CN104567926A - Horizontal shaft fine adjustment device with hard locking function - Google Patents

Horizontal shaft fine adjustment device with hard locking function Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104567926A
CN104567926A CN201410804878.0A CN201410804878A CN104567926A CN 104567926 A CN104567926 A CN 104567926A CN 201410804878 A CN201410804878 A CN 201410804878A CN 104567926 A CN104567926 A CN 104567926A
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worm
unlocking
tuning
fine
handwheel
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CN104567926B (en
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江波
郝伟
郭治理
靳虎敏
邓小国
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XiAn Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS
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XiAn Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C25/00Manufacturing, calibrating, cleaning, or repairing instruments or devices referred to in the other groups of this subclass

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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a horizontal shaft fine adjustment device with a hard locking function, which comprises a fine adjustment hand wheel, a locking device, a coupling device and an unlocking device, wherein the locking device comprises a worm fixing frame, and a worm wheel and a worm which can be meshed with each other. The invention realizes mechanical hard locking by utilizing the characteristic of reverse self-locking of the worm gear and the worm, has high locking strength and good reliability, and is suitable for occasions with heavier loads.

Description

带硬锁紧功能的水平轴微调装置Horizontal axis fine adjustment device with hard locking function

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种经纬仪水平轴系微调装置。The invention relates to a fine-tuning device for the horizontal axis of a theodolite.

背景技术Background technique

经纬仪在进行装调和测量过程中,经常需要使用手动对准光轴,如拍摄方位标、拍星等。因此需要设计一套操作方便、精度较高的锁紧装置以完成对经纬仪水平轴系的调整。传统的锁紧装置通常采用簧片式弹性锁紧,这种装置的主要缺点是当驱动力足够大时,会发生解锁现象,锁紧强度低、可靠性差,难以满足对负载较重的水平轴系的锁紧微调和精密定位。另外,簧片式锁紧装置中的簧片会随着使用时间的延长而慢慢氧化变硬,一旦出现断裂现象便会影响设备的正常运转,因此需要经常检修和维护。During the installation and measurement process of the theodolite, it is often necessary to manually align the optical axis, such as shooting azimuth marks, shooting stars, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to design a locking device with convenient operation and high precision to complete the adjustment of the theodolite horizontal axis system. The traditional locking device usually adopts reed-type elastic locking. The main disadvantage of this device is that when the driving force is large enough, the unlocking phenomenon will occur, the locking strength is low, and the reliability is poor. Locking fine-tuning and precise positioning of the system. In addition, the reeds in the reed locking device will gradually oxidize and harden with the prolongation of use time. Once broken, the normal operation of the equipment will be affected, so frequent repairs and maintenance are required.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明目的是提供一种带硬锁紧功能的水平轴微调装置,解决了经纬仪水平轴系锁紧装置锁紧强度低、可靠性差的技术问题。The object of the present invention is to provide a horizontal axis fine-tuning device with a hard locking function, which solves the technical problems of low locking strength and poor reliability of the theodolite horizontal axis locking device.

本发明的技术解决方案是:Technical solution of the present invention is:

一种带硬锁紧功能的水平轴微调装置,包括微调手轮1、锁紧装置,其特殊之处在于:A horizontal axis fine-tuning device with a hard locking function, including a fine-tuning handwheel 1 and a locking device, its special features are:

还包括联轴装置和解锁装置;Also includes couplings and unlocking devices;

所述联轴装置包括球头轴9和万向联轴器11;The coupling device includes a ball joint 9 and a universal joint 11;

所述锁紧装置包括蜗杆固定架4、可相互啮合的蜗轮2和蜗杆10;所述蜗杆设置在蜗杆固定架上且能自由转动;所述蜗轮同轴固连在被调水平轴上;所述蜗杆一端与万向联轴器的一端固连,所述万向联轴器的另一端和球头轴的一端固连,所述球头轴另一端与微调手轮固连;所述蜗杆另一端伸出蜗杆固定架;所述微调手轮设置在蜗杆固定架上且能自由转动;The locking device comprises a worm fixing frame 4, a worm wheel 2 and a worm 10 which can engage with each other; the worm is arranged on the worm fixing frame and can rotate freely; the worm wheel is coaxially fixed on the adjusted horizontal shaft; One end of the worm is fixedly connected with one end of the universal coupling, the other end of the universal coupling is fixedly connected with one end of the ball shaft, and the other end of the ball shaft is fixedly connected with the fine-tuning handwheel; the worm The other end protrudes from the worm fixing frame; the fine-tuning handwheel is arranged on the worm fixing frame and can rotate freely;

所述解锁装置包括固定架3、蜗杆限位装置、解锁手轮5、与解锁手轮同轴设置的偏心轮6;所述解锁手轮设置在固定架上;所述蜗杆另一端设置在蜗杆限位装置内且能自由转动;所述偏心轮可推动蜗杆限位装置上下往复移动;所述蜗杆固定架通过设置在万向联轴器附近且垂直于蜗杆的转轴17与固定架连接;The unlocking device includes a fixed frame 3, a worm limiter, an unlocking handwheel 5, and an eccentric wheel 6 coaxially arranged with the unlocking handwheel; the unlocking handwheel is arranged on the fixed frame; the other end of the worm is arranged on the worm The eccentric wheel can push the worm limit device to reciprocate up and down; the worm fixed frame is connected with the fixed frame through the rotating shaft 17 which is arranged near the universal coupling and is perpendicular to the worm;

所述固定架固定在被调水平轴所在设备上。The fixing frame is fixed on the equipment where the horizontal axis to be adjusted is located.

上述解锁装置还包括光电开关12和遮光片16;所述光电开关设置于固定架上,所述遮光片设置在偏心轮上;当偏心轮的凸起位于最高点时,遮光片恰好遮住光电开关。The above-mentioned unlocking device also includes a photoelectric switch 12 and a shading sheet 16; the photoelectric switch is arranged on the fixed frame, and the shading sheet is arranged on the eccentric wheel; when the protrusion of the eccentric wheel is at the highest point, the shading sheet just covers the photoelectric switch.

上述蜗杆限位装置包括分别设置在蜗杆左边和右边的两个立柱、设置在蜗杆上边的压簧、设置在蜗杆下边的解锁压簧;所述两个立柱的上端固定在固定架上;所述偏心轮与下边的解锁压簧接触。The above-mentioned worm limiting device includes two columns respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the worm, a compression spring arranged on the upper side of the worm, and an unlocking compression spring arranged on the lower side of the worm; the upper ends of the two columns are fixed on the fixed frame; The eccentric wheel is in contact with the unlocking stage spring below.

上述蜗轮和蜗杆的传动比为1:200。The transmission ratio of the above-mentioned worm gear and worm is 1:200.

本发明的优点在于:The advantages of the present invention are:

(1)蜗轮蜗杆构成一个大减速比的减速机构,手轮的大范围转动传递到蜗轮后变为微小的角度变化,调整精度高。(1) The worm gear constitutes a reduction mechanism with a large reduction ratio. After the large-scale rotation of the hand wheel is transmitted to the worm wheel, it becomes a small angle change, and the adjustment accuracy is high.

(2)利用蜗轮蜗杆逆向自锁的特点,实现机械硬锁紧,锁紧强度高,可靠性好,适用于负载较重的场合。(2) Utilizing the reverse self-locking characteristics of the worm gear and worm to realize mechanical hard locking, the locking strength is high and the reliability is good, and it is suitable for occasions with heavy loads.

(3)使用光电开关对锁紧和解锁的状态进行指示,精度较高且使用方便。(3) The photoelectric switch is used to indicate the state of locking and unlocking, which has high precision and is easy to use.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明立体图;Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention;

图2为本发明剖面图;Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the present invention;

图3为锁紧状态示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a locking state;

图4为解锁状态示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an unlocked state.

附图标记如下:1-微调手轮;2-蜗轮;3-固定架;4-蜗杆固定架,5-解锁手轮;6-偏心轮;7-支座;8-微调接轴;9-球头轴;10-蜗杆;11-万向联轴器;12-光电开关;14-压簧;15-解锁压簧;16-遮光片。Reference signs are as follows: 1-fine-tuning handwheel; 2-worm wheel; 3-fixed frame; 4-worm screw fixed frame, 5-unlocking handwheel; 6-eccentric wheel; 7-support; 8-fine-tuning shaft; 9- Ball shaft; 10-worm; 11-universal coupling; 12-photoelectric switch; 14-pressure spring; 15-unlocking pressure spring; 16-shading sheet.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

如图1、2所示,本发明主要由微调手轮1、联轴装置、锁紧装置和解锁装置构成。联轴装置用来传递主要运动,水平轴与蜗轮2通过平键连接。蜗轮蜗杆的传动比为1:200,蜗杆10一端通过压簧与偏心轮解锁装置相连,蜗杆绕固定转轴进行上下摆动,在偏心轮6的高点顶起后与蜗轮啮合,蜗杆另一端通过一个万向联轴器11与水平微调手轮的微调接轴8相连。由于偏心轮和蜗杆转轴都是固定支点,支撑刚性非常高,使得该机构具有硬锁紧特性,锁紧安全可靠。偏心轮的下方装有光电开关12对锁紧和解锁的状态进行指示。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the present invention mainly consists of a fine-tuning handwheel 1, a shaft coupling, a locking device and an unlocking device. The shaft coupling is used to transmit the main movement, and the horizontal shaft is connected with the worm wheel 2 through a flat key. The transmission ratio of the worm gear is 1:200. One end of the worm 10 is connected to the unlocking device of the eccentric wheel through a compression spring. The worm swings up and down around the fixed rotating shaft and meshes with the worm wheel after being jacked up at the high point of the eccentric wheel 6. The other end of the worm is passed through a The universal joint 11 links to each other with the fine-tuning connecting shaft 8 of the horizontal fine-tuning handwheel. Since both the eccentric wheel and the worm shaft are fixed fulcrums, the supporting rigidity is very high, so that the mechanism has a hard locking feature, and the locking is safe and reliable. The photoelectric switch 12 is equipped with below the eccentric to indicate the state of locking and unlocking.

首先蜗轮和蜗杆处于非啮合状态,转动解锁手轮5,与之连接的偏心轮随之转动,偏心轮的高点部分将蜗杆向上顶起从而与蜗轮进行啮合,同时断开电动控制线路。蜗轮蜗杆啮合后具有反向自锁的特点,实现水平轴系的俯仰锁紧。当不需要进行微调时,由于蜗轮蜗杆的啮合作用,蜗轮处于自锁状态,此时即为锁紧状态,啮合锁紧状态如图3所示。Firstly, the worm wheel and the worm are in a non-meshing state. Turn the unlocking hand wheel 5, and the eccentric wheel connected to it will rotate accordingly. The high point of the eccentric wheel will lift the worm upward to mesh with the worm wheel, and disconnect the electric control circuit at the same time. After the worm gear meshes, it has the characteristics of reverse self-locking, which realizes the pitch locking of the horizontal shaft system. When fine-tuning is not required, the worm gear is in a self-locking state due to the meshing effect of the worm gear and worm, and at this time it is in a locked state. The meshed and locked state is shown in Figure 3.

此时转动微调手轮,便由蜗杆带动蜗轮做圆周运动,即可完成微调操作,蜗轮蜗杆构成一个大减速比的减速机构,手轮的大范围转动传递到蜗轮后变为微小的角度变化。蜗杆上下摆动后与微调手轮的位置发生相对变化,十字联轴器的销孔可使蜗杆的游动端轴向产生一定的相对位置变化,并可进行不同轴线的两根旋转轴的运动传递。At this time, when the fine-tuning handwheel is turned, the worm drives the worm wheel to make a circular motion to complete the fine-tuning operation. The worm gear and worm constitute a reduction mechanism with a large reduction ratio. The large-scale rotation of the handwheel is transmitted to the worm wheel and becomes a small angle change. After the worm swings up and down, the position of the fine-tuning handwheel changes relative to it. The pin hole of the cross coupling can make the floating end of the worm move in a certain relative position in the axial direction, and can transmit the motion of two rotating shafts with different axes. .

微调工作完成后,转动解锁手轮,使偏心轮高点脱离蜗杆,蜗杆在压簧的作用下向下脱开蜗轮,实现锁紧机构的解锁,解锁状态如图4所示。此时手动微调装置失效,轴系可在电动控制下恢复自由转动。After the fine-tuning work is completed, turn the unlocking handwheel so that the high point of the eccentric wheel is separated from the worm, and the worm is disengaged from the worm wheel under the action of the compression spring to realize the unlocking of the locking mechanism. The unlocking state is shown in Figure 4. At this time, the manual fine-tuning device fails, and the shafting can resume free rotation under electric control.

Claims (4)

1.一种带硬锁紧功能的水平轴微调装置,包括微调手轮(1)、锁紧装置,其特征在于:1. A horizontal axis fine-tuning device with a hard locking function, comprising a fine-tuning handwheel (1) and a locking device, characterized in that: 还包括联轴装置和解锁装置;Also includes couplings and unlocking devices; 所述联轴装置包括球头轴(9)和万向联轴器(11);The shaft coupling device comprises a ball joint shaft (9) and a universal shaft coupling (11); 所述锁紧装置包括蜗杆固定架(4)、可相互啮合的蜗轮(2)和蜗杆(10);所述蜗杆设置在蜗杆固定架上且能自由转动;所述蜗轮同轴固连在被调水平轴上;所述蜗杆一端与万向联轴器的一端固连,所述万向联轴器的另一端和球头轴的一端固连,所述球头轴另一端与微调手轮固连;所述蜗杆另一端伸出蜗杆固定架;所述微调手轮设置在蜗杆固定架上且能自由转动;The locking device comprises a worm fixing frame (4), a worm wheel (2) and a worm (10) which can engage with each other; the worm is arranged on the worm fixing frame and can rotate freely; the worm wheel is coaxially fixed on the On the horizontal shaft; one end of the worm is fixedly connected with one end of the universal coupling, the other end of the universal coupling is fixedly connected with one end of the ball shaft, and the other end of the ball shaft is connected with the fine-tuning handwheel fixed connection; the other end of the worm protrudes from the worm fixing frame; the fine-tuning handwheel is arranged on the worm fixing frame and can rotate freely; 所述解锁装置包括固定架(3)、蜗杆限位装置、解锁手轮(5)、与解锁手轮同轴设置的偏心轮(6);所述解锁手轮设置在固定架上;所述蜗杆另一端设置在蜗杆限位装置内且能自由转动;所述偏心轮可推动蜗杆限位装置上下往复移动;所述蜗杆固定架通过设置在万向联轴器附近且垂直于蜗杆的转轴(17)与固定架连接;The unlocking device includes a fixed frame (3), a worm limiter, an unlocking handwheel (5), and an eccentric wheel (6) coaxially arranged with the unlocking handwheel; the unlocking handwheel is arranged on the fixed frame; The other end of the worm is set in the worm limiter and can rotate freely; the eccentric wheel can push the worm limiter to reciprocate up and down; the worm holder passes through the rotating shaft ( 17) Connect with the fixed frame; 所述固定架固定在被调水平轴所在设备上。The fixing frame is fixed on the equipment where the horizontal axis to be adjusted is located. 2.根据权利要求1所述的带硬锁紧功能的水平轴微调装置,其特征在于:所述解锁装置还包括光电开关(12)和遮光片(16);所述光电开关设置于固定架上,所述遮光片设置在偏心轮上;当偏心轮的凸起位于最高点时,遮光片恰好遮住光电开关。2. The horizontal axis fine-tuning device with hard locking function according to claim 1, characterized in that: the unlocking device also includes a photoelectric switch (12) and a light-shielding sheet (16); the photoelectric switch is arranged on the fixing frame Above, the shading sheet is arranged on the eccentric wheel; when the protrusion of the eccentric wheel is at the highest point, the shading sheet just covers the photoelectric switch. 3.根据权利要求1或2所述的带硬锁紧功能的水平轴微调装置,其特征在于:所述蜗杆限位装置包括分别设置在蜗杆左边和右边的两个立柱、设置在蜗杆上边的压簧、设置在蜗杆下边的解锁压簧;所述两个立柱的上端固定在固定架上;所述偏心轮与下边的解锁压簧接触。3. The horizontal axis fine-tuning device with hard locking function according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the worm limit device includes two columns respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the worm, and a vertical column arranged on the worm Stage clip, the release stage clip that is arranged on the bottom of the worm; the upper ends of the two columns are fixed on the fixed mount; the eccentric wheel is in contact with the release stage clip below. 4.根据权利要求3所述的带硬锁紧功能的水平轴微调装置,其特征在于:所述蜗轮和蜗杆的传动比为1:200。4. The horizontal axis fine-tuning device with hard locking function according to claim 3, characterized in that: the transmission ratio of the worm wheel to the worm is 1:200.
CN201410804878.0A 2014-12-20 2014-12-20 Horizontal shaft fine adjustment device with hard locking function Active CN104567926B (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2736805Y (en) * 2004-10-27 2005-10-26 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 Locking fine adjustment and unlocking device for horizontal shaft system
CN2738203Y (en) * 2004-09-02 2005-11-02 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 Azimuth fine adjustment and disengagement device
CN102628692A (en) * 2012-03-22 2012-08-08 湖北航天技术研究院总体设计所 Aircraft inertial navigation combination double-shaft self-calibration device
CN102759373A (en) * 2012-07-10 2012-10-31 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 Two-dimensional tracking rotary table locking and automatic unlocking mechanism
CN203171095U (en) * 2012-12-06 2013-09-04 通裕重工股份有限公司 Lathe auxiliary gear inserting system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2738203Y (en) * 2004-09-02 2005-11-02 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 Azimuth fine adjustment and disengagement device
CN2736805Y (en) * 2004-10-27 2005-10-26 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 Locking fine adjustment and unlocking device for horizontal shaft system
CN102628692A (en) * 2012-03-22 2012-08-08 湖北航天技术研究院总体设计所 Aircraft inertial navigation combination double-shaft self-calibration device
CN102759373A (en) * 2012-07-10 2012-10-31 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 Two-dimensional tracking rotary table locking and automatic unlocking mechanism
CN203171095U (en) * 2012-12-06 2013-09-04 通裕重工股份有限公司 Lathe auxiliary gear inserting system

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