CN104579046B - Reversing control device and method for brushless direct current motor - Google Patents

Reversing control device and method for brushless direct current motor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104579046B
CN104579046B CN201510032964.9A CN201510032964A CN104579046B CN 104579046 B CN104579046 B CN 104579046B CN 201510032964 A CN201510032964 A CN 201510032964A CN 104579046 B CN104579046 B CN 104579046B
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commutation
brshless
motor
black
electric angle
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CN104579046A (en
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李宁
李庆之
周杰
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Chongqing Duonaida Auto Parts Co., Ltd.
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Nanjing Institute of Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/14Electronic commutators
    • H02P6/16Circuit arrangements for detecting position

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Brushless Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a reversing control device and method for a brushless direct current motor. The reversing control device comprises infrared detection elements, a hard lantern ring, a logic control circuit module and an electronic commutator. The three infrared detection elements are arranged on the radial outer side of the hard lantern ring, distributed on an annular printed circuit board at a 120-degree electrical angle, and communicated with the logic control circuit module. A motor shaft of the non-output end of the brushless direct current motor is sleeved with the hard lantern ring. Black-and-white patterns repeated periodically are printed on the surface of the hard lantern ring. An external equipment system is sequentially communicated with the logic control circuit module and the electronic commutator. The infrared detection elements and the hard lantern ring with the patterns are matched, the positions of a rotor magnetic pole of the brushless direct current motor are detected, the structure is simple, installation accuracy is high, and cost is low.

Description

A kind of brshless DC motor control device for reversing and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-precision control device for reversing that can adjust brshless DC motor commutation trigger point, especially It is related to a kind of brshless DC motor control device for reversing and method, belongs to motor control technology field.
Background technology
Permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine (Brushless DC Permanent Magnet Motor) have structure simple, can By property height, efficiency high, starting performance be good and the advantages of good speed adjustment features, the application in all trades and professions is more and more extensive.
Rotor-position is the signal of interest controlling needed for brshless DC motor, and current permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine is typically adopted Detect rotor-position with Hall switch sensor, commutated according to rotor-position.
Generally Hall element has two kinds of installation methods:One kind is to be directly installed in stator slot (or tooth);Another kind is It is arranged separately in the anti-drive end of motor, and equipped with independent magnet ring on axle, the installation accuracy of hall position sensor is to permanent magnetism The runnability impact of motor is very big.
It is mounted directly Hall element and there is easy-to-install advantage, but reversal point trigger point can not be adjusted completely and shift to an earlier date Or postpone;Therefore, the whole parameter designing of motor must be very accurate, is otherwise possible to not reach rated speed or rated power.
Separately installed Hall element, needs to be distributed Hall element for 120 ° according to electrical angle, typically makes Annular printed circuit board, needs independent magnet ring, and magnet ring not only should have identical number of magnetic poles with rotor, and from former Say in reason, the distribution of magnetic pole on magnet ring be distributed with the magnetic pole of brushless DC motor rotor should also be as identical, but due to the technique that magnetizes Restriction, magnetic pole distribution and the magnetic pole of rotor of magnet ring be distributed physical presence error, and this have impact on forever to a certain extent The raising further of the performance of magnetic brshless DC motor.In addition, for separately installed Hall element, being to be adjusted by rotation Hall element printed circuit board (PCB), to finely tune motor commutation trigger point, and such adjustment can only be entered during motor assembling OK;Once completing, in the middle of running, commutation trigger point cannot change, and this directly limit the speed governing of brshless DC motor Scope.
Content of the invention
For solving the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of brshless DC motor control device for reversing and method;Can With by detecting to the rotor magnetic pole position of brshless DC motor, and provide the commutation control signal of routine, can also be accurate Really be given and be advanced or delayed the indication signal of trigger point that commutates.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:A kind of brshless DC motor control device for reversing, including infrared detection unit Part, the hard collar, logic control circuit modules, electronic commutator;Described infrared detection device is provided with three groups, and described three groups Infrared detection device is arranged on the radial outside of the hard collar, and according to electrical angle, 120 ° are distributed in one piece of annular printed circuit board On, and connect with logic control circuit modules;Described annular printed circuit board is vacantly enclosed within the non-outfan of brshless DC motor Radially above, the described hard collar is socketed on the motor shaft of the non-outfan of brshless DC motor motor shaft, and in described hard The surface of the collar is printed on the black and white pattern of cycle repetition, and the black and white pattern in each cycle is relative with a pair of magnetic pole of rotor Should;External equipment system and logic control circuit modules and electronic commutator sequential communication.
