CN104567831A - Easily precipitated water quality open channel flow measuring instrument and measurement method thereof - Google Patents
Easily precipitated water quality open channel flow measuring instrument and measurement method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104567831A CN104567831A CN201510057998.3A CN201510057998A CN104567831A CN 104567831 A CN104567831 A CN 104567831A CN 201510057998 A CN201510057998 A CN 201510057998A CN 104567831 A CN104567831 A CN 104567831A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C13/00—Surveying specially adapted to open water, e.g. sea, lake, river or canal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C13/00—Surveying specially adapted to open water, e.g. sea, lake, river or canal
- G01C13/008—Surveying specially adapted to open water, e.g. sea, lake, river or canal measuring depth of open water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of sludge flow measurement and in particular relates to an easily precipitated water quality open channel flow measuring instrument and a measurement method thereof. The open channel flow can be accurately measured on line in real line and is not influenced by the sludge precipitation thickness, and the problem that the open channel flow is inaccurate to measure is solved. In order to achieve the aim, according to the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the measuring instrument comprises a photoelectric type sludge thickness measuring part, a liquid impact force and flow velocity measuring part, a handheld terminal and a data processing mainboard, wherein the photoelectric type sludge thickness measuring part is connected to a signal output port of a mainboard shell via a communication line by virtue of a transmitting board; the liquid impact force and flow velocity measuring part is connected to a force measuring signal port of the mainboard shell by virtue of a force measuring signal line; the handheld terminal is connected to an RS485 communication port of the mainboard shell by virtue of an RS485 data communication line; and the data processing mainboard is respectively connected with the signal output port, a signal receiving port, the force measuring signal port and the RS485 communication port.
Description
One, technical field
The invention belongs to mud flow measurement technical field, be specifically related to a kind of easily precipitation water quality open channel flow rate measuring instrument and measuring method thereof.
Two, background technology
There is in all rivers, canal, artificial tunnel the water movement of Free Surface, be all called open-channel flow.The all urban water supply flumes of Open Channels Flowmeter applied field, Cooling Water From Thermal Power Plants diversion and catch gutter, waste water control flow into and discharge canal, industrial and mining enterprises' discharge of wastewater and hydraulic engineering and agricultural irrigation channel.At present, the domestic application aspect in flow rate calculation and measuring method is in the budding stage on the whole, achieves certain achievement, but also has very large gap compared with abroad.
Conventional open channel flow rate instrument can be divided into weir method, flow measurement channel process, flow velocity-water-level gauge algorithm and electromagnetic flowmeter method substantially by measuring principle.The pumping equipment that open channel is commonly used as colliery, due to its specific environment for use, mixes the particle such as cinder, earth and a small amount of rubbish unavoidably in water in a canal.When these cinders, earth are slowly deposited in open channel, meeting slowly raising of water level, the open channel flow rate measuring instrument before installed needs when measuring flow to use the distance of weir plate to surface level, due to contamination precipitation, the weir plate that such sensor records is just inaccurate to the distance of surface level, the flow calculated thus is naturally just inaccurate, it is same in flume flow meter is measured, if deposit impurity at trunnion upstream side, what so record will be higher relative to the water level h of the upstream side at the bottom of trunnion, and the flow recorded like this is obviously inaccurate.Therefore all there is same problem in which kind of measuring method above: silt deposit thickness has impact to flow measurement accuracy.
Current meter can be divided into again rotating element current meter and non-rotating element current meter its working method.Rotating element current meter is simple, practical, but without automated system interface; Non-rotating element current meter mainly contains time difference method ultrasonic current metre, electric flow meter and supersonic Doppler current meter etc.: though time difference method ultrasonic current metre can be connected with automatic monitoring system interface, and install difficulty, silt has impact to measuring distance; Boating type Doppler profile flow velocity measuring system is not suitable for long-time monitoring, also there is the problem of influence to sediment measuring distance; Horizontal Doppler profile flow velocity measuring system can be accessed by monitoring system long term monitoring, but still there is the problem of influence to sediment measuring distance.
For solving the problem, it is very necessary for developing a kind of open channel flow rate measuring instrument solving silt deposit thickness effect measuring accuracy.
Three, summary of the invention
The present invention, in order to solve the weak point in above-mentioned background technology, provides a kind of easily precipitation water quality open channel flow rate measuring instrument and measuring method thereof.It can be real-time, online, measure open channel flow rate accurately and not by the impact of silt deposit thickness, solve open channel flow rate and measure this difficult problem inaccurate.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of easily precipitation water quality open channel flow rate measuring instrument, it is characterized in that: comprise photo-electric surveying on sludge thickness parts, liquid impulse force fluid-velocity survey parts, handheld terminal and data processing mainboard, described photo-electric surveying on sludge thickness parts are connