CN104596894A - Spiral adjustable constant-temperature device for measuring surface tension of liquid and electricity measurement and control method thereof - Google Patents
Spiral adjustable constant-temperature device for measuring surface tension of liquid and electricity measurement and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104596894A CN104596894A CN201510042916.8A CN201510042916A CN104596894A CN 104596894 A CN104596894 A CN 104596894A CN 201510042916 A CN201510042916 A CN 201510042916A CN 104596894 A CN104596894 A CN 104596894A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a spiral adjustable constant-temperature device for measuring surface tension of liquid and an electricity measurement and control method thereof. The device is characterized in that a top plug (3) is provided with a threaded hole (7) and an atmosphere connection hole (8), wherein a constant-temperature bottle (1) is provided with the top plug (3); a conductive glass capillary (2) is installed in the thread hole (7) of the top plug (3) through a thread bushing; a carbon stick electrode (5) is inserted in the constant-temperature bottle (1) through the atmosphere connection hole (8); a power supply (10), a galvanometer (6), the conductive glass capillary (2) and the carbon stick electrode (5) are in series connected into a circuit by leads (9). When the conductive glass capillary (2) is above a liquid level and doesn't contact with the liquid level, the current is zero on the galvanometer; upper and lower rotary thread bushings are linked with the conductive glass capillary, once the display number is from nonexistence to existence on the galvanometer, namely the orifice of the conductive glass capillary is just tangent to the liquid level. The device is simple in structure, convenient to operate, and precise in adjustment; besides the surface tension of different-concentration solutions can be measured at the constant temperature, and the measurement accuracy and the operation efficiency are high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of surface tension apparatus and the electricity investigating method thereof that utilize maximum bubble method mensuration solution surface tension, be applied to enterprise, scientific research institution and Scientific Research in University Laboratory.
Background technology
The surface tension of liquid is the important parameter characterizing liquid property, is also the basic index of chemical products factory inspection.It acts on liquid surface, makes the power that liquid surface area reduces, is called surface tension of liquid.Its Producing reason is that the surface that liquid follows gas to contact exists a thin layer, and be called superficial layer, the molecular proportion liquid internal in superficial layer is sparse, and intermolecular distance is larger than liquid internal, and intermolecular interaction shows as gravitation.
At present, the surface tension of liquid adopts maximum bubble pressure method to measure.Fig. 1 is kapillary and liquid level effect schematic diagram, and Fig. 2 is that maximum bubble pressure method measures one of surface tension of liquid device schematic diagram, and Fig. 3 is that maximum bubble pressure method measures surface tension of liquid device schematic diagram two.In testing liquid, inserting a radius is the kapillary of r, makes capillary exit just tangent with liquid level, is blown into a minimum bubble through kapillary, and its radius is just equal with capillary radius, and this moment, bubble inner pressure power is maximum, equals the surface tension of liquid.According to Laplace formula, bubble maximum pressure is:
.
During measurement, it is darker that kapillary inserts liquid level, and need the pressure of antagonism larger during bubble effusion, measured surface tension value is bigger than normal, and experimental error is larger; Kapillary should be made to be positioned at phase co-altitude, and document generally believes as far as possible, and each measurement all should control capillary exit and liquid level is just tangent, and the position that kapillary gos deep into liquid level is identical, and be namely positioned at identical " elemental height ", experimental result is the most accurate.When measuring variable concentrations solution surface tension, if when measuring each, the insertion depth of kapillary is different, and " stochastic error " of experiment cannot be estimated.
The substance of liquid surface tension detection experiment Shi Ge colleges and universities specialty chemical Physical Chemistry Experiment, several measurement mechanisms of current use in use also exist various problem, as capillary tip cannot be adjusted to liquid level to be measured accurately tangent by device, cause measuring result error large; Cannot thermostat be used, therefore can not measure the surface tension of solution during different temperatures; When measuring variable concentrations solution surface tension, the solution of variable concentrations must be prepared in advance, METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION cannot be carried out in original solution, waste financial resources, material resources and manpower, cause the pollution of environment; Instrument cannot configure stirring apparatus, when measuring the smaller solution of solubleness, causes larger error.
