CN104573256B - A kind of crop plant type method for designing - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of crop plant type method for designing, mechanical analysis is carried out come the lodging to crop using plant model, the shapes such as suitable plant height, yield are obtained by data-optimized, so as to provide reference for plant type is improved and designed.The mode for coming from traditional agricultural breeding and gene breeding to improve plant type of the invention is different, is completed by way of a kind of parameter optimization realized on computers.Artificial and experimental cost can so be reduced, shorten experimental period, for the design of rational plant height provides theoretical foundation and practical advice, while being also beneficial in Technique Popularizing agriculturally.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to computer technology, electronic information technical field, and in particular to one kind is based on Mechanics Calculation and plant
The crop plant type method for designing of model.
Background technology
Increase along with population and Cultivated Land Area Decrease, the raising of unit area grain yield is as agri-scientific research tackling key problem
Primary goal.And it is one of important limiting factor of high crop yield to lodge, the lodging of crop not only brings the heavy losses of yield,
Grain quality is reduced, harvesting is returned and is brought very big difficulty.
The lodging resistance of plant is mainly determined by plant height.By taking paddy rice as an example, in the green revolution of 50~sixties of 20th century
In, the breeding wheat for semidwarfness stage of China is first developing stage that practice is combined with plant type theory, in the research in this stage
The heart is the plant height of crop.Significantly increase resistance to fertilizer, lodging resistance and the dense planting of kind by reducing plant height, and then improve leaf area
Index and biological yield, so as to improve the yield of crop groups, and have selected the short-foot south a series of high product of short stem of top grade
Kind.
With deeply developing with production practices for plant type theoretical research, agronomist has new understanding, master of short stem to plant height
Economic coefficient is improve, biological yield has no significant change, to there is larger breakthrough to have on biological yield in yield
It is greatly improved.It is generally believed that to realize Super-high-yielding, biological yield is a basis；Plant needs certain height, biological
Yield is just high.Suitably increase some plant heights, leaf area density can be reduced, be conducive to CO2Diffusion and the light of middle and lower part blade,
It is favourable to increment and later stage Grain Filling.Simultaneously also there are some researches prove, plant height and biological yield are in significant positive correlation,
Especially relation is more close under high-yield condition, and it is grain number per spike and the increased material base of mass of 1000 kernel that biological yield increases
Plinth.
Easy lodging after Rice Production has been returned to the stalk epoch high, but plant is high.The high yield of modern rice cropping, high-quality
Etc. target, bar none by lodging problem restriction.It can be said that the rice lodging problem that the first time green revolution has been solved,
By semicentennial samsara, and into the bottleneck problem of China's rice cultivating technique.According to scholarly forecast, large area per mu yield is realized
1000 kilograms of super hybridized rice, must carry out plant type improvement first, make rice plant from current semi-dwarf mutant, half stalk high to stalk high
Or even the transformation of superelevation stalk, to increase the biological yield of unit area；Three premises must also be ensured simultaneously, i.e., every mu spike number does not drop
Low, harvest index will be improved, lodging resistance will strengthen.Should ensure that bar paddy rice high realizes that high yield possesses the anti-of short-stem rice again
Lodging sexual clorminance, the problem that this contradiction is brought just is put in face of us：For the paddy rice of a certain kind, strain how high
It is desired that height is only its ideotypeWhat the foundation of judge is
Virtual plant is recent two decades come one of more rapid study hotspot for developing, and has merged mathematics, botany, meter
The knowledge of the related disciplines such as calculation machine graphics, and successfully it has been applied to the fields such as agriculture and forestry, virtual crops experiment.Borrow
Help the Plant Modeling extracted based on plant growth rule, people can by the accuracy of computer technology, be
The interaction of system property, the growth behavior and plant and external environment of the speciality of intuitive analysis plant.This becomes after biography
After system agricultural, gene cultivation technique, another important method of plant science development.It is more representational in Plant Modeling
There are GreenLab models, L system etc..Wherein, it is the model of fusion traditional Kernel-based methods the characteristics of crop functional architecture model
Advantage and originate from the Morphological structure model of Computer Subject, the mutual feedback mechanism of introduced plant function and structure, with table
Existing plant plasticity under various circumstances.The lodging of crop can be studied by means of virtual plant technology, is planted by optimizing
Thing model provides quantitative basis so as to the plant type design for cropSuch research is few.The present invention proposes design and makees
The new method of thing plant type.
