CN104577680A - Axial cone, optical resonator and laser device - Google Patents
Axial cone, optical resonator and laser device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104577680A CN104577680A CN201310484976.6A CN201310484976A CN104577680A CN 104577680 A CN104577680 A CN 104577680A CN 201310484976 A CN201310484976 A CN 201310484976A CN 104577680 A CN104577680 A CN 104577680A
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Abstract
The invention applies to the technical field of optics, provides an axial cone and relates to a conical crystal axial cone. The axial cone comprises a conical surface and a bottom surface, and an included angle theta between the conical surface and the bottom surface meets the conditions as follows: light transmitted by a center shaft parallel to the axial cone penetrates into the axial cone through the conical surface and can be totally reflected on the bottom surface, and when the light is shot in and out through the conical surface, the reflectivity of parallel components of the light is smaller than or equal to 0.5%. A base angle theta of the axial cone is limited according to the total reflection principle and the optical principle that light travels in media and air, so that incoming light is totally reflected on the bottom surface of the axial cone, meanwhile, the reflection loss of the parallel components on the conical surface of the axial cone is limited to be within 1%, and photons of the parallel components are oscillated and amplified in a cavity to form radial polarization laser. The axial cone is simple in structure, can effectively select the photons of the parallel components so as to form intracavity oscillation, and is suitable for being used for equipment for generating radial polarization light.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical technical field, particularly a kind of axial cone body, optical resonator and laser.
Background technology
Polarization is one of essential characteristic of light, common polarised light has linearly polarized light, elliptically polarized light, circularly polarized light and radial polarisation light, because radial polarisation light has perfect axial symmetry distribution character, it is compared with linearly polarized light, circularly polarized light and elliptically polarized light a lot of significantly different characteristic.As radial polarisation light has the beam arrangement of the annular along the axisymmetric Electric Field Distribution of light and hollow; Radial polarisation light can produce when high numerical lens focuses on the minimum focal spot surmounting diffraction limit, and less than the focal beam spot of linear polarization, circular polarization, elliptical polarization is many, and the longitudinal electric field of focus area become very strong; Radial polarisation light only has horizontal magnetic field and the electric field along axle longitudinal direction; Radial polarisation is eigenstate of polarization only, when propagating in the tangential crystal of C, crosstalk can not occur.In recent years, these characteristics of radial polarisation light obtain a lot of application.As accelerated in guiding and seizure particle, particle, improving in microscopical resolution, Metal Cutting and raising storage density etc., along with people are to the understanding deepened continuously of radial polarised light, it will be applied in increasing field.
First beam diameter is obtained by experiment in 1972 by the Y.Mushiake of Japan to polarised light in the world; Domestic first beam diameter is that the optical component utilizing four pieces of fan-shaped half slides to glue together by the Zhuan Jiejia of Institute of High Energy Physcis, Academia Sinica produces to polarised light.Over nearly 10 years, scientific research personnel finds various effective method one after another to produce radial polarisation light.The production method of radial polarisation light divides two classes, i.e. method and chamber external schema conversion method in chamber.Having of radial polarisation light is produced: the people such as Jianlang Li produce radial polarisation light with dual circular shaft prism in fiber laser by intra-cavitary methodology; The people such as Inon Moshe adopt the mode of the bifocal position of thermic being placed aperture in laser cavity to select the pattern of polarization; The people such as Ram Oron produce radial polarisation light with discontinuous phase element in laser cavity; The people such as A.V.Nesterov place in chamber has axial polarization selectivity sub-wavelength diffraction to produce radial polarisation light.
Above-mentionedly carry out improvement and design in chamber to existing laser and produce a radial polarisation only complicated engineering, for engineers and technicians, more feasible method is that to use certain optics to carry out outward in laser cavity External reforming.The people such as I.J.Cooper, S.Quabis utilize 4 blocks of fan-shaped half-wave plates to form a circular light device to produce approximate radial polarisation light; The people such as G.Machavariani then utilize 8 fast half-wave plates to improve, and produce and are tending towards perfect radial polarisation light; The people such as C.Steve utilize interferometer coherent superposition two to restraint the orthogonal linearly polarized light in polarization direction to produce radial polarisation light; M.Stalder utilizes twisted nematic liquid crystal polarization converter to produce radial polarisation light.The method of above-mentioned generation radial polarisation light is still more complicated, and cost is also higher, and the present invention will provide the scheme of the another kind of generation radial polarisation light effectively easily implemented.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of simple for structure, be easy to manufacture axial cone body, for producing radial polarisation light in laserresonator.
