CN104573204B - An Optimum Design Method for One-way Conductor Busbar - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种单向导通装置，具体是一种单向导通装置母排优化设计方法，属于地铁系统中杂散电流腐蚀防护领域。The invention relates to a one-way conducting device, in particular to an optimal design method for a busbar of the one-way conducting device, and belongs to the field of stray current corrosion protection in subway systems.
背景技术Background technique
目前，我国绝大多数的地铁设计方案中，在一些特殊地段如在车辆段的检修与停车库中、过江隧道的进出口处等地方，采用在轨道上设置绝缘结并增加单向导通装置的方法，对杂散电流进行防护；随着我国的城市轨道交通进入了大规模建设的高峰时期，对单向导通装置设计和制造提出了更高的要求。At present, in most of the subway design schemes in our country, in some special areas such as the maintenance of the depot and the parking garage, the entrance and exit of the river crossing tunnel, etc., it is adopted to set insulating junctions on the track and add one-way conducting devices. method to protect stray current; as my country's urban rail transit enters the peak period of large-scale construction, higher requirements are put forward for the design and manufacture of one-way conducting devices.
单向导通装置的主回路占据了柜体内的大部分空间，且主回路对装配及空间配置要求较高，主回路的布局设计也将决定二次回路的布局设计。通常主回路由二极管套件、电流传感器、快速熔断器、隔离开关及连接这些元件的母排构成，其中，母排起到电气连接和机械连接的作用，母排位置及形状的设计是主回路布局设计的主要内容，包括控制母排的成本及对均流度的影响。The main circuit of the one-way conduction device occupies most of the space in the cabinet, and the main circuit has high requirements for assembly and space configuration. The layout design of the main circuit will also determine the layout design of the secondary circuit. Usually the main circuit is composed of a diode set, a current sensor, a fast fuse, an isolating switch and a bus bar connecting these components. Among them, the bus bar plays the role of electrical connection and mechanical connection, and the design of the position and shape of the bus bar is the main circuit layout. The main content of the design includes controlling the cost of the busbar and its influence on the flow uniformity.
目前，单向导通装置母排的设计主要依靠经验进行设计，缺乏对母排的优化设计，没有实现满足均流度要求及装配要求的情况下有效控制母排用量。因此，如何对单向导通装置母排进行优化设计，实现母排最优布置效果，是本领域技术人员亟需解决的技术问题。At present, the design of the busbar of the one-way communication device mainly relies on experience, lacks the optimal design of the busbar, and effectively controls the amount of the busbar without meeting the requirements of flow uniformity and assembly requirements. Therefore, how to optimize the design of the busbar of the unidirectional conducting device and realize the optimal arrangement effect of the busbar is a technical problem urgently needed to be solved by those skilled in the art.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种单向导通装置母排优化设计方法，对单向导通装置母排进行优化设计，实现满足装配要求和均流度要求的母排最少用量。Aiming at the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides an optimal design method for the busbar of the one-way conducting device, which optimizes the design of the busbar of the one-way conducting device, and realizes the minimum amount of busbar required to meet the requirements of assembly and flow uniformity.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种单向导通装置母排优化设计方法，包括以下步骤：In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for optimizing the design of a unidirectional lead-through device busbar, comprising the following steps:
1)、通过参数化建模技术建立单向导通装置主回路的参数化三维模型，设置n个尺寸为驱动参数，驱动参数使各支路的母排模型的尺寸及位置发生有效变化而驱动参数数量尽可能的少；1) Establish a parametric three-dimensional model of the main circuit of the one-way conduction device through parametric modeling technology, set n dimensions as driving parameters, and the driving parameters can effectively change the size and position of the busbar model of each branch while the driving parameters as few as possible;
2)、以n个驱动参数组成n维优化变量x(n)，确立粒子群大小p及迭代次数T，确定p个初始粒子；2), using n driving parameters to form an n-dimensional optimization variable x(n), establishing the particle swarm size p and the number of iterations T, and determining p initial particles;
3)、分别获得各粒子的适应值，过程为：用粒子的各分量值替换三维模型对应的驱动参数值，用替换后的参数更新三维模型，获得更新后的母排模型总质量为此粒子的适应值；3) Obtain the fitness value of each particle respectively, the process is: replace the driving parameter value corresponding to the 3D model with each component value of the particle, update the 3D model with the replaced parameters, and obtain the total mass of the updated busbar model for this particle the fitness value;
4)、确定并储存个体最优粒子和全局最优粒子，其中，以适应值小的粒子为优；4) Determine and store the individual optimal particle and the global optimal particle, among which, the particle with the smallest fitness value is the best;
5)、判断迭代数是否到达T，到达则输出此时的全局最优粒子并进入步骤7)，否则进行步骤6)；5), judging whether the number of iterations reaches T, if it is reached, output the global optimal particle at this time and enter step 7), otherwise proceed to step 6);
6)、更新粒子群，生产新一代粒子群，各粒子依次按如下步骤进行：6), update the particle swarm, produce a new generation of particle swarm, each particle is carried out according to the following steps in turn:
S601：备份粒子的当前位置，调整粒子的粒子位置和粒子速度；S601: backup the current position of the particle, and adjust the particle position and particle speed of the particle;
S602：干涉过滤：用新位置的各分量值替换对应的驱动参数值，用替换后的参数值更新三维模型，对母排模型进行干涉检查及最小间隙测量，若没有发生干涉且最小间隙符合要求值则进入步骤S603，否则舍弃此新位置而调用备份的位置作为新位置，并进入步骤S601进行下一个粒子的更新，若已遍历所有粒子则返回步骤3)；S602: Interference filtering: replace the corresponding driving parameter values with the component values of the new position, update the 3D model with the replaced parameter values, perform interference check and minimum clearance measurement on the busbar model, if there is no interference and the minimum clearance meets the requirements Value then enters step S603, otherwise abandon this new position and call the position of backup as new position, and enter step S601 and carry out the update of next particle, if all particles have traversed, then return to step 3);
S603：均流度过滤：对更新后的主回路三维模型求解均流度，若均流度小于指定值则舍弃此新位置而调用备份的位置作为新位置，否则使用此新位置；进入步骤S601进行下一粒子更新，若已遍历所有粒子则返回步骤3)；S603: Flow uniformity filtering: Calculate the uniformity of flow for the updated 3D model of the main circuit, if the flow uniformity is less than the specified value, discard this new position and call the backup position as the new position, otherwise use this new position; go to step S601 Perform the next particle update, if all particles have been traversed, return to step 3);
7)、用输出的全局最优粒子替换主回路三维模型的驱动参数并更新主回路三维模型；7), replace the driving parameters of the three-dimensional model of the main circuit with the output global optimal particles and update the three-dimensional model of the main circuit;
8)、最后对母排模型的尺寸进行圆整以符合生产要求。8) Finally, the size of the busbar model is rounded to meet the production requirements.
所述主回路三维模型的均流度求解过程为：划分主回路模型成为多个支路模型→提取各支路模型的电气属性→将各支路的电气属性代入电路模型→在电气分析软件中求解电路模型得各支路电流→由各支路电流计算均流度。The process of solving the average flow rate of the three-dimensional model of the main circuit is: dividing the main circuit model into multiple branch models → extracting the electrical properties of each branch model → substituting the electrical properties of each branch into the circuit model → in the electrical analysis software Solve the circuit model to get the current of each branch → calculate the average flow rate from the current of each branch.
与现有的母排方法相比：本发明建立了参数化的单向导通装置主回路三维模型，通过简单的改变驱动参数值就能建立和分析新的模型，提高母排的优化设计效率；Compared with the existing busbar method: the present invention establishes a parameterized three-dimensional model of the main circuit of the one-way conduction device, and a new model can be established and analyzed by simply changing the driving parameter value to improve the optimization design efficiency of the busbar;
通过优化母排尺寸降低母排重量可直接地降低单向导通装置的生产成本；Reducing the weight of the busbar by optimizing the size of the busbar can directly reduce the production cost of the one-way lead-through device;
通过对干涉、最小间隙和均流度进行约束，可保证优化后装置的可靠性。The reliability of the optimized device can be guaranteed by constraining interference, minimum clearance and flow uniformity.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明单向导通装置母排优化设计方法流程框图；Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the flow chart of the optimization design method for the busbar of the unidirectional conducting device of the present invention;
图2是优化前的单向导通装置主回路三维模型示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of the main circuit of the unidirectional conduction device before optimization;
图3是优化后的单向导通装置主回路三维模型示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of the main circuit of the optimized one-way conduction device.
图中：1、二极管套件模型，2、隔离开关模型，3、电流传感器模型，4、快速熔断器模型，a-i、母排模型。In the figure: 1. Diode kit model, 2. Disconnect switch model, 3. Current sensor model, 4. Fast fuse model, a-i, busbar model.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
在单向导通装置主回路中，二极管套件及隔离开关占据较大空间且对装配要求较高，对于通用产品，按照规格书中柜体要求首先设计二极管套件及隔离开关的安装方式及安装位置，因此在进行母排的优化设计时二极管套件及隔离开关是相对固定的，可简化设计工作，提高效率。In the main circuit of the one-way conduction device, the diode kit and the isolating switch occupy a large space and have high requirements for assembly. For general-purpose products, the installation method and installation position of the diode kit and the isolating switch are first designed according to the requirements of the cabinet in the specification. Therefore, the diode kit and isolating switch are relatively fixed during the optimal design of the busbar, which can simplify the design work and improve efficiency.
