CN104570048A - Natural neutron spectrum measurement method - Google Patents
Natural neutron spectrum measurement method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104570048A CN104570048A CN201410837765.0A CN201410837765A CN104570048A CN 104570048 A CN104570048 A CN 104570048A CN 201410837765 A CN201410837765 A CN 201410837765A CN 104570048 A CN104570048 A CN 104570048A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- natural
- neutron
- counting rate
- detector
- spectrum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000005316 response function Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000342 Monte Carlo simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001427 incoherent neutron scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a natural neutron spectrum measurement method, which comprises the following steps: using natural water body as a neutron moderation body, using a Monte-Carlo method for analog computation of fluence energy response functions of a detector to a natural neutron when the detector is located at different depths in the natural water body; using the detector to measure the counting rate of the natural neutron at different depths in the water; using spectrum unfolding software for spectrum unfolding on the basis of the counting rate after background deducting and the obtained fluence energy response functions to obtain a natural neutron spectrum. According to the natural neutron spectrum measurement method, the natural water body is used as as semi-infinite moderation body, the defects of limited size of conventional processed moderation body is overcome, the influences of neutrons and other background generated in the moderation body during natural neutron measurement are effectively eliminated, high-energy neutrons in the natural neutron spectrum can be effectively measured, the operation is simple, and reliable results can be provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of neutron measurement, and particularly relates to a natural neutron energy spectrum measurement method.
Background
Natural neutrons are a part of natural radiation. Natural neutron radiation field energy ranges are approximately 0.0253eV-1000MeV, energy spans 11 orders of magnitude, and natural neutron spectral measurement is always a relatively complex problem.
Currently, commonly used neutron detectors include threshold detectors, nuclear recoil detectors, nuclear reaction detectors, and fission detectors. Generally, a single detector can only perform satisfactory measurements for neutrons in a particular energy region, and if the entire energy region is to be measured, a combination of multiple detectors (sometimes multiple types of detectors) must be considered. Considering that the natural neutron fluence rate level is low (about 0.01 neutron cm-2 s-1), the energy region is wide, and a multi-sphere neutron spectrometer is selected for measurement and analysis.
The multi-sphere neutron spectrometer is widely applied to neutron spectrum measurement in the aspect of radiation protection, and comprises a thermal neutron sensitive probe and a series of moderators with different sizes and different materials. The moderator is generally designed to be spherical, the diameter of the moderator is 0-35 cm, the number of the spheres is 5-18, a thermal neutron detection element is arranged in the center of each sphere, such as a 3He proportional counter, a 6LiI proportional counter, a BF3 proportional counter and the like, and the moderator is made of polyethylene materials.
Typical fluence energy response is shown in FIG. 2, which is a plot of the fluence energy response function for a total of 12 probes in FIG. 2, all of which are filled with a 5.08cm diameter stainless steel housing10BF3An ionization chamber for the gas. Probes No. 1 and No. 2 are respectively an exposed (unshielded) ionization chamber and a cadmium-coated ionization chamber, and polyethylene material moderators are added outside the ionization chambers of the other probes. The outer diameters of the moderators were 7.6cm, 8.9cm, 10.2cm, 11.4cm, 12.7cm, 17.8cm, 20.3cm, 25.4cm, and 30.5cm, respectively, in this order. It can be seen from fig. 2 that the response curve of the detector to neutrons changes after different moderators are added, as the diameter of the moderators increases, the moderation effect to incident neutrons becomes better and better, the peak position of the energy response gradually shifts to the right, and a single detector with a specific moderator size is sensitive to neutrons in a specific energy region. In a given neutron radiation field, the counting rate of each detector is uniquely determined by the radiation field and the response function, and the energy spectrum of the neutron radiation field can be obtained by analyzing and performing spectrum decomposition on the measurement results of a plurality of different detectors.
However, there are two problems with multisphere neutron spectrometers for natural neutron spectroscopy: the maximum diameter of a moderator selected for in-situ neutron spectrum measurement is-40 cm, the moderator is mostly used for measuring energy neutrons below 20MeV, the use requirement is difficult to meet during natural neutron measurement, and a plurality of inconveniences exist in the processing and use processes of the moderator with a larger diameter; secondly, if the diameter of the moderator exceeds 10cm, when the moderator is used for natural neutron measurement, the contribution of additional neutrons generated in the detector due to various primary interactions is considered, otherwise, the problems of high neutron fluence rate, hard energy spectrum and the like given by an analysis result can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a natural neutron energy spectrum measuring method, which does not need to process moderators with various sizes, is simple to operate, can effectively measure high-energy neutrons in a natural neutron energy spectrum and gives a credible result.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a natural neutron energy spectrum measuring method comprises the following steps:
adopting a natural water body as a neutron moderating body, and simulating and calculating a fluence energy response function of the detector to natural neutrons when the detector is positioned at different depths of the natural water body by using a Monte Carlo method;
measuring the counting rate of natural neutrons at different depths under water by using a detector;
performing spectrum decomposition by spectrum decomposition software based on the counting rate after deducting the 'background' and the obtained fluence energy response function to obtain a natural neutron energy spectrum
Further characterized in that the detector is a He-3 proportional counter tube, a BF3 proportional counter, or a lithium-containing detector.
Further, the method for deducting the background comprises the following steps: measuring the counting rate of the neutron detectors at different depths within the depth range of about 0.5m to 20m below the water surface, fitting and extrapolating the measured counting rate and depth data to the position 0-50cm below the water surface by using an exponential function to obtain the background counting rate at the position 0-50cm below the water surface, and subtracting the background counting rate from the counting rate obtained when the detectors are positioned at the position 0-50cm below the water surface to obtain the counting rate after the background is deducted.
The method of the invention utilizes natural water as a semi-infinite moderator, overcomes the defect of limited size of the conventionally processed moderator, can effectively deduct the background of neutrons and the like generated in the moderator in the natural neutron measurement process, can effectively measure high-energy neutrons in the natural neutron spectrum, has simple operation and gives a credible result.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention showing background subtraction by curve fitting and extrapolation, wherein L1 is the experimental point curve of the measured count rate with depth, L2 is the curve of the background count rate with depth obtained by curve fitting and extrapolation, and the difference between the two curves reflects the net count of natural neutrons above the water in the detector.
FIG. 2 is a typical fluence energy response curve for a multisphere neutron spectrometer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
The invention provides a natural neutron energy spectrum measuring method, which comprises the following steps:
first, simulation analysis.
The method is characterized in that a natural water body is used as a neutron moderating body, and based on Monte Carlo analysis software, the response condition of detectors of single-energy neutrons above a water surface at different depths (for example, 0-50cm depth below the water surface) in the water body is simulated and analyzed, so that fluence energy response functions of the detectors at various depths are obtained.
Approximately, neutrons above the water surface can only reach about 50cm below the water surface, and then almost all are the above "background", so the spectra can be resolved only by analyzing responses at a depth of 0-50cm below the water surface.
The detector is placed at a certain depth in the water body and can be regarded as a Bonner sphere after a moderator material with one size is added, and the simulation results of a plurality of depths can be regarded as the response function of a multisphere neutron spectrometer containing a series of moderator sizes.
And secondly, measuring the counting rate.
According to the simulation result, different depth positions in the water body are selected, for example, the depths of 0cm, 2.5cm, 5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm, 30cm, 50cm and the like, and measurement can be carried out by utilizing neutron detectors such as a He-3 proportional counting tube, a BF3 proportional counter or a lithium-containing detector and the like, so that the counting rates at different depths are obtained.
In actual measurement, cosmic rays and the like can generate 'extra' neutrons in moderator materials such as a water body and the like through interaction, meanwhile, the detector can be interfered by rays from other sources, electronic noise and the like, the background is also called in the text, and the influence of the parts needs to be deducted in natural neutron spectrum measurement and analysis.
Considering that this "background" can be described by some simple continuous function under the water surface, the change rule can be predicted based on the experimental data analysis. The specific method for background subtraction is as follows: the counting rate of the neutron detector is measured at the depth of 0.5m, 1m, 2m, 3m, 5m, 10m, 20m and the like within the depth range of 20m below the water surface, curve fitting is carried out on the measured counting rate and depth data by using an exponential function to obtain the change rule of the counting rate along with the depth within the depth range of 0.5-20m, and the 'background' counting rate at the depth of 0-50cm and the like below the water surface is obtained by an extrapolation method and is shown as a curve L2. It can be seen from the curve L2 in fig. 1 that the count rate obtained by the detector is greatly affected by the "background" when measuring natural neutrons. To obtain the true spectrum of natural neutrons, this "background" must be subtracted. The 'background' counting rate at 0-50cm under the water surface can be directly obtained by extrapolation of the fitted functional relation, and the counting rate after deducting the 'background' counting rate can be obtained by subtracting the value from the counting rate measurement result at the corresponding depth. As can be seen in FIG. 1, at greater depths in the body of water (e.g., greater than 50cm), the measured count rate substantially coincides with the "background" count rate.
Count rate C measured at the ith depthiCan be expressed as:
wherein,the neutron fluence rate of the jth energy group in the natural neutron energy spectrum is unit cm-2S-1；R(Ej) For the detector at the ith depth for an energy EjFluence response function of monoenergetic neutrons in cm2；Rbg(i) Is the "background" count rate at the time of measurement, in units of S-1。
And thirdly, spectrum resolving.
And (4) performing spectrum decomposition by using spectrum decomposition software according to the counting rate and fluence energy response function after the background is deducted to obtain a natural neutron energy spectrum. The spectrum resolving process is the inverse process of the formula (1).
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Examples
(1) Fluence energy response function simulation analysis
The method comprises the steps of utilizing Monte Carlo simulation software MCNP, GEANT4 and the like to obtain neutron fluence rate spectrums at depths of 0cm, 2.5cm, 5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm, 30cm and 50cm below a water surface when single-energy neutrons with energy between 0.01eV and 1GeV enter from the water surface through simulation analysis, and then obtaining responses of detectors placed at corresponding positions according to the neutron fluence rate spectrums to obtain fluence energy response functions.
(2) Measuring
A He-3 proportional counter is selected as a thermal neutron sensitive detector, and neutron count rates at different depths in a water body, such as 0cm, 2.5cm, 5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm, 30cm, 50cm, 1m, 2m, 3m, 5m, 10m, and 20m are measured and obtained through spectral analysis.
(3) Background subtraction
And (3) selecting the counting rates of the detectors at the depths of 0.5m, 1m, 2m, 3m, 5m, 10m, 20m and the like obtained in the step (2), and performing fitting analysis on the measurement result by using an exponential function to obtain a fitting formula. Extrapolating according to a fitting formula to obtain a 'background' value at 0-50cm below the water surface, and further obtaining the net counting rates of detectors at 0cm, 2.5cm, 5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm, 30cm and 50cm below the water surface.
(4) Resolution table
After the net counting rate after deducting the 'background' is obtained, the spectrum is decomposed by spectrum decomposition software by combining the fluence energy response function to obtain a natural neutron energy spectrum.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, which may be embodied in other specific forms or in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The described embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention should be indicated by the appended claims, and any changes that are equivalent to the intent and scope of the claims should be construed to be included therein.
Claims (3)
1. A natural neutron energy spectrum measuring method comprises the following steps:
adopting a natural water body as a neutron moderating body, and simulating and calculating a fluence energy response function of the detector to natural neutrons when the detector is positioned at different depths of the natural water body by using a Monte Carlo method;
measuring the counting rate of natural neutrons at different depths under water by using a detector;
and (3) performing spectrum decomposition by using spectrum decomposition software based on the counting rate after the background is deducted and the obtained fluence energy response function to obtain a natural neutron energy spectrum.
2. The natural neutron spectrum measurement method of claim 1, wherein the detector is a He-3 proportional counter tube, a BF3 proportional counter or a lithium-containing detector.