Wherein, described infrared detection device include being parallel to each other placement GaAs (GaAs) infrarede emitting diode and Silicon phototriode;In order to allow infrared detection device the black and white pattern of hard collar radial surface is preferably detected, described red Outer detecting element is vacantly arranged at the radial outside 5mm of the hard collar.
Further, the surface of the described hard collar is printed on the black and white pattern groups more than rotor magnetic pole equivalent;Every group black White pattern includes one S with 120 ° of electric angle all black pattern segments correspondence a pair of magnetic poles of rotor extremely under center Domain;One N with corresponding a pair of the magnetic pole of rotor of 120 ° of electric angle whole white pattern segments extremely under central area;In all black All there is a transition pattern section, each transition pattern section corresponds to 60 ° of electric angles after pattern segments and whole white pattern segments, And described transition pattern is chequered with black and white striped, the width of each striped corresponds to 1 ° of electric angle.
Further, described logic control circuit modules include commutation logic circuit and pulse width modulator;Described commutation logic The position that circuit receives three groups of infrared detection device outputs detects that pulse train and the direction controlling of external equipment system input are believed Number;Described pulse width modulator receives the speed control signal of external equipment system input;And external equipment system sent Speed control signal is modulated into pulse width modulating signal (PWM);Described pulse width modulating signal (PWM) is patrolled with described commutation Wherein three tunnels in six road signals of volume circuit output be separately input to three with door, three output signals with door are amplified It is sent to the control end of on high-tension side three switching tubes of electronic commutator, in six road signals of described commutation logic circuit output The control end of amplified three switching tubes being sent directly to electronic commutator low-pressure side of other three road signals, wherein, described Electronic commutator be three-phase bridge type converter;Wherein said three-phase bridge type converter is SPM IRAMX20UP60A.
Further, also it is communicated with overcurrent protection mould between described electronic commutator and logic control circuit modules Block, for the overcurrent protection of electronic commutator.
A kind of brshless DC motor reverse control method, step is as follows:
(1) three group of infrared detection device detects black and white pattern that on the hard collar, the cycle repeats and is converted into three tunnel positions Detection pulse train, and this pulse train is sent to logic control circuit modules;Three wherein said tunnel position detection pulses Sequence Zhong Mei road pulse train is all to repeat in the cycle, three tunnel position detection 120 ° of electric angles of pulse train mutual deviation;On one, every road In periodic pulse train, including one 120 ° electric angle high level sections and one 120 ° electric angle low level sections, also include being located at Two 60 ° electric angle narrow pulse sequence sections between 120 ° of high level sections and 120 ° of low level sections, the narrow arteries and veins of described 60 ° of electric angles Rush the 30 1 ° electric angle high level sequence that sequence section is spaced arrangement and 30 1 ° electric angle low level sequence;
(2) pulse that the commutation logic circuit in logic control circuit modules sends with reference to three groups of infrared detection devices The direction control signal that sequence and external equipment system send carries out logical operation process and obtains six road commutation control signals, its In three tunnels be used for controlling high-pressure side three switching tube of electronic commutator, in addition three tunnels are used for controlling the low-pressure side of electronic commutator Three switching tubes;
(3) speed control signal that external equipment system sends is modulated through pulse width modulator and is produced pulse width tune Signal processed, pulse width modulating signal carries out logical AND, shape respectively with three road commutation control signals of three switching tubes in high-pressure side Multiplex modulated signal is become to be used for controlling three switching tubes of electronic commutator mesohigh side, three of electronic commutator mesolow side The other three road commutation control signals that switching tube accepts commutation logic circuit output respectively control;By controlling electronic commutator complete Become brshless DC motor commutation control and speed controlling.Wherein, the commutation trigger point of described brshless DC motor commutation control In 60 ° of electric angle narrow pulse sequence sections, 30 ° of electric corner points commutate therebetween, are normal commutation;Less than 30 ° of electric angles Place's commutation, for commutating in advance;Commutate at more than 30 ° of electric angles, be late commutation;Logic control circuit modules are according to commutation electric angle Be advanced or delayed, adjustment brshless DC motor reference rotation speed.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is:Traditional Hall element is replaced using high-precision infrared detection device, adopts The hard collar with special black and white printed patterns replaces traditional magnet ring, forms a kind of new permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine and changes To control device, this control device by detecting to the rotor magnetic pole position of brshless DC motor, and often can provide The commutation control signal of rule, can also accurately provide the indication signal being advanced or delayed commutation control trigger point;There is installation essence Degree is high, structure is simple, the features such as cost is cheap.
