CN104602902A - Fire guards and materials therefor - Google Patents

Fire guards and materials therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104602902A
CN104602902A CN201380047382.7A CN201380047382A CN104602902A CN 104602902 A CN104602902 A CN 104602902A CN 201380047382 A CN201380047382 A CN 201380047382A CN 104602902 A CN104602902 A CN 104602902A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
chamber
protective layer
port
materials
mentioned
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201380047382.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
爱德华-华生·海恩斯
史蒂芬·怀斯
安德鲁-约翰·戈顿
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WILLIAMS GRAND PRIX ENGINEERING Ltd
Original Assignee
WILLIAMS GRAND PRIX ENGINEERING Ltd
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Publication of CN104602902A publication Critical patent/CN104602902A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B18/00—Layered products essentially comprising ceramics, e.g. refractory products
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C2/00—Fire prevention or containment
    • A62C2/06—Physical fire-barriers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/02—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
    • B32B9/007—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile comprising carbon, e.g. graphite, composite carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/4501—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with preformed sheet-like elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/105—Ceramic fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/304—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
    • B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2313/00—Elements other than metals
    • B32B2313/04—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2315/00—Other materials containing non-metallic inorganic compounds not provided for in groups B32B2311/00 - B32B2313/04
    • B32B2315/02—Ceramics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
    • B32B2457/10—Batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08—Cars
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A motor land vehicle (10) includes a fire-guarded battery pack chamber (12) containing a battery system (22), the chamber having a relief port (34) with a bust disk (36), the chamber having a fire guard including a sheet of material comprising a first protective material which is ceramic and a second protective layer which is a carbon material.

Description

Firebreak device and material thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to the multilayer material for containing heat and/or flame, comprising the firebreak device of this material and such as comprising the equipment of vehicle of described firebreak device.
Background technology
Can break down because of catching fire if some known batteries overcharge.This is not only related to the problem of battery self; When such battery be placed on the intensity of a fire can spread near the position of combustible material time, will more serious problem be there is.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to alleviate above-mentioned the problems of the prior art at least to a certain extent.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of multilayer material for containing heat and/or flame, described multilayer material comprises:
Comprise the first protective layer of ceramic material; And
Comprise the second protective layer of material with carbon element.
In certain embodiments, described first protective layer comprises aluminium oxide, silica or alumino silicate ceramic material.Described ceramic material preferably includes one or more layers ceramic paper.In a preferred embodiment, the first protective layer comprises one deck or multilayer, is preferably two-layer alumina fibre paper.Described ceramic material layer preferably has the thickness of about 2-10mm, is preferably about 2-5mm.
In certain embodiments, described second protective layer comprises it can be carbon felt or the material with carbon element that can be used as foam or honeycomb.Preferably, described material with carbon element is a kind of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) material with carbon element of pre-oxidation.Preferably, described second protective layer comprises carbon felt.
In certain embodiments, described second protective layer has the thickness of about 1-5mm, is preferably about 1-4mm.
In certain embodiments, described multilayer material also comprises structure sheaf, and it is preferably adjacent to described first protective layer.Described structure sheaf can be formed by any solid material, such as, comprise polymeric material, metal, metal alloy or any mixture in them.
In certain embodiments, described structure sheaf is formed by core material and coating (just as comprises the plate of core material and coating).Described coating preferably includes thermosetting resin.Described thermosetting resin coating can comprise carbon fiber reinforcement.Described thermosetting resin can be epoxy or phenolic resins, is preferably epoxy resin, preferably has carbon fiber reinforcement.Described core material can comprise metal or metal alloy, such as aluminium alloy (being preferably the aluminium alloy of 5000 series).In alternative embodiment, described core material comprises aramid fiber polymeric compound material, is preferably meta-aramid.In certain embodiments, described core material comprises meta-aramid polymer, is preferably poly-(mpd-i).Described aramid fiber, metal or metal alloy material preferably provide with sheet, and to form loose structure, preferably, described loose structure is alveolate texture.Described structure sheaf is preferably sandwich, and it accompanies core material between the coatings.
In certain embodiments, the thickness of described structure sheaf is about 5-12mm, is preferably about 6-9mm.