母排在主回路中起到电气连接的作用，因此母排的设计结果将影响单向导通装置的均流度，对母排优化结果进行均流度约束可提高装置的可靠性。The busbar plays the role of electrical connection in the main circuit, so the design result of the busbar will affect the flow sharing degree of the one-way conducting device, and the flow sharing degree constraint on the optimization result of the busbar can improve the reliability of the device.
如图1所示，该图是本发明单向导通装置母排优化设计方法的流程框图。As shown in FIG. 1 , this figure is a flow chart of the busbar optimization design method of the unidirectional conducting device of the present invention.
1)、通过参数化建模技术建立单向导通装置主回路的参数化三维模型，设置n个尺寸为驱动参数，驱动参数使各支路的母排模型的尺寸及位置发生有效变化而驱动参数数量尽可能的少；1) Establish a parametric three-dimensional model of the main circuit of the one-way conduction device through parametric modeling technology, set n dimensions as driving parameters, and the driving parameters can effectively change the size and position of the busbar model of each branch while the driving parameters as few as possible;
如图2和图3所示，主回路三维模型包括有：二极管套件模型1、隔离开关模型2、电流传感器模型3、快速熔断器模型4及母排模型a-i。As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, the three-dimensional model of the main circuit includes: diode kit model 1, disconnector model 2, current sensor model 3, fast fuse model 4 and busbar model a-i.
主回路三维模型包括两个母排通路：(1)进线母排模型e,i-二极管套件模型1-电路传感器模型3-母排模型h-快速熔断器模型4-出线母排模型g,f,a；The three-dimensional model of the main circuit includes two busbar paths: (1) Incoming busbar model e, i-diode kit model 1-circuit sensor model 3-busbar model h-fast fuse model 4-outgoing busbar model g, f, a;
(2)进线母排模型e,d,c-隔离开关模型2-出线母排模型b、a；其中，所述二极管套件模型1及隔离开关模型2的空间位置及姿态固定。(2) Incoming busbar models e, d, c-isolating switch model 2-outgoing busbar models b, a; wherein, the spatial position and posture of the diode kit model 1 and the isolating switch model 2 are fixed.
母排模型的尺寸及位置受驱动参数控制，快速熔断器模型4的位置随所连接的母排模型的变化而变化。The size and position of the busbar model are controlled by the driving parameters, and the position of the fast-acting fuse model 4 changes with the connected busbar model.
可在三维软件中实现所述驱动参数通过关系式与母排三维模型中的母排长度尺寸或位置约束尺寸相关联，驱动参数的选择以能够驱动母排三维模型产生有效变化且驱动参数数量最少为原则，有效变化是指母排总长度或者母排在各支路的长度分布发生变化；因此优化不会减少母排通路，优化结果只影响母排尺寸及位置。It can be realized in the 3D software that the driving parameters are associated with the busbar length dimension or position constraint dimension in the 3D model of the busbar through a relational expression, and the selection of the driving parameters can drive the 3D model of the busbar to produce effective changes and the number of driving parameters is the least In principle, the effective change refers to the change of the total length of the busbar or the length distribution of the busbar in each branch; therefore, the optimization will not reduce the busbar access, and the optimization result only affects the size and position of the busbar.