The present invention realizes like this, a kind of axial cone body, for cone shape crystal axis cone, comprise the conical surface and bottom surface, angle theta between the described conical surface and bottom surface meets: the light that the central shaft being parallel to described axial cone body transmits is incident to behind axial cone body inside through the described conical surface, total reflection can be there is in described bottom surface, and meet: light is when the described conical surface is injected and penetrated, and the reflectivity of its parallel component is all less than or equal to 0.5%.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of laserresonator, comprise laser output mirror and described axial cone body, described laser output mirror is parallel with the bottom surface of described axial cone body, and described laser output mirror and described axial cone body form Fabry Perot resonator.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of laser, comprise above-mentioned laserresonator.
The optical principle that the present invention utilizes total reflection principle and light to propagate in medium and air, the base angle θ of axial cone body is limited, make incident light that total reflection occur on the bottom surface of axial cone body and produce transmission loss to avoid parallel component in bottom surface, simultaneously by making light incident and outgoing through the conical surface of axial cone body to the restriction at base angle, the reflection loss of its parallel component is all within 0.5%, and then make incident light often through an axial cone body, the loss of its parallel component is far smaller than the loss of vertical component, and be not more than 1%, cause parallel component photon to vibrate in chamber and amplify formation radial polarisation laser.This axial cone body structure is succinct, and be convenient to manufacture and design, cost is low, can effectively select parallel component photon to vibrate to be formed in chamber, is applicable to this area engineers and technicians and implements, and is suitable for producing in the equipment of radial polarisation light.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the axial cone body that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 2 is the index path of the incident Nd:YAG dielectric surface of light that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 3 is the propagation path schematic diagram of light in axial cone inside and outside that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 4 is the relation curve of the incident incidence angle of axial cone body of the light that provides of the embodiment of the present invention and the incidence angle of incident bottom surface;
Fig. 5 be the light that provides of the embodiment of the present invention incident from axial cone body first conical surface time parallel component and the reflectivity of vertical component and the relation curve of base angle θ;
Fig. 6 be the light that provides of the embodiment of the present invention incident from axial cone body first conical surface time parallel component and the transmissivity of vertical component and the relation curve of base angle θ;
Fig. 7 is light that the embodiment of the present invention provides parallel component and the reflectivity of vertical component and the relation curve of base angle θ when penetrating from axial cone body second conical surface;
Fig. 8 is light that the embodiment of the present invention provides parallel component and the transmissivity of vertical component and the relation curve of base angle θ when penetrating from axial cone body second conical surface;
Fig. 9 is the structural representation () of the laserresonator that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Figure 10 is the structural representation (two) of the laserresonator that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail:
Fig. 1 shows the structural representation of the axial cone body that the embodiment of the present invention provides, Fig. 2 shows the index path of the incident Nd:YAG dielectric surface of light, Fig. 3 shows the propagation path schematic diagram of light in axial cone inside and outside, for convenience of explanation, illustrate only part related to the present embodiment.
