CN104579955A - Data center network source routing method and device based on packet granularity - Google Patents
Data center network source routing method and device based on packet granularity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a data center network source routing method and device based on packet granularity. The method comprises the following steps: S1, constructing a data center network topology according to a Fat-Tree network; S2, configuring a fast retransmission threshold value of a TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) in a control system for a plurality of servers to be 10; S3, obtaining a sending end and a receiving end of a stream, wherein the sending end is used for sending data to the receiving end through all available paths; S4, performing data forwarding through a switch in the Fat-Tree network. According to the method, by the utilization of the characteristics of the data center network topology, smaller packet overhead implementation source routing is only introduced, and the flow rate can be uniformly distributed; hardware such as the servers and the switch does not need to be modified, and rich link resources in a data center network are fully utilized, so that the network throughput is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to data center network technical field, particularly a kind of data center network source routing method based on bag granularity and device.
Background technology
In the data in heart network, no matter that application on site (as web search) or background task are (as with GFS (googleFile System, Google file system) for the distributed file storage system of representative and take MapReduce as the Distributed Calculation etc. of representative), all need a large amount of bandwidth for transmission data.But there is the shortcomings such as poor expandability, single point failure, over-booking are larger in conventional tree-type topology, better can not support these application.Therefore, " rich connection " topology is proposed much recent years, such as Fat-Tree, VL2 etc.A distinguishing feature of these New Topologicals there is mulitpath between any a pair communication ends.In order to utilize abundant link circuit resource better, conventional method use ECMP (Equal-CostMultipathRouting, equal cost multipath) carries out the route based on stream.But ECMP not perceived flux when carrying out route, and can hash-collision be caused, link circuit resource cannot be utilized efficiently.
In correlation technique, existing solution can be divided into two classes, and wherein a class solution is by periodically carrying out centralized route to the large stream in network, and expense is larger.Another kind of solution is based on grouping granularity, and Stochastic choice down hop carries out route, but the program can aggravate the quantity of the out of order message of receiving terminal, triggers much unnecessary Fast retransmission, causes the throughput reducing stream.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to solve one of technical problem in above-mentioned correlation technique at least to a certain extent.
For this reason, one object of the present invention is to propose a kind of data center network source routing method based on bag granularity improving network resource utilization and network throughput.
Another object of the present invention is to propose a kind of data center network source routing device based on bag granularity
For achieving the above object, one aspect of the present invention embodiment proposes a kind of data center network source routing method based on bag granularity, comprises the following steps:
S1, according to Fat-Tree network struction data center network topology, described data center network topology comprises multiple servers, multiple stage marginal layer switch, multiple stage Guinier-Preston zone switch and multiple stage core layer switch, wherein, described multiple stage marginal layer switch, described multiple stage Guinier-Preston zone switch and described multiple stage core layer switch all adopt isomorphism switch, every station server is connected with an edge of table layer switch in described multiple stage marginal layer switch, and described multiple stage marginal layer switch, the level of multiple stage Guinier-Preston zone switch and multiple stage core layer switch progressively promotes,
S2, the Fast retransmission threshold value configuring TCP in the operating system of described multiple servers (Transmission Control Protocol, transmission control protocol) is 10;
S3, obtain transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal of stream, described transmitting terminal sends data by all available paths to described receiving terminal; And
S4, carries out data retransmission by switch in described Fat-Tree network.
According to the data center network source routing method based on bag granularity that the embodiment of the present invention proposes, by building data center network topology, and the Fast retransmission threshold value of TCP in the operating system of configuration server, and obtain transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal of stream, the data transmission of realization by the transmitting terminal of stream all in Fat-Tree network and the data retransmission of all switches, utilize data center network topological feature, only introduce less packet overhead and realize source routing, and can dispense flow rate equably, without the need to revising server and exchange hardware, and utilize link circuit resource abundant in data center network fully, improve network throughput.
In addition, the data center network source routing method based on bag granularity according to the above embodiment of the present invention can also have following additional technical characteristic:
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, adopt polling mode that message is distributed to available path successively, and by source routing, routing iinformation is write header.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, described multiple servers, described multiple stage marginal layer switch and described multiple stage Guinier-Preston zone switch are divided into K cluster, and in each cluster, the quantity of server, marginal layer switch and Guinier-Preston zone switch is K respectively
2/ 4, K/2 and K/2, in each cluster, each edge of table layer switch uses K/2 port to be connected with K/2 station server, and an another K/2 port is connected with the K/2 platform Guinier-Preston zone switch in this cluster; K/2 the port that all Guinier-Preston zone switches are remaining and K
2/ 4 core layer switches are connected, to guarantee that every platform core layer switch to have with each cluster and to only have one to be connected.
Wherein, in one embodiment of the invention, the described transmission of the transmitting terminal by all stream in described Fat-Tree network data specifically comprise:
S301, calculates this operable set of paths of stream (representing with array Paths []), and obtains the quantity PathNum=sizeof (Paths) of described available path;
S302, the index index=0 of the current selecting paths of initialization;
S303, for being about to the grouping path selection Paths [index] sent;
S304, upgrades index index=(index+1) the mod PathNum of current selecting paths;
S305, by the Option Field of described routing iinformation write IP of packet head;
S306, will divide into groups injection network; And
S307, repeats described step 303 to described step 306 until all data are sent.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, describedly carry out data retransmission by switch in described Fat-Tree network and specifically comprise:
S401, receives a message;
S402, judges that described grouping forwards to higher level switch or forwards to the switch of lower level time or main frame, wherein,
If described grouping should be forwarded to high-level switch by the switch of low level, then perform step 403, otherwise perform step 404;
S403, parses source-routed information from the Option Field of described IP of packet head, and forwards according to described source-routed information implementation data;
S404, according to the object IP address search routing table of described IP of packet head, forwards to obtain routing iinformation implementation data;
S405, repeats described step 401 to described step 404 until described all data are sent.