参见图2及图3，可设置最少6个尺寸为驱动参数使母排模型发生有效变化。参数1为母排b的长度尺寸，母排b的右端点与隔离开关模型2上部固定；参数2为母排a水平段长度尺寸，其水平段末端与母排b左端始终约束对齐；参数3为母排f左端在母排g长度方向的位置尺寸，母排f左端与母排g顶端有距离约束，母排f右端与母排a紧贴约束，母排a竖直段下端连接进线电缆，电缆接线点竖直高度固定，母排g下端与快速熔断器模型4连接约束；参数4为母排h长度尺寸，其一端与分流器3连接约束，另一端与快速熔断器模型4紧贴约束，电流传感器模型3在二极管套件模型1上的位置固定；参数5为母排c水平段长度尺寸，其水平末端与隔离开关2下部固定，竖直端长度固定，竖直段末端与母排d右端对齐约束；参数6为母排d的长度尺寸，其左端与母排e上端对齐约束，母排i右端与母排e紧贴约束，母排i左端在二极管套件模型1上固定。Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3, at least 6 dimensions can be set as driving parameters to effectively change the busbar model. Parameter 1 is the length dimension of busbar b, the right end point of busbar b is fixed to the upper part of disconnector model 2; parameter 2 is the length dimension of the horizontal section of busbar a, and the end of the horizontal section is always constrained to align with the left end of busbar b; parameter 3 is the position dimension of the left end of bus bar f in the length direction of bus bar g, there is a distance constraint between the left end of bus bar f and the top of bus bar g, the right end of bus bar f is close to the constraint of bus bar a, and the lower end of the vertical section of bus bar a is connected to the incoming line The cable, the vertical height of the cable connection point is fixed, the lower end of the busbar g is connected to the fast fuse model 4; the parameter 4 is the length of the busbar h, one end of which is connected to the shunt 3, and the other end is tightly connected to the fast fuse model 4 Sticking constraints, the position of current sensor model 3 on diode kit model 1 is fixed; parameter 5 is the length of the horizontal section of busbar c, the horizontal end of which is fixed to the lower part of isolating switch 2, the length of the vertical end is fixed, and the end of the vertical section is connected to the busbar c The right end of row d is aligned with constraints; parameter 6 is the length dimension of busbar d, its left end is aligned with the upper end of busbar e, the right end of busbar i is closely bound to busbar e, and the left end of busbar i is fixed on diode kit model 1.
参见图2及图3可知，参数1可改变母排b及母排f，参数2可改变母排a及母排f，参数4可改变母排h及母排f，参数5可改变母排c及母排i，参数6可改变母排d及母排i。Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3, we can see that parameter 1 can change busbar b and busbar f, parameter 2 can change busbar a and busbar f, parameter 4 can change busbar h and busbar f, and parameter 5 can change busbar c and busbar i, parameter 6 can change busbar d and busbar i.
2)、以n个驱动参数组成n维优化变量X(n)，确立粒子群大小p及迭代次数T，确定p个初始粒子；2) Form an n-dimensional optimization variable X(n) with n driving parameters, establish the size p of the particle swarm and the number of iterations T, and determine p initial particles;
由于过滤约束优化对初始粒子要求较高，可随机产生多个粒子，人为试验满足过滤条件的可用为初始粒子。Since the filtering constraint optimization has high requirements on the initial particles, multiple particles can be randomly generated, and those that meet the filtering conditions can be used as the initial particles.
3)、分别获得各粒子的适应值，过程为：用粒子的各分量值替换三维模型对应的驱动参数值，用替换后的参数更新三维模型，获得更新后的母排模型总质量为此粒子的适应值；3) Obtain the fitness value of each particle respectively, the process is: replace the driving parameter value corresponding to the 3D model with each component value of the particle, update the 3D model with the replaced parameters, and obtain the total mass of the updated busbar model for this particle the fitness value;
母排总质量可通过建模软件的分析功能获得，也可是计算长度和获得体积和，体积和与密度乘积为质量和；The total mass of the busbar can be obtained through the analysis function of the modeling software, or the length can be calculated and the volume sum can be obtained. The product of the volume sum and the density is the mass sum;
4)、通过比较粒子的适应值确定并储存个体最优粒子和全局最优粒子，适应值小的粒子为优；4) Determine and store the individual optimal particle and the global optimal particle by comparing the fitness value of the particles, and the particle with the smaller fitness value is the best;
5)、判断迭代数是否到达T，到达则输出此时的全局最优粒子并进入步骤7)，否则进行步骤6)；5), judging whether the number of iterations reaches T, if it is reached, output the global optimal particle at this time and enter step 7), otherwise proceed to step 6);
6)、更新粒子群，生产新一代粒子群，各粒子依次按如下步骤进行：6), update the particle swarm, produce a new generation of particle swarm, each particle is carried out according to the following steps in turn:
S601：备份粒子的当前位置，调整粒子的粒子位置和粒子速度；S601: backup the current position of the particle, and adjust the particle position and particle speed of the particle;
S602：干涉过滤：用新位置的各分量值替换对应的驱动参数值，用替换后的参数值更新三维模型，对母排模型进行干涉检查及最小间隙测量，若没有发生干涉且最小间隙符合要求值则进入步骤S603，否则舍弃此新位置而调用备份的位置作为新位置，并进入步骤S601进行下一个粒子的更新，若已遍历所有粒子则返回步骤3)；S602: Interference filtering: replace the corresponding driving parameter values with the component values of the new position, update the 3D model with the replaced parameter values, perform interference check and minimum clearance measurement on the busbar model, if there is no interference and the minimum clearance meets the requirements Value then enters step S603, otherwise abandon this new position and call the position of backup as new position, and enter step S601 and carry out the update of next particle, if all particles have traversed, then return to step 3);
S603：均流度过滤：对更新后的主回路三维模型求解均流度，若均流度小于指定值则舍弃此新位置而调用备份的位置作为新位置，否则使用此新位置；进入步骤S601进行下一粒子更新，若已遍历所有粒子则返回步骤3)；S603: Flow uniformity filtering: Calculate the uniformity of flow for the updated 3D model of the main circuit, if the flow uniformity is less than the specified value, discard this new position and call the backup position as the new position, otherwise use this new position; go to step S601 Perform the next particle update, if all particles have been traversed, return to step 3);
7)、用输出的全局最优粒子替换主回路三维模型的驱动参数并更新主回路三维模型；7), replace the driving parameters of the three-dimensional model of the main circuit with the output global optimal particles and update the three-dimensional model of the main circuit;
8)、最后对母排模型的尺寸进行圆整以符合生产要求。8) Finally, the size of the busbar model is rounded to meet the production requirements.
