CN104573363A - Spatial valuing method of design air speed of overhead transmission line of coastal region - Google Patents
Spatial valuing method of design air speed of overhead transmission line of coastal region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a spatial valuing method of design air speed of an overhead transmission line of a coastal region. The method comprises the steps of 1) collecting, reviewing and correcting materials; 2) analyzing tropical cyclone characteristics of the coastal region; 3) calculating the theoretic long-term air speed through meteorological observatory; 4) performing supplementing calculation through an automatic meteorological observatory; 5) performing spatial interpolation and optimizing of the designed air speed. According to the method, the data of an ocean station and the automatic meteorological observatory are fully utilized, the data of the ocean station are introduced to clearly reflect the trend of the air speed changing from the coastal region to the inland; the data of the automatic meteorological observatory are introduced to provide more design air speed spatial interpolation points, and therefore the representation of the basic meteorological data of the transmission line project can be improved; in addition, the reasonability and stability of the spatial distribution of the design air speed can be ensured by the optimal space interpolation method. The spatial valuing method of design air speed of the overhead transmission line of the coastal region is accurate in air speed calculation result.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of work transmission line design and reconstruction, be specifically related to the space obtaining value method of a kind of coastland overhead transmission line design wind speed.
Background technology
China southeastern coastal areas are positioned on the main activities path of tropical cyclone of northwestern Pacific Ocean and Tropical Cyclone Frequencies Over The South China Sea, serious by tropical cyclone invasion and attack, coastland transmission line of electricity prevent and reduce natural disasters that the situation is tense.
Design wind speed is the key parameter of overhead transmission line design, and design wind speed value is directly connected to the economy of line project, security and applicability.Near current overhead transmission line design wind speed Main Basis line corridor, Wind Data, " loading code for design of building structures " GB50009-2012 and considering with the built line design wind speed in region of the long-range meteorological station determines.
Because long-range meteorological Station distribution is comparatively sparse, its observation field multidigit is in frontier district, suburbs or the suburbs, along with urbanization process is accelerated, survey wind environment general degradation, can not objectively respond line project the wind speed spatial distribution rule of the different regions such as the open ground, field of process, mountain ridge windward slope and strand strong wind area." loading code for design of building structures " GB50009-2012 research range is throughout the whole nation, and each city, the whole nation in annex E fundamental wind pressure value table and national fundamental wind pressure distribution plan only give space scale 10
2the wind speed variation tendency of kilometers, limited spatial resolution, cannot describe coastland space scale 10 during practical application with becoming more meticulous
1~ 10
2the topography and geomorphology of kilometers affects wind field.Therefore the value of coastland overhead transmission line design wind speed faces the problems such as the deficient and representativeness of basic data is limited.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose the space obtaining value method of a kind of wind speed result of calculation coastland overhead transmission line design wind speed more accurately.The present invention is by the statistics coastland Tropical Cyclone Landing frequency and strength characteristic, supplement and compile the automatic weather station and oceanographic station Wind Data that coastland extensively distributes, launch and long-range meteorological station air speed data correlation analysis, solve the representative not enough problem of the design wind speed space distribution caused because long-range meteorological Station distribution is sparse.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the space obtaining value method of coastland of the present invention overhead transmission line design wind speed, includes following steps:
1) Data acquisition, examination and correction;
2) coastland Characteristics of Tropical Cyclones is analyzed;
3) the theoretical wind speed of the long-range meteorological station calculates;
4) automatic weather station supplement calculation;
5) design wind speed space interpolation and optimization.
The method that the present invention proposes fully have employed oceanographic station and Data of Automatic Weather, and compared with traditional method, wind speed result of calculation of the present invention is more accurate.Main manifestations is:
1, the present invention introduces oceanographic station data and more clearly reflects that wind speed is by the trend changed upcountry along seashore;
2, the present invention introduces Data of Automatic Weather and provides more design wind speed space interpolation point, strengthens work transmission line basis meteorological data representative;
3, preferable space interpolation method of the present invention ensures rationality and the stability of design wind speed space distribution.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the total schematic diagram of design wind speed value;
Fig. 2 ~ Fig. 6 is respectively Data acquisition, examination and correction, and coastland Characteristics of Tropical Cyclones is analyzed, and the theoretical wind speed of the long-range meteorological station calculates, automatic weather station supplement calculation, design wind speed space interpolation and Optimizing Flow figure.
