CN104580037B - Utilize the carrier wave communication system noise variance estimation method and device of time domain pilot - Google Patents
Utilize the carrier wave communication system noise variance estimation method and device of time domain pilot Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of carrier wave communication system noise variance estimation method, device and its communication system using time domain pilot, methods described is：In the transmitting terminal of system, when launch bit be mapped as constellation symbol after by default single-carrier symbol block size, several known time domain pilot sequences are inserted in each symbolic blocks equal intervals, simultaneously, in receiving terminal, data are received after Timing Synchronization processing and channel estimation, in frequency domain channel equalization is carried out to receiving data, then the frequency domain data after equilibrium is transformed into time domain again and noise variance estimated using known pilot frequency sequence, the convenient log-likelihood ratio information calculated needed for soft demodulation, so as to reach the purpose of lifting system performance.Compared with prior art, the present invention fully overcomes in the case where not improving system complexity and using influence of the single-carrier system frequency domain equilibrium to signal, the advantages of can playing single carrier low peak average power ratio, and and can is obviously improved the performance of the soft demodulation of system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method, apparatus of carrier wave communication system Noise Variance Estimation using time domain pilot and its
Communication system, belong to wireless communication system technologies field.
Background technology
In the evolution of radio communication, with requirement of the user to the transmission rate and transmission quality of data increasingly
Height, the various technologies for improving system data throughputs and Stability and dependability gradually by it is found that and utilize, wherein how defeated
Enter the throughput, steady that multi output (Multiple Input Multiple Output, MIMO) system drastically increases system
Qualitative and reliability, while in order to further improve the reliability of mimo system, OFDM (Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM), beam forming (Beamforming, BF) and space-time block code
(Space Time Block Code, STBC) is widely used.In the evolution of MIMO technology, OFDM is in systems
The suitable maturation of application technology, the characteristics of the confrontation multi-path propagation effects possessed in itself along with OFDM, it is more consolidated
Status in MIMO systems, but be the non-linear of radio-frequency head power amplifier using the maximum limitations of OFDM in mimo system
Influence to transmission signal, because papr (the Peak Average Power that OFDM transmission signal is larger
Ratio, PAPR) amplitude of transmission signal is easy for ingoing power amplifier nonlinearity area, so as to cause transmission signal
The distortion of amplitude and phase, this limits the extension of system to a certain extent.
In order to overcome use OFDM send it is above-mentioned the shortcomings that, gradually adopted the biography of single-carrier modulated in mimo systems
Defeated mode.It is primarily due to that the PAPR of single carrier transmission signal is relatively low, reduces the selection pressure to system power amplifier.But
It is that receiving terminal selection carries out channel equalization in frequency domain in single carrier transmitting system plays the role of coupling to transmission signal, and this is very not
Beneficial to the system being soft demodulated using log-likelihood ratio (LLR).
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：Make to make up coupling of the receiving terminal frequency domain equalization to time-domain signal in single carrier transmitting system
LLR calculates the shortcomings that inaccurate, and the present invention proposes a kind of carrier wave communication system Noise Variance Estimation using time domain pilot
Method, apparatus and its communication system.
Technical scheme：For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of carrier wave communication system noise variance estimation method using time domain pilot, comprise the following steps：
(1) in transmitting terminal, transmitting bit is mapped as after constellation symbol, by default single-carrier symbol block it is big
It is small, several known time domain pilots are inserted in each symbolic blocks equal intervals；
(2) in receiving terminal, the time-domain signal received is transformed into frequency domain and carries out channel equalization, then the frequency domain after equilibrium
Signal is transformed into time domain to be estimated using known pilot frequency sequence to the coupling of noise variance and frequency domain equalization to signal
Meter.
Further, the method for insertion time domain pilot is in step (1)：
It is N in each size to the constellation symbol after mappingDBlock in insert NPIndividual pilot tone, NDSingly to be carried as defined in system
Size of the ripple symbolic blocks when not including pilot tone, the mode of insertion is from the beginning of each single-carrier symbol block, every NGIt is individual
Data symbol uniformly inserts a pilot tone, wherein：The symbol of two neighboring pilot tone in each single-carrier symbol block
Number it is opposite.
