CN104567870B - A kind of single pixel star sensor and its target starry sky detection method - Google Patents

A kind of single pixel star sensor and its target starry sky detection method Download PDF

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CN104567870B
CN104567870B CN201510050632.3A CN201510050632A CN104567870B CN 104567870 B CN104567870 B CN 104567870B CN 201510050632 A CN201510050632 A CN 201510050632A CN 104567870 B CN104567870 B CN 104567870B
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equipment
optical
spatial light
target
light modulator
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CN104567870A (en
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杨然
李明飞
赵连洁
霍娟
张安宁
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China Aerospace Times Electronics Corp
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of single pixel star sensor and its target starry sky detection method, including light shield, optical telescope, spatial light modulator, single-photon detecting measurement equipment, electronics readout equipment, spaceborne time-frequency device and data processing onboard equipment.Back reflection is modulated by spatial light modulator through the optical signalling that light shield and optical telescope are collected and enters single-photon detecting measurement equipment, time synchronized is carried out to the optical signalling and spatial light modulator of acquisition by spaceborne time-frequency device, and the optical signalling after the modulation matrix called in data processing onboard equipment to spatial light modulator from data processing onboard equipment and modulation is handled.Using quantum imaging technique is calculated, optical signalling is converged, is modulated by spatial light modulator, then access single-photon detector, imaging of the single pixel to starry sky is realized in calculating, and the present invention is easier to detect dark celestial body, and detectivity greatly improves.

Description

A kind of single pixel star sensor and its target starry sky detection method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of star sensor based on quantum imaging technology and its target starry sky detection method, especially one Kind single pixel star sensor and its target starry sky detection method, belong to star sensor field.
Background technology
Star sensor is most succeeded in developing early in eighties of last century the fifties, is mainly used in aircraft and missile guidance.So far The development of three phases is lived through, the space flight and aviation device such as guided missile, aircraft, spaceship, satellite is widely used to, is related to more Individual fields of measurement.More several conventional sensors, star sensor have precision it is high, it is in light weight, low in energy consumption, without drift and work The advantages that mode is more.The star sensor of early stage uses image dissector, and as sensitive detection parts, this constructing apparatus is relatively simple, mainly should For ground instruments such as large-scale astronomical telescope and missile guidances, but due to the limitation of image dissector itself simulation stability, it is impossible to Meet high-precision requirement.
1974, U.S. jet laboratory (JPL) started to develop second generation star sensor --- --- CCD stars sensitivity Device, compared with the star sensor of first stage, CCD star sensors have high-resolution, radiation resistance, geometric optics linearly strong etc. excellent Gesture, it is small with respect to visual field, although single star measurement accuracy is high, still, single star identification and Attitude Calculation too complex are quick with clock star The quality and volume of sensor are also bigger;To last century the nineties, in order to meet the strict demand of space flight device, based on light , precision optical machinery, electronics and computer technology increase substantially, and second generation CCD star sensors start to occur, of new generation Star sensor has the advantages such as visual field is big, star catalogue is small, more there is the function of independent navigation.Current Domestic is in the world using more Or CCD star sensors, but no matter the first generation or second generation star sensor, CCD star sensors are all based on the development of CCD camera Level, it is limited to the parameters such as CCD pixel number.
The content of the invention
The present invention technology solve problem be, in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, there is provided a kind of single pixel star sensor and its Target starry sky detection method, the present invention utilize single-photon detecting measurement equipment based on this brand-new optical field detection mode of quantum imaging Optical signalling after space exploration light modulator modulates, to weak light detection efficiency high, therefore detection faint star ability is strong, utilizes simultaneously Intensity related algorithm and appropriate signal processing algorithm can greatly suppress ambient noise, have broad application prospects.