In described preferred multilayer material, described first protective layer is adjacent to described second protective layer.Preferably have in the embodiment of structure sheaf at one, described first protective layer can be arranged between described structure sheaf and described second protective layer.In certain embodiments, sealant and/or adhesive can be present in any structure, between the first protective layer and the second protective layer, or between the outer surface arrived.
In certain embodiments, the thickness proportion of described first protective layer and described second protective layer is 2:1 to 1:1.In certain embodiments, described structure sheaf and described first protective layer, and the thickness proportion of the second protective layer is 6-3:2-1:1.
Another aspect provides a kind of firebreak device, this device comprises the sheet material of the above-mentioned aspect of the present invention.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of fire prevention chamber, and described fire prevention chamber comprises the battery pack arranging its inside, and described chamber comprises the firebreak device of above-mentioned aspect.
The roof at least described chamber is formed by described sheet material.
Described fire prevention chamber can for sealing or seal substantially.
Described fire prevention chamber can comprise a port, and by using predetermined pressure on described port, described port opens externally space from described chamber, and described port is arranged on the bottom in described chamber, and described port preferably includes burst disk.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of fire prevention chamber, described fire prevention chamber comprises battery pack and port, and by using predetermined pressure on described port, described port opens externally space from described chamber, described port is arranged on the bottom in described chamber, and described port preferably includes burst disk.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of equipment, and described equipment comprises the fire prevention chamber described in above-mentioned either side and the groove for holding fuel.
Described groove can be adjacent to described fire prevention chamber, or on described fire prevention chamber.
Described equipment can comprise motor vehicles, such as motor-driven land vehicle.Also it is contemplated that for picture ups system, in other environment of aircraft or spacecraft.
Described battery pack can comprise the traction battery group of motor vehicles.
Described traction battery group is used for the dynamical system motor (or generator) electric energy being provided to motor vehicles, and/or receives electric energy from the dynamical system motor (or generator) of these motor vehicles.
When described generator is used in the Signal transmissions of the braking commands sent in instruction vehicle, be provided for the electric energy that described battery pack is charged.
Accompanying drawing explanation
According to unrestriced embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention implements to implement by various mode, preferred material and equipment.Wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the motor vehicles comprising preferred fire prevention battery cavity, and battery cavity wherein uses the preferred multilayer material according to preferred embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of described battery cavity;
Fig. 3 is the upward view of described battery cavity; And
Fig. 4 is that described battery cavity is covered the schematic diagram removed.
Detailed description of the invention
Below discuss in detail for infinite.
At this, " ceramic material " is a kind of inorganic crystal material.Should be understandable that, ceramic material is herein aluminium oxide, silica or alumino silicate ceramic, and other composition also can join in ceramic crystal structure herein.Therefore, in aluminium oxide ceramics, aluminium oxide is that main oxide exists, but other oxide comprises silica also can be existed.
" ceramic paper " is herein a kind of flexible sheet and ceramic material containing ceramic fibre and optionally binder form.Described ceramic fibre is fire-resistant any material, such as, and fire-resistant alumina fibre.
Carbon fiber can from polyacrylonitrile (PAN)." the polyacrylonitrile material with carbon element of pre-oxidation " is a kind of material formed by the PAN carbon fiber of pre-oxidation, and it is selectively processed further, such as, form felt.Described pre-oxidation material can be passed through oxidation or can preferably exist with the form of pre-oxidation.
" carbon felt " herein means non-woven fabrics, containing carbon fabric, it is formed by the carbon fiber compressed.Carbon felt is preferably formed by polyacrylonitrile (PAN) material with carbon element of pre-oxidation.This can be called as the PAN carbon felt of pre-oxidation.
" aluminium alloy " refers to a kind of aluminium that exists at this, is preferably the alloy of major metal (calculating in mass) with aluminium.Other composition existed can comprise, such as, and Cu, Mg, Mn, Si and Zn.The aluminium alloy used herein is preferably almag, such as, and 5000 series alloys.
" aramid fiber " is aromatic polyamides herein.The aromatic polyamides that the amido link that aramid fiber is preferably at least 85% is directly connected with two aromatic rings.
" honeycomb " structure or structure comprise the hollow cell array formed between wall.Described unit is generally hexagon.