The present invention on the other hand embodiment proposes a kind of data center network source apparatus based on bag granularity, comprise: build module, for topological according to Fat-Tree network struction data center network, described data center network topology comprises multiple servers, multiple stage marginal layer switch, multiple stage Guinier-Preston zone switch and multiple stage core layer switch, wherein, described multiple stage marginal layer switch, described multiple stage Guinier-Preston zone switch and described multiple stage core layer switch all adopt isomorphism switch, every station server is connected with an edge of table layer switch in described multiple stage marginal layer switch, and described multiple stage marginal layer switch, the level of multiple stage Guinier-Preston zone switch and multiple stage core layer switch progressively promotes, configuration module, for configure described multiple servers operating system in the Fast retransmission threshold value of TCP be 10, acquisition module, for obtaining transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal of stream, described transmitting terminal sends data by all available paths to described receiving terminal, and forwarding module, for carrying out data retransmission by switch in described Fat-Tree network.
According to the data center network source routing device based on bag granularity that the embodiment of the present invention proposes, by building data center network topology, and the Fast retransmission threshold value of TCP in the operating system of configuration server, and obtain transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal of stream, the data transmission of realization by the transmitting terminal of stream all in Fat-Tree network and the data retransmission of all switches, utilize data center network topological feature, only introduce less packet overhead and realize source routing, and can dispense flow rate equably, without the need to revising server and exchange hardware, and utilize link circuit resource abundant in data center network fully, improve network throughput.
In addition, the data center network source routing device based on bag granularity according to the above embodiment of the present invention can also have following additional technical characteristic:
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, adopt polling mode that message is distributed to available path successively, and by source routing, routing iinformation is write header.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, described multiple servers, described multiple stage marginal layer switch and described multiple stage Guinier-Preston zone switch are divided into K cluster, and in each cluster, the quantity of server, marginal layer switch and Guinier-Preston zone switch is K respectively
2/ 4, K/2 and K/2, in each cluster, each edge of table layer switch uses K/2 port to be connected with K/2 station server, and an another K/2 port is connected with the K/2 platform Guinier-Preston zone switch in this cluster; K/2 the port that all Guinier-Preston zone switches are remaining and K
2/ 4 core layer switches are connected, to guarantee that every platform core layer switch to have with each cluster and to only have one to be connected.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, described transmitting terminal is used for: calculate this operable set of paths of stream (representing with array Paths []), and obtain the quantity PathNum=sizeof (Paths) of described available path; The index index=0 of the current selecting paths of initialization; For being about to the grouping path selection Paths [index] sent; Upgrade index index=(index+1) the mod PathNum of current selecting paths; By the Option Field of described routing iinformation write IP of packet head; And the injection network that will divide into groups, send all data.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, described switch is used for: receive a message; Judge that described grouping forwards to higher level switch or forwards to the switch of lower level time or main frame, wherein, if described grouping should be forwarded to high-level switch by the switch of low level, then from the Option Field of described IP of packet head, parse source-routed information, and forward according to described source-routed information implementation data, otherwise according to the object IP address search routing table of described IP of packet head, forward to obtain routing iinformation implementation data, send all data.
The aspect that the present invention adds and advantage will part provide in the following description, and part will become obvious from the following description, or be recognized by practice of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will become obvious and easy understand from accompanying drawing below combining to the description of embodiment, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the data center network source routing method based on bag granularity according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of data center network topology according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of two-stage stream list processing according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of first order stream table according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of second level stream table according to an embodiment of the invention; And
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the data center network source routing device based on bag granularity according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Be described below in detail embodiments of the invention, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein same or similar label represents same or similar element or has element that is identical or similar functions from start to finish.Be exemplary below by the embodiment be described with reference to the drawings, be intended to for explaining the present invention, and can not limitation of the present invention be interpreted as.
In addition, term " first ", " second " only for describing object, and can not be interpreted as instruction or hint relative importance or imply the quantity indicating indicated technical characteristic.Thus, be limited with " first ", the feature of " second " can express or impliedly comprise one or more these features.In describing the invention, the implication of " multiple " is two or more, unless otherwise expressly limited specifically.
In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the term such as term " installation ", " being connected ", " connection ", " fixing " should be interpreted broadly, and such as, can be fixedly connected with, also can be removably connect, or connect integratedly; Can be mechanical connection, also can be electrical connection; Can be directly be connected, also indirectly can be connected by intermediary, can be the connection of two element internals.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned term concrete meaning in the present invention can be understood as the case may be.
In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, fisrt feature second feature it " on " or D score can comprise the first and second features and directly contact, also can comprise the first and second features and not be directly contact but by the other characterisation contact between them.And, fisrt feature second feature " on ", " top " and " above " comprise fisrt feature directly over second feature and oblique upper, or only represent that fisrt feature level height is higher than second feature.Fisrt feature second feature " under ", " below " and " below " comprise fisrt feature directly over second feature and oblique upper, or only represent that fisrt feature level height is less than second feature.