The present invention technical solution be:A kind of single pixel star sensor, including light shield, optical telescope, space Optical modulator, single-photon detecting measurement equipment, electronics readout equipment, spaceborne time-frequency device, data processing onboard equipment;
Light shield be arranged on optical telescope before, for blocking the veiling glare from non-targeted celestial body, be greatly reduced into Enter the noise of optical telescope;
Optical telescope is used to converge the light from target celestial body;
Spaceborne time-frequency device provides absolute time standard for spatial light modulator and electronics readout equipment, while to space Optical modulator and electronics readout equipment carry out time synchronized;
Spatial light modulator includes micro mirror array and controller, and micro mirror array is placed in the optical focal plane of optical telescope On so that target starry sky is imaged on micro mirror array by optical telescope;
Controller from the different modulation matrix of data processing onboard equipment calls to micro mirror array by being modulated, micro mirror Array reflexes to the optical signalling after modulation on single-photon detecting measurement equipment;
Single-photon detecting measurement equipment receives the optical signalling after micro mirror array modulation, and by the optical signalling after modulating through light Electricity is converted to electric signal and is sent into electronics readout equipment, and the electric signal is read by electronics readout equipment;
The data matrix for the random distribution being largely made up of 0 and 1 is prestored in data processing onboard equipment as empty Between optical modulator modulation matrix;When single pixel star sensor works, controller from data processing onboard equipment calls by adjusting Matrix processed is modulated to the micro mirror array of spatial light modulator, corresponds to single-photon detecting to modulation matrix and the modulation matrix afterwards The distribution of light intensity signal of measurement equipment output carries out intensity correlation calculating, so as to obtain the image of target celestial body;According to the target satellite The image of body, accurate location of the target celestial body in starry sky is obtained by asterism extraction and star identification;Existed according to the target celestial body Positional information in starry sky, by Attitude Calculation, obtain being loaded with the posture position information of the satellite of the single pixel star sensor, pass The control system of the satellite is defeated by, to adjust the posture of the satellite.
Described electronics readout equipment also carries out noise reduction pretreatment, record to the electric signal obtained by single-photon detecting measurement equipment The arrival time of the electric signal;Meanwhile each modulation matrix that spaceborne time-frequency device calls to spatial light modulator respectively The electric signal of input time and record stamps same label.
Described spaceborne time-frequency device includes satellite atomic clock, GPS and time synchronism equipment, satellite atomic clock and GPS is used to provide absolute time standard for spatial light modulator and electronics readout equipment, and time synchronism equipment is used for Time synchronized is carried out to spatial light modulator and electronics readout equipment.
A kind of target starry sky detection method of single pixel star sensor, step are as follows:
(1) posture of light shield and optical telescope is adjusted, them is directed at the nautical star in detection day area;
(2) visible ray that step (1) nautical star in visual field is sent is converged in by Jiao by light shield and optical telescope In plane so that the visible ray that nautical star is sent, i.e. target starry sky, imaged on micro mirror array, realized by optical telescope The optical imagery of target starry sky;
(3) controller of spatial light modulator to receiving by from data processing onboard equipment calls modulation matrix, walking Suddenly the micro mirror array of the optical imagery of the target starry sky of (2) is modulated, and to modulate the optical imagery of target starry sky, i.e. optics is believed Number;
(4) optical signalling after the photon counter of single photon detection equipment utilization itself is modulated to step (3) is visited After survey, then exported after the optical signalling is converted into electric signal, deliver to electronics readout equipment and recorded;
(5) during the input for each modulation matrix that spaceborne time-frequency device calls to spatial light modulator step (3) respectively Between and the electric signal of step (4) stamp same label, export to data processing onboard equipment;
(6) data processing onboard equipment corresponds to single-photon detecting measurement equipment to the modulation matrix of step (3) with the modulation matrix The distribution of light intensity signal of output carries out intensity correlation calculating, obtains the image of target celestial body.
The beneficial effect of the present invention compared with prior art is:
(1), detectivity is high
Utilization space optical modulator of the present invention carries out spatial light tune according to the mode of operation of step (3) to the optical signal of reception System, and detected using the distribution of light intensity signal after the single-photon detecting measurement equipment system of exchanging, weak light detection ability is greatly improved, Picture is calculated as to target starry sky finally by intensity correlation method, therefore is easier to detect dark celestial body using the present invention, Detectivity greatly improves.