Embodiment
The space obtaining value method of coastland of the present invention overhead transmission line design wind speed, includes following steps:
1) Data acquisition, examination and correction;
2) coastland Characteristics of Tropical Cyclones is analyzed;
3) the theoretical wind speed of the long-range meteorological station calculates;
4) automatic weather station supplement calculation;
5) design wind speed space interpolation and optimization.
In the present embodiment, above-mentioned steps 1) Data acquisition, comprises following content:
Over the years " tropical cyclone yearbook ", national weather station Historic Evolution and maximum 10 minutes over the years mean wind speed observation datas, oceanographic station Historic Evolution and maximum 10 minutes over the years mean wind speed observation datas, region automatic weather station 10 minutes mean wind speed observation datas, different electric pressure built line project shaft tower coordinate, design wind speed, disaster caused by a windstorm accident and Fundamental Geographic Information Data.
In the present embodiment, above-mentioned steps 1) data review comprises following content: meteorological station is representative, observational data consistance and the examination of data record reliability;
The representative criterion of meteorological station is as follows:
11) national weather station and oceanographic station have more than 30 years survey wind data;
12) the Wind Data sequence of automatic Weather Station is no less than 2 years, and the percentage of head rice of mean wind speed, maximum wind velocity and extreme wind speed data sequences is greater than 95%;
13) website surrounding terrain flatness is better;
14) the open spaciousness of surrounding, neighbouring barrier is not more than 5 ° to the maximum angle of blocking surveying wind.
Observational data consistency criterion:
21) time is interrupted according to moving station and changing the information determination data such as instrument in Meteorological Station History;
22) before interruption year, the wind series of (not comprising this year) is subsequence 1, and sequence is thereafter subsequence 2.If subsequence 1 is x
1, x
2...., x
n1, subsequence 2 is y
1, y
2...., y
n2, the mean value of subsequence 1 and 2 is respectively
with
total data mean value is
so
Total data pair
sum of square of deviations be:
In above formula right-hand member bracket, quadratic sum reflects each group of data interconnects difference degree, and be called sum of square of deviations in group, above formula right-hand member the 2nd difference degree reflected between two groups of data, is called sum of square of deviations between group;
23) judge that whether group difference is remarkable, utilize the F method of inspection to carry out significance test:
Data record reliability criterion:
Pass through with the examination & verification of local meteorological department, enter meteorological system database and report the data of China Meteorological Administration to be as the criterion; Wind Data significantly bigger than normal or less than normal is analyzed, whether reliable by comparative analysis between weather system process analysis procedure analysis, the station, different meteorological element correlation analysis pending trial given data record.
In the present embodiment, above-mentioned steps 1) in data correction comprise wind speed height correct and time time convert:
Wind speed height is corrected and is adopted power exponent formula:
In formula, V is calibrated altitude wind speed, and Z is the anemoscope height recorded in Meteorological Station History, V
0for anemoscope observation wind speed, α is spacious flat country terrain rough factor, gets 0.15 by " loading code for design of building structures " (GB50009-2012);
Convert during wind speed time and adopt linear regression model (LRM):
V
10min=aV
2min+b
31) from having wind speed from the station of note, choosing Nian Ziji 10 minutes average maximum wind velocity values respectively, and being converted to calibrated altitude, obtaining V
10minsequences y
1, y
2...., y
n;
32) from the identical time of respective station, choose timing 2 minutes average maximum wind velocity values, and be converted to calibrated altitude, obtain and y
1, y
2...., y
ncorresponding V
2minsequence x
1, x
2...., x
n;
33) constant a, b is asked according to least square method.