Describe the data center network source routing method based on bag granularity and device that propose according to the embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, describe the data center network source routing method based on bag granularity proposed according to the embodiment of the present invention first with reference to the accompanying drawings.With reference to shown in Fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
S1, according to Fat-Tree network struction data center network topology, data center network topology comprises multiple servers, multiple stage marginal layer switch, multiple stage Guinier-Preston zone switch and multiple stage core layer switch, wherein, multiple stage marginal layer switch, multiple stage Guinier-Preston zone switch and multiple stage core layer switch all adopt isomorphism switch, every station server is connected with an edge of table layer switch in multiple stage marginal layer switch, and the level of multiple stage marginal layer switch, multiple stage Guinier-Preston zone switch and multiple stage core layer switch progressively promotes.
In one embodiment of the invention, multiple servers, multiple stage marginal layer switch and multiple stage Guinier-Preston zone switch are divided into K cluster, and in each cluster, the quantity of server, marginal layer switch and Guinier-Preston zone switch is K respectively
2/ 4, K/2 and K/2, in each cluster, each edge of table layer switch uses K/2 port to be connected with K/2 station server, and an another K/2 port is connected with the K/2 platform Guinier-Preston zone switch in this cluster; K/2 the port that all Guinier-Preston zone switches are remaining and K
2/ 4 core layer switches are connected, to guarantee that every platform core layer switch to have with each cluster and to only have one to be connected.
Particularly, first construct a topology of the data center network based on Fat-Tree, comprise: multiple servers, multiple stage switch, wherein:
Whole network adopts isomorphism switch, and the port number of each switch is K.5K is comprised in whole network
2/ 4 switches.These switches are divided three classes, and are marginal layer switch, Guinier-Preston zone switch and core layer switch respectively.The quantity of marginal layer switch and Guinier-Preston zone switch is K
2/ 2, the quantity of core layer switch is K
2/ 4.The stratum level of marginal layer switch, Guinier-Preston zone switch and core layer switch progressively promotes;
The quantity of the whole webserver is K
3/ 4;
Server, marginal layer switch and Guinier-Preston zone switch are divided into K cluster.In each cluster, the quantity of server, marginal layer switch and Guinier-Preston zone switch is K respectively
2/ 4, K/2 and K/2.In each cluster, each edge of table layer switch uses K/2 port to be connected with K/2 station server, and an another K/2 port is connected with the K/2 platform Guinier-Preston zone switch in this cluster;
K/2 the port that all Guinier-Preston zone switches are remaining and K
2/ 4 core layer switches are connected, and guarantee that every platform core layer switch has with each cluster and only has one to be connected.
S2, in the operating system of configuration multiple servers, the Fast retransmission threshold value of transmission control protocol TCP is 10.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the thresholding of Fast retransmission is risen to 10 by 3 by the embodiment of the present invention, thus alleviates the impact of out-of-order packet on TCP congestion avoidance algorithm.
S3, obtain transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal of stream, transmitting terminal sends data by all available paths to receiving terminal.
Wherein, in one embodiment of the invention, adopt polling mode that message is distributed to available path successively, and by source routing, routing iinformation is write header.
In an embodiment of the present invention, all groupings of this stream, by source routing mechanism, are distributed to all feasible paths in the mode of poll, thus are utilized the two-fold advantage of Internet resources and lifting network throughput efficiently by the transmitting terminal of each stream equably.
Particularly, in one embodiment of the invention, send data by the transmitting terminal of stream all in Fat-Tree network specifically to comprise:
S301, calculates this operable set of paths of stream (representing with array Paths []), and obtains the quantity PathNum=sizeof (Paths) of available path.
S302, the index index=0 of the current selecting paths of initialization.
S303, for being about to the grouping path selection Paths [index] sent.
S304, upgrades index index=(index+1) the mod PathNum of current selecting paths.
S305, writes the Option Field of IP of packet head by routing iinformation.
S306, will divide into groups injection network.
S307, repeated execution of steps 303 to step 306 is until all data are sent.
S4, carries out data retransmission by switch in Fat-Tree network.
Particularly, in one embodiment of the invention, carry out data retransmission by switch in Fat-Tree network specifically to comprise:
S401, receives a message;
S402, judges that grouping forwards to higher level switch or forwards to the switch of lower level time or main frame, wherein,
If grouping should be forwarded to high-level switch by the switch of low level, then perform step 403, otherwise perform step 404;
S403, parses source-routed information from the Option Field of IP of packet head, and forwards according to source-routed information implementation data;
S404, according to the object IP address search routing table of IP of packet head, forwards to obtain routing iinformation implementation data;
S405, repeated execution of steps 401 to step 404 is until all data are sent.
Compared to traditional routing mechanism based on stream granularity, the method of the embodiment of the present invention is the routing mechanism (PSR:Packet-based Source Routing) based on grouping granularity, the grouping be about to from same stream is transmitted by different path, improves the utilance of Internet resources.Because the end-to-end delay in different path is inconsistent, therefore receiving terminal inevitably receives out-of-order packet.Be there is congested mark as network by the congestion control mechanism of TCP in out of order message, once receive 4 out-of-order packet continuously, transmitting terminal can receive 3 repeat confirmation messages, and then trigger Fast retransmission, congestion window is reduced by half, cause throughput degradation.Therefore, in order to reduce the quantity of out of order message, the embodiment of the present invention uses source routing mechanism that all paths are distributed in the grouping from same flow equably, guarantees the end-to-end delay of every paths relatively.In addition, in order to reduce Fast retransmission unnecessary, the embodiment of the present invention improves the thresholding of Fast retransmission.