The content of the invention
In order to accelerate the improvement of crop plant type, the present invention proposes a kind of crop plant type method for designing, by virtual plant
Technology studies the lodging of crop, and by optimizing plant model so as to the plant type design for crop provides quantitative basis.
A kind of crop plant type method for designing proposed by the present invention, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, by plant model, extracts related to the Mechanics Calculation state variable under a certain growth period of crop；
Step 2, FEM model is set up based on the state variable related to Mechanics Calculation；
Step 3：Enter the force analysis of row crop based on the FEM model, judge whether to lodge；
Step 4：If it is determined that lodging, then optimize the relevant parameter in plant model, step 1 to step is performed again
Rapid 4；Otherwise export the parameter of current plant model.
In order to further be optimized to the method：
Relevant parameter described in step 4 in plant model is the parameter of influence plant height and/or yield in plant model.
The method of the force analysis of finite element described in step 3, comprises the following steps：
Step 31, the maximum moment M that crop stem can bear in the moment being broken in calculating plant modelbreak=
σ I/r, wherein σ are the bending strength of crop stem, and I is the moment of inertia of cross-section of crop stem, and r is the cross section of crop stem
Radius；
Step 32, by the torque M of each point on crop stem in plant modeliRespectively with MbreakContrast, if there is Mi>Mbreak
Number of times be more than or equal to 1, then can determine whether to be lodged for crop.
The method for optimizing the relevant parameter in plant model described in step 4 is that the crop plant height of lodging resistance crop is excellent
Change, specially：Setting crop yield, builds single objective with constraints formula (5), and obtain anti-fall using particle cluster algorithm
Lie prostrate the maximum plant height of crop；
Wherein a is the allometry relative growth rate that can change the relation plant model between the length of stalk and rugosity, and H (a) is
Crop plant height when allometry relative growth rate is a, MiA () is the torque of each point on crop stem when allometry relative growth rate is a, Mbreak(a)
For the maximum moment that crop stem when allometry relative growth rate is for a can bear in the moment being broken.
The method for optimizing the relevant parameter in plant model described in step 4 is the excellent of the crop yield of lodging resistance crop
Change, specially：Setting crop plant height, builds single objective with constraints formula (6), and obtain anti-fall using particle cluster algorithm
Lie prostrate the maximum crop yield of crop；
Wherein PfruThe strong parameter in storehouse of crop fruit ear, PintThe strong parameter in storehouse of crop stem, W (Pfru,Pint)、Mi(Pfru,
Pint)、Mbreak(Pfru,Pint) it is illustrated respectively in PfruAnd PintThe torque of each point, work in crop yield, crop stem under parameter
The maximum moment that thing stalk can bear in the moment being broken.
The air for causing different grades of wind speed in step 2 adds finite element to the different drag forces of crop as input
The structure of model.
The state variable related to Mechanics Calculation extracted in step 1 includes that Crop Structure information, crop material properties are believed
Breath, the information of external force, thing structural information include locus and the quantity of crop organ, and crop material properties information includes making
The elastic modelling quantity of sundries official, Poisson's coefficient, material classification, the information of external force include gravity.
The inventive method carries out mechanical analysis using plant model come the lodging to crop, is closed by data-optimized
The shapes such as suitable plant height, yield, so as to provide reference for plant type is improved and designed.It is of the invention with traditional agricultural breeding and base
Because breeding comes different to the mode of plant type improvement, completed by way of a kind of parameter optimization realized on computers
's.Artificial and experimental cost can so be reduced, shorten experimental period, for the design of rational plant height provides theoretical foundation and practice refers to
Lead, while being also beneficial in Technique Popularizing agriculturally.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows present system frame diagram；
Fig. 2 shows the inventive method flow chart；
Fig. 3 shows the spatial beam in local coordinate system；
Fig. 4 shows the three-dimensional display of plant lodging mechanical analysis result；
Fig. 5 shows under different wind speed, the maximum rice straw height value of the paddy rice resistant to lodging of optimization；
Fig. 6 shows under different wind speed, the maximum spike of rice gravimetric value of the paddy rice resistant to lodging of optimization.