In a single-carrier symbol block, pilot toneParticular location and symbol be：
Wherein, k be insertion pilot tone after single-carrier symbol block in symbol index.
Further, the frequency-region signal after equilibrium is set in step (2) to be transformed into time domain as r (t), then
R (t)=α x (t)+z (t)
Wherein, α is the coupling factor of the frequency domain equalization to signal, and z (t) is that equivalent variance isAdditive white gaussian
Noise；
The pilot frequency sequence known to is estimated as to the coupling of noise variance and frequency domain equalization to signal：
According to equation below respectively to r therein+And r (k)-(k) counted, obtain both averages and variance, then α is calculated
WithEstimation：
r+(k)=α (+1)+z+(k)
r-(k)=α (- 1)+z-(k)
Wherein, r+(k) represent that it is just r to receive the frequency pilot sign inserted in data-(k) represent that is inserted in reception data leads
Frequency symbol is negative, z+(k), z-(k) corresponding equivalent additive noise in time-domain signal after representing balanced.
A kind of carrier wave communication system Noise Variance Estimation device using time domain pilot, including send end device and reception
End device, sending end device includes：Constellation mapping block, for by the bit map that user sends into constellation symbol；Time domain is led
Frequency insertion module, for receiving the constellation symbol of constellation mapping block output, by the size of the single-carrier symbol block of default,
Several known time domain pilots are inserted in each symbolic blocks equal intervals；
Receiving end device includes：Frequency domain equalization module, it is equal for the time-domain signal of reception to be transformed into frequency domain progress channel
Weighing apparatus；Time domain modular converter, for the signal after frequency domain equalization to be converted into time-domain signal；And noise variance computing module, use
The coupling of noise variance and frequency domain equalization to signal is estimated in the time domain pilot sequence known to.
A kind of communication system for including above-mentioned Noise Variance Estimation device, receiving end device also include：LLR computing modules,
Calculated for the coupling factor of the noise variance and frequency domain equalization that are obtained according to noise variance computing module to signal corresponding
Log-likelihood ratio LLR under modulation system；Constellation mapping block is solved, for being data ratio by the constellation symbol inverse mapping after equilibrium
It is special；LDPC channel decoding modules, for carrying out channel decoding to receiving bit data with reference to the LLR that LLR computing modules obtain.
Beneficial effect：The present invention compensate for coupling of the receiving terminal frequency domain equalization to time-domain signal in single carrier transmitting system and make
The shortcomings that inaccurate is calculated with LLR is made, it is proposed that the method, apparatus of a kind of Noise Variance Estimation of single carrier wave time domain pilot tone and logical
Letter system, the present invention are transformed into the signal of time domain after receiving terminal frequency domain equalization using known pilot frequency sequence, to noise side
Difference and coupling of the frequency domain equalization to signal are estimated, the system from soft demodulation is not being improved the feelings of system complexity
Fully overcome under condition and using influence of the single-carrier system frequency domain equilibrium to signal, the excellent of the low PAPR of single carrier can be played
Point, and can are obviously improved the performance of the soft demodulation of system.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is emitter implementation process figure in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that time domain pilot inserts concrete operations realization figure in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is receiver implementation process figure in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to a kind of method, apparatus of the Noise Variance Estimation of single carrier wave time domain pilot tone proposed by the present invention
And the embodiment of communication system is described in further detail.It should be understood that these embodiments be merely to illustrate the present invention without
For limiting the scope of the present invention, after the present invention has been read, the various equivalent form of values of the those skilled in the art to the present invention
Modification fall within right appended by the application.