Example
test program
The described test program for assessment of the applicability degree of multilayer material in the suppression system of lithium ion battery is based on US Federal Aviation Administration Advisory Circulars 20-135: the installation of power set and the flammability test method of propulsion system assembly, standard and criterion (POWERPLANT INSTALLATION AND PROPULSION SYSTEM COMPONENT FIRE PROTECTION TEST METHODS, STANDARDS, AND CRITERIA).
Test material is provided with gas flame, and gas flame is with the surface of the direct shock-testing material of the distance of about 20mm.Use propane gas tank, set temperature is in testing 980 oc to 1020 oc.As can the object of compare test, by 1000 othe flame temperature of C is as target.
Propane flame is arranged on the very near position of distance test material surface.Electroheat pair for testing " flame " temperature is arranged on before test material surface.At the opposite side of plate, thermocouple is bonded in center by adhesive tape.These two temperature values are monitored in the whole process of test by Frank's universal meter.Carry out meticulous air inlet adjustment, to keep peak flame temperature.Usually, initial flame temperature is approximately 960 oc, 10 minutes or more for a long time after rise to 1020 oC.
The condition being applicable to the material of suppression system of the present invention is, described material has minimum thickness, minimum weight, can keep out directly on 1000 of its surface oCthe flame of temperature reaches 15 minutes or more of a specified duration, maintains structural intergrity simultaneously, and provides enough heat insulation, to protect the fuel tank container that can be adjacent to described suppression system.
Multilayer material of the present invention can be good at realizing above-mentioned technique effect and meets above-mentioned standard, and by contrast, much the combined material of other material all cannot meet above-mentioned requirements.
Material for the protection of layer test comprises pre-oxidation PAN carbon felt, titanium alloy foil, aerosil, flaky pottery, polyimide foam (Solimide), fire-resistant alumina fibre paper (Kaowool 1600 paper) and alumina-boria-silica fabric (Nextel 312), as in the form that the difference in table 1 combines.Various sandwich plate material is that structure sheaf is tested.Board core material material comprises Nomex (poly-(mpd-i)), aluminium alloy and ceramic wafer (Cotronics 360-1).
Table 1: material combines test and test gathers.Inner surface is closest to gas flame.
Described pre-oxidation PAN non-woven fabrics carbon felt is proved to be the flame barrier thing that can be high-quality.In the strictest test, described carbon felt in the experience temperature of 40 minutes more than 1000 oafter the flame of C directly impacts, be only subject to slight decomposition.Described titanium alloy foil by when be used as direct flame barrier thing time, poor performance.Observed and be significantly out of shape and fade, the thermal protective performance that its CFR-epoxy sandwich plate below provides is not good enough yet.Potsherd (Cotronics 360-1) is perfect after the direct flame impingement of 15 minutes on its surface, but top layer has decomposed significantly.Result as shown in table 1 indicates pottery and provides better protective value with carbon felt composition compared with other material.
It is the combination of the pre-oxidation PAN non-woven fabrics carbon felt of 1.8mm that multilayer material for the test of full-scale test battery containment case comprises by thick kaowool 1600 ceramic paper (88% aluminium oxide, 9% silica, 3% other oxide) of two-layer 1.4mm and the usual thickness of one deck.The structure sheaf provided comprises with aluminium alloy (5052 alloy) honeycomb core (6.525 mm are thick) and the sandwich plate of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy matrix skin (each 0.6 mm is thick) being arranged on its both sides.Aluminium alloy due to the high-intensity performance shown in stress analysis, and as test material.In application aspect, substituting core material can be used.Such as, a kind of alternative and lighter core material is Nomex honeycomb core.
In the test of test battery containment case, after lithium ionic cell unit igniting, flame meeting sustained combustion is until burn totally.Outside temperature is not more than 50 oC.When taking apart, the structural intergrity of described multilayer material is not destroyed.Can show that the combination of described material is applicable to the conclusion of the containment to lithium ion battery.
Preferred material as herein described can be incorporated in a suppression system, to provide owing to overcharging or the fire resistance of batteries caught fire that other fault causes.This suppression system is found the diffusion that can limit flame and heat in 15 minutes or time more of a specified duration.