Specifically, in Fat-Tree network, according to the difference of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal position, stream can be divided into three classes: 1) across the stream of cluster, namely transmitting terminal and receiving terminal are in different clusters.2) across the stream of marginal layer switch, namely transmitting terminal and receiving terminal are in identical cluster, but are connected from different marginal layer switches.3) be under the jurisdiction of the stream of same marginal layer switch, namely transmitting terminal is connected by same marginal layer switch with receiving terminal.
By process number of links in units of, the path that above-mentioned three class streams are corresponding is respectively 6,4 and 2.Wherein the path of the 3rd class stream only has one article, and therefore the grouping of these streams only can be transmitted by a paths, and processing mode and the traditional routing of its route are as broad as long.For across the stream of cluster and the stream across marginal layer switch, its optional number of paths is K respectively
2/ 4 and K/2.In an embodiment of the present invention, mainly describe the execution mode across the stream of cluster and the stream across marginal layer switch.
First, according to the rule of Fat-Tree network topology, after the transmitting terminal of stream and receiving terminal are determined, its optional path can be calculated easily.In one embodiment of the invention, with reference to shown in Fig. 2, display be the Fat-Tree network of a K=4.Suppose that a transmitting terminal flowed is server S 1, receiving terminal is server S 13.Because both are in different clusters, therefore this stream is the stream across cluster.Wherein, number of paths=K that this stream is available
2/ 4=4 bar.According to Fat-Tree topology rule, this 4 paths (as being with in figure shown in arrow lines) can be calculated easily, i.e. S1 → E1 → A1 → C1 → A7 → E7 → S13, S1 → E1 → A2 → C3 → A8 → E7 → S13, S1 → E1 → A1 → C2 → A7 → E7 → S13, and S1 → E1 → A2 → C4 → A8 → E7 → S13.In order to be assigned on these feasible paths by uniform flow, PSR have employed the mode of poll, and message is distributed to available path successively.It should be noted that, in figure, switch E1 ~ E8 is marginal layer switch, and switch A 1 ~ A8 is Guinier-Preston zone switch, and switch C1 ~ C4 is core layer switch, and S1 ~ S16 is server, and 0 ~ 3 is that switch forwards the index value of port.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, in order to make grouping carry out route according to selected path, the embodiment of the present invention employs source routing technology, by routing iinformation write header.As shown in Figure 1, when grouping is from low level switch to high-level switch route (up route, representing with solid line in figure, the arrows show data direction of propagation) Shi Caihui faces Path selection, and down hop can forward port unique identification by local.For switch E1, after grouping arrives E1, can carry out route, i.e. A1 or A2 by two down hops, the index value of this locality forwarding port of its correspondence is respectively 2 or 3.And path is well-determined when dividing into groups from high-level switch to low level switch route (downstream routing, is represented by dotted lines in figure, the arrows show data direction of propagation).
Therefore, in the specific implementation, PSR uses the local index forwarding port to identify routing iinformation.Because just can Route Selection be faced when only having up route, and path is well-determined during downstream routing, so the maximum double bounce of routing iinformation that PSR writes in source routing: for the stream across cluster, need double bounce routing iinformation, namely during up route, the marginal layer switch of process and this locality of Guinier-Preston zone switch forward port index; For the stream across marginal layer switch, only need one to jump routing iinformation, namely during up route, this locality of the marginal layer switch of process forwards port index.For the index value of each port, PSR uses a byte to carry out record.Marginal layer switch and forwarding port index value corresponding to Guinier-Preston zone switch leave fixed position corresponding in the Optional Field of IP head in.
The route of PSR is divided into two parts.A part is source routing, occurs in up routing phase.By way of switch will analyze the Optional Field information of IP of packet head received, and go to relevant position to read according to switch type (marginal layer switch, or Guinier-Preston zone switch) to forward port, and from corresponding port repeat data.Another part is IP address-based route, occurs in the downstream routing stage.By way of switch according to object IP address implement route.
In order to realize two-stage route, a kind of realization is the switch configuration two-stage stream table for supporting OpenFlow.With reference to shown in Fig. 3, be the flow chart of two-stage stream list processing, wherein, in marginal layer switch, the first order and second level stream table are respectively by shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.Use the value identification message of TOS field to use source routing or IP route in realization: " 111111 " represent use source routing, " 000000 " represents use IP route.The most initial TOS field value of all messages is " 111111 ".First order stream table is first mated in all groupings, if the match is successful for first order stream table, show to use source routing, message forwards along the port that the match is successful.Otherwise the TOS field of message is rewritten as " 000000 " and is sent to second level stream table mates, perform IP route.Stream table shown in the two-stage stream table of Guinier-Preston zone switch and Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is similar, and unique difference is mated field Fwd.Port2 in first order stream table.