Brief description:
Fig. 1 is each several part connection diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is infrared detection device schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is infrared detection device of the present invention and hard collar scheme of installation;
Fig. 4 be hard collar black and white pattern of the present invention radially expanded view and brushless DC motor rotor three opposite potential A, The corresponding relation schematic diagram of B, C;
Fig. 5 is that the present invention three tunnel position detection pulse train waveform is contrary with the electric angle number of degrees and brushless DC motor rotor three Potential A, the corresponding relation schematic diagram of B, C;
In figure Main Reference Numerals implication is as follows:
1st, infrared detection device, 2, infrarede emitting diode, 3, silicon phototriode, 4, the hard collar, 5, brushless direct-current The motor shaft of the non-outfan of motor, 6, annular printed circuit board.
Specific embodiment:
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is done with specific introduction.
Fig. 1 is each several part connection diagram of the present invention;Fig. 2 is infrared detection device schematic diagram of the present invention;Fig. 3 is the present invention Infrared detection device and hard collar scheme of installation;Fig. 4 is hard collar black and white pattern of the present invention radially expanded view and nothing The corresponding relation schematic diagram of brushless motor rotor three-phase back-emf A, B, C;Fig. 5 is that pulse train is detected in the present invention three tunnel position Waveform and the corresponding relation schematic diagram of the electric angle number of degrees and brushless DC motor rotor three opposite potential A, B, C;
Embodiment one
As shown in figs. 1 and 3:The present embodiment is a kind of brshless DC motor control device for reversing, including infrared detection device 1st, the hard collar 4, logic control circuit modules, electronic commutator;Infrared detection device 1 is provided with three groups, and three groups of infrared inspections Survey the radial outside that element 1 is arranged on the hard collar 4,120 ° are distributed on one piece of annular printed circuit board 6 according to electrical angle, and Connect with logic control circuit modules;As shown in Figures 2 and 3:Infrared detection device 1 described in the present embodiment includes being parallel to each other and puts GaAs (GaAs) infrarede emitting diode 2 put and silicon phototriode 3;In order to allow infrared detection device 1 preferably to detect To the black and white pattern on the hard collar 4 surface, described infrared detection device 1 is vacantly arranged on the radial outside 5mm of the hard collar 4 Place.
The annular printed circuit board 6 that the present embodiment adopts vacantly is enclosed within motor shaft 5 footpath of the non-outfan of brshless DC motor Upward, the described hard collar 4 is socketed on the motor shaft 5 of the non-outfan of brshless DC motor, and in the described hard collar 4 Surface be printed on one group of black and white pattern, one group of described black and white pattern is corresponding with a pair of magnetic pole that rotor is arranged;As Fig. 4 Shown:It is printed on one group of more than a pair of magnetic pole equivalent of rotor, corresponding black and white pattern groups on the surface of the hard collar 4; Described one group of black and white pattern include a S with corresponding a pair of the magnetic pole of rotor of 120 ° of electric angle all black pattern segments extremely under Central area;One N with corresponding a pair of the magnetic pole of rotor of 120 ° of electric angle whole white pattern segments extremely under central area; All there is a transition pattern section after all black pattern segments and whole white pattern segments, each transition pattern section corresponds to 60 ° of electric angles, and described transition pattern is chequered with black and white striped, the width of each striped corresponds to 1 ° of electric angle.
As shown in Figure 1:External equipment system and logic control circuit modules and electronic commutator sequential communication;Logic control Circuit module utilize drive output a, b, c, d, e, f respectively with electronic commutator signal input part a、b’、c’、d’、e’、f’ Corresponding connection, by commutation control signal output in electronic commutator;Described logic control circuit modules include commutation logic electricity Road and pulse width modulator;Described commutation logic circuit receives three groups of infrared detection devices 1 and is converted into the pattern on the hard collar 2 Three tunnel positions detect pulse trains and external equipment system input direction control signal;Described pulse width modulator receives outside The speed control signal of device systems input;And the speed control signal sending external equipment system is modulated into pulse width Modulated signal (PWM);Its in six road signals of described pulse width modulating signal (PWM) and described commutation logic circuit output In three tunnels be separately input to three with door, three output signals with door are amplified to be sent to electronic commutator on high-tension side three The control end of switching tube, amplified direct of other three road signals in six road signals of described commutation logic circuit output Deliver to the control end of three switching tubes of electronic commutator low-pressure side.
The electronic commutator that the present embodiment adopts is SPM IRAMX20UP60A three-phase bridge type converter;And this Embodiment is also communicated with overcurrent protection module between electronic commutator and logic control circuit modules, for electronic commutator Overcurrent protection.