The embodiments of the invention provide a kind of carrier wave communication system noise variance estimation method using time domain pilot, bag
Include：(1) in system transmitting terminal, transmitting bit is mapped as after constellation symbol, by the size of the single-carrier symbol block of default,
Several known time domain pilots are inserted in each symbolic blocks equal intervals；(2) in system receiving terminal, by receive when
Domain signal is transformed into frequency domain and carries out channel equalization, then the frequency-region signal after equilibrium is transformed into time domain and utilizes known pilot tone sequence
Arrange and the coupling of noise variance and frequency domain equalization to signal is estimated, the soft demodulation for system.
(the mimo system by taking the single-input single-output of 1 transmission antenna and 1 reception antenna (SISO) system as an example below
Under realization can extend to obtain with identical method), with reference to Fig. 1-3, describe the inventive method in detail and using the present invention
The communication process of the system of method.System is the system of single carrier in the embodiment of the present invention, is not had under the bandwidth that system is supported
Its corresponding data symbol block size is 240 when inserting pilot tone, and code word size when using the LDPC to encode is for 672, this implementation reality
Example supports that BPSK code check is 1/2 MCS, supports the scene of different transmission antennas and different modulating mode to change this implementation
Example in example obtains.
In the case where system supports bandwidth, 1 transmission antenna, 1 reception antenna, BPSK modulation, exemplified by a spatial flow, make
With in the system using the carrier wave communication system noise variance estimation method of time domain pilot of the embodiment of the present invention, user sends
The specific methods sent and received of data comprise the following steps：
Step 1：The data bit that user sends passes through scrambler module, and the data bit after scrambler is carried out at Error Correction of Coding
Manage, select low density parity check code (LDPC) in this example, then data bit is mapped by the map operation of constellation symbol
Into constellation symbol；
Step 2：It is big when not including pilot tone according to single-carrier symbol block as defined in system to the constellation symbol after mapping
Small, its size is：ND=240, in each NDBlock in insert NP=16 pilot tones, the mode of insertion are to be accorded with from each single carrier
The beginning of number block, every NG=16 data symbols uniformly insert a pilot tone, wherein：
It is a coupling factor α to define coupling of the single-carrier system frequency domain equilibrium to reception signal, defines frequency domain
Contain equivalent noise in signal after equalization；LLR when calculating channel decoding by receiving terminal needs to know signal after frequency domain equalization
The variance and coupling factor α of middle noise, so for the ease of receiving terminal noise variance and equivalent frequency domain equilibrium to reception signal
The calculating of the factor-alpha of coupling, the pilot value of insertion must are fulfilled for the characteristics of certain, the half pilot tone being here inserted into and another
The frequency pilot sign of half is opposite, and pilot value is：{1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1}；
Can not be more than data amount check a lot, so typically in systematic function permission in view of the pilot number in each single-carrier symbol block
Under the premise of, less pilot number is selected as far as possible.
Step 3:From step 2, the length of each single-carrier symbol block is changed into after insertion pilot tone：
NBL=ND+NP=240+16=256 (formula 2)
In a single-carrier symbol block, if the index of its symbol is k, numbering is respectively k=1,2 ..., 256, then one
In individual block, pilot toneParticular location be：
In each piece, the position of the insertion of pilot tone is all as implied above；
If the symbol being inserted into the time domain of the transmission after pilot tone is x (t), then send symbol by single carrier symbol into
Block and plus cyclic prefix operation after carry out radio-frequency transmissions, receiving terminal is sent to by wireless multipath fading channel；
Step 4：In receiving terminal, the high-frequency signal received is transformed into baseband signal by Receiver Module first, so
It is time synchronized and Frequency Synchronization operation again afterwards, after single carrier deblocks and removes the operation of cyclic prefix, if receive herein
