CN104574506B - Camphor tree crown three-dimensional visualized simple modeling and camphor tree crown three-dimensional visualized model evaluation method - Google Patents
Camphor tree crown three-dimensional visualized simple modeling and camphor tree crown three-dimensional visualized model evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104574506B CN104574506B CN201510013591.0A CN201510013591A CN104574506B CN 104574506 B CN104574506 B CN 104574506B CN 201510013591 A CN201510013591 A CN 201510013591A CN 104574506 B CN104574506 B CN 104574506B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2200/00—Indexing scheme for image data processing or generation, in general
- G06T2200/08—Indexing scheme for image data processing or generation, in general involving all processing steps from image acquisition to 3D model generation
Abstract
The invention provides a camphor tree crown three-dimensional visualized simple modeling and camphor tree crown three-dimensional visualized model evaluation method. The method comprises the steps that a roadside camphor tree (1) with a regularly-growing crown is selected, a marker post (5) with alternate red scales and white scales is placed in front of the camphor tree for relative positioning, a digital photo of the crown where the maker point is placed is shot with a common digital camera and imported into SketchUp software and amplified according to the scales of the marker post in the software in proportion of 1:1, and modeling is gradually conducted from one-dimensional point data to two-dimensional lines and surfaces to the three-dimensional crown through a series of tools such as a measuring tool, a straight line tool, a curved line tool, a rotating tool and an assembling tool of the SketchUp software; modeling evaluation is conducted according to measured data of the camphor tree after modeling is conducted. By means of the method, simple three-dimensional visualized modeling is conducted on the crown of the camphor tree, the level of three-dimensional simulation visualization and informationalization of the crown of the camphor tree is remarkably improved, progress of virtualization and digitalization of the crown is accelerated, the technical problems existing in visualization and measuring digitalization of the crown of the camphor tree are solved, the modeling difficulty and cost are reduced, and model parameters are evaluated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Lignum cinnamomi camphorae tree crown three-dimensional visualization simply modeling and its model evaluation method, belong to visual modeling
Meter is surveyed with trees learn technical field.
Background technology
Lignum cinnamomi camphorae (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl.) is one of southern china seeds distributed more widely.Its tree
The features such as being preced with wide avette, wide exhibition and be thick with leaves.Collect the multipurpose ecological economy seeds such as ecological, medicinal and timber-used.Tree crown is woods
Wooden important component part, is the correlational study important indicator such as photosynthesis assimilation, ecological benefits and Fruit variety.Three-dimensional plant canopy model tool
Visualization, information-based, digitized and visualization, for related application from now on a kind of more abundant information is provided.
Past Three-dimension Tree modeling is more to be modeled with complicated calculating or point cloud three-dimensional data.But above-mentioned all methods have lower Lieque
Point and deficiency：（1）Cloud data Accurate Model difficulty is larger, and relatively costly, and modeling speed is slower；（2）Complicated calculations are three-dimensional
Coordinates modeling is also larger with respect to computing and difficulty, and model is form figure iconic model, does not have threedimensional model parameter；（3）Relatively
Complicated calculating and three-dimensional coordinate big data is gathered, and master by non-professional persons is more difficult；（4）How quickly and easily to set up and more advise
Then tree crown threedimensional model, reduces difficulty and cost, and obtains tree crown three-dimensional visualization model and model parameter, is to carry out correlation to grind
Study carefully and assess a kind of method of offer.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is that, according to the defect that existing past Three-dimension Tree modeling is present, the present invention provides a kind of Camphor tree
Tree tree crown three-dimensional visualization simply modeling and its model evaluation method.
Realization the technical scheme is that one plant of tree crown of selection develops more regular shade tree Lignum cinnamomi camphorae, and in the Camphor tree
The mark post of a scale red and white is placed before tree as relative localization, one is shot to the tree crown for placing mark post with ordinary digital camera
Digital photograph is opened, the digital photograph SketchUp softwares is imported into, in software by mark post scale 1：1 amplifies, and is by one
The instruments such as row SketchUp softwares are determined, straight line and curve, rotation, component, from one-dimensional point data to two-dimensional line face again to three-dimensional
Tree crown is progressively modeled.And three-dimensional Crown surface area and volume parameter data are automatically obtained with software primitive information, finally compare mould
Shape parameter.
The relative localization is exactly that scale mark post placement red and white is mutually proper with tree crown can not block mark post scale.
Tree crown number SketchUp modelings are as follows：
Digital photograph is imported in SketchUp softwares, and by mark post scale 1：1 method amplifies the tree crown digital photograph；With
Software straight line tool draws out tree crown crown height, is segmented the branch 8 of tree crown crown height straight line 9 with software automatic linear midpoint identification facility
Crown height control point, draws out successively 9 branches 8 and is segmented each contour point crown width width straight line, i.e., by institute using straight line tool
State and draw out tree crown horizontal alignment sketch.