Specific embodiment
Each involved detailed problem in technical scheme that the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.It should be noted that
Described embodiment is intended merely to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, and does not play any restriction effect to it.
As shown in figure 1, user measures by actual crop paddy rice, stalk diameter, panel length, Miho are obtained again etc.
Information.Resulting actual information by the method for inverse problem of parameter is obtained into the parameter of plant model and is input in model
Go.The plant model of the present embodiment is GreenLab models, automatically generates meet the virtual of plant physiological processes on computers
Plant, to virtual plant expansion parameter optimize, such that it is able to obtain ideotype design result and can be with data and 3D
The mode of figure is shown to user, and user can instruct breeding work according to the result of parameter optimization, so as to influence actual work
The morphosis of thing.
As shown in Fig. 2 the present embodiment is mainly included the following steps that：
Step 1, by plant model, extracts related to the Mechanics Calculation state variable under a certain growth period of crop.
It is input into set up plant model to be designed by user's setting/model calibration, plant model parameter.User can be with
The suitable parameter of crop functional architecture model is set by the interactive interface of software, and preserves into Parameter File；Also may be used simultaneously
With according to actual plant growth rule, such as again etc., geometry and physiological parameter to model carry out reverse for growth rhythm, fringe；
Decide whether to carry out parametric calibration according to demand simultaneously.
Simulation crop dynamic growth, determines a certain growth period, by means of double yardsticks that plant model GreenLab is proposed
Automaton theory, makes the growth of paddy rice meet the rule of physiological and ecological process, and its topological structure is shown in the way of three-dimensional visualization
Show.
Extract the state variable related to Mechanics Calculation, including paddy rice structural information, rice material attribute information, external force
Information, the locus of thing structural information including rice organ and quantity, rice material attribute information includes rice organ
Elastic modelling quantity, Poisson's coefficient, material classification, the information of external force include gravity.
Step 2, FEM model is set up based on the related state variable of Mechanics Calculation.
The present embodiment is based on the state variable of the Mechanics Calculation correlation extracted in step 1, and the common FEM model that builds enters
And mechanical deformation of the analyzing rice in paddy rice structure in the presence of different wind speed and judge whether to lodge.In order to closer to
Actual conditions, the present embodiment adds windage factor, difference of the air that will be caused by different grades of wind speed to crop
Drag force as input, in being added to the structure of FEM model,.
Crop in the present embodiment is paddy rice, and its rice straw, leaf, spike of rice can be abstracted as the beam element of slim-lined construction；
The finite element modeling of rice straw is based on elastic-plastic material modeling；Remaining can be reduced to such as leaf, the finite element modeling of spike of rice
The modeling of elastomeric material.
Step 3：Enter the force analysis of row crop based on the FEM model, judge whether to lodge.
In FEM model, the linear force F suffered by i-th beam elementiIt can be calculated according to formula (1)：
Wherein, ρairIt is atmospheric density, CdTo pull coefficient, AiIt is i-th area of section windward of beam element, uiIt is i-th
Speed air flow at individual beam element, liIt is i-th length of beam element.