3. The natural neutron energy spectrum measurement method of claim 1, wherein the method for deducting the background is as follows: measuring the counting rate of the neutron detectors at different depths within the depth range of about 0.5m to 20m below the water surface, fitting and extrapolating the measured counting rate and depth data to the position 0-50cm below the water surface by using an exponential function to obtain the background counting rate at the position 0-50cm below the water surface, and subtracting the background counting rate from the counting rate obtained when the detectors are positioned at the position 0-50cm below the water surface to obtain the counting rate after the background is deducted.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410837765.0A CN104570048B (en) | 2014-12-29 | 2014-12-29 | A kind of natural neutron spectral measurement method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410837765.0A CN104570048B (en) | 2014-12-29 | 2014-12-29 | A kind of natural neutron spectral measurement method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104570048A true CN104570048A (en) | 2015-04-29 |
| CN104570048B CN104570048B (en) | 2017-03-29 |
Family
ID=53086562
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410837765.0A Active CN104570048B (en) | 2014-12-29 | 2014-12-29 | A kind of natural neutron spectral measurement method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104570048B (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105785425A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-07-20 | 成都理工大学 | Water injection and drainage full-automatic multisphere neutron spectrometer and measurement method |
| CN108152845A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-06-12 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Dose Rate measuring method based on pulse-height spectrum |
| CN108490479A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-09-04 | 奕瑞新材料科技（太仓）有限公司 | A method of test radionuclide |
| CN108536983A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-09-14 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Accurate neutron energy spectrum based on discretized space Direction response matrix regulates and controls method |
| CN108680943A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-10-19 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of neutron spectrum measurement device and method based on prompt gamma ray neutron activation analysis technique |
| CN108957515A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2018-12-07 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | Determine the method, apparatus and imaging system of the energy response function of detector |
| CN109154673A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2019-01-04 | 赛默飞世尔科学测量技术有限公司 | The mode of operation verification method of neutron detection device |
| CN111487670A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-04 | 成都理工大学 | Temperature-controlled fluid neutron spectrometer, measuring method thereof and analysis processing system |
| CN112420229A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-02-26 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Out-of-pile nuclear instrument system periodic test device and test method thereof |
| CN112925006A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-06-08 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Fusion neutron real-time energy spectrum resolution method for magnetic confinement device |
| CN113640854A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-12 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Energy calibration method for gas detector by nuclear back-flushing method |
| CN113805217A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-12-17 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Method and system for determining number of Li-6 atomic nuclei |
| CN114185078A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-03-15 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Method for measuring fluence rate of monoenergetic neutrons of more than 1MeV |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3579588D1 (en) * | 1984-09-05 | 1990-10-11 | Georg Vecsey | METHOD FOR PASSIVE TRANSFER OF HEAT FROM CORE REACTORS AND DEVICE FOR OPERATING THIS METHOD. |
| CN1206837A (en) * | 1997-03-04 | 1999-02-03 | 安娜钻机国际有限公司 | Method for measuring earth stratum density |
| CN103064101B (en) * | 2013-01-04 | 2015-04-29 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Gama scanning measuring method through adoption of asymmetrical standard sample calibration |
-
2014
- 2014-12-29 CN CN201410837765.0A patent/CN104570048B/en active Active
Cited By (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105785425A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-07-20 | 成都理工大学 | Water injection and drainage full-automatic multisphere neutron spectrometer and measurement method |
| CN105785425B (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2018-08-03 | 成都理工大学 | A kind of full-automatic more ball neutron spectrometers of water filling draining and measurement method |
| CN109154673B (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2022-04-19 | 赛默飞世尔科学测量技术有限公司 | Operating state verification method for neutron detection device |
| CN109154673A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2019-01-04 | 赛默飞世尔科学测量技术有限公司 | The mode of operation verification method of neutron detection device |
| CN108152845A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-06-12 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Dose Rate measuring method based on pulse-height spectrum |
| CN108490479A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-09-04 | 奕瑞新材料科技（太仓）有限公司 | A method of test radionuclide |
