CN104593606A - Method for recycling positive-negative electrode defective materials of waste lithium waste lithium cobalt oxide lithium-ion batteries - Google Patents
Method for recycling positive-negative electrode defective materials of waste lithium waste lithium cobalt oxide lithium-ion batteries Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for recycling positive-negative electrode defective materials of waste lithium waste lithium cobalt oxide lithium-ion batteries. By combing technologies such as high-speed impact crushing, vibration screening, anaerobic atmospheric roasting, wet-type magnetic separation and temperature-variable filtration, products such as elemental cobalt, lithium carbonate and graphite powder are prepared from the positive-negative electrode defective materials of waste lithium waste lithium cobalt oxide lithium-ion batteries; the materials are separated and enriched in such manners as high-speed impact crushing, vibration screening and wet-type magnetic separation, the original physical properties of the materials are retained, the negative electrode graphite material is fully utilized, the in-situ preparation of resources is achieved and the cost is saved; the anaerobic atmospheric roasting is adopted, the reaction conditions are relatively loose, the graphite material loss is decreased, the flow is simplified, any chemical agent is not needed in the entire process, no secondary pollution is caused and the industrial application practice is facilitated. By the method, the problem of pollution-free treatment of leftover material generated in the manufacturing of the lithium-ion batteries for battery manufacturers is solved and meanwhile, a method for mining secondary mineral, namely, a cobalt resource is provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the resource reclaim to waste and old lithium ion battery valuable component; especially for effective Environmental-protection recycling method of the positive pole produced in cobalt acid lithium battery production process, negative pole scrap stock and relic; belong to the electron wastes process in field of environment protection, resource utilization field.
Background technology
Global lithium ion battery shipment amount about 42.98 hundred million in 2011, market scale reaches 92,400,000,000 yuans, comparatively within 2010, increases by 24.16%.Estimate between 2012-2020, portable Li-like ions battery, power lithium-ion battery by respectively with 7.58%, 26.84% compound growth rate sustainable growth, the year two thousand twenty whole world lithium ion battery market scale will reach 3,866 hundred million yuan.Along with the widespread use of lithium ion battery, its usage quantity increases year by year, the scrap stock produced in the production and manufacturing processed of lithium ion battery and relic also sharply increase, and most producer only obtains cobalt salt, lithium salts etc. to process at a low price to relevant unit or employing acid-alkali treatment to these scrap stock relics.And for discarded cobalt acid lithium ion battery, wherein valuable metal such as cobalt (Co) accounts for 15%, it is the hundred times of China's cobalt ore average grade 0.02%, potential value accounts for 82.40% of whole battery, copper (Cu), aluminium (Al) metal content reach 18.7%, have significant resource.In today that resource day is becoming tight, recovery and the resource utilization meaning of the positive and negative electrode defective material of waste lithium cell are also more obvious.
The positive active material of lithium ion battery generally adopts slotting lithium compound, as LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMn2O4 and LiFePO4 etc., one doping is wherein mixed by a certain percentage with conductive agent (as graphite, acetylene black) and binding agent (as poly-inclined difluoro PVDF, polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE) etc., then pasty state is stirred into, be coated in the both sides of aluminium foil equably, and drying removes organic dispersing agent under an inert atmosphere, makes anode finally by rolling machine compression moulding.And negative electrode active material generally adopts is amorphous carbon material or graphitized carbon material, it mixes with binding agent, the even Copper Foil both sides that are coated in, dry and roll and make battery cathode.
At present, technology both domestic and external biases toward the Mechanical Crushing adopting physics to combine with chemical process, acidleach, chemical precipitation, the modes such as solvent extraction reclaim the positive electrode material containing cobalt, as the Chinese invention patent method of Call Provision " from the waste and old lithium ion battery " (Li Jinhui etc., the patent No. 200810116297.2), provide a kind of method of Call Provision from waste and old lithium ion battery, after waste and old lithium ion battery is discharged, coarse crushing is adopted to isolate Fe, Al, Cu, plastics and organic film and screen underflow matter, ultrasonic stirring cleaning is to obtain LiCoO2 powder from aluminium foil, and Leaching in Hydrochloric Acid metallic element, chemical precipitation obtains cobalt oxalate and thermal treatment obtains Co
2o
3.The method uses a large amount of chemical agent to bring secondary pollution to recovery process, can cause the waste of some electrode materials powder in coarse crushing process, a large amount of hydrochloric acid used to equipment corrosion-resistant require high-leveled and difficult in industrial application.