In the present embodiment, above-mentioned steps 2) coastland Characteristics of Tropical Cyclones analysis be the Landing Tropical Cyclone that records with " tropical cyclone yearbook " over the years for sample, analyze the year border and moon border change, space distribution and strength grading feature logging in the frequency;
Year border and intermonthly changes comprise the history Landing Tropical Cyclone sum in provincial administrative line, maximum value and minimal value and occur the time, Landing Tropical Cyclone is change curve year by year, log in frequency disribution form month by month, the whole year the earliest Landing Tropical Cyclone and the whole year statistical value such as Landing Tropical Cyclone date the latest;
Spatial distribution characteristic comprise in coastal prefecture-level city administrative line Landing Tropical Cyclone sum and ratio;
According to " tropical cyclone grade " GB/T19201-2006, classification is carried out to tropical cyclone intensity when logging in, statistics different brackets tropical cyclone sum and ratio.
In the present embodiment, above-mentioned steps 3) the theoretical wind gage of the long-range meteorological station at last with revised national weather station, oceanographic station year by year liftoff 10 meters of height 10 minutes average maximum wind velocities for sample, adopt the fitting effect better line style calculating reoccurrence period in extreme value type I and Pearson I II type probability distribution to be the theoretical wind speed of 30 years and 50 years.
In the present embodiment, above-mentioned steps 4) automatic weather station supplement calculation method is as follows:
Select the national weather station best with automatic weather station strong wind sample correlation coefficient as reference station, utilize ratioing technigue to calculate the prolongation coefficient k of each automatic weather station, calculating formula is as follows:
X in formula
ifor automatic Weather Station series, y
ifor reference station series, n is total sample number.Utilize and extend coefficient k correction, obtain and study and compare weather station all the year round for wind series A
icorresponding sequence B
i, then adopt the better line style of fitting effect in extreme value type I and Pearson I II type probability distribution to calculate the theoretical wind speed that the reoccurrence period is 30 years and 50 years.
In the present embodiment, above-mentioned steps 5) design wind speed space interpolation and optimization method as follows:
The theoretical wind speed space interpolation of national weather station, oceanographic station and automatic weather station adopts inverse distance weighted interpolation method, Cressman method of interpolation, Interpolation Property of Radial Basis Function method, Kriging method of interpolation to carry out space interpolation calculating, and recording interpolation error; Cross validation adopts ten foldings checkings, is divided into 10 groups to calculate at random by sample set, each utilize wherein 9 groups carry out space interpolation, remain 1 group and be used as checking, analyze 10 space interpolation result of calculations, select interpolation error minimum packets method.
Select the above Tropical Cyclone Landing high frequency region of typhoon and the key sections that wire breaking and tower falling accident occurred, utilize built Pre-Engineering Design of Long Distance Wind Data to check theoretical wind speed interpolation result; By adjustment space interpolation parameter (as search radius, semivariable function, range etc.), theoretical wind speed spatial distribution is optimized.
Coastland of the present invention is limited to apart from the kilometer range of shore line about 100.Namely the present invention collects national weather station, oceanographic station and automatic weather station Wind observation data and Historic Evolution in the kilometer range of coastland 100.Through weather station representativeness, observational data consistance and study and compare weather station and the automatic weather station of data record reliability examination screening for calculating.Utilize highly correct and time time convert study and compare weather station and automatic weather station source book revised.Intensity when the Tropical Cyclone Landing place that extracts " tropical cyclone yearbook " over the years logs in selected scope, login.Collect more than 110kV built line project shaft tower coordinate, design wind speed value, disaster caused by a windstorm accident data in selected scope.
According to Administrative Division for Prefec-ture-level Cities statistics Landing Tropical Cyclone frequency and intensity in selected scope.Draw the space distribution schematic diagram of all grade Tropical Cyclone Landing frequencies and the above Tropical Cyclone Landing frequency of typhoon grade.
Utilize extreme value type I and Pearson I II type probability distribution to the national weather station through revising and oceanographic station year by year liftoff 10 meters high 10 minutes average maximum wind velocity sequences carry out matching.The line style calculating reproduction of getting fitting effect more excellent is 30 years and 50 years theoretical air speed value.Calculate the prolongation coefficient of each automatic weather station, and to calculate the reoccurrence period be 30 years and 50 years theoretical air speed value.