Fig. 1 illustrates the example according to the motor-driven land vehicle 10 in a wherein embodiment, described vehicle comprises the fire prevention battery cavity 12 be arranged on below fuel bath 14, described fuel bath 14 is internal combustion engine 18(such as IC internal combustion engine by burning line 16) provide liquid or gaseous fuel, for providing traction electric power at least one ground drive wheels 20 of motor-driven land vehicle 10.
Described battery cavity 12 comprise lithium base (such as, lithium ion) traction battery system 22, described traction battery system 22 is by the electric motor power of traction, together with internal combustion engine 18, or drive vehicle as the substitute electric power of internal combustion engine 18, described traction battery system is by traditional mode, such as charged by the generator (not shown) of vehicle 10, this generator is from internal combustion engine 18 and/or by driving regenerative braking capability, this generator wherein in an embodiment can re-construct as the motor for providing above-mentioned traction electric motor power.
As shown in Figure 4, described battery system 22 is fixed on rectangular base 24 place in described chamber 12 by supporter 26.Described chamber 12 also can arrange have rectangular top surface 30 and four rectangle sides 32(Fig. 2 shown in wherein two) lid 28, when lid 28 covers under described base 24, described four sides 32, lid 28 and base 24 form the shell of the described battery system 22 of accommodation that seals or roughly seal.
The top surface 30 of at least described lid 28 and preferably cover 28 at least part of side 32 and general all sides 32 be made up of multilayer material, described multilayer material layer comprises the sandwich plate of the carbon fiber epoxy surface with aluminum alloy honeycomb core, add two panels alumina fibre ceramic paper, this alumina fibre ceramic paper mends the PAN non-woven fabrics carbon felt having one deck pre-oxidation, described ceramic paper and carbon felt are fixed by covering, and described covering comprises one deck aramid fiber epoxy radicals compound fabric.Selectively, described base 24 also can be made up of this material.
Described base 24 wraps the discharge port through circular hole 34 form, and described circular hole 34 is arranged through described base 24, and is positioned under described battery system 22, and circular safety dividing plate 36 is arranged in described circular hole 34.
If battery system breaks down, such as, spend charging more, cause catching fire, first there is the limited amount oxygen that can supply fire.If lasting catching fire, and the pressure increase in described chamber 12, described discharge port 34,36 advantageously with predetermined pressure, can be opened by the mode of breaking through described burst disk 36.Therefore, avoid the generation of crushing pressure, make described chamber 12 not blast or carry out release pressure in uncontrolled mode.In addition, relatively little discharge port 34 can allow the combustion product of fire to flow out described chamber 12 while restriction enters described chamber 12 containing oxygen air inversion.In addition, described combustion product is advantageously downward discharges from described chamber 12 and away from described fuel bath 14.
In addition, and if when fire is burning also when lasting, the described preferred laminated material for forming described chamber 12 provides the lasting superior fire prevention more than 15 minutes and heat trnasfer limiting performance.Even the fuel bath 14 comprising fuel is placed near chamber 12; side or when being positioned on described chamber 12; the superior function in described chamber 12 contributes to guaranteeing that fire and/or heat can not make flame on fuel bath or near zone, or other position outburst of motor-driven land vehicle 10.
It is contemplated that, also provide multiple similar floss hole 34,36 by the base 24 in described chamber 12 in other embodiments.
Can imagine and various amendment is carried out to described specific embodiment, and these amendments should be considered to fall in the scope that claims of explaining according to Patent Law limit.

Claims (35)

1., for containing the multilayer material of heat and/or flame, this material comprises:
First protective layer, it comprises ceramic material; And
Second protective layer, it comprises material with carbon element.
2. material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described first protective layer comprises aluminium oxide, silica or alumino silicate ceramic material.
3. material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described ceramic material comprises one or more layers ceramic paper.
4. the material as described in above-mentioned any one claim, is characterized in that, described first protective layer comprises one or more layers alumina fibre paper.
5. the material as described in above-mentioned any one claim, is characterized in that, the preferred thickness of described ceramic material layer is about 2-10mm, is more preferably about 2-5mm.
6. the material as described in above-mentioned any one claim, is characterized in that, described second protective layer comprises carbon felt.
7. the material as described in above-mentioned any one claim, is characterized in that, described material with carbon element is the polyacrylonitrile material with carbon element of pre-oxidation.
8. the material as described in above-mentioned any one claim, is characterized in that, the thickness of described second protective layer is about 1-5mm, is preferably about 1-4mm.