Chinese invention patent " a kind of method reclaiming valuable metal from waste lithium cell " (Zhang Yongxiang, the patent No. 201010262198.2), disclose a kind of method reclaiming valuable metal from waste lithium cell, be by Mechanical Crushing after waste lithium cell through 350 DEG C-400 DEG C calcinings of pyrogenic process high temperature, obtain the material containing cobalt, copper and aluminium, add alkali lye afterwards except aluminium, recycling sulfuric acid and extraction agent copper removal.Alkali lye produces harm except discharging a large amount of gas in aluminium process to operator, the waste lithium cell of fragmentation is directly carried out high-temperature calcination, wastes negative pole graphite material, and the use of a large amount of business extraction agent adds process costs and drops into.
Chinese invention patent " a kind of processing method from waste lithium cell process " (Fang Weiqing, the patent No. 201010295586.0), adopt nmp solvent to dissolve by after waste lithium cell primary separation, cobalt acid lithium slag obtains cobalt liquid by washing, filtration, drying, leaching etc. and obtains B-Co (OH) after further complex-precipitation again
2.The end product that this treatment process obtains is precipitate B-Co (OH)
2, not cobalt simple substance, is unfavorable for the further recycle of product, and the value dropping into industrial application is lower.
(Wei enters equality to Chinese invention patent " recovery method of lithium ion secondary battery positive defective material ", patent No. 200410019542X), the positive pole scrap stock produced when preparing lithium-ion secondary cell and relic are heat-treated, removing tackiness agent, adopts mechanical means foil substrate and positive electrode material to be departed from; Or utilize the method such as ultrasonic oscillation or mechanical stirring to depart from foil substrate with positive electrode material, then positive electrode material is separated, after drying treatment, obtain the positive electrode material of the excellent property that can directly use.In fragmentation or concussion process, introduce impurity, also need process further again could be applied to the manufacturing of battery, and negative pole relic does not obtain Appropriate application.
The recycling recovery process of current lithium ion battery is mainly the hydrometallurgical processes of acidleach and solvent extraction coupling, in the process of process cobalt acid lithium battery electrode materials, need leaching and the Chemical deep process of carrying out cobalt, produce the chemical acid alkali waste liquid of a large amount of high density, bring secondary pollution, commercial extraction agent causes the raising of processing cost.And concentrate the extraction of valuable metal cobalt and lithium in positive electrode material, ignore the recycling of other resources.
Summary of the invention
For defect of the prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of waste and old cobalt acid lithium ion battery positive and negative electrode defective material method of resource, adopt the techniques such as high speed impact fragmentation, vibrosieve, the roasting of anaerobic normal pressure, wet magnetic separation, alternating temperature filtration to combine and utilize positive and negative electrode defective material in waste and old cobalt acid lithium ion battery to prepare the products such as simple substance cobalt, Quilonum Retard and Graphite Powder 99.
The present invention includes four steps such as high speed impact fragmentation-vibrosieve, the roasting of anaerobic normal pressure, wet magnetic separation, alternating temperature filtration, concrete steps are as follows:
Step one, positive pole relic is added the first impact crusher and pulverizes, the material after pulverizing sieves through the first vibrating screen classifier, and this first vibrating screen classifier adopts two mesh structure, and sieve aperture is respectively 0.3mm, 2mm; Negative pole relic is added the second impact crusher pulverize, the material after pulverizing sieves through the second vibrating screen classifier, and this second vibrating screen classifier adopts single mesh structure, and sieve aperture is 2mm.The tup that crusher high speed rotates makes LiCoO
2powder is peeled off from aluminium foil, powdered graphite is peeled off from Copper Foil.Positive pole relic sieve is upper contains LiCoO for what do not peel off completely
2it is broken again that the Copper Foil of powder adds crusher by device for transporting objects, is the aluminium foil containing a small amount of electrode powder, realizes the resource utilization of aluminium in sieve.The lower electrode powder mixing material for producing in shattering process of sieve, main component is LiCoO
2the mixture of powder, powdered graphite and binding agent.Negative pole relic sieve is upper is the Copper Foil containing a small amount of electrode powder, realizes the resource utilization of copper.The lower electrode powder mixing material for producing in shattering process of sieve, main component is the mixture of powdered graphite and binding agent.