National weather station, oceanographic station and automatic weather station are carried out to the packet of ten folding cross validations.Inverse distance weighted interpolation method, Cressman method of interpolation, Interpolation Property of Radial Basis Function method, Kriging method of interpolation is utilized to carry out space interpolation calculating respectively, and recording interpolation error.Optimum and the rational spatial interpolation methods of space distribution form of selected interpolation error is that 30 years and 50 years Theoretical Design wind speed carry out space interpolation to the meteorological station reoccurrence period.According to Tropical Cyclone Landing frequency spatial distribution map and built circuit disaster caused by a windstorm accident data, select typhoon above Tropical Cyclone Landing high frequency region to carry out theoretical wind speed with the key sections that wire breaking and tower falling accident occurred and check.According to checking result, theoretical wind speed spatial distribution figure being optimized, forming the design wind speed space distribution schematic diagram being applicable to coastal overhead transmission line engineering.
Claims (8)
1. a space obtaining value method for coastland overhead transmission line design wind speed, is characterized in that including following steps:
1) Data acquisition, examination and correction;
2) coastland Characteristics of Tropical Cyclones is analyzed;
3) the theoretical wind speed of the long-range meteorological station calculates;
4) automatic weather station supplement calculation;
5) design wind speed space interpolation and optimization.
2. the space obtaining value method of coastland according to claim 1 overhead transmission line design wind speed, is characterized in that above-mentioned steps 1) Data acquisition, comprises following content:
Data acquisition, comprises over the years " tropical cyclone yearbook ", national weather station Historic Evolution and maximum 10 minutes over the years mean wind speed observation datas, oceanographic station Historic Evolution and maximum 10 minutes over the years mean wind speed observation datas, region automatic weather station 10 minutes mean wind speed observation datas, different electric pressure built line project shaft tower coordinate, design wind speed, disaster caused by a windstorm accident and Fundamental Geographic Information Data.
3. the space obtaining value method of coastland according to claim 1 overhead transmission line design wind speed, is characterized in that above-mentioned steps 1) data review comprises following content: comprise the examination of meteorological station representativeness, observational data consistance and data record reliability;
The representative criterion of meteorological station is as follows:
11) national weather station and oceanographic station have more than 30 years survey wind data;
12) the Wind Data sequence of automatic Weather Station is no less than 2 years, and the percentage of head rice of mean wind speed, maximum wind velocity and extreme wind speed data sequences is greater than 95%;
13) website surrounding terrain flatness is better;
14) the open spaciousness of surrounding, neighbouring barrier is not more than 5 ° to the maximum angle of blocking surveying wind,
Observational data consistency criterion:
21) time is interrupted according to moving station and changing the information determination data such as instrument in Meteorological Station History;
22) before interruption year, the wind series of (not comprising this year) is subsequence 1, and sequence is thereafter subsequence 2, if subsequence 1 is x
1, x
2...., x
n1, subsequence 2 is y
1, y
2...., y
n2, the mean value of subsequence 1 and 2 is respectively
with
total data mean value is
so
Total data pair
sum of square of deviations be:
In above formula right-hand member bracket, quadratic sum reflects each group of data interconnects difference degree, and be called sum of square of deviations in group, above formula right-hand member the 2nd difference degree reflected between two groups of data, is called sum of square of deviations between group;
23) judge that whether group difference is remarkable, utilize the F method of inspection to carry out significance test:
Data record reliability criterion:
Pass through with the examination & verification of local meteorological department, enter meteorological system database and report the data of China Meteorological Administration to be as the criterion; Wind Data significantly bigger than normal or less than normal is analyzed, whether reliable by comparative analysis between weather system process analysis procedure analysis, the station, different meteorological element correlation analysis pending trial given data record.