The axial cone body that the embodiment of the present invention provides is for carrying out the selection of parallel component to incident light, and then form radial polarisation light, this axial cone body is cone shape crystal axis cone, this crystal can be laser gain crystal, also can be non-gain crystal, comprise the conical surface and bottom surface, the base angle of material to this axial cone body according to axial cone body limits, can select to form radial polarisation light to the parallel component of incident light, below provide a kind of concrete implementation: with reference to figure 1, this axial cone body 1 is formed by yttrium-aluminium-garnet (YAG) crystal or neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) crystal pro cessing, the shape of axial cone body 1 be isosceles triangle with its axis for axle rotate a circle and formed coniform, it comprises bottom surface 11 and the conical surface 12.With further reference to S in Fig. 2, figure
(i)for incident light, S
(r)for reverberation, S
(t)for transmitted light, the material of axial cone body 1 is YAG or Nd:YAG, the refractive index of YAG and Nd:YAG is very close, and all by 1.82, the light drawn according to Fei Nier formula enters YAG or Nd:YAG medium from air, and that refraction and the transmissivity of reflex time and the formula of reflectivity occur is as follows:
R
∥+T
∥=1 （3）
R
⊥+T
⊥=1 （4）
Wherein, T
∥for the transmissivity of parallel component, T
⊥for the transmissivity of vertical component, R
∥for the reflectivity of parallel component, R
⊥for the reflectivity of vertical component, θ
ifor the incidence angle of the incident axial cone surface of light, θ
tfor anaclasis enters the refraction angle of axial cone body.
Please continue to refer to Fig. 3, this figure is with the propagation path of axial cone body 1 one longitudinal section for illustration meaning light.For convenience of explanation, the first half of the conical surface 12 in Fig. 3 is called first conical surface 121, the latter half is called second conical surface 122, axial cone body base angle is θ, described " base angle " is the angle between bottom surface 11 and the conical surface 12, that is the angle between the straight line L perpendicular to the conical surface 12 and bottom surface 11 intersection drawn from the summit O of axial cone body 1 and bottom surface 11.The light of flat output mirror reflection is parallel to first conical surface 121 of the incident axial cone body 1 in axis of axial cone body 1 with θ angle, first reflection and refraction occur first conical surface 121, and refraction angle is θ
1, refraction enters the light of axial cone body with θ
2incident bottom surface 11, second time reflection and refraction occur through bottom surface 11, and refraction angle is θ
3, the light reflecting axial cone body 1 is lost, and at the second conical surface 122 place, third time reflection and refraction are occurred by the light that bottom surface 11 is reflected, refraction angle is θ.Through an axial cone body 1, triple reflection and refraction can be there is in light.The parallel component comprised in refracted ray due to bottom surface 11 is greater than and is even far longer than vertical component, therefore in order to reduce the loss of parallel component at bottom surface 11 place, the present embodiment utilizes total reflection principle, by limiting the base angle θ of axial cone body 1, makes it the condition meeting total reflection.When light is by medium directive air, meet optics formula: n
air× sin θ '=n
nd:YAG× sin θ ' ', wherein, θ ' is for light is by the refraction angle of medium directive air, and θ ' ' is the incidence angle of light dielectric surface, when θ '=90 °, total reflection occurs, n
air=1, n
nd:YAG=1.82, therefore θ ' '=33.3293 °, the critical angle θ of total reflection
c=θ ' '=33.3293 °.The base angle θ of the axial cone body 1 of the present embodiment draws according to following formulae discovery:
sinθ=1.82sinθ
1（5）
θ=θ
1+θ
2（6）
θ
2=θ′′=33.3293° （7）
Draw thus: θ=62.496 °, when light is with incidence angle 62.496 °≤θ≤90 ° incident axial cone body, in bottom surface, total reflection can occurs, avoid parallel component transmission loss.According to above-mentioned formula, Fig. 4 also shows the incidence angle θ of incident axial cone body and the incidence angle θ of incident bottom surface 11
2graph of a relation.Because be only parallel to the axis incidence of axial cone body, and then the base angle of axial cone body 1 is equal with incidence angle θ, base angle θ meets 62.496 °≤θ≤90 °.