Although use source routing mechanism that grouping is distributed to available transmission path in the mode of poll can ensure uniform distribution network traffics, guarantee in network without focus.But from all groupings of flowing by different path transmission, still inevitably cause the out of order of grouping, cause unnecessary Fast retransmission.Therefore, in the specific implementation, the Fast retransmission thresholding of TCP is promoted to 10 from 3 by the embodiment of the present invention, avoids unnecessary Fast retransmission.
In one particular embodiment of the present invention, the embodiment of the present invention establishes a Fat-Tree topology, and the port number of every platform switch is 24.Link bandwidth is 1Gbps, and propagation delay time is set to 25 microseconds.Further, this topology is tested, have employed Permutation flow rate mode, under this flow rate mode, every station server is only transmitting terminal or the receiving terminal of a stream, and every station server sends 10MB data.The embodiment of the present invention uses PSR, RPS, Hedera and ECMP to use above-mentioned flow rate mode to complete experiment respectively.Experimental result shows, and PSR improves 47.47%, 75.21 and 76.48 respectively than the performance of RPS, Hedera and ECMP.Therefore, experimental result shows that PSR more effectively can utilize the network bandwidth than existing scheme, promotes network throughput.
According to the data center network source routing method based on bag granularity that the embodiment of the present invention proposes, by building data center network topology, and the Fast retransmission threshold value of TCP in the operating system of configuration server, and obtain transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal of stream, the data transmission of realization by the transmitting terminal of stream all in Fat-Tree network and the data retransmission of all switches, utilize data center network topological feature, only introduce less packet overhead and realize source routing, and can dispense flow rate equably, without the need to revising server and exchange hardware, and utilize link circuit resource abundant in data center network fully, improve network throughput.
Next describes the data center network source routing device based on bag granularity proposed according to the embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.With reference to shown in Fig. 6, this device 10 comprises: build module 100, configuration module 200, acquisition module 300 and forwarding module 400.
Wherein, build module 100 for topological according to Fat-Tree network struction data center network, data center network topology comprises multiple servers, multiple stage marginal layer switch, multiple stage Guinier-Preston zone switch and multiple stage core layer switch, wherein, multiple stage marginal layer switch, multiple stage Guinier-Preston zone switch and multiple stage core layer switch all adopt isomorphism switch, every station server is connected with an edge of table layer switch in multiple stage marginal layer switch, and the level of multiple stage marginal layer switch, multiple stage Guinier-Preston zone switch and multiple stage core layer switch progressively promotes.Configuration module 200 for configure multiple servers operating system in the Fast retransmission threshold value of TCP be 10.Acquisition module 300 is for obtaining transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal of stream, and transmitting terminal sends data by all available paths to receiving terminal.Forwarding module 400 is for carrying out data retransmission by switch in Fat-Tree network.
In one embodiment of the invention, multiple servers, multiple stage marginal layer switch and multiple stage Guinier-Preston zone switch are divided into K cluster, and in each cluster, the quantity of server, marginal layer switch and Guinier-Preston zone switch is K respectively
2/ 4, K/2 and K/2, in each cluster, each edge of table layer switch uses K/2 port to be connected with K/2 station server, and an another K/2 port is connected with the K/2 platform Guinier-Preston zone switch in this cluster; K/2 the port that all Guinier-Preston zone switches are remaining and K
2/ 4 core layer switches are connected, to guarantee that every platform core layer switch to have with each cluster and to only have one to be connected.
Particularly, first construct a topology of the data center network based on Fat-Tree, comprise: multiple servers, multiple stage switch, wherein:
Whole network adopts isomorphism switch, and the port number of each switch is K.5K is comprised in whole network
2/ 4 switches.These switches are divided three classes, and are marginal layer switch, Guinier-Preston zone switch and core layer switch respectively.The quantity of marginal layer switch and Guinier-Preston zone switch is K
2/ 2, the quantity of core layer switch is K
2/ 4.The stratum level of marginal layer switch, Guinier-Preston zone switch and core layer switch progressively promotes;
The quantity of the whole webserver is K
3/ 4;
Server, marginal layer switch and Guinier-Preston zone switch are divided into K cluster.In each cluster, the quantity of server, marginal layer switch and Guinier-Preston zone switch is K respectively
2/ 4, K/2 and K/2.In each cluster, each edge of table layer switch uses K/2 port to be connected with K/2 station server, and an another K/2 port is connected with the K/2 platform Guinier-Preston zone switch in this cluster;
K/2 the port that all Guinier-Preston zone switches are remaining and K
2/ 4 core layer switches are connected, and guarantee that every platform core layer switch has with each cluster and only has one to be connected.
Wherein, in one embodiment of the invention, adopt polling mode that message is distributed to available path successively, and by source routing, routing iinformation is write header.
In an embodiment of the present invention, all groupings of this stream, by source routing mechanism, are distributed to all feasible paths in the mode of poll, thus are utilized the two-fold advantage of Internet resources and lifting network throughput efficiently by the transmitting terminal of each stream equably.
Particularly, in one embodiment of the invention, transmitting terminal is used for: calculate this operable set of paths of stream (representing with array Paths []), and obtain the quantity PathNum=sizeof (Paths) of available path; The index index=0 of the current selecting paths of initialization; For being about to the grouping path selection Paths [index] sent; Upgrade index index=(index+1) the mod PathNum of current selecting paths; Routing iinformation is write the Option Field of IP of packet head; To be divided into groups injection network, send all data.