4. the space obtaining value method of coastland according to claim 1 overhead transmission line design wind speed, is characterized in that above-mentioned steps 1) in data correction comprise wind speed height correct and time time convert:
Wind speed height is corrected and is adopted power exponent formula:
In formula, V is calibrated altitude wind speed, and Z is the anemoscope height recorded in Meteorological Station History, V
0for anemoscope observation wind speed, α is spacious flat country terrain rough factor, gets 0.15 by " loading code for design of building structures " (GB50009-2012);
Convert during wind speed time and adopt linear regression model (LRM):
V
10min=aV
2min+b
31) from having wind speed from the station of note, choosing Nian Ziji 10 minutes average maximum wind velocity values respectively, and being converted to calibrated altitude, obtaining V
10minsequences y
1, y
2...., y
n;
32) from the identical time of respective station, choose timing 2 minutes average maximum wind velocity values, and be converted to calibrated altitude, obtain and y
1, y
2...., y
ncorresponding V
2minsequence x
1, x
2...., x
n;
33) constant a, b is asked according to least square method.
5. the space obtaining value method of coastland according to claim 1 overhead transmission line design wind speed, it is characterized in that above-mentioned steps 2) coastland Characteristics of Tropical Cyclones analysis be the Landing Tropical Cyclone that records with over the years " tropical cyclone yearbook " for sample, analyze the year border and moon border change, space distribution and strength grading feature logging in the frequency;
Year border and intermonthly changes comprise the history Landing Tropical Cyclone sum in provincial administrative line, maximum value and minimal value and occur the time, Landing Tropical Cyclone is change curve year by year, log in frequency disribution form month by month, the whole year the earliest Landing Tropical Cyclone and the whole year statistical value such as Landing Tropical Cyclone date the latest;
Spatial distribution characteristic comprise in coastal prefecture-level city administrative line Landing Tropical Cyclone sum and ratio;
According to " tropical cyclone grade " GB/T19201-2006, classification is carried out to tropical cyclone intensity when logging in, statistics different brackets tropical cyclone sum and ratio.
6. the space obtaining value method of coastland according to claim 1 overhead transmission line design wind speed, it is characterized in that above-mentioned steps 3) the theoretical wind gage of the long-range meteorological station at last with revised national weather station, oceanographic station year by year liftoff 10 meters of height 10 minutes average maximum wind velocities for sample, adopt the fitting effect better line style calculating reoccurrence period in extreme value type I and Pearson I II type probability distribution to be the theoretical wind speed of 30 years and 50 years.
7. the space obtaining value method of coastland according to claim 1 overhead transmission line design wind speed, is characterized in that above-mentioned steps 4) automatic weather station supplement calculation method is as follows:
Select the national weather station best with automatic weather station strong wind sample correlation coefficient as reference station, utilize ratioing technigue to calculate the prolongation coefficient k of each automatic weather station, calculating formula is as follows:
X in formula
ifor automatic Weather Station series, y
ifor reference station series, n is total sample number, utilizes and extends coefficient k correction, obtain and study and compare weather station all the year round for wind series A
icorresponding sequence B
i, then adopt the better line style of fitting effect in extreme value type I and Pearson I II type probability distribution to calculate the theoretical wind speed that the reoccurrence period is 30 years and 50 years.
8. the space obtaining value method of coastland according to claim 1 overhead transmission line design wind speed, is characterized in that above-mentioned steps 5) design wind speed space interpolation and optimization method as follows:
The theoretical wind speed space interpolation of national weather station, oceanographic station and automatic weather station adopts inverse distance weighted interpolation method, Cressman method of interpolation, Interpolation Property of Radial Basis Function method, Kriging method of interpolation to carry out space interpolation calculating, and recording interpolation error; Cross validation adopts ten foldings checkings, is divided into 10 groups to calculate at random by sample set, each utilize wherein 9 groups carry out space interpolation, remain 1 group and be used as checking, analyze 10 space interpolation result of calculations, select interpolation error minimum packets method;
Select the above Tropical Cyclone Landing high frequency region of typhoon and the key sections that wire breaking and tower falling accident occurred, utilize built Pre-Engineering Design of Long Distance Wind Data to check theoretical wind speed interpolation result; By adjustment space interpolation parameter, theoretical wind speed spatial distribution is optimized.
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