Foregoing provide and meet the range of choices that the base angle θ of total reflection occurs light in axial cone body 1, this is one of condition realizing parallel component selection.In addition, all there is reflection and refraction at first conical surface 121 and second conical surface 122 in light, the loss of vertical component and parallel component is included in the reflection loss of first conical surface 121 and second conical surface 122.For forming the optical resonator that parallel component photon can be caused to vibrate, want the photon selecting parallel component in chamber, the loss speed of loss speed much larger than parallel component photon numbers of the photon numbers of vertical component must be made, for the Fabry-Perot resonant cavity that plane mirror and flat output mirror form, according to the use experience of theory of laser and industrial lasers resonant cavity, the reflectivity of its laser cavity internal reflector is necessary >=and 99%.The axial cone body 1 of the present embodiment act as the effect of speculum in optical resonator, namely axial cone body 1 wants >=99% for the reflectivity of the photon of parallel component, can under there is the prerequisite of total reflection in the bottom surface 11 of axial cone body 1 at the photon of parallel component, its loss mainly occurs on the conical surface of axial cone body, the loss of photon on the conical surface of axial cone body of parallel component be necessary≤and 1%, namely parallel component is at total reflectivity≤1% at first conical surface 121 and the second conical surface 122 place.Further, in the axis of axial cone body 1 incidence axial cone body 1, there is reflection and the refraction of light by air parallel in light, due to the axially symmetric structure of axial cone body 1, light can be parallel to incident direction injection at the second conical surface 122 place at the first conical surface 121 place.Light incides air to axial cone body 1 and light from axial cone body 1 from air incidence, its incidence angle and refraction angle reciprocity, formula (1), (2) are deferred to equally at the reflectivity at first conical surface 121 and the second conical surface 122 place, according to above-mentioned formula (1), (2), be identical when the reflectivity of parallel component is in incident first conical surface 121 of parallel light and light from the second conical surface 122 parallel injection, therefore loss is identical.So, parallel component first conical surface 121 and second conical surface 122 reflectivity all≤0.5%.
Further, reflectivity, the transmissivity of bottom surface 11, the incidence angle θ of incident bottom surface 11 of bright dipping at first conical surface 121, second conical surface 122 can be calculated in conjunction with the optics formula in the present embodiment
2, cirtical angle of total reflection θ
cand the relation of axial cone body base angle θ, table 1 shows above-mentioned calculated data, and wherein, Fig. 5,6,7,8 also respectively illustrates the reflectivity of axial cone body first conical surface and the second conical surface place parallel component and vertical component and the relation of transmissivity and base angle θ, sees table:
Visible by upper table, when θ≤65.61 °, base angle of axial cone body, parallel component is at reflection loss≤0.5% of first conical surface 121, condition in conjunction with above-mentioned total reflection: 62.496 °≤θ≤90 °, show that the base angle θ of this axial cone body meets: 62.496 °≤θ≤65.61 °, there is the tolerance of 2 ' in the higher limit of this scope and lower limit, and namely 62.496 ° ± 2 '≤θ≤65.61 ° ± 2 '.Its maximum magnitude is 62.496 °-2 '≤θ≤65.61 °+2 ', minimum zone is 62.496 °+2 '≤θ≤65.61 °-2 ' and, preferable range is 62.496 °≤θ≤65.61 °.
After the base angle θ of axial cone body 1 is carried out above-mentioned restriction, visible according to table 1, when θ=62.496 °, base angle, the reflectivity R of vertical component
1.⊥=0.3022, the reflectivity R of parallel component
1.∥=3.6*10
-4, vertical component is 839 with the ratio of the proportion of goods damageds of parallel component, when θ=65.61 °, base angle, and the reflectivity R of vertical component
1.⊥=0.3419, the reflectivity R of parallel component
1.∥=5*10
-3, the ratio of the proportion of goods damageds is 68, and therefore, the loss of vertical component, much larger than the loss of parallel component, is very easily selected the photon of parallel component and in resonant cavity, causes photon to vibrate, and then produces radial polarisation laser.
The embodiment of the present invention is by being defined as 62.496 ° ± 2 '≤θ≤65.61 ° ± 2 ' by the base angle θ of YAG or Nd:YAG axial cone body 1, make incident light that total reflection occur on bottom surface 11 and produce transmission loss to avoid parallel component in bottom surface 11, limit the reflection loss of parallel component on the conical surface 12 of axial cone body 1 simultaneously, make incident light often through an axial cone body 1, loss≤1% of its parallel component, vibrating to amplify in chamber to cause parallel component photon forms radial polarisation laser.This axial cone body 1 is simple for structure, and be convenient to manufacture and design, cost is low, can effectively select parallel component photon to vibrate to be formed in chamber, and very applicable this area engineers and technicians implement, and is suitable for producing in the equipment of radial polarisation light.