Enter water-filling with reference to the information (including gravity and wind-force) of paddy rice structural information, rice material attribute information, external force
The force analysis of finite element of rice, the principle and process of analysis can be expressed as follows：
Spatial beam as shown in Figure 3, in addition to axle power and moment of flexure is born, it is also possible to bear the effect of moment of torsion.Each is empty
Between the beam element displacement freedom that has two end nodes, each node have 6, unit has 12 frees degree；It is locally sat
Modal displacement array q in mark systemeWith nodal force array PeIt is as follows：
qe=[u1 v1 w1 θx1 θy1 θz1 u2 v2 w2 θx2 θy2 θz2]T
Pe=[Pu1 Pv1 Pw1 Mx1 My1 Mz1 Pu2 Pv2 Pw2 Mx2 My2 Mz2]T
Wherein u1、v1、w1、u2、v2、w2、θx1、θy1、θz1、θx2、θy2、θz2Respectively two end nodes are in x, y, z direction of principal axis
On amount of deflection and corresponding corner；Pu1、Pv1、Pw1、Mx1、My1、Mz1、Pu2、Pv2、Pw2、Mx2、My2、Mz2Respectively corresponding transverse direction
Power and moment of flexure；
For the beam element (such as leaf) of elastomeric material, stiffness matrix of each beam element under local coordinate system is write out.
Each beam element is possible to the load linear load (such as gravity and wind-force) for bearing or point-load (such as spike of rice).
Resulting unit stiffness matrix is assembled, Bulk stiffness matrix can be formed, while by all sections
Point load is also carried out assembling.Because each beam element is initially that force analysis is set up in local coordinate system, so will be each
Individual beam element is transformed in global coordinate system, and so, the unit of diverse location just has public coordinate basis, so as to each list
Unit carries out integrated assembling.
Therefore the beam element integral finite element analysis equation of elastomeric material, i.e. stiffness equations are：
Similarly, for the beam element (such as rice straw) of elastic-plastic material, its integral finite element analysis equation is：
It will be solved after setting up finite element analysis equation.The boundary condition of total is：The root of crop
It is defaulted as being fixed on ground.The stiffness equations of elastomeric material are general linear equation, can be using such as Gaussian reduction side
Method is solved；And elastic-plastic material problem (elastic-plastic problem) is usually nonlinear equation, the pass of research
Key is the treatment of physical equation.Method for solving main at present has Direct Iterative Method, Newton-Raphson (N-R) iteration
The methods such as method, improved N-R iterative methods.
Stress, the torque arithmetic of each unit are carried out after the completion of solution, that is, carries out force analysis.And carry out force analysis
Main purpose is whether the stalk for analyzing crop there occurs that bending fractures, i.e., whether crop there occurs lodging.
The maximum moment M that Culm of Rice can bear in the moment being brokenbreakCan be obtained by formula (4)：
Mbreak=σ I/r (4)
Wherein σ is bending strength, embodies the maximum stress that can be resisted when Culm of Rice bends, and shows that Culm of Rice can hold
By the ability of maximum load.I is the moment of inertia of cross-section of Culm of Rice.R is the cross sectional radius of Culm of Rice.
Judge whether that the standard for lodging is set to：If the torque M of Culm of Rice pointiExceed and can bear most
High-torque Mbreak, that is, Mi>Mbreak, that is, think that crop there occurs lodging.
Step 4：If it is determined that lodging, then optimize the relevant parameter in plant model, step 1 to step is performed again
Rapid 4；Otherwise export the parameter of current plant model.
Mechanics lodging analysis is carried out to paddy rice to judge whether to lodge.If paddy rice lodges, it is believed that paddy rice is not
Possess ideotype, abandon the morphosis of this parameter and paddy rice.It is optimal until finding in step 1 to step 4 ceaselessly iteration
The plant model parameter of the proterties such as plant height, yield.The present embodiment has been respectively adopted the work of lodging resistance crop in parameter optimization
The optimization method of the crop yield of thing plant height optimization method and lodging resistance crop carries out the design of optimal crop plant type.
As shown in figure 4, after the design of optimal crop plant type is obtained, the result that final optimization pass is obtained is with three-dimensional visualization
Mode show.It is that complicated Crop Structure is abstracted as beam element and carries out finite element modeling in Fig. 4, by having
The mechanical analysis for limiting meta-model finally gives Culm of Rice position (the crop stem thickened portion such as in figure of fracture (lodging) occurs
Represent), it can be seen that the position for lodging in relative altitude less than 0.3.The position one that this lodges with actual paddy rice
Cause.