Embodiment two
A kind of brshless DC motor reverse control method, step is as follows:
(1) three group of infrared detection device 1 detects the black and white pattern of the hard collar 4 upper cycle repetition and is converted into three tunnel positions Put detection pulse train, and this pulse train is sent to logic control circuit modules;As shown in Figure 5:Three described tunnel positions Detection pulse train Zhong Mei road pulse train is all to repeat in the cycle, three tunnel position detection 120 ° of electric angles of pulse train mutual deviation;? In a cycle pulse train of every road, including one 120 ° electric angle high level sections and one 120 ° electric angle low level sections, also Including two 60 ° of electric angle narrow pulse sequence sections between 120 ° of high level sections and 120 ° of low level sections, described 60 ° Electric angle narrow pulse sequence section is 30 1 ° electric angle high level sequence of spaced arrangement and 30 1 ° electric angle low level sequence;
(2) pulse that the commutation logic circuit in logic control circuit modules sends with reference to three groups of infrared detection devices 1 The direction control signal that sequence and external equipment system send carries out logical operation process and obtains six road commutation control signals, its In three tunnels be used for controlling high-pressure side three switching tube of electronic commutator, in addition three tunnels are used for controlling the low-pressure side of electronic commutator Three switching tubes;
(3) speed control signal that external equipment system sends is modulated through pulse width modulator and is produced pulse width tune Signal processed, pulse width modulating signal carries out logical AND, shape respectively with three road commutation control signals of three switching tubes in high-pressure side Multiplex modulated signal is become to be used for controlling three switching tubes of electronic commutator mesohigh side, three of electronic commutator mesolow side The other three road commutation control signals that switching tube accepts commutation logic circuit output respectively control;By controlling electronic commutator complete Become brshless DC motor commutation control and speed controlling.Wherein, the commutation trigger point of described brshless DC motor commutation control In 60 ° of electric angle narrow pulse sequence sections, 30 ° of electric corner points commutate therebetween, are normal commutation;Less than 30 ° of electric angles Place's commutation, for commutating in advance;Commutate at more than 30 ° of electric angles, be late commutation;Logic control circuit modules are according to commutation electric angle Be advanced or delayed, adjustment brshless DC motor reference rotation speed.
The present invention is independently installed mode, replaces traditional Hall element using high-precision infrared detection device, adopts The hard collar with special black and white printed patterns replaces traditional magnet ring;There is the hard set ring set of special black and white printed patterns It is connected on the non-output shaft end of motor, the black and white pattern on the collar is corresponding with the magnetic pole distribution of rotor, basic according to producing Commutation signal and the commutation requirement that is advanced or delayed of trigger point, the black and white printed patterns on the design collar;Three groups of infrared detection Element is distributed on an annular printed circuit board for 120 ° according to electrical angle, and every group of infrared detection device is by the GaAs being placed in parallel (GaAs) infrarede emitting diode and highly sensitive silicon phototriode two parts composition, and the hanging radial direction in the hard collar At the 5mm of outside;On the hard collar, black and white pattern has a very high morpheme size precision, and the significantly larger than precision that magnetizes of magnet ring is red Outer detecting element is also far above general switching Hall components to magnet ring magnetic to the accuracy of detection of the black and white pattern on the hard collar The induction precision of field;Therefore, more accurately basic commutation control signal can be provided to brshless DC motor using the present invention, And the signal of commutation or late commutation in advance, can significantly improve the control performance of brshless DC motor.
The invention is not limited in any way for above-described embodiment, all is obtained by the way of equivalent or equivalent transformation Technical scheme, all fall within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of brshless DC motor control device for reversing it is characterised in that:Including infrared detection device, the hard collar, logic Control circuit module, electronic commutator;Described infrared detection device is provided with three groups, and described three groups of infrared detection devices setting In the radial outside of the hard collar, according to electrical angle, 120 ° are distributed on one piece of annular printed circuit board, and electric with logic control Road module connection;Described annular printed circuit board is vacantly enclosed within the motor shaft of the non-outfan of brshless DC motor radially above, institute State the hard collar to be socketed on the motor shaft of the non-outfan of brshless DC motor, and be printed on the cycle on the surface of the described hard collar The black and white pattern repeating, and the black and white pattern in each cycle is corresponding with a pair of magnetic pole of rotor;External equipment system with Logic control circuit modules and electronic commutator sequential communication;
The surface of the described hard collar is printed on the black and white pattern groups more than rotor magnetic pole equivalent;Every group of black and white pattern includes One S with corresponding a pair of the magnetic pole of rotor of 120 ° of electric angle all black pattern segments extremely under central area;One with 120 ° The N of corresponding a pair of the magnetic pole of rotor of electric angle whole white pattern segments extremely under central area;In all black pattern segments with entirely All there is a transition pattern section, each transition pattern section corresponds to 60 ° of electric angles, and described transition figure after white pattern segments Case is chequered with black and white striped, and the width of each striped corresponds to 1 ° of electric angle.