所述主回路三维模型的均流度求解过程为：划分主回路模型成为多个支路模型→提取各支路模型的电气属性→将各支路的电气属性代入电路模型→在电气分析软件中求解电路模型得各支路电流→由各支路电流计算均流度。The process of solving the average flow rate of the three-dimensional model of the main circuit is: dividing the main circuit model into multiple branch models → extracting the electrical properties of each branch model → substituting the electrical properties of each branch into the circuit model → in the electrical analysis software Solve the circuit model to get the current of each branch → calculate the average flow rate from the current of each branch.
对干涉过滤后的粒子对应的三维模型进行均流度计算，可通过提取三维模型中母排模型的体积，将体积与体积电阻率相乘得到母排电阻，将母排电阻及其他元件参数代入相应的电路模型，生产电气分析文件输入电路仿真软件中进行电路模型的求解，根据输出的分析结果得到回路电流并计算得均流度。Calculate the flow uniformity of the 3D model corresponding to the particles after interference filtering, by extracting the volume of the busbar model in the 3D model, multiplying the volume by the volume resistivity to obtain the busbar resistance, and substituting the busbar resistance and other component parameters into Corresponding circuit model, the production electrical analysis file is input into the circuit simulation software to solve the circuit model, and the circuit current is obtained according to the output analysis result and the average flow rate is calculated.
如图2所示，该图是优化前的单向导通装置主回路三维模型示意图；As shown in Figure 2, this figure is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of the main circuit of the unidirectional conduction device before optimization;
如图3所示，该图是优化后的单向导通装置主回路三维模型示意图；As shown in Figure 3, this figure is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional model of the main circuit of the optimized one-way conduction device;
图中，通过参数化建模技术，由参数1-6驱动母排模型实现三维模型的更新，将图示三维模型按照前面所述优化设计方法进行优化，粒子群大小p＝3，迭代此时T＝20，得到优化前后的参数1-6，图2和图3所对应的优化参数及优化结果可通过表1显示：In the figure, through parametric modeling technology, the busbar model is driven by parameters 1-6 to update the 3D model, and the 3D model shown in the figure is optimized according to the optimization design method mentioned above, the particle swarm size is p=3, and iterative at this time T=20, get parameters 1-6 before and after optimization, the optimization parameters and optimization results corresponding to Figure 2 and Figure 3 can be shown in Table 1:
表1Table 1
由表1可知，通过本实施例所述母排优化设计方法，母排的尺寸得到优化，在不发生装配干涉且满足均流度要求的条件下，有效减少了母排的用量，降低了成本。It can be seen from Table 1 that through the busbar optimization design method described in this example, the size of the busbar is optimized, and the consumption of the busbar is effectively reduced and the cost is reduced under the condition that no assembly interference occurs and the flow uniformity requirements are met. .
综上所述，本发明主要特点和积极效果是：In summary, main features and positive effects of the present invention are:
建立参数化的单向导通装置主回路三维模型，通过简单的改变驱动参数值就能建立和分析新的模型，提高母排的优化设计效率；通过优化母排尺寸降低母排重量可直接地降低单向导通装置的生产成本；通过对干涉、最小间隙和均流度进行约束，可保证优化后装置的可靠性。Establish a parameterized three-dimensional model of the main circuit of the one-way conduction device, and a new model can be established and analyzed by simply changing the driving parameter value to improve the optimization design efficiency of the busbar; the weight of the busbar can be directly reduced by optimizing the size of the busbar The production cost of the unidirectional conduction device; the reliability of the optimized device can be guaranteed by constraining the interference, minimum clearance and flow uniformity.
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