1. the rice straw height optimization method of lodging resistance paddy rice
Due to thinking the yield correlation of plant height and paddy rice, so in order to maximize rice yield, optimizing here
Target be reduced to maximize Plant Height of Rice (being represented with H).The optimized algorithm of use is particle cluster algorithm (PSO).Paddy rice is most
Also to be limited by not lodging while bigization plant height.Therefore single objective with constraints problem can be with formula
(5) represent：
Pass between the length of stalk and rugosity (can be changed by the plant model parameter allometry relative growth rate a for changing
System), obtain different morphology structures (being here the morphosis with different height and radius).
By optimized algorithm, the maximum rice straw height value of paddy rice resistant to lodging optimized under different wind speed, such as Fig. 5 can be obtained
It is shown.With the continuous enhancing of wind-force, the rice straw height of optimization is constantly reducing, and rice straw is gradually sturdy could to cause that paddy rice does not send out
Raw lodging fractures.This is consistent with actual conditions：Bearing big wind-force will reduce height, increase diameter, reduce wind pair
The moment of torsion effect of paddy rice.
2. the optimization method of lodging resistance rice yield
Consider distribution of the biomass between each organ to obtain it is intended that paddy rice spike of rice yield (with W tables
Show).The yield of paddy rice spike of rice and the strong relating to parameters in the storehouse of Different Organs, organ include paddy rice fruit ear, paddy rice rice straw, Rice Leaf
Son.By taking functional architecture model GreenLab as an example, it is considered to the strong parameter P in storehouse of paddy rice fruit earfruOr the strong parameter in storehouse of paddy rice rice straw
PintInfluence to paddy rice spike of rice yield.While paddy rice spike of rice yield is considered, constraint resistant to lodging is equally considered.Due to
PfruAnd PintChange can both influence biomass, it is also possible to influence the height of rice straw.Problem reduction is considered, it is to avoid consider water
Influence of the rice height to lodging, a certain height is fixed on by the height of paddy rice, only considers PfruAnd PintPass between lodging
System.Like this, from quality, the relation of volume it is recognised that when biomass is distributed, the change of rice straw biomass is only
It is the diameter for changing rice straw, the element length of rice straw keeps constant.Therefore the problem can be by a maximum for belt restraining
Change problem representation out：
(6) Fig. 6 give optimization paddy rice spike of rice weight and
Graph of a relation between different wind speed.It can be seen that with the continuous enhancing of wind-force, fractureed to there is no lodging, it is excellent
The rice yield reduction of change.This is consistent with actual conditions：Bearing big wind-force will reduce spike of rice weight, reduce spike of rice
Moment of torsion effect to paddy rice rice straw.When wind speed is in about 9.4m/s, just without parameter value and its corresponding spike of rice gravimetric value.This
Because in the case where paddy rice rice straw mechanical attribute (such as Young's modulus, elastic-plastic constitutive relation) is constant, adjust anyway
Distribution of the whole biomass between each organ, the paddy rice structure of present level can not resist the influence of wind-force, and rice straw is easy
Bending fractures.
In different growth periods mechanical analysis can be carried out by the inventive method to the crop of certain kind to judge
Whether lodge；Can also be analyzed for the crop of different cultivars different structure (such as crop have varying number and
Situations such as blade of position, different plant heights) for the influence of crop lodging resistance.For the analysis of these lodging proterties, can be with
The proterties such as most suitable plant height, yield are obtained by calculating, so that for the design of crop plant type provides foundation.
The inventive method can also be applied to the plant type design of the multiple kinds of crops such as wheat, with wide application space.
The difference of the method that the inventive method is improved with traditional agricultural breeding and gene breeding to plant type is：This method
It is to be completed by way of on computers realizing the parameter optimization that plant type is designed.This method can be used for crop in weight
The analysis of the lodging problem under power and wind-force effect, has time saving and energy saving, simple to operate, intuitively special compared to traditional method
Point.