Further, switch is used in one embodiment of the invention: receive a message; Judge that grouping forwards to higher level switch or forwards to the switch of lower level time or main frame, wherein, if grouping should be forwarded to high-level switch by the switch of low level, then from the Option Field of IP of packet head, parse source-routed information, and forward according to source-routed information implementation data, otherwise according to the object IP address search routing table of IP of packet head, forward to obtain routing iinformation implementation data, send all data.
Compared to traditional routing mechanism based on stream granularity, the method for the embodiment of the present invention is the routing mechanism (PSR) based on grouping granularity, is about to be transmitted by different path from the grouping of same stream, improves the utilance of Internet resources.Because the end-to-end delay in different path is inconsistent, therefore receiving terminal inevitably receives out-of-order packet.Be there is congested mark as network by the congestion control mechanism of TCP in out of order message, once receive 4 out-of-order packet continuously, transmitting terminal can receive 3 repeat confirmation messages, and then trigger Fast retransmission, congestion window is reduced by half, cause throughput degradation.Therefore, in order to reduce the quantity of out of order message, the embodiment of the present invention uses source routing mechanism that all paths are distributed in the grouping from same flow equably, guarantees the end-to-end delay of every paths relatively.In addition, in order to reduce Fast retransmission unnecessary, the embodiment of the present invention improves the thresholding of Fast retransmission.
Specifically, in Fat-Tree network, according to the difference of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal position, stream can be divided into three classes: 1) across the stream of cluster, namely transmitting terminal and receiving terminal are in different clusters.2) across the stream of marginal layer switch, namely transmitting terminal and receiving terminal are in identical cluster, but are connected from different marginal layer switches.3) be under the jurisdiction of the stream of same marginal layer switch, namely transmitting terminal is connected by same marginal layer switch with receiving terminal.
By process number of links in units of, the path that above-mentioned three class streams are corresponding is respectively 6,4 and 2.Wherein the path of the 3rd class stream only has one article, and therefore the grouping of these streams only can be transmitted by a stream, and processing mode and the standard route of its route are as broad as long.For across the stream of cluster and the stream across marginal layer switch, its optional number of paths is K respectively
2/ 4 and K/2.In an embodiment of the present invention, mainly describe the execution mode across the stream of cluster and the stream across marginal layer switch.
First, according to the rule of Fat-Tree network topology, after the transmitting terminal of stream and receiving terminal are determined, its optional path can be calculated easily.In one embodiment of the invention, with reference to shown in Fig. 2, display be the Fat-Tree network of a K=4.Suppose that a transmitting terminal flowed is server S 1, receiving terminal is server S 13.Because both are in different clusters, therefore this stream is the stream across cluster.Wherein, number of paths=K that this stream is available
2/ 4=4 bar.According to Fat-Tree topology rule, this 4 paths (as being with in figure shown in arrow lines) can be calculated easily, i.e. S1 → E1 → A1 → C1 → A7 → E7 → S13, S1 → E1 → A2 → C3 → A8 → E7 → S13, S1 → E1 → A1 → C2 → A7 → E7 → S13, and S1 → E1 → A2 → C4 → A8 → E7 → S13.In order to be assigned on these feasible paths by uniform flow, PSR have employed the mode of poll, and message is distributed to available path successively.It should be noted that, in figure, switch E1 ~ E8 is marginal layer switch, and switch A 1 ~ A8 is Guinier-Preston zone switch, and switch C1 ~ C4 is core layer switch, and S1 ~ S16 is server, and 0 ~ 3 is that switch forwards the index value of port.。
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, in order to make grouping carry out route according to selected path, the embodiment of the present invention employs source routing technology, by routing iinformation write header.As shown in Figure 1, when grouping is from low level switch to high-level switch route (up route, representing with solid line in figure, the arrows show data direction of propagation) Shi Caihui faces Path selection, and down hop can forward port unique identification by local.For switch E1, after grouping arrives E1, can carry out route, i.e. A1 or A2 by two down hops, the index value of this locality forwarding port of its correspondence is respectively 2 or 3.And path is well-determined when dividing into groups from high-level switch to low level switch route (downstream routing, is represented by dotted lines in figure, the arrows show data direction of propagation).
Therefore, in the specific implementation, PSR uses the local index forwarding port to identify routing iinformation.Because just can Route Selection be faced when only having up route, and path is well-determined during downstream routing, so the maximum double bounce of routing iinformation that PSR writes in source routing: for the stream across cluster, need double bounce routing iinformation, namely during up route, the marginal layer switch of process and this locality of Guinier-Preston zone switch forward port index; For the stream across marginal layer switch, only need one to jump routing iinformation, namely during up route, this locality of the marginal layer switch of process forwards port index.For the index value of each port, PSR uses a byte to carry out record.Marginal layer switch and forwarding port index value corresponding to Guinier-Preston zone switch leave fixed position corresponding in the Optional Field of IP head in.
The route of PSR is divided into two parts.A part is source routing, occurs in up routing phase.By way of switch will analyze the Optional Field information of IP of packet head received, and go to relevant position to read according to switch type (marginal layer switch, or Guinier-Preston zone switch) to forward port, and from corresponding port repeat data.Another part is IP address-based route, occurs in the downstream routing stage.By way of switch according to object IP address route.