(2), speed of detection is very fast
Because present invention utilizes spatial light modulator and single-photon detecting measurement equipment detection distribution of light intensity signal, contrast are other The star sensor of type, have to the detectivity of faint star and greatly improve, therefore need to only scan narrower visual field and be obtained with Available for the celestial body number of navigation, therefore speed of detection is improved.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of the single pixel star sensor of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the target starry sky detection method flow chart of the single pixel star sensor of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be further described in detail.
A kind of single pixel star sensor, including light shield, optical telescope, spatial light modulator, single-photon detecting measurement equipment, Electronics readout equipment, spaceborne time-frequency device, data processing onboard equipment, wherein, before light shield is arranged on optical telescope, use In blocking the veiling glare from the non-targeted celestial body such as the sun, the moon, the earth, so that the noise for entering optical telescope is greatly reduced; Optical telescope is used to converge the light from target celestial body;Spaceborne time-frequency device is that spatial light modulator and electronics read and set It is standby that absolute time standard is provided, while time synchronized is carried out to spatial light modulator and electronics readout equipment;Space light modulation Device includes micro mirror array and controller, and micro mirror array is placed on the optical focal plane of optical telescope so that target starry sky passes through Optical telescope is imaged on micro mirror array;Controller by from the different modulation matrix of data processing onboard equipment calls to micro- Lens array is modulated, and micro mirror array reflexes to the optical signalling after modulation on single-photon detecting measurement equipment;Single photon detection is set The standby optical signalling received after micro mirror array modulation, and be that electric signal is sent into electricity through opto-electronic conversion by the optical signalling after modulating Son learns readout equipment, and the electric signal is read by electronics readout equipment;Prestored in data processing onboard equipment largely by 0 With modulation matrix of the data matrix as spatial light modulator of the random distribution of 1 composition;When single pixel star sensor works, control Device processed is right afterwards by being modulated from data processing onboard equipment calls modulation matrix to the micro mirror array of spatial light modulator The distribution of light intensity signal that modulation matrix corresponds to the output of single-photon detecting measurement equipment with the modulation matrix carries out intensity correlation calculating, so as to Obtain the image of target celestial body;According to the image of the target celestial body, target celestial body is obtained in star by asterism extraction and star identification Aerial accurate location;According to the positional information of the target celestial body in starry sky, by Attitude Calculation, obtain being loaded with the single pixel The posture position information of the satellite of star sensor, the control system of the satellite is transferred to, to adjust the posture of the satellite.
Further, electronics readout equipment also carries out noise reduction pretreatment to the electric signal obtained by single-photon detecting measurement equipment, Record the arrival time of the electric signal;Meanwhile each modulation square that spaceborne time-frequency device calls to spatial light modulator respectively The input time of battle array and the electric signal of record stamp same label.
Further, spaceborne time-frequency device includes satellite atomic clock, GPS and time synchronism equipment, wherein, it is spaceborne Atomic clock and GPS are used to provide absolute time standard, time synchronized for spatial light modulator and electronics readout equipment Equipment is used to carry out time synchronized to spatial light modulator and electronics readout equipment.
As shown in figure 1, light shield, optical telescope, space light modulation are included according to the single pixel star sensor of the present invention Device, single-photon detecting measurement equipment, electronics readout equipment, spaceborne time-frequency device, data processing onboard equipment.
Before light shield is arranged on optical telescope, non-targeted celestial body (for example, the sun, the moon, earth) is come from for blocking Veiling glare, be greatly reduced enter optical telescope noise;Optical telescope is used to converge the light from target celestial body; Optical telescope is made up of optical lens group and machinery mount.Its concrete structure design can be adjusted according to actual conditions.
Spaceborne time-frequency device provides absolute time standard for spatial light modulator and electronics readout equipment, while to space Optical modulator and electronics readout equipment carry out time synchronized;Spaceborne time-frequency device include satellite atomic clock, GPS and when Between synchronizer, wherein, satellite atomic clock and GPS are used to provide absolutely for spatial light modulator and electronics readout equipment To time standard, time synchronism equipment is used to carry out time synchronized to spatial light modulator and electronics readout equipment.Specifically, Time synchronism equipment can be realized using time synchronized control circuit.