Time domain on signal be changed into y (t), then can obtain：
Wherein h (t) is the shock response of channel, and n (t) is that variance is σ2Additive white Gaussian noise；
Step 5：Next the reception signal treated by step 4 will carry out frequency domain equalization and operate, first have to allow reception
Signal is transformed into time-domain signal on frequency domain by the module of FFT, is specially：
Wherein, TsFor the sampling time of the time-domain signal to reception, H is the frequency response of channel, and X is on corresponding frequency domain
Transmission symbol；
Step 6：Then channel is acted on and carries out equilibrium, remove influence of the channel to transmission signal, be specially：
r0=wy', w=HH(HHH+σ2I)-1(formula 6)
Step 7：Finally the signal after equilibrium is transformed into time domain by IFFT modules again, is specially：
If time-domain signal herein is changed into r (t), then：
R (t)=α x (t)+z (t) (formula 8)
Wherein, effect of the frequency domain equalization process to reception signal is equivalent to factor-alpha, z (t) is equally that equivalent variance isAdditive white Gaussian noise；
Step 8：When the reception signal in the time domain in step 7 is represented with discrete form, then have：
R (k)=α x (k)+z (k) (formula 9)
If P () represents the probability of certain chance event, then the calculation of log-likelihood ratio (LLR) can be expressed as
(BPSK)：
By needed in (formula 10) α andUnderstand, the main task of noise estimation module is exactly that the two parameters are passed through
The data r (k) received is estimated；It is assumed that the frequency pilot sign inserted in the reception data of a frame is expressed as to be positive
r+(k), similarly, insert frequency pilot sign and be expressed as r for negative-(k), then they are expressed as：
So to α andEstimation can be by respectively to r in (formula 11)+And r (k)-(k) average statistical and variance be simultaneously
Mutually plus-minus can obtain.Wherein, α estimation can be calculated according to (formula 12),Estimation can be according to (formula 13)
It is calculated.
Step 9：The LLR value calculated by LLR computing modules according to (formula 10), the reception signal after solving constellation mapping
After the decoded operation that can passes through LDPC, then by descrambling operations can restore user transmission data bit.
What the embodiment of the present invention additionally provided the realize device of above-mentioned noise variance estimation method, including send end device and
Receiving end device, sending end device mainly includes constellation mapping block and the time domain pilot insertion mould after constellation mapping block
Block, receiving end device mainly include frequency domain equalization module, time domain modular converter and noise variance computing module.
Wherein, the bit map that constellation mapping block is used to send user is into constellation symbol；Time domain pilot inserts module
For receiving the constellation symbol of constellation mapping block output, by the size of the single-carrier symbol block of default, in each symbol
Insert several known time domain pilots block equal intervals.
Frequency domain equalization module is used for the equalization operation for being transformed into frequency domain and carry out channel effect the time-domain signal of reception, purpose
It is to overcome intersymbol interference；Time domain modular converter is used to the signal after frequency domain equalization being converted into time-domain signal；Noise side
Poor computing module, the coupling of noise variance and frequency domain equalization to signal is carried out for the time domain pilot sequence known to
Estimation, in favor of the calculating of LLR below.
The embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of communication system for including above-mentioned Noise Variance Estimation device, the communication system
In, receiving end device also includes LLR computing modules, solution constellation mapping block and LDPC channel decoding modules etc..Wherein, LLR is counted
Module is calculated based on the coupling factor of the noise variance and frequency domain equalization obtained according to noise variance computing module to signal
The log-likelihood ratio LLR under corresponding modulating mode is calculated, in favor of LDPC decoded operations below；Solution constellation mapping block is used for will
Constellation symbol inverse mapping after equilibrium is data bit；LDPC channel decodings module is used to combine the LLR that LLR computing modules obtain
Channel decoding is carried out to receiving bit data, show that user sends bit.
In the single-carrier system using soft demodulation soft decoding, the embodiment of the present invention after frequency domain equalization the same as not doing noise side
There is obvious difference in the performance between the system that difference estimation and frequency domain equalization are estimated the signal coupling factor, and obvious excellent
In the method and system for not doing Noise Variance Estimation and frequency domain equalization and estimating the signal coupling factor.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of carrier wave communication system noise variance estimation method using time domain pilot, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
(1) in transmitting terminal, transmitting bit is mapped as after constellation symbol, by the size of the single-carrier symbol block of default,
Insert several known time domain pilots each symbolic blocks equal intervals；Specially：To the constellation symbol after mapping, each
Size is NDBlock in insert NPIndividual pilot tone, NDFor size of the single-carrier symbol block as defined in system when not including pilot tone, insertion
Mode be from the beginning of each single-carrier symbol block, every NGIndividual data symbol uniformly inserts a pilot tone, whereinThe symbol of two neighboring pilot tone in each single-carrier symbol block is opposite；
(2) in receiving terminal, the time-domain signal received is transformed into frequency domain and carries out channel equalization, then the frequency-region signal after equilibrium
It is transformed into time domain using known pilot frequency sequence to noise varianceCarried out with coupling factor-alpha of the frequency domain equalization to signal
Estimation, α andCalculation formula be：
Wherein, r+(k) represent that it is just r to receive the frequency pilot sign inserted in data-(k) represent to receive the pilot tone symbol inserted in data
Number it is negative；R (k) is the discrete representation form that frequency-region signal after equilibrium is transformed into time-domain signal r (t), r (t)=α x (t)+z
(t), x (t) is the time-domain representation form for sending signal, and z (t) is that equivalent variance isAdditive white Gaussian noise.
2. the carrier wave communication system noise variance estimation method according to claim 1 using time domain pilot, its feature
It is, in a single-carrier symbol block, pilot toneParticular location and symbol be：
Wherein, k be insertion pilot tone after single-carrier symbol block in symbol index.
3. the carrier wave communication system noise variance estimation method according to claim 2 using time domain pilot, its feature
It is, the pilot frequency sequence known to is estimated as to the coupling of noise variance and frequency domain equalization to signal：According to
According to equation below respectively to r therein+And r (k)-(k) counted, obtain both averages and variance, then be calculated α andEstimation：
。
Wherein, z+(k) after, z- (k) represents balanced respectively in time-domain signal frequency pilot sign be just be with frequency pilot sign it is negative equivalent plus
Property noise.
A kind of 4. carrier wave communication system noise variance using time domain pilot realized according to claim any one of 1-3
The device of method of estimation, including send end device and receiving end device, it is characterised in that
The transmission end device includes：Constellation mapping block, for by the bit map that user sends into constellation symbol；Time domain is led
Frequency insertion module, for receiving the constellation symbol of constellation mapping block output, by the size of the single-carrier symbol block of default,
Several known time domain pilots are inserted in each symbolic blocks equal intervals；
The receiving end device includes：Frequency domain equalization module, it is equal for the time-domain signal of reception to be transformed into frequency domain progress channel
Weighing apparatus；Time domain modular converter, for the signal after frequency domain equalization to be converted into time-domain signal；And noise variance computing module, use
The coupling of noise variance and frequency domain equalization to signal is estimated in the time domain pilot sequence known to.
5. a kind of communication system for including Noise Variance Estimation device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described to connect
Receiving end device also includes：LLR computing modules, for the noise variance and frequency domain equalization pair obtained according to noise variance computing module
The coupling factor of signal calculates the log-likelihood ratio LLR under corresponding modulating mode；Constellation mapping block is solved, for by equilibrium
Constellation symbol inverse mapping afterwards is data bit；LDPC channel decoding modules, for LLR pairs obtained with reference to LLR computing modules
Receive bit data and carry out channel decoding.
6. communication system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the LLR computing modules are according to formulaLLR is calculated, wherein α is the coupling factor of the frequency domain equalization to signal,It is noise variance, r is
The reception signal of time domain is transformed into after frequency domain equalization again.
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| WO2013144715A1 (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-03 | Alcatel Lucent | Method and apparatus for filter bank multi-carrier signal transmission and channel estimation |
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| CN101529764A (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2009-09-09 | 高通股份有限公司 | Pilot transmission and channel estimation with pilot weighting |
| CN1791077A (en) * | 2005-12-29 | 2006-06-21 | 上海贝豪通讯电子有限公司 | Time-domain and frequency-domain combined channel estimating method |
| CN101601243A (en) * | 2006-08-28 | 2009-12-09 | 高通股份有限公司 | The OFDM channel estimating |
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