The above, the only specific embodiment in the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and appoints
What be familiar with the people of the technology disclosed herein technical scope in, it will be appreciated that the conversion or replacement expected, should all cover
It is of the invention include within the scope of, therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the protection domain of claims.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of crop plant type method for designing, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1, by plant-growth model, extracts related to the Mechanics Calculation state variable under a certain growth period of crop；
Step 2, FEM model is set up based on the state variable related to Mechanics Calculation；
Step 3：Enter the force analysis of row crop based on the FEM model, judge whether to lodge；
Step 4：If it is determined that lodging, then optimize the relevant parameter in plant model, step 1 to step 4 is performed again；
Otherwise export the parameter of current plant model；
Relevant parameter described in step 4 in plant model is the parameter of influence plant height and/or yield in plant model；
The method of the force analysis of finite element described in step 3, comprises the following steps：
Step 31, the maximum moment M that crop stem can bear in the moment being broken in calculating plant modelbreak=σ I/
R, wherein σ are the bending strength of crop stem, and I is the moment of inertia of cross-section of crop stem, and r is the cross section half of crop stem
Footpath；
Step 32, by the torque M of each point on crop stem in plant modeliRespectively with MbreakContrast, if there is Mi>MbreakTime
Number is more than or equal to 1, then can determine whether to be lodged for crop.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that optimize the relevant parameter in plant model described in step 4
Method for lodging resistance crop crop plant height optimize, specially：Setting crop yield, builds single objective with constraints
Formula (5), and the maximum plant height of crop resistant to lodging is obtained using particle cluster algorithm；
Wherein a is the allometry relative growth rate that can change the relation plant model between the length of stalk and rugosity, and H (a) is friction speed
Crop plant height when growth rate is a, MiA () is the torque of each point on crop stem when allometry relative growth rate is a, MbreakA () is different
The maximum moment that crop stem can bear in the moment being broken when fast growth rate is a.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that optimize the relevant parameter in plant model described in step 4
Method for lodging resistance crop crop yield optimization, specially：Setting crop plant height, the single goal for building belt restraining is excellent
Change formula (6), and the maximum crop yield of crop resistant to lodging is obtained using particle cluster algorithm；
Wherein PfruThe strong parameter in storehouse of crop fruit ear, PintThe strong parameter in storehouse of crop stem, W (Pfru,Pint)、Mi(Pfru,Pint)、
Mbreak(Pfru,Pint) it is illustrated respectively in PfruAnd PintTorque, the crop stem of each point in crop yield, crop stem under parameter
In the maximum moment that the moment being broken can bear.
4. according to the method any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that draw different grades of wind speed in step 2
The air for rising adds the structure of FEM model to the different drag forces of crop as input.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterised in that the state related to Mechanics Calculation extracted in step 1 becomes
Amount includes Crop Structure information, crop material properties information, the information of external force, and thing structural information includes the space of crop organ
Position and quantity, crop material properties information include elastic modelling quantity, Poisson's coefficient, the material classification of crop organ, external force
Information includes gravity.
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| CN101510231A (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2009-08-19 | 上海理工大学 | Plate case structural bead distribution design method based on root forming mechanism |
| CN104198297A (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2014-12-10 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | Kinematic analytic system for lodging of crops and method utilizing kinematic analytic system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101510231A (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2009-08-19 | 上海理工大学 | Plate case structural bead distribution design method based on root forming mechanism |
| CN104198297A (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2014-12-10 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | Kinematic analytic system for lodging of crops and method utilizing kinematic analytic system |
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| Reconstruction of leaf area time series using data assimilation on the GreenLab;Xing Gong 等;《Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Functional-Structural Plant Models》;20131231;第223-225页 * |
| 植物功能结构模型研究的回顾与展望;康孟珍;《系统仿真学报》;20121031;第24卷(第10期);第2039-2048页 * |
| 油菜茎秆物料特性分析及分厢器研究;罗海峰;《中国博士学位论文全文数据库 农业科技辑》;20140715(第7期);第D047-27页 * |
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