The crown heights such as each tree crown point hat width width data can be automatically obtained by software primitive information, by simple mathematics meter
1/2 hat width width data is calculated, that is, is obtained another crown width of modeling tree crown and is controlled point data；By Software on Drawing tree crown crown height
Straight line, and it is accurately obtained crown height straight line in software metrics hurdle input crown height data；Using software splitting tool by crown height straight line from
Dynamic 8 deciles are that 9 branches 8 are segmented, then in crown height rectilinear point from top to bottom successively in 1/2 hat width width data of software metrics hurdle input
It is accurately obtained half hat width straight line；Finally hat width point is connected from top to bottom using the curve of software Curve Tool three points, that is, draw and treat
Scheme at the beginning of the two-dimentional 1/2 half hat width Plane Rotations of rotation, then hat width straight line in just figure is wiped out with software erasing instrument, finally treated
The two-dimentional 1/2 half hat width Plane Rotation figures envelope figure of rotation.
Again to seal the circle that figure bottom hat width is vertical with envelope figure as radius drafting one and intersects, instrument is followed to select using path
Middle envelope figure makes it around round one week, that is, obtain 3 D stereo visualization plant canopy model, then automatically obtains model with primitive information instrument
Surface area parameters data；Model is constituted by a component element using assembly tool, then mould is automatically obtained with primitive information instrument
Type volume parameter data.
Actual measurement Lignum cinnamomi camphorae tree crown crown height and thing and north and south hat width data.Determine according to practical situation segmentation, and by hat width crown type
Tree crown geometry body surface area and volume are calculated with hat width average by the law of geometry formula.Equation computational chart area and volume data
Compare with 3 D stereo visualization tree crown model parameter, assessment models reliability and feasibility.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, the inventive method is simply modeled to Lignum cinnamomi camphorae tree crown three-dimensional visualization, is significantly improved
Its tree crown three-dimensional visual simulation and the level of IT application, accelerate tree crown virtualization and digitized process, solve Lignum cinnamomi camphorae tree crown
Visualization and the digitized technical barrier of survey meter, reduce modeling difficulty and cost, have evaluated model parameter.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 simply models schematic diagram for Lignum cinnamomi camphorae tree crown three-dimensional visualization of the present invention；
In figure, 1 is tree crown number 1:1 amplifies and the more regular Lignum cinnamomi camphorae of tree crown；2 is that tree crown is segmented and often by contour 9 branch 8
The hat width width of section tree crown crown height 1/2；3 is that hat width curve constitutes 1/2 curved surface tree crown rotary seal figure；4 is Lignum cinnamomi camphorae tree crown SketchUp
Four partial 3-D Visual Graphs；5 is scale mark post red and white.
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is as shown in Figure 1.
The shade tree Lignum cinnamomi camphorae of more regular symmetric that the embodiment of the present invention selects that one plant of surrounding is unobstructed and tree crown physically well develops.
Individual plant height of tree 5m, surveys 3.3 meters of height of tree crown.As shown in Lignum cinnamomi camphorae 1 in Fig. 1.
Select high scale mark post red and white 5, mark post positioning will be with scale mark post red and white placement just and tree crown
It is tangent but do not keep off mark post scale, and fixed pole 5.
Take pictures the good weather of fine light, ordinary digital camera tree crown is selected.And have tree crown certain distance, and make tree crown
Centre obtains one digital photograph of tree crown in photograph visual field central authorities.
Actual measurement tree crown data obtain equation calculating parameter, and with ribbon, by tree crown, necessarily segmentation measures respectively height of tree crown
It is that equation calculating obtains data with north and south and thing hat width.
Table 1 is respectively segmented growth measurement data and solid parameter for tree crown.
As shown in Figure 1, Sketchup software design patterns precision (0.000cm), number imports Sketchup softwares and presses mark post
Highly by digital photograph 1：1 amplifies in software.
Digital photograph adopts the instruments such as software measurement after amplifying, can determine and automatically obtain height of tree crown and hat width data, will
Tree crown obtains corresponding crown height and the data of hat width 1/2 by the segmentation of contour 9 branch 8, as shown in Fig. 12.
Obtain respectively and set up 2 d plane picture height of tree crown and hat width width control system point point data, 3 points of software Curve Tool
One curve obtains two-dimentional 1/2 half hat width Plane Rotations envelope figure, as shown in Fig. 13.
Finally adopt SketchUp throw Plane of rotation figures, i.e. the partial 3-D 3D of gained visualization Lignum cinnamomi camphorae tree crown four
Figure, as shown in Fig. 14.