| CN108536983A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-09-14 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Accurate neutron energy spectrum based on discretized space Direction response matrix regulates and controls method |
| CN108680943A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-10-19 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of neutron spectrum measurement device and method based on prompt gamma ray neutron activation analysis technique |
| CN108680943B (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2021-10-19 | 南京航空航天大学 | Neutron energy spectrum measuring device and method based on prompt gamma ray neutron activation analysis technology |
| CN108957515A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2018-12-07 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | Determine the method, apparatus and imaging system of the energy response function of detector |
| CN108957515B (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2020-09-08 | 上海联影医疗科技有限公司 | Method and device for determining energy response function of detector and imaging system |
| CN112925006A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-06-08 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Fusion neutron real-time energy spectrum resolution method for magnetic confinement device |
| CN111487670A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-04 | 成都理工大学 | Temperature-controlled fluid neutron spectrometer, measuring method thereof and analysis processing system |
| CN111487670B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2022-03-01 | 四川轻化工大学 | Temperature-controlled fluid neutron spectrometer, measuring method thereof and analysis processing system |
| CN112420229A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-02-26 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Out-of-pile nuclear instrument system periodic test device and test method thereof |
| CN112420229B (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2022-02-22 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Out-of-pile nuclear instrument system periodic test device and test method thereof |
| CN113640854A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-12 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Energy calibration method for gas detector by nuclear back-flushing method |
| CN113640854B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2024-05-14 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Nuclear recoil method gas detector energy scale method |
| CN113805217A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-12-17 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Method and system for determining number of Li-6 atomic nuclei |
| CN113805217B (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2024-05-14 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Method and system for determining number of Li-6 atomic nuclei |
| CN114185078A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-03-15 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Method for measuring fluence rate of monoenergetic neutrons of more than 1MeV |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104570048B (en) | 2017-03-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104570048B (en) | A kind of natural neutron spectral measurement method | |
| Thomas et al. | Bonner sphere spectrometers—a critical review | |
| CN107657119B (en) | Measurement method for improving gamma energy spectrum data quality | |
| CN111913205A (en) | Nuclear emergency multifunctional portable radiation monitoring system and monitoring method | |
| Brabcová et al. | Uncertainties in linear energy transfer spectra measured with track-etched detectors in space | |
| Yan et al. | Prototype studies on the nondestructive online burnup determination for the modular pebble bed reactors | |
| JP2012127942A (en) | Apparatus and method for measuring positron annihilation characteristic | |
| Alnour et al. | New approach for calibration the efficiency of HpGe detectors | |
| Di Fulvio et al. | Superheated emulsions and track etch detectors for photoneutron measurements | |
| Priyada et al. | Use of prompt gamma emissions from polyethylene to estimate neutron ambient dose equivalent | |
| Mirzajani et al. | Analysis of the application of the shadow cone technique for the determination of neutron spectrum with Bonner sphere spectrometer | |
| Brogi et al. | Feasibility of irrigation monitoring with cosmic-ray neutron sensors | |
| Brown et al. | Development of an energy discriminate CR-39® nuclear track etch dosimeter for Radon-220 gas measurements | |
| Fonnesu et al. | The preparation of the Shutdown Dose Rate experiment for the next JET Deuterium-Tritium campaign | |
| EP2920582B1 (en) | Identification of materials | |
| Tarim et al. | Monte Carlo modelling of single and multiple Compton scattering profiles in a concrete material | |
| Pozzi et al. | Impact of the newly proposed ICRU/ICRP quantities on neutron calibration fields and extended range neutron rem-counters | |
| CN110888155B (en) | Method for determining effective contribution range of large-volume liquid radioactive source to gamma spectrometer | |
| CN113466915A (en) | Radiation dose rate measuring system and method based on high-purity germanium detector | |
| Udupi et al. | A prototype neutron dose measuring instrument based on prompt gamma detection | |
| Tanimura et al. | Neutron fluence monitoring system in mono-energetic neutron fields at FRS/JAEA | |
| Malkawi et al. | Prediction and measurement of neutron energy spectrum in a material test research reactor | |
| Li et al. | Improvements to the long counter for neutron energies up to GeV | |
| Reginatto et al. | Neutron fluence rate measurements at an underground laboratory: a Bayesian approach | |
| Balmer et al. | A novel approach to neutron dosimetry |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |