERGY SERVICES Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种可开关分层压裂固井滑套，包括外筒，外筒的上端和下端分别安装有上接头和下接头，外筒上部侧壁开有压裂口，外筒内安装有上中心管、上连接套、下中心管和下连接套。可开关分层压裂固井滑套内没有球座，可保持内壁的全通径，能够及时返排压裂液，缩短施工周期。通过底部封隔器坐封在上中心管内，从环空或者连续油管打压时，能够产生足够大的下推力，使上中心管克服对应剪切销钉的剪切力向下移动，实现固井滑套压裂口的打开。

Description

可开关分层压裂固井滑套及其施工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种油气井用井下工具，具体地说，是一种对油气井进行压裂改造的可开关分层压裂固井滑套及其施工方法。
背景技术
在水平井开发过程中，形成了多种增产改造工艺方法，固井滑套分段压裂、酸化技术是其中的一种，并在实际应用中取得了良好的效果，成为水平井分段压裂的最新发展趋势之一。目前国内外的固井滑套主要有两种形式。
第一种是通过分级投球打开固井滑套并进行分段压裂作业，压裂作业结束后，可根据生产需要保留或钻掉球座。该固井滑套的弊端是压裂结束后不能保证井筒的全通径，若要保持全通径需要额外下钻钻去球座，增加了工作量。
第二种固井滑套开和关都通过专用的开关工具实现，该固井滑套虽然保证了井筒的全通径，但是要做到层间隔离，本层压裂结束后需要及时关闭滑套才能开始下一层段的改造，最后选择性的打开滑套进行生产，增加了工作量。同时由于作业设备的提升能力限制和滑套开启的信号显示要求，滑套开启和关闭有时会存在困难。
发明内容
本发明针对上述现有技术的不足，设计了一种可开关分层压裂固井滑套及其施工方法。
本发明的可开关分层压裂固井滑套，包括外筒，外筒的上端和下端分别安装有上接头和下接头，外筒上部侧壁开有压裂口，外筒内安装有上中心管、上连接套、下中心管和下连接套。
所述的上中心管上端与上接头接触，上中心管通过剪切销钉与外筒固接，上中心管下端与上连接套上端固接。
所述的上连接套下部插接到下中心管中，并通过剪切销钉与下中心管固接。
所述的下中心管下端与下连接套固接。
优选的是，外筒上部外壁上设置有凸起，压裂口位于凸起上。
优选的是，所述的凸起沿外筒外壁周向设置有多个，每个凸起上都设置有压裂口。
优选的是，所述压裂口内充满密封脂。
优选的是，上中心管内壁上设置有开关槽。
优选的是，上中心管和下中心管都通过设置的固定环槽分别套装有第一弹性开口环和第二弹性开口环，外筒内壁上设置有第一限位环槽和第二限位环槽。
优选的是，第一弹性开口环位于第一限位环槽中，第二弹性开口环位于第二限位环槽的上方。
优选的是，第二弹性开口环与第二限位环槽之间的距离大于上中心管与压裂口下边缘之间的距离。
优选的是，第一限位环槽的槽口边缘设置有倒角，第二限位环槽的槽口边缘为直角。
一种可开关分层压裂固井滑套的施工方法，包括下述步骤：
1将压差开关滑套以及多个可开关分层固井滑套连接成管串，随固井管柱下入到井中，坐封悬挂器后注入水泥固井；
2利用通井规进行通井，清洗井筒；
3安装分层压裂的地面设备；
4井筒试压合格后憋压，打开位于最下端目的层的压差开关滑套；
5从环空大排量的泵入压裂液，对最下端目的层进行压裂改造；
6将多段压裂工具管柱下入到井筒中，利用多段压裂工具管柱设置的滑套定位器定位目的层的可开关分层固井滑套；
7通过连续油管下压多段压裂工具管柱中设置的底部封隔器，使底部封隔器坐封在上中心管或上连接套内，向环空泵入少量基液打压验封；
8验封合格后，增加环空压力，开启固井滑套；
9分别向环空和连续油管低排量泵入压裂液，进行试挤，挤开地层；
10地层挤开后，从环空大排量泵入压裂液，同时保证向连续油管小排量泵注基液，对目的层进行压裂改造；
11解封底部封隔器，将管串上提到上方的下一个目的层，再次由步骤6开始依次进行，对下一个目的层进行压裂改造。
优选的是，在进行步骤9时，若试挤失败，通过连续油管泵入酸液，对目的层进行腐蚀，降低地层破裂压力后，再次进行试挤。
优选的是，关闭可开关分层固井滑套时，将开关工具管柱下入到管串中，开关工具管柱设置的开关器进入到关闭槽中，然后上拉开关工具管柱，剪断剪切销钉，使上中心管上移，将压裂口封死。
本发明的有益效果是：可开关分层压裂固井滑套内没有球座，可保持内壁的全通径，能够及时返排压裂液，缩短施工周期。
通过底部封隔器坐封在上中心管内，从环空或者连续油管打压时，能够产生足够大的下推力，使上中心管克服对应剪切销钉的剪切力向下移动，实现固井滑套压裂口的打开。
设置的第二开口环和第二限位环槽可使固井滑套打开后固定上中心管的位置，保证封隔器和定位器上移时，可穿过上中心管，而不使上中心管上移，避免了已经打开的固井滑套因此被关闭，保证压裂作业正常进行。
第二开口环和第二限位环槽配合使开关工具管柱可向上拉动上连接套，使其克服对应剪切销钉的剪切力向上移动，从而驱动上中心管上移，将压裂口封死，实现固井滑套压裂口的关闭。
外筒外壁设置的凸起可使相对位置管柱的固井水泥厚度较薄，便于压裂作业时能够有效压穿水泥，建立压裂通道，提高作业效率和效果。凸起周向设置多个，在凸起降低水泥厚度便于进行压裂的同时，相邻两个凸起之间的外筒与固井管柱之间的距离依然较大，保证了相应部分水泥的厚度，保证了水泥管柱固井的效果。
压裂口内充满密封脂，可在水泥固井时，避免水泥进入压裂口中，防止进入压裂口中的水泥将压裂口完全封死，保证了固井滑套可正常工作。
第二弹性开口环位于第二限位环槽的上方，当上中心管下移将压裂口打开时，第二弹性开口环进入到第二限位环槽中，通过固定下中心管使上中心管位置固定，保持压裂口的打开状态。上中心管与上接头接触，压裂口处于关闭状态时，第一弹性开口环位于第一限位环槽中，将上中心管的位置固定，使压裂口保持关闭状态。
第一限位环槽的槽口边缘设置有倒角，第二限位环槽的槽口边缘为直角，使第二弹性开口环脱离第二限位环槽的阻力远大于第一弹性开口环脱离第一限位环槽的阻力，在利用开关工具管柱关闭滑套时，可使下中心管依然与外筒固定，保证上连接套可克服剪切销钉的剪切力，使上连接套与下中心管分离，正常的进行压裂口的关闭；在利用底部封隔器下压上中心管时，下压力能够使第一弹性开口环从第一限位环槽中脱出，保证下中心管能够正常下移，将压裂口打开。
第二弹性开口环与第二限位环槽之间的距离大于上中心管与压裂口下边缘之间的距离，使上中心管的移动范围能够完全的打开压裂口，保证压裂作业效果。
附图说明
附图1为开关分层压裂固井滑套的初始状态结构图；
附图2为开关分层压裂固井滑套的打开状态结构图；
附图3为开关分层压裂固井滑套的关闭状态结构图；
附图4为压差开关滑套和可开关分层固井滑套组成的管串的结构图；
附图5为多段压裂工具管柱的结构图；
附图6为开关工具管柱的结构图。
图中，1—上接头，2—外筒，3—上中心管，4—剪切销钉，5—第一弹性开口环，6—上连接套，7—下中心管，8—剪切销钉，9—下连接套，10—下接头，11—压裂口，12—凸起，13—开关槽，15—第二弹性开口环，16—第一限位环槽，17—第二限位环槽，18—压差开关滑套，19—可开关分层固井滑套，20—滑套定位器，21—底部封隔器，22—滑套定位器，23—开关器。
具体实施方式
本发明的可开关分层压裂固井滑套，如图1至3所示，包括外筒2，外筒2的上端和下端分别安装有上接头1和下接头10。
外筒2上部侧壁开有压裂口11，外筒2上部外壁上设置有凸起12，凸起12沿外筒2外壁周向设置有多个，压裂口11都位于对应的凸起12上，压裂口11内都充满密封脂，避免水泥进入，堵塞压裂口11。
外筒2内安装有上中心管3、上连接套6、下中心管7和下连接套9。
上中心管3上端与上接头1接触，上中心管3通过剪切销钉4与外筒2固接，上中心管3下端与上连接套6上端固接，上中心管3内壁上设置有开关槽13。
上连接套6下部插接到下中心管7中，并通过剪切销钉8与下中心管7固接。
下中心管7下端与下连接套9固接。
上中心管3和下中心管7都通过设置的固定环槽分别套装有第一弹性开口环5和第二弹性开口环15，外筒2内壁上设置有第一限位环槽16和第二限位环槽17。
第一弹性开口5环位于第一限位环槽16中，第二弹性开口环15位于第二限位环槽17的上方。第二弹性开口环15与第二限位环槽17之间的距离大于上中心管3与压裂口11下边缘之间的距离。第一限位环槽16的槽口边缘设置有倒角，第二限位环槽17的槽口边缘为直角。
利用可开关分层压裂固井滑套的进行固井压裂施工时，如图4所示，先将压差开关滑套18以及多个可开关分层固井滑套19连接成管串，将管串并随固井管柱下入到井中，坐封悬挂器后注入水泥固井。
水泥固井后，利用通井规进行通井，清洗井筒。安装分层压裂的地面设备。
井筒试压后憋压，打开位于最下端目的层的压差开关滑套，从环空大排量的泵入压裂液，对最下端目的层进行压裂改造。
将如图5所示的多段压裂工具管柱下入到管串中，利用多段压裂工具管柱设置的滑套定位器20定位目的层的可开关分层固井滑套19。
通过连续油管下压多段压裂工具管柱设置的底部封隔器21，使底部封隔器21坐封在上中心管3或上连接套6内。。
向环空泵入少量基液打压验封，验封合格后，增加环空压力，进行固井滑套19的开启。
环空压力升高产生向下推力推动上中心管3克服对应剪切销钉4的剪切力，使剪切销钉4断开，同时也使第一弹性开口环5从第一限位环槽16中脱出，最终使上中心管3向下移动，实现固井滑套19压裂口11的打开。
上中心管3持续向下移动，直至下连接套9下端抵到下接头10上，同时第二弹性开口环15也进入到第二限位环槽17内，对依次相连的上中心管3、上连接套6、下中心管7和下连接套9在外筒2内进行固定。
分别向环空和连续油管低排量泵入基液，进行试挤，挤开地层。若试挤失败，通过连续油管泵入酸液，对目的层进行腐蚀，降低地层破裂压力后，再次进行试挤。
地层挤开后，从环空大排量泵入压裂液，同时保证向连续油管小排量泵注压裂液，对目的层进行压裂改造。
关闭底部封隔器，将管串上提到上方的下一个目的层，滑套定位器20定位下一个目的层的可开关分层固井滑套19，然后按照上述操作方式，打开这一层的可开关分层固井滑套19，对下一个目的层进行压裂改造。
当要关闭某一个地层的可开关分层固井滑套时，将如图6所示的开关工具管柱下入到井筒中，开关工具管柱中设置滑套定位器22定位要进行关闭动作的可开关分层固井滑套。
定位后，开关工具管柱设置的开关器23进入到开关槽13中，然后上拉开关工具管柱，使其上拉上连接套6。
由于第二弹性开口环15嵌入在第二限位环槽17中而且第二弹性开口环15在第二限位环槽17的固定力较大，上拉上连接套的拉力不会将第二弹性开口环15从第二限位环槽17中拉出，下中心管7的位置被固定。
上拉上连接管6的拉力克服对应剪切销钉8的剪切力，使剪切销钉8断开，使上中心管3随着上连接管6上移，将压裂口11封死。
压裂口11被封死的同时，第一弹性开口5回到第一限位环槽16中，将上中心管3固定，使固井滑套保持关闭状态。

Claims (12)

1.一种可开关分层压裂固井滑套，其特征在于，包括外筒(2)，外筒(2)的上端和下端分别安装有上接头(1)和下接头(10)，外筒(2)上部侧壁开有压裂口(11)，外筒(2)内安装有上中心管(3)、上连接套(6)、下中心管(7)和下连接套(9)，
所述的上中心管(3)上端与上接头(1)接触，上中心管(3)通过剪切销钉(4)与外筒(2)固接，上中心管(3)下端与上连接套(6)上端固接，
所述的上连接套(6)下部插接到下中心管(7)中，并通过剪切销钉(8)与下中心管(7)固接，
所述的下中心管(7)下端与下连接套(9)固接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可开关分层压裂固井滑套，其特征在于，外筒(2)上部外壁上设置有凸起(12)，压裂口(11)位于凸起(12)上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的可开关分层压裂固井滑套，其特征在于，所述的凸起(12)沿外筒(2)外壁周向设置有多个，每个凸起(12)上都设置有压裂口(11)。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的可开关分层压裂固井滑套，其特征在于，所述压裂口(11)内充满密封脂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的可开关分层压裂固井滑套，其特征在于，上中心管(3)内壁上设置有开关槽(13)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的可开关分层压裂固井滑套，其特征在于，上中心管(3)和下中心管(7)都通过设置的固定环槽分别套装有第一弹性开口环(5)和第二弹性开口环(15)，外筒(2)内壁上设置有第一限位环槽(16)和第二限位环槽(17)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的可开关分层压裂固井滑套，其特征在于，第一弹性开口(5)环位于第一限位环槽(16)中，第二弹性开口环(15)位于第二限位环槽(17)的上方。
8.根据权利要求6所述的可开关分层压裂固井滑套，其特征在于，第二弹性开口环(15)与第二限位环槽(17)之间的距离大于上中心管(3)与压裂口(11)下边缘之间的距离。
9.根据权利要求6所述的可开关分层压裂固井滑套，其特征在于，第一限位环槽(16)的槽口边缘设置有倒角，第二限位环槽(17)的槽口边缘为直角。
10.一种权利要求1所述可开关分层压裂固井滑套的施工方法，其特征在于，包括下述步骤：
(1)将压差开关滑套以及多个可开关分层固井滑套连接成管串，随固井管柱下入到井中，坐封悬挂器后注入水泥固井；
(2)利用通井规进行通井，清洗井筒；
(3)安装分层压裂的地面设备；
(4)井筒试压合格后憋压，打开位于最下端目的层的压差开关滑套；
(5)从环空大排量的泵入压裂液，对最下端目的层进行压裂改造；
(6)将多段压裂工具管柱下入到井筒中，利用多段压裂工具管柱设置的滑套定位器定位目的层的可开关分层固井滑套；
(7)通过连续油管下压多段压裂工具管柱设置的底部封隔器，使底部封隔器坐封在上中心管或上连接套内，向环空泵入少量基液打压验封；
(8)验封合格后，增加环空压力，开启固井滑套；
(9)分别向环空和连续油管低排量泵入基液，进行试挤，挤开地层；
(10)地层挤开后，从环空大排量泵入压裂液，同时保证向连续油管小排量泵注基液，对目的层进行压裂改造；
(11)解封底部封隔器，将管串上提到上方的下一个目的层，再次由步骤(6)开始依次进行，对下一个目的层进行压裂改造。
11.一种权利要求10所述可开关分层压裂固井滑套的施工方法，其特征在于，在进行步骤(9)时，若试挤失败，通过连续油管泵入酸液，对目的层进行腐蚀，降低地层破裂压力后，再次进行试挤。
12.一种权利要求10所述可开关分层压裂固井滑套的施工方法，其特征在于，关闭可开关分层固井滑套时，将开关工具管柱下入到井筒中，开关工具管柱设置的开关器进入到关闭槽中，然后上拉开关工具管柱，剪断剪切销钉(8)，使上中心管上移，将压裂口封死。
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