Spatial light modulator includes micro mirror array and controller, and micro mirror array is placed in the optical focal plane of optical telescope On so that target starry sky is imaged on micro mirror array by optical telescope;Generally, the micro mirror array of spatial light modulator can match somebody with somebody Drive circuit and cooling device are put, for enabling micro mirror array to obtain the image that optical telescope converges to obtain in real time.
Controller from the different modulation matrix of data processing onboard equipment calls to micro mirror array by being modulated, micro mirror Array reflexes to the optical signalling after modulation on single-photon detecting measurement equipment.
Single-photon detecting measurement equipment receives the optical signalling after micro mirror array modulation, and by the optical signalling after modulating through light Electricity is converted to electric signal and is sent into electronics readout equipment, and the electric signal is read by electronics readout equipment.
Electronics readout equipment also carries out noise reduction pretreatment to the electric signal obtained by single-photon detecting measurement equipment, records the telecommunications Number arrival time;Meanwhile spaceborne time-frequency device respectively to spatial light modulator call each modulation matrix input when Between and record electric signal stamp same label.
The data matrix for the random distribution being largely made up of 0 and 1 is prestored in data processing onboard equipment as empty Between optical modulator modulation matrix;When single pixel star sensor works, controller from data processing onboard equipment calls by adjusting Matrix processed is modulated to the micro mirror array of spatial light modulator, corresponds to single-photon detecting to modulation matrix and the modulation matrix afterwards The distribution of light intensity signal of measurement equipment output carries out intensity correlation calculating, so as to obtain the image of target celestial body;According to the target satellite The image of body, accurate location of the target celestial body in starry sky is obtained by asterism extraction and star identification;Existed according to the target celestial body Positional information in starry sky, by Attitude Calculation, obtain being loaded with the posture position information of the satellite of the single pixel star sensor, pass The control system of the satellite is defeated by, to adjust the posture of the satellite.
As shown in Fig. 2 a kind of specific workflow of the target starry sky detection of single pixel star sensor of the present invention is:
(1) posture of light shield and optical telescope is adjusted, them is directed at the nautical star in detection day area;
(2) visible ray that step (1) nautical star in visual field is sent is converged in by Jiao by light shield and optical telescope In plane so that the visible ray that nautical star is sent, i.e. target starry sky, imaged on micro mirror array, realized by optical telescope The optical imagery of target starry sky;
(3) controller of spatial light modulator to receiving by from data processing onboard equipment calls modulation matrix, walking Suddenly the micro mirror array of the optical imagery of the target starry sky of (2) is modulated, and to modulate the optical imagery of target starry sky, i.e. optics is believed Number;
(4) optical signalling after the photon counter of single photon detection equipment utilization itself is modulated to step (3) is visited After survey, then exported after the optical signalling is converted into electric signal, deliver to electronics readout equipment and recorded;
(5) during the input for each modulation matrix that spaceborne time-frequency device calls to spatial light modulator step (3) respectively Between and the electric signal of step (4) stamp same label, export to data processing onboard equipment;
(6) data processing onboard equipment corresponds to single-photon detecting measurement equipment to the modulation matrix of step (3) with the modulation matrix The distribution of light intensity signal of output carries out intensity correlation calculating, obtains the image of target celestial body;Data processing onboard equipment is further By nautical star recognizer and posture filtering algorithm etc., sentence star, the positioning of single star, star identification, star sensor attitude angle and The calculating processing of spacecraft attitude angle, determines sensing of the star sensor optical axis relative to inertial coodinate system, provides star sensor place Posture four element of the spacecraft under inertial coodinate system.
Here, it should be noted that the content not being described in detail in this specification, is that those skilled in the art pass through this theory What description and prior art in bright book can be realized, therefore, do not repeat.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.For ability For the technical staff in domain, on the premise of not paying creative work, some modification and replacement can be made to the present invention, All such modifications and replacement should be all included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of single pixel star sensor, it is characterised in that including light shield, optical telescope, spatial light modulator, single photon Detecting devices, electronics readout equipment, spaceborne time-frequency device, data processing onboard equipment;
Before light shield is arranged on optical telescope, for blocking the veiling glare from non-targeted celestial body, enter light to be greatly reduced Learn the noise of telescope;
Optical telescope is used to converge the light from target celestial body;
Spaceborne time-frequency device provides absolute time standard for spatial light modulator and electronics readout equipment, while spatial light is adjusted Device and electronics readout equipment processed carries out time synchronized;
Spatial light modulator includes micro mirror array and controller, and micro mirror array is placed on the optical focal plane of optical telescope, made Target starry sky is obtained to image on micro mirror array by optical telescope;
Controller from the different modulation matrix of data processing onboard equipment calls to micro mirror array by being modulated, micro mirror array Optical signalling after modulation is reflexed on single-photon detecting measurement equipment;
Single-photon detecting measurement equipment receives the optical signalling after micro mirror array modulation, and the optical signalling after modulating is turned through photoelectricity Electric signal is changed to, the magnitude of voltage of output light field strength signal, is sent into electronics readout equipment, being read by electronics readout equipment should Electric signal;
The data matrix for the random distribution being largely made up of 0 and 1 is prestored in data processing onboard equipment as spatial light The modulation matrix of modulator;When single pixel star sensor works, controller from data processing onboard equipment calls by modulating square Battle array is modulated to the micro mirror array of spatial light modulator, afterwards to single photon detection corresponding to modulation matrix and the modulation matrix The magnitude of voltage of the distribution of light intensity signal of equipment output carries out intensity correlation calculating, so as to obtain the image of target celestial body;According to this The image of target celestial body, accurate location of the target celestial body in starry sky is obtained by asterism extraction and star identification;According to the target Accurate location of the celestial body in starry sky, by Attitude Calculation, obtain being loaded with the posture position of the satellite of the single pixel star sensor Information, the control system of the satellite is transferred to, to adjust the posture of the satellite.
A kind of 2. single pixel star sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described electronics readout equipment is also Noise reduction pretreatment is carried out to the electric signal obtained by single-photon detecting measurement equipment, records the arrival time of the electric signal;Meanwhile when spaceborne The input time for each modulation matrix that frequency device calls to spatial light modulator respectively and the electric signal of record are stamped identical Label.
A kind of 3. single pixel star sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Described spaceborne time-frequency device includes Satellite atomic clock, GPS and time synchronism equipment, satellite atomic clock and GPS be used for for spatial light modulator and Electronics readout equipment provides absolute time standard, and time synchronism equipment is used for spatial light modulator and electronics readout equipment Carry out time synchronized.
4. the target starry sky detection method of a kind of single pixel star sensor, it is characterised in that step is as follows:
(1) posture of light shield and optical telescope is adjusted, them is directed at the nautical star in detection day area;
(2) visible ray that step (1) nautical star in visual field is sent is converged in by focal plane by light shield and optical telescope On so that the visible ray that nautical star is sent, i.e. target starry sky, imaged in by optical telescope on micro mirror array, realize target The optical imagery of starry sky;
(3) controller of spatial light modulator is by from data processing onboard equipment calls modulation matrix, to receiving step (2) The micro mirror array of optical imagery of target starry sky be modulated, to modulate the optical imagery of target starry sky, i.e. optical signalling;
(4) after the optical signalling after the photon counter of single photon detection equipment utilization itself is modulated to step (3) detects, Exported after the optical signalling is converted into electric signal again, deliver to electronics readout equipment and recorded;
(5) spaceborne time-frequency device respectively to spatial light modulator step (3) call each modulation matrix input time and The electric signal of step (4) stamps same label, exports to data processing onboard equipment;
(6) data processing onboard equipment corresponds to the output of single-photon detecting measurement equipment to the modulation matrix of step (3) with the modulation matrix Distribution of light intensity signal carry out intensity correlation calculating, obtain target celestial body image.
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