There is following problem in the surface tension test of the liquid of Fig. 2:
1. complex structure: kapillary and grinding port plug are fixedly linked, cleans and takes inconvenience;
2. regulating liquid surface is inconvenient: the tap funnel piston regulating liquid surface height out of true utilizing device bottom, and regulated not at that time, liquid level easily declines too much, needs to rejoin solution, and repeated multiple times adjustment can cause waste, and work efficiency reduces simultaneously;
3. measurement range is limited: because capillary position is fixed, when liquor capacity changes, the tangent of kapillary and liquid level cannot be regulated, when therefore measuring the surface tension of variable concentrations solution, need variable concentrations solution all to prepare in advance to measure again, easily cause the error of measurement result, make the sectional area calculated value error of solute molecule larger.
The surface tension test of the liquid of Fig. 3 adds constant temperature jacket, can measure the surface tension of solution under different temperatures, but there is following shortcoming:
1. kapillary is fixed by punching rubber stopper, by plug the height of kapillary regulate kapillary and liquid level tangent, wayward, cause the error of measurement result:
2., in measuring process, when solution total amount changes, need to readjust the tangent, very inconvenient of kapillary and liquid level;
3., when measuring variable concentrations solution, the design of fixed plug is inconvenient to clean kapillary, and the interpolation of sample.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: a kind of screw-adjusting isothermal liquid surface tension apparatus and electricity investigating method thereof are provided, by electricity observing and controlling fine adjustment capillary tip and liquid level to be measured accurately tangent, energy constant temperature measurement variable concentrations solution surface tension, structure is simple, easy to operate, improve measurement accuracy and work efficiency.
Technical solution of the present invention is: this liquid surface tension detection device comprises constant temperature bottle, electro-conductive glass kapillary, top plug and thread bush, threaded hole is established at the center of top plug, the threaded hole of top plug is other establishes air connectivity hole, on constant temperature bottle, top plug is installed in sealing, electro-conductive glass kapillary is set with thread bush, electro-conductive glass kapillary interted by thread bush be arranged on top plug threaded hole in, overall form screw-adjusting isothermal liquid surface tension apparatus.
Wherein, this liquid surface tension detection device also comprises carbon electrode, power supply and galvanometer, and carbon electrode inserts in constant temperature bottle through air connectivity hole, and power supply and galvanometer and electro-conductive glass kapillary and carbon electrode are connected into series circuit by wire.
Wherein, the electricity investigating method of employing screw-adjusting isothermal liquid surface tension apparatus is:
The first step: install liquid surface tension detection device;
Second step: allow electro-conductive glass kapillary more than liquid level, do not contact with liquid level, in galvanometer display circuit, electric current is zero;
3rd step: rotate thread bush interlock electro-conductive glass kapillary up and down, the mouth of pipe of electro-conductive glass kapillary inserts liquid level, and electro-conductive glass kapillary and carbon electrode form a closed-loop path, and have electric current to flow through in galvanometer display circuit, reometer has registration;
4th step: repeat the action of the 3rd step, rotates thread bush interlock electro-conductive glass kapillary up and down, once registration is grown out of nothing in galvanometer, namely show this moment the mouth of pipe of electro-conductive glass kapillary and liquid level just tangent.
advantage of the present invention is:
1. the regulative mode of electro-conductive glass kapillary spiral, overcomes the randomness of manually plug kapillary regulative mode, is accurately adjusted to by kapillary any " specified altitude assignment ",
reduce systematic error;
2. the regulative mode of electro-conductive glass kapillary spiral, in conjunction with electricity investigating method, can detect capillary exit and whether liquid liquid level to be measured is tangent, thus controls kapillary and liquid level and be in all the time identical " starting point height " when each measurement,
reducerange estimation brings
accidental error.
3. constant temperature bottle can accurately control survey temperature, simple and clear, can the surface tension of Measurement accuracy different temperatures solution;
4. the threaded hole of top cover doublely can do well, coordinates the use of different range pipettor, facilitates accurate, the quick application of sample of pipettor, saves laboratory time, add the accuracy of joined solution concentration;
5. this liquid surface tension detection device can support the use with magnetic stirring apparatus, and make solution concentration even, measurement result is accurate;
6. structure is simple, and small-sized integrated, convenient and swift operation, saves time, and constant temperature, stirring operation are all very convenient;
7. each part detachable, the cleaning such as electro-conductive glass kapillary, top cover, constant temperature bottle, dry very convenient.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is kapillary and liquid level effect schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is that maximum bubble pressure method measures one of surface tension of liquid device schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that maximum bubble pressure method measures surface tension of liquid device schematic diagram two.