2. a kind of brshless DC motor control device for reversing according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described is infrared Detecting element includes being parallel to each other the GaAs infrarede emitting diode of placement and silicon phototriode;And described infrared detection unit Part is vacantly arranged at the radial outside 5mm of the hard collar.
3. a kind of brshless DC motor control device for reversing according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described logic control Circuit module processed includes commutation logic circuit and pulse width modulator;It is defeated that described commutation logic circuit receives three groups of infrared detection devices Pulse train and the direction control signal of external equipment system input are detected in the position going out;Described pulse width modulator receives outside setting Speed control signal that standby system sends simultaneously is modulated into pulse width modulating signal.
4. a kind of brshless DC motor control device for reversing according to claim 3 is it is characterised in that described pulse width Wherein three tunnels in six road signals of degree modulated signal and described commutation logic circuit output be separately input to three with door, three The control end that be sent to electronic commutator on high-tension side three switching tubes amplified with the output signal of door, described commutation logic Amplified be sent directly to electronic commutator low-pressure side three of other three road signals in six road signals of circuit output open Close the control end of pipe.
5. a kind of brshless DC motor control device for reversing according to claim 1 or 4 is it is characterised in that described Electronic commutator is three-phase bridge type converter;Wherein said three-phase bridge type converter is SPM IRAMX20UP60A.
6. a kind of brshless DC motor control device for reversing according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described electronics Also it is communicated with overcurrent protection module between diverter and logic control circuit modules.
7. utilize claim 1 described in a kind of brshless DC motor control device for reversing control method it is characterised in that Step is as follows:
(One)Three groups of infrared detection devices detect black and white pattern that on the hard collars, the cycle repeats and are converted into three tunnel positions detections Pulse train, and this pulse train is sent to logic control circuit modules;
(Two)The pulse train that commutation logic circuit in logic control circuit modules sends with reference to three groups of infrared detection devices The direction control signal sending with external equipment system carries out logical operation process and obtains six road commutation control signals, and wherein three Road is used for controlling high-pressure side three switching tube of electronic commutator, and in addition three tunnels are used for controlling the low-pressure side three of electronic commutator Switching tube;
(Three)The speed control signal that external equipment system sends is modulated through pulse width modulator
Produce pulse width modulating signal, three road commutation control signals of pulse width modulating signal and three switching tubes in high-pressure side Carry out logical AND respectively, form multiplex modulated signal and be used for controlling three switching tubes of electronic commutator mesohigh side, electronics changes The other three road commutation control signals accepting commutation logic circuit output respectively to three switching tubes of device mesolow side control;Logical Cross control electronic commutator and complete brshless DC motor commutation control and speed controlling;
Step(One)Three described tunnel position detection pulse train Zhong Mei road pulse trains are all to repeat in the cycle, three tunnel position inspections Survey 120 ° of electric angles of pulse train mutual deviation;In a cycle pulse train of every road, including one 120 ° electric angle high level sections and One 120 ° electric angle low level sections, also include two between 120 ° of high level sections and 120 ° of low level sections 60 ° of electric angle narrow pulse sequence sections, described 60 ° of electric angle narrow pulse sequence sections are 30 1 ° of electric angle height of spaced arrangement Sequence of levels and 30 1 ° electric angle low level sequence.
8. a kind of brshless DC motor control device for reversing according to claim 7 control method it is characterised in that Step(Three)Described in brshless DC motor commutation control commutation trigger point in 60 ° of electric angle narrow pulse sequence sections, at it Middle 30 ° of electric corner points commutate, and are normal commutation;Commutate at less than 30 ° of electric angles, for commutating in advance;More than 30 ° Commutate at electric angle, be late commutation;Logic control circuit modules are advanced or delayed according to commutation electric angle, adjust brushless dc The reference rotation speed of machine.
CN201510032964.9A 2015-01-22 2015-01-22 Reversing control device and method for brushless direct current motor Active CN104579046B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112154600B (en) * 2019-10-30 2024-03-26 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 Motor control device, equipment, system and control method thereof

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