Be appreciated that this axial cone body can also adopt the crystal of other materials, as mixed the YAG crystal of Yb, calculate in chamber that its base angle scope can realize parallel component according to above-mentioned design principle and vibrate, concrete computational process the present embodiment repeats no more.
The present invention further provides a kind of laserresonator, it comprises laser output mirror 2 and above-mentioned axial cone body 1, and laser output mirror 2 is parallel with the bottom surface of axial cone body 1, and this axial cone body 1 forms Fabry Perot resonator with laser output mirror 2.Laser output mirror 2 can be level crossing.As Fig. 9, when the material of axial cone body 1 is non-gain crystal (as YAG crystal), between axial cone body 1 and laser output mirror 2, be also provided with gain media 3(as Nd:YAG gain media), and in the profile pump of gain media 3.
As Figure 10, when the material of axial cone body 1 is gain crystal (as Nd:YAG crystal), can not establish gain media 3 between axial cone body 1 and laser output mirror 2, axial cone body 1 is own as speculum and gain media, now in the end pumping of axial cone body 1.Certainly, also gain media 3 can be set between axial cone body 1 and laser output mirror 2, now simultaneously in the end pumping of the side of gain media 3 and axial cone body 1.
Above-mentioned laserresonator carries out the selection of parallel component by axial cone body and amplifies with outputting radial polarization laser by oscillate, and novelty simple for structure, cost is low, and exploitativeness is good.Be appreciated that the laser comprising this laserresonator is also in protection scope of the present invention.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. an axial cone body, it is characterized in that, for cone shape crystal axis cone, comprise the conical surface and bottom surface, angle theta between the described conical surface and bottom surface meets: the light that the central shaft being parallel to described axial cone body transmits is incident to behind axial cone body inside through the described conical surface, total reflection can be there is in described bottom surface, and meet: light is when the described conical surface is injected and penetrated, and the reflectivity of its parallel component is all less than or equal to 0.5%.
2. axial cone body as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described crystal axis cone is YAG or Nd:YAG axial cone body, and the angle theta between the described conical surface and bottom surface is: 62.496 °-2 '≤θ≤65.61 °+2 '.
3. axial cone body as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the angle theta between the described conical surface and bottom surface is: 62.496 °≤θ≤65.61 °.
4. axial cone body as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the angle theta between the described conical surface and bottom surface is: 62.496 °-2 '≤θ≤65.61 °-2 '.
5. axial cone body as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the angle theta between the described conical surface and bottom surface is: 62.496 °+2 '≤θ≤65.61 °+2 '.
6. axial cone body as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the angle theta between the described conical surface and bottom surface is: 62.496 °+2 '≤θ≤65.61 °-2 '.
7. a laserresonator, it is characterized in that, comprise laser output mirror and the axial cone body described in any one of claim 1 to 6, described laser output mirror is parallel with the bottom surface of described axial cone body, and described laser output mirror and described axial cone body form Fabry Perot resonator.
8. laserresonator as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, when described axial cone body is non-gain crystal axis cone, described laserresonator also comprises the gain media be located between described axial cone body and described laser output mirror.
9. a laser, is characterized in that, comprises the laserresonator described in claim 7 or 8.
10. laser as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that, when the axial cone body in described laserresonator is non-gain crystal axis cone, be provided with pumping source in the side of described gain media; When the axial cone body in described laserresonator is gain crystal axis cone, be provided with pumping source in the place of bottom center of described axial cone body.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105785064A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-07-20 | 西安工业大学 | Device and method for measuring speed of projectile shot in any direction |
| CN114336241A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 云南大学 | Tunable hollow laser based on electro-optic crystal axial cone |
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| CN105785064A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-07-20 | 西安工业大学 | Device and method for measuring speed of projectile shot in any direction |
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| CN114336241A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 云南大学 | Tunable hollow laser based on electro-optic crystal axial cone |
| CN114336241B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2024-01-05 | 云南大学 | Tunable hollow laser based on electro-optic crystal axicon |
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| CN104577680B (en) | 2018-10-12 |
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