Fig. 4 is kapillary insertion depth schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is electro-conductive glass kapillary schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is top plug schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is the principle schematic of the electricity investigating method of screw-adjusting isothermal liquid surface tension apparatus.
Fig. 8 is variable concentrations solution surface tension and application of sample process schematic.
Fig. 9 is 20
ovariable concentrations normal butyl alcohol surface tension and relative concentration graph of a relation during C.
Figure 10 is 20
oduring C in n-butanol aqueous solution
-
graph of a relation.
In figure: 1 constant temperature bottle, 2 electro-conductive glass kapillaries, 3 top plugs, 4 thread bushs, 5 carbon electrodes, 6 galvanometers, 7 threaded holes, 8 air connectivity holes, 9 wires, 10 power supplys.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described.
As illustrated in figs. 5-7, this liquid surface tension detection device comprises constant temperature bottle 1, electro-conductive glass kapillary 2, top plug 3 and thread bush 4, threaded hole 7 is established at the center of top plug 3, the threaded hole 7 of top plug 3 is other establishes air connectivity hole 8, on constant temperature bottle 1, top plug 3 is installed in sealing, electro-conductive glass kapillary 2 is set with thread bush 4, electro-conductive glass kapillary 2 is arranged in the threaded hole 7 of top plug 3 by thread bush 4 is interspersed, overall formation screw-adjusting isothermal liquid surface tension apparatus.
Wherein, this liquid surface tension detection device also comprises carbon electrode 5, power supply 10 and galvanometer 6, carbon electrode 5 inserts in constant temperature bottle 1 through air connectivity hole 8, and power supply 10 and galvanometer 6 are connected into series circuit with electro-conductive glass kapillary 2 and carbon electrode 5 by wire 9.
As shown in Fig. 4,7, the electricity investigating method of employing screw-adjusting isothermal liquid surface tension apparatus is:
The first step: install liquid surface tension detection device;
Second step: allow electro-conductive glass kapillary more than liquid level, do not contact with liquid level, in galvanometer display circuit, electric current is zero;
3rd step: rotate thread bush interlock electro-conductive glass kapillary up and down, the mouth of pipe of electro-conductive glass kapillary inserts liquid level, and electro-conductive glass kapillary and carbon electrode form a closed-loop path, and have electric current to flow through in galvanometer display circuit, reometer has registration;
4th step: repeat the action of the 3rd step, rotates thread bush interlock electro-conductive glass kapillary up and down, once registration is grown out of nothing in galvanometer, namely show this moment the mouth of pipe of electro-conductive glass kapillary and liquid level just tangent.
As shown in Figure 8, liquid to be measured for certain volume is loaded in constant temperature bottle, drop into stirrer, cover top plug; Connect power supply, galvanometer, electro-conductive glass kapillary, carbon electrode form electric loop; Rotate to regulate in electro-conductive glass kapillary to galvanometer and produce registration instantaneously, now electro-conductive glass kapillary is just tangent with liquid liquid level to be measured, measures now solution surface tension numerical value; After measurement, take out the cleaning of electro-conductive glass kapillary, and continue to add determinand from the threaded hole of top cover, magnetic stirrer makes solution concentration even, rotary conductive glass capillary, makes it again tangent with liquid level of solution, continues to measure solution surface tension, circulation like this, can measure the surface tension of variable concentrations solution.
embodiment 1:the surface tension test of variable concentrations n-butanol aqueous solution and n-butanol molecule sectional area calculate
One, instrument and medicine: super constant temperature trough 1 overlaps, magnetic stirring apparatus 1,
Screw-adjusting isothermal liquid surface tension apparatus 1 overlaps, microsyringe (1mL),
,
.
Two, experimental procedure
1, regulating super constant temperature trough to temperature assigned temperature, is (20 in the present embodiment
0.05) DEG C;
2, carefully clean constant temperature bottle, kapillary, and dry; Install instrument by diagram, in tap funnel, fill water, connect thermostatted water; Accurately measure 35mL distilled water with transfer pipet and inject constant temperature bottle, put into magneton simultaneously; Rotary adjustable kapillary produces registration to galvanometer, and capillary exit and liquid level are just tangent this moment;
3, slowly open tap funnel piston, water is slowly dripped, when pressure is increased to a certain degree, namely have bubble to overflow; Regulate oozing of water, bubble is become by capillary exit and singly steeps effusion, speed is advisable with 15/min bubble; From pressure gauge read bubble just overflowed capillary exit moment pressure, repeat to read 3 times, average;
4, the surface tension of the n-butanol aqueous solution of variable concentrations is measured; Take off above-mentioned adjustable capillary tube, with acetone scoured wool tubule, then electricity consumption dries up; The normal butyl alcohol getting 0.07mL injects constant temperature bottle; The good kapillary of device again, opens magnetic stirring apparatus, stirs 1min, normal butyl alcohol is mixed with water; Again regulate in kapillary to galvanometer and have registration, kapillary and liquid level are accurately tangent, with experimental procedure 3, and chart surface tension; Add 0.014mL, 0.014mL, 0.014mL, 0.014mL, 0.014mL, 0.35mL, 0.35mL normal butyl alcohol successively, △ P when simultaneously reading variable concentrations n-butanol aqueous solution from pressure gauge respectively.
Three, data record and process:
Table 1 is 20
othe raw data table of the surface tension test of C n-butanol aqueous solution, does according to the data in table
-
graph of a relation, as shown in Figure 9, obtaining isothermal curve equation through over-fitting is:
,
-
curve is got 6 points, according to formula (1):
, obtain adsorbance
, calculate further
, data are listed in table 2, with
-
mapping, as shown in Figure 10, linear fit equation is:
, according to the relation of molecular cross sectional area and saturated extent of adsorption
, can 20 be calculated
oduring C, n-butanol molecule sectional area is A=2.02 × 10
-19, with literature value 2.4 ~ 3.2 × 10
-19close; Same procedure records 25
oc, 30
oc, 35
oc, 40
oc, 45
oduring C, the molecular cross sectional area of normal butyl alcohol is all 2.00 ~ 2.40 × 10
-19in scope, data accurately and reliably.
Table 1. 20
othe surface tension test raw data table of C butanol solution
Table 2. adsorbance
ask the certificate that counts
Claims (3)
1. screw-adjusting isothermal liquid surface tension apparatus, it is characterized in that: this liquid surface tension detection device comprises constant temperature bottle (1), electro-conductive glass kapillary (2), top plug (3) and thread bush (4), threaded hole (7) is established at the center on top plug (3), the threaded hole (7) on top plug (3) is other establishes air connectivity hole (8), top plug (3) is installed in the upper sealing of constant temperature bottle (1), electro-conductive glass kapillary (2) is set with thread bush (4), electro-conductive glass kapillary (2) is arranged in the threaded hole (7) on top plug (3) by thread bush (4) is interspersed, overall formation screw-adjusting isothermal liquid surface tension apparatus.
2. screw-adjusting isothermal liquid surface tension apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this liquid surface tension detection device also comprises carbon electrode (5), power supply (10) and galvanometer (6), carbon electrode (5) inserts in constant temperature bottle (1) through air connectivity hole (8), and power supply (10) and galvanometer (6) are connected into series circuit with electro-conductive glass kapillary (2) and carbon electrode (5) by wire (9).
3. the electricity investigating method of screw-adjusting isothermal liquid surface tension apparatus, is characterized in that this electricity investigating method comprises the steps:
The first step: the liquid surface tension detection device installing claim 2;
Second step: allow electro-conductive glass kapillary more than liquid level, do not contact with liquid level, in galvanometer display circuit, electric current is zero;
3rd step: rotate thread bush interlock electro-conductive glass kapillary up and down, the mouth of pipe of electro-conductive glass kapillary inserts liquid level, and electro-conductive glass kapillary and carbon electrode form a closed-loop path, and have electric current to flow through in galvanometer display circuit, reometer has registration;
4th step: repeat the action of the 3rd step, rotates thread bush interlock electro-conductive glass kapillary up and down, once registration is grown out of nothing in galvanometer, namely show this moment the mouth of pipe of electro-conductive glass kapillary and liquid level just tangent.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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2015
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Application publication date: 20150506 |