Step 2, by step one undersize powder mixing, under protective atmosphere, carry out roasting, maturing temperature is 850 ~ 900 DEG C, and soaking time is 20 ~ 40 minutes.React in roasting process: 4LiCoO
2+ 3C=2Li
2cO
3+ 4Co+CO
2, product is simple substance cobalt, lithium carbonate powder, powdered graphite mixture.
Step 3, by the product powder wet magnetic separation of step 2 kind, medium is water.Magnetic separator is general wet magnetic separator, and obtaining product from the filtration of magnetic separator concentrate mouth discharge material normal temperature is that the thick cobalt powder of simple substance (Co) purity reaches 97%, achieves the resource utilization of high added value cobalt.
In step 4, step 3, the mine tailing mouth eliminating material normal temperature of wet magnetic separation filters and obtains product is Graphite Powder 99, achieves the resource utilization of Graphite Powder 99.
Step 5, in step 3, the filtrate of wet magnetic separation is heated to 80 ~ 90 DEG C, and filtering and obtaining product is Quilonum Retard (Li
2cO
3) powder, achieve the resource utilization of high added value Quilonum Retard.
Preferably, in step one, the broken rear positive pole relic of process is selected, based on the difference of Binder Properties in the preparation process of positive and negative material pole from the negative pole relic different mesh structure of vibratory screening apparatus.Positive pole adopts PVDF to make binding agent, in N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent, have viscosity higher and cohesiveness, and the consumption of organic solvent of this binding agent is large and combination is more firm.And negative pole adopts water-soluble binder styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR) (SBR) etc., combination is destructible comparatively.
Preferably, in step 2 and step 3, vibrating screen classifier is continuously feeding, and sifting bed inclination angle is 3-5 degree.
Preferably, in step 4, described roasting process can adopt intermittent type and continous way to feed in raw material, and protective atmosphere can select the rare gas element such as nitrogen or argon gas.
Preferably, in step 3, selecting of described wet magnetic separator, based on the physicals difference of product powder in step 2.In step 2, product powder is simple substance cobalt, lithium carbonate powder, powdered graphite mixture, and simple substance cobalt is magneticmetal, and Quilonum Retard is slightly soluble in water, and powdered graphite is water insoluble.
Preferably, in step 5, filtrate is without the need to discharge, directly recycles as the liquid medium of wet magnetic separator in step 3, achieves without discharging of waste liquid.
Preferably, the impact grinding described in technique, vibrosieve, anaerobic normal pressure sinter process equipment adopt hermetically sealed, and arrange venting port, and air-flow provides negative pressure to eliminate objectionable impurities through gac by centrifugal blower.
Principle of work of the present invention: utilize Mechanical Crushing and vibrosieve to realize being attached to coming off of the electrode materials powder on positive and negative electrode relic; Through the roasting of anaerobic constant-pressure and high-temperature, impel reaction 4LiCoO
2+ 3C=2Li
2cO
3+ 4Co+CO
2carry out; According to magnetic and the dissolubility difference of product, utilize wet magnetic separation to obtain the finished product with filter type of heating, achieve the high added value resource utilization of waste and old cobalt acid lithium ion battery positive and negative electrode defective material.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) utilize the technique such as impact grinding, vibrosieve, magnetic separation, the roasting of anaerobic normal pressure to combine to realize the complete resource of valuable component in waste and old cobalt acid lithium ion battery positive and negative electrode defective material, leach with mineral acid, chemical precipitation, extraction agent extraction phase ratio have the features such as cost is low, efficient, non-secondary pollution.
(2) by the positive and negative electrode powder associated treatment of electrode materials, effectively make use of negative pole graphite material, achieve the original position preparation of resource, cost-saving.
(3) adopt the roasting of anaerobic normal pressure, reaction conditions is comparatively loose, reduces graphite material loss, simple flow, and whole set process, without the need to adding any chemical agent, non-secondary pollution, is beneficial to industrial application practice.
(4) solve cell production companies in the pollution-free process problem manufacturing the corner relic produced in lithium ion battery process, provide the reoovery method of a kind of secondary mineral products-cobalt resource simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By reading the detailed description done non-limiting example with reference to the following drawings, other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more obvious:
Fig. 1 is the schema of the inventive method;
Fig. 2 is X-ray diffraction (XRD) figure of mixed powder after step 4 anaerobic normal pressure of the present invention roasting.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Following examples will contribute to those skilled in the art and understand the present invention further, but not limit the present invention in any form.It should be pointed out that to those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some distortion and improvement can also be made.These all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, waste and old cobalt acid lithium ion battery positive and negative electrode defective material method of resource, the techniques such as the fragmentation of the method employing high speed impact, vibrosieve, the roasting of anaerobic normal pressure, wet magnetic separation, alternating temperature filtration combine and utilize positive and negative electrode defective material in waste and old cobalt acid lithium ion battery to prepare the products such as simple substance cobalt, Quilonum Retard and Graphite Powder 99.Comprise four steps such as high speed impact fragmentation-vibrosieve, the roasting of anaerobic normal pressure, wet magnetic separation, alternating temperature filtration, concrete:
Step one, positive pole relic and negative pole relic add impact crusher respectively and pulverize, and the material after pulverizing is through bolting.Positive pole relic sieve apparatus adopts two mesh structure, and sieve aperture is respectively 0.3mm, 2mm; Negative pole relic sieve apparatus adopts single mesh structure, and sieve aperture is 2mm.The tup that crusher high speed rotates makes LiCoO
2powder is peeled off from aluminium foil, powdered graphite is peeled off from Copper Foil.Positive pole relic sieve is upper contains LiCoO for what do not peel off completely
2it is broken again that the Copper Foil of powder adds crusher by device for transporting objects, is the aluminium foil containing a small amount of electrode powder, realizes the resource utilization of aluminium in sieve.The lower electrode powder mixing material for producing in shattering process of sieve, main component is LiCoO
2the mixture of powder, powdered graphite and binding agent.Negative pole relic sieve is upper for being the Copper Foil containing a small amount of electrode powder, realizes the resource utilization of copper.The lower electrode powder mixing material for producing in shattering process of sieve, main component is the mixture of powdered graphite and binding agent.
Step 2, by step one undersize powder mixing, under protective atmosphere, carry out roasting, maturing temperature is 850 ~ 900 DEG C, and soaking time is 20 ~ 40 minutes.React in roasting process: 4LiCoO
2+ 3C=2Li
2cO
3+ 4Co+CO
2, roasting after product is detected as simple substance cobalt, lithium carbonate powder, powdered graphite mixture through X-ray diffraction (XRD) (as shown in Figure 2).
Step 3, by the product powder wet magnetic separation of step 2 kind, medium is water.Magnetic separator is general wet magnetic separator, obtain product from the filtration of magnetic separator concentrate mouth discharge material normal temperature and be detected as simple substance cobalt powder (Co) through X-ray diffraction (XRD) (as shown in Figure 2), detect through inductive coupling plasma emission spectrograph (ICP), result is as shown in table 1, products C o purity reaches 97%, achieves the resource utilization of high added value cobalt.
Table 1 product coarse Co meal component icp analysis (%)
In step 4, step 3, the mine tailing mouth eliminating material normal temperature of wet magnetic separation filters and obtains product is Graphite Powder 99, achieves the resource utilization of negative material.In step 5, the filtrate of wet magnetic separation is heated to 80 ~ 90 DEG C, and filtering and obtaining product is Quilonum Retard (Li
2cO
3) powder, achieve the resource utilization of high added value Quilonum Retard.
In the present embodiment, the broken rear positive pole relic of process is selected, based on the difference of Binder Properties in the preparation process of positive and negative material pole from the negative pole relic different mesh structure of vibratory screening apparatus.Positive pole adopts PVDF to make binding agent, in N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent, have viscosity higher and cohesiveness, and the consumption of organic solvent of this binding agent is large and combination is more firm.And negative pole adopts water-soluble binder styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR) (SBR) etc., combination is destructible comparatively.
In the present embodiment, vibrating screen classifier is continuously feeding, and sifting bed inclination angle is 3-5 degree.
In the present embodiment, roasting process can adopt intermittent type and continous way to feed in raw material, and protective atmosphere can select the rare gas element such as nitrogen or argon gas.
In the present embodiment, selecting of wet magnetic separator, based on the physicals difference of product powder in step 3.In step 2, product powder is simple substance cobalt, lithium carbonate powder, powdered graphite mixture, and simple substance cobalt is magneticmetal, and Quilonum Retard is slightly soluble in water, and powdered graphite is water insoluble.As shown in Figure 2, wet magnetic separator concentrate mouth discharge is simple substance cobalt.
The present embodiment adopts the techniques such as impact grinding, vibrosieve, the roasting of anaerobic normal pressure, wet magnetic separation, alternating temperature filtration to combine and realizes valuable component method of resource in waste and old cobalt acid lithium ion battery positive and negative electrode relic, have the features such as cost is low, efficient, structure is simple, pollution-free; The present embodiment, by the positive and negative electrode powder associated treatment of electrode materials, effectively make use of negative pole graphite material, achieves the original position preparation of resource.Adopt the roasting of anaerobic normal pressure, reaction conditions is comparatively loose, reduces graphite material loss, simple flow, and whole set process, without the need to adding any chemical agent, non-secondary pollution, is beneficial to industrial application practice.
Above specific embodiments of the invention are described.It is to be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make various distortion or amendment within the scope of the claims, and this does not affect flesh and blood of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a waste and old cobalt acid lithium ion battery positive and negative electrode defective material method of resource, it is characterized in that, the method comprises: four steps such as high speed impact fragmentation-vibrosieve, the roasting of anaerobic normal pressure, wet magnetic separation, alternating temperature filtration, concrete:
Step one, positive pole relic is added the first impact crusher and pulverizes, the material after pulverizing sieves through the first vibrating screen classifier, and this first vibrating screen classifier adopts two mesh structure, and sieve aperture is respectively 0.3mm, 2mm; Negative pole relic is added the second impact crusher pulverize, the material after pulverizing sieves through the second vibrating screen classifier, and this second vibrating screen classifier adopts single mesh structure, and sieve aperture is 2mm;
Step 2, by after the mixing of the undersize powder of the undersize powder of the first vibrating screen classifier in step one and the second vibrating screen classifier; roasting is carried out under protective atmosphere; maturing temperature is 800 ~ 900 DEG C, and soaking time is 20 ~ 40 minutes, reacts in roasting process: 4LiCoO
2+ 3C=2Li
2cO
3+ 4Co+CO
2, obtaining product is simple substance cobalt, lithium carbonate powder, powdered graphite mixture.
Step 3, product step 2 obtained carry out magnetic separation by wet magnetic separator powder, and medium is water, and the material that the concentrate mouth of wet magnetic separator is discharged is carried out normal temperature filtration, obtain the thick cobalt powder of simple substance;
Step 4, the material that the mine tailing mouth of wet magnetic separation in step 3 is discharged is carried out normal temperature filtration, obtain Graphite Powder 99;
Step 5, filters the filtrate of wet magnetic separation in step 3 after being heated to 80 ~ 90 DEG C, obtains lithium carbonate powder.
2. one according to claim 1 waste and old cobalt acid lithium ion battery positive and negative electrode defective material method of resource, it is characterized in that, in step one, the first described vibrating screen classifier adopts two mesh structure, makes binding agent with PVDF; Second vibrating screen classifier adopts single mesh structure, makes binding agent with water-soluble binder styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR) (SBR).
3. one according to claim 1 waste and old cobalt acid lithium ion battery positive and negative electrode defective material method of resource, it is characterized in that, in step one, the first described vibrating screen classifier, the second vibrating screen classifier are continuously feeding, and sifting bed inclination angle is 3-5 degree.
4. one according to claim 1 waste and old cobalt acid lithium ion battery positive and negative electrode defective material method of resource, it is characterized in that, in step 2, described roasting process adopts intermittent type or continous way to feed in raw material, and described protective atmosphere selects nitrogen or argon gas.
5. one according to claim 1 waste and old cobalt acid lithium ion battery positive and negative electrode defective material method of resource, it is characterized in that, the filtrate water that step 5 obtains recycles as the liquid medium of wet magnetic separator in step 3.
6. one according to claim 1 waste and old cobalt acid lithium ion battery positive and negative electrode defective material method of resource, it is characterized in that, the first described impact crusher, the second impact crusher, the first vibrating screen classifier, the second vibrating screen classifier and anaerobic normal pressure roasting apparatus all adopt hermetically sealed, and venting port is set, air-flow provides negative pressure to eliminate objectionable impurities through gac by centrifugal blower.
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