Plant canopy model evaluation is the Camphor tree calculated automatically using tool software such as Sketchup component softwares and primitive informations
Tree tree crown each several part visualization of 3 d model Crown surface area and volume parameter：
The surface area S of tree crown 4141For 35929.941cm2, volume V41For 614374.922cm3；
The surface area S of tree crown 4242For 68765.825cm2, volume V42For 3387540.429cm3；
The surface area S of tree crown 4343For 71863.932cm2, volume V43For 4755032.433cm3；
The surface area S of tree crown 4444For 64585.156cm2, volume V44For 3360619.362cm3；
Thus, total surface area S of visualization of 3 d model tree crown tree crownAlwaysFor 241144.85cm2；Cumulative volume VAlwaysFor
12117567cm3。
Assessment models：
As shown in Figure 1, the method for fractionation Lignum cinnamomi camphorae tree crown visualization of 3 d 3D models of 9 branch 4, its surface area and volume are respectively about
24.1m2And 12.1m3。
And calculate after being surveyed by the law of geometry formula of table 1, volume（12.2m3）, model volume and the law of geometry formula volume of table 1
Deviation is less, about -0.1m3For -8 ‰.With the law of geometry formula surface area of table 1（23.9 m2）Deviation is also less, about 0.2 m2For
8‰ .The method model accuracy is of a relatively high, for the Lignum cinnamomi camphorae of plant canopy model and model parameter more regular symmetric is reliable and can
Capable.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of Lignum cinnamomi camphorae tree crown three-dimensional visualization is simply modeled and its model evaluation method, it is characterised in that methods described is selected
The more regular shade tree Lignum cinnamomi camphorae of one plant of tree crown development, and the mark post of a scale red and white is placed before the Lignum cinnamomi camphorae as relative
Positioning, a digital photograph is shot with ordinary digital camera to the tree crown for placing mark post, and the digital photograph is imported
SketchUp softwares, in software by mark post scale 1：1 amplifies, by a series of SketchUp softwares measure, software straight line work
Tool, software splitting tool, software Curve Tool, software erasing instrument, path follow instrument, primitive information instrument, assembly tool,
Progressively model to three-dimensional tree crown again to two-dimensional line face from one-dimensional point data；It is modeled evaluation after modeling again；
The modeling procedure is：
(1) digital photograph is imported in SketchUp softwares, and by mark post scale 1：1 method amplifies the tree crown digital photograph；With
Software straight line tool draws out tree crown crown height, is segmented the branch 8 of tree crown crown height straight line 9 with software automatic linear midpoint identification facility
Crown height control point, draws out successively 9 branches 8 and is segmented each contour point crown width width straight line using straight line tool, you can draw
Go out tree crown horizontal alignment sketch；
(2) crown heights such as each tree crown point hat width width data can be automatically obtained by software primitive information, by simple mathematics meter
1/2 hat width width data is calculated, that is, is obtained another crown width of modeling tree crown and is controlled point data；By Software on Drawing tree crown crown height
Straight line, and it is accurately obtained crown height straight line in software metrics hurdle input crown height data；Using software splitting tool by crown height straight line from
Dynamic 8 deciles are that 9 branches 8 are segmented, then in crown height rectilinear point from top to bottom successively in 1/2 hat width width data of software metrics hurdle input
It is accurately obtained half hat width straight line；Finally hat width point is connected from top to bottom using the curve of software Curve Tool three points, that is, draw and treat
Scheme at the beginning of the two-dimentional 1/2 half hat width Plane Rotations of rotation, the hat width straight line in just figure is wiped out with software erasing instrument is finally treated
The two-dimentional 1/2 half hat width Plane Rotation figures envelope figure of rotation；
(3) instrument is followed to select using path to seal the circle that figure bottom hat width is vertical with envelope figure as radius drafting one and intersects again
Middle envelope figure makes it around round one week, that is, obtain 3 D stereo visualization plant canopy model, then automatically obtains model with primitive information instrument
Surface area parameters data；Model is constituted by a component element using assembly tool, then mould is automatically obtained with primitive information instrument
Type volume parameter data.
2. a kind of Lignum cinnamomi camphorae tree crown three-dimensional visualization according to claim 1 is simply modeled and its model evaluation method, and it is special
Levy and be, the method that the modeling is evaluated is to survey Lignum cinnamomi camphorae tree crown crown height and thing and north and south hat width data；According to practical situation point
Section is determined, and calculates tree crown geometry body surface area and volume by the law of geometry formula by hat width crown type and hat width average；By formula
Method computational chart area and volume data compare with 3 D stereo visualization tree crown model parameter, assessment models reliability and feasible
Property.
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Citations (3)
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| CN101021409A (en) * | 2006-11-22 | 2007-08-22 | 北京林业大学 | Close-range ordinery digital camera tree metering method |
| CN101847267A (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2010-09-29 | 中国科学院自动化研究所 | Tree modeling method based on depth search |
| CN102306386A (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2012-01-04 | 杭州实时数码科技有限公司 | Method for quickly constructing third dimension tree model from single tree image |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101021409A (en) * | 2006-11-22 | 2007-08-22 | 北京林业大学 | Close-range ordinery digital camera tree metering method |
| CN101847267A (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2010-09-29 | 中国科学院自动化研究所 | Tree modeling method based on depth search |
| CN102306386A (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2012-01-04 | 杭州实时数码科技有限公司 | Method for quickly constructing third dimension tree model from single tree image |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 3D tree modelling using mobile laser scanning data;Arun Kumar Pratihast;《Thesis for the degree of Master of the International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation》;20100228;全文 * |
| 基于SketchUp的亚美马褂木树干模拟及材积估算;李彦强 等;《林业科技开发》;20140925;第28卷(第5期);摘要，第109-110页第1.2节 * |
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