In order to realize two-stage route, a kind of realization is the switch configuration two-stage stream table for supporting OpenFlow.With reference to shown in Fig. 3, be the flow chart of two-stage stream list processing, wherein, in marginal layer switch, the first order and second level stream table are respectively by shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.Use the value identification message of TOS field to use source routing or IP route in realization: " 111111 " represent use source routing, " 000000 " represents use IP route.The most initial TOS field value of all messages is " 111111 ".First order stream table is first mated in all groupings, if the match is successful for first order stream table, show to use source routing, message forwards along the port that the match is successful.Otherwise the TOS field of message is rewritten as " 000000 " and is sent to second level stream table mates, perform IP route.Stream table shown in the two-stage stream table of Guinier-Preston zone switch and Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is similar, and unique difference is mated field Fwd.Port2 in first order stream table.
Although use source routing mechanism that grouping is distributed to available transmission path in the mode of poll can ensure uniform distribution network traffics, guarantee in network without focus.But from all groupings of flowing by different path transmission, still inevitably cause the out of order of grouping, cause unnecessary Fast retransmission.Therefore, in the specific implementation, the Fast retransmission thresholding of TCP is promoted to 10 from 3 by the embodiment of the present invention, avoids unnecessary Fast retransmission.
In one particular embodiment of the present invention, the embodiment of the present invention establishes a Fat-Tree topology, and the port number of every platform switch is 24.Link bandwidth is 1Gbps, and propagation delay time is set to 25 microseconds.Further, this topology is tested, have employed Permutation flow rate mode, under this flow rate mode, every station server is only transmitting terminal or the receiving terminal of a stream, and every station server sends 10MB data.The embodiment of the present invention uses PSR, RPS, Hedera and ECMP to use above-mentioned flow rate mode to complete experiment respectively.Experimental result shows, and PSR improves 47.47%, 75.21 and 76.48 respectively than the performance of RPS, Hedera and ECMP.Therefore, experimental result shows that PSR more effectively can utilize the network bandwidth than existing scheme, promotes network throughput.
According to the data center network source routing device based on bag granularity that the embodiment of the present invention proposes, by building data center network topology, and the Fast retransmission threshold value of TCP in the operating system of configuration server, and obtain transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal of stream, utilize data center network topological feature, only introduce less packet overhead and realize source routing, and can dispense flow rate equably, without the need to revising server and exchange hardware, and utilize link circuit resource abundant in data center network fully, improve network throughput.
Describe and can be understood in flow chart or in this any process otherwise described or method, represent and comprise one or more for realizing the module of the code of the executable instruction of the step of specific logical function or process, fragment or part, and the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises other realization, wherein can not according to order that is shown or that discuss, comprise according to involved function by the mode while of basic or by contrary order, carry out n-back test, this should understand by embodiments of the invention person of ordinary skill in the field.
In flow charts represent or in this logic otherwise described and/or step, such as, the sequencing list of the executable instruction for realizing logic function can be considered to, may be embodied in any computer-readable medium, for instruction execution system, device or equipment (as computer based system, comprise the system of processor or other can from instruction execution system, device or equipment instruction fetch and perform the system of instruction) use, or to use in conjunction with these instruction execution systems, device or equipment.With regard to this specification, " computer-readable medium " can be anyly can to comprise, store, communicate, propagate or transmission procedure for instruction execution system, device or equipment or the device that uses in conjunction with these instruction execution systems, device or equipment.The example more specifically (non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable medium comprises following: the electrical connection section (electronic installation) with one or more wiring, portable computer diskette box (magnetic device), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasablely edit read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber device, and portable optic disk read-only memory (CDROM).In addition, computer-readable medium can be even paper or other suitable media that can print described program thereon, because can such as by carrying out optical scanner to paper or other media, then carry out editing, decipher or carry out process with other suitable methods if desired and electronically obtain described program, be then stored in computer storage.
Should be appreciated that each several part of the present invention can realize with hardware, software, firmware or their combination.In the above-described embodiment, multiple step or method can with to store in memory and the software performed by suitable instruction execution system or firmware realize.Such as, if realized with hardware, the same in another embodiment, can realize by any one in following technology well known in the art or their combination: the discrete logic with the logic gates for realizing logic function to data-signal, there is the application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) of suitable combinational logic gate circuit, programmable gate array (PGA), field programmable gate array (FPGA) etc.
Those skilled in the art are appreciated that realizing all or part of step that above-described embodiment method carries is that the hardware that can carry out instruction relevant by program completes, described program can be stored in a kind of computer-readable recording medium, this program perform time, step comprising embodiment of the method one or a combination set of.
In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention can be integrated in a processing module, also can be that the independent physics of unit exists, also can be integrated in a module by two or more unit.Above-mentioned integrated module both can adopt the form of hardware to realize, and the form of software function module also can be adopted to realize.If described integrated module using the form of software function module realize and as independently production marketing or use time, also can be stored in a computer read/write memory medium.
The above-mentioned storage medium mentioned can be read-only memory, disk or CD etc.
In the description of this specification, specific features, structure, material or feature that the description of reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means to describe in conjunction with this embodiment or example are contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or example.In this manual, identical embodiment or example are not necessarily referred to the schematic representation of above-mentioned term.And the specific features of description, structure, material or feature can combine in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiment or example.
Although illustrate and describe embodiments of the invention above, be understandable that, above-described embodiment is exemplary, can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can change above-described embodiment within the scope of the invention when not departing from principle of the present invention and aim, revising, replacing and modification.
Claims (10)
1., based on a data center network source routing method for bag granularity, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S1, according to Fat-Tree network struction data center network topology, described data center network topology comprises multiple servers, multiple stage marginal layer switch, multiple stage Guinier-Preston zone switch and multiple stage core layer switch, wherein,
Described multiple stage marginal layer switch, described multiple stage Guinier-Preston zone switch and described multiple stage core layer switch all adopt isomorphism switch, every station server is connected with an edge of table layer switch in described multiple stage marginal layer switch, and the level of described multiple stage marginal layer switch, multiple stage Guinier-Preston zone switch and multiple stage core layer switch progressively promotes;
S2, the Fast retransmission threshold value configuring transmission control protocol TCP in the operating system of described multiple servers is 10;
S3, obtain transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal of stream, described transmitting terminal sends data by all available paths to described receiving terminal; And
S4, carries out data retransmission by switch in described Fat-Tree network.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, adopts polling mode that message is distributed to available path successively, and by source routing, routing iinformation is write header.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described multiple servers, described multiple stage marginal layer switch and described multiple stage Guinier-Preston zone switch are divided into K cluster, and in each cluster, the quantity of server, marginal layer switch and Guinier-Preston zone switch is K respectively
2/ 4, K/2 and K/2, in each cluster, each edge of table layer switch uses K/2 port to be connected with K/2 station server, and an another K/2 port is connected with the K/2 platform Guinier-Preston zone switch in this cluster;
K/2 the port that all Guinier-Preston zone switches are remaining and K
2/ 4 core layer switches are connected, to guarantee that every platform core layer switch to have with each cluster and to only have one to be connected.
4. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the described transmitting terminal by all stream in described Fat-Tree network sends data and specifically comprises:
S301, calculates this operable set of paths of stream (representing with array Paths []), and obtains the quantity PathNum=sizeof (Paths) of described available path;
S302, the index index=0 of the current selecting paths of initialization;
S303, for being about to the grouping path selection Paths [index] sent;
S304, upgrades index index=(index+1) the mod PathNum of current selecting paths;
S305, by the Option Field of described routing iinformation write IP of packet head;
S306, will divide into groups injection network; And
S307, repeats described step 303 to described step 306 until all data are sent.
5. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, describedly carries out data retransmission by switch in described Fat-Tree network and specifically comprises:
S401, receives a message;
S402, judges that described grouping forwards to higher level switch or forwards to the switch of lower level time or main frame, wherein,
If described grouping should be forwarded to high-level switch by the switch of low level, then perform step 403, otherwise perform step 404;
S403, parses source-routed information from the Option Field of described IP of packet head, and forwards according to described source-routed information implementation data;
S404, according to the object IP address search routing table of described IP of packet head, forwards to obtain routing iinformation implementation data;
S405, repeats described step 401 to described step 404 until described all data are sent.
6., based on a data center network source apparatus for bag granularity, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Build module, for topological according to Fat-Tree network struction data center network, described data center network topology comprises multiple servers, multiple stage marginal layer switch, multiple stage Guinier-Preston zone switch and multiple stage core layer switch, wherein,
Described multiple stage marginal layer switch, described multiple stage Guinier-Preston zone switch and described multiple stage core layer switch all adopt isomorphism switch, every station server is connected with an edge of table layer switch in described multiple stage marginal layer switch, and the level of described multiple stage marginal layer switch, multiple stage Guinier-Preston zone switch and multiple stage core layer switch progressively promotes;
Configuration module, for configure described multiple servers operating system in the Fast retransmission threshold value of TCP be 10;
Acquisition module, for obtaining transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal of stream, described transmitting terminal sends data by all available paths to described receiving terminal; And
Forwarding module, for carrying out data retransmission by switch in described Fat-Tree network.
7. device according to claim 6, is characterized in that, adopts polling mode that message is distributed to available path successively, and by source routing, routing iinformation is write header.
8. device according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described multiple servers, described multiple stage marginal layer switch and described multiple stage Guinier-Preston zone switch are divided into K cluster, and in each cluster, the quantity of server, marginal layer switch and Guinier-Preston zone switch is K respectively
2/ 4, K/2 and K/2, in each cluster, each edge of table layer switch uses K/2 port to be connected with K/2 station server, and an another K/2 port is connected with the K/2 platform Guinier-Preston zone switch in this cluster;
K/2 the port that all Guinier-Preston zone switches are remaining and K
2/ 4 core layer switches are connected, to guarantee that every platform core layer switch to have with each cluster and to only have one to be connected.
9. device according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described transmitting terminal is used for:
Calculate this operable set of paths of stream (representing with array Paths []), and obtain the quantity PathNum=sizeof (Paths) of described available path;
The index index=0 of the current selecting paths of initialization;
For being about to the grouping path selection Paths [index] sent;
Upgrade index index=(index+1) the mod PathNum of current selecting paths;
By the Option Field of described routing iinformation write IP of packet head; And
To be divided into groups injection network, send all data.
10. device according to claim 9, is characterized in that, described switch is used for:
Receive a message;
Judge that described grouping forwards to higher level switch or forwards to the switch of lower level time or main frame, wherein,
If described grouping should be forwarded to high-level switch by the switch of low level, then from the Option Field of described IP of packet head, parse source-routed information, and forward according to described source-routed information implementation data, otherwise according to the object IP address search routing table of described IP of packet head, forward to obtain routing iinformation implementation data, send all data.
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