9. the material as described in above-mentioned any one claim, is characterized in that, described material also comprises structure sheaf.
10. material as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, described structure sheaf is formed by the plate comprising core material and coating.
11. materials as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that, described coating comprises thermosetting resin.
12. materials as described in claim 10 or 11, it is characterized in that, described coating comprises carbon fiber reinforcement.
13. materials according to any one of claim 10 to 12, it is characterized in that, described thermosetting resin is epoxy or phenolic resins, preferably has carbon fiber reinforcement.
14. materials according to any one of claim 10 to 13, it is characterized in that, described core material comprises metal alloy, metal, aramid fiber polymeric compound material, or their mixing.
15. materials as described in any one of claim 10 to 14, it is characterized in that, described core material comprises aluminium alloy.
16. materials as described in any one of claim 10 to 15, it is characterized in that, described core material provides with sheet, arranges to form loose structure, and preferably described loose structure is alveolate texture.
17. materials according to any one of claim 10 to 16, it is characterized in that, the thickness of described structure sheaf is about 5-12mm, is preferably about 6-9mm.
18. materials as described in above-mentioned any one claim, it is characterized in that, described first protective layer is 2:1 to 1:1 with the ratio of the thickness of described second protective layer.
19. materials according to any one of claim 10 to 18, it is characterized in that, described first protective layer is arranged between described structure sheaf and described second protective layer.
20. materials as described in above-mentioned arbitrary claim, is characterized in that, in structure sheaf, the first protective layer and the second protective layer or its outside arbitrarily between, there is sealant layer and/or adhesive phase.
21. fire protection devices, it comprises the flaky material described in aforementioned any one claim.
22. fire prevention chambeies, it comprises the battery pack be arranged in described chamber, and described chamber comprises firebreak device as claimed in claim 21.
23. prevent fires chamber as claimed in claim 22, and it is characterized in that, the roof at least described chamber is formed by flaky material.
24. prevent fires chamber as claimed in claim 23, it is characterized in that, described chamber is sealing or roughly seals.
25. prevent fires chamber as claimed in claim 24, it is characterized in that, it comprises port, and this port is set to externally open in space from described chamber when applying predetermined pressure in port, described port is arranged on the bottom in described chamber, and described port preferably includes burst disk.
26. fire prevention chambeies, it comprises battery pack and port, and this port is set to externally open in space from described chamber when applying predetermined pressure to port, and described port is arranged on the bottom in described chamber, and described port preferably includes burst disk.
27. 1 kinds of equipment, it comprises the fire prevention chamber according to any one of claim 22-26 and the groove for holding fuel.
28. equipment as claimed in claim 27, is characterized in that, described slot is in adjacent with described fire prevention chamber or above described fire prevention chamber.
29. equipment as described in claim 27 or 28, it is characterized in that, described equipment comprises motor vehicles.
30. equipment as claimed in claim 29, it is characterized in that, described battery pack comprises the traction battery group of described motor vehicles.
31. equipment as claimed in claim 30, it is characterized in that, described traction battery group is used for the dynamical system motor (or generator) electric energy being provided to motor vehicles, and/or receives electric energy from the dynamical system motor (or generator) of these motor vehicles.
32. equipment as claimed in claim 31, is characterized in that, described generator can operate with when indicating the signal of the braking commands sent in vehicle to be transmitted, and provides electric energy for charging to described battery pack.
33. materials, its that's about the size of it place is in conjunction with described in example.
34. fire prevention chambeies, its roughly as this by reference to the accompanying drawings as described in.
35. motor-driven land vehicles, its roughly as this by reference to the accompanying drawings as described in.
CN201380047382.7A 2012-07-20 2013-07-19 Fire guards and materials therefor Pending CN104602902A (en)

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GB1213029.0 2012-07-20
GB1213029.0A GB2505871A (en) 2012-07-20 2012-07-20 Flame or heat resistant material comprising ceramic and carbon layers
PCT/GB2013/000316 WO2014013216A1 (en) 2012-07-20 2013-07-19 Fire guards and materials therefor

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WO2014013216A1 (en) 2014-01-23
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GB2505871A (en) 2014-03-19
EP2874810A1 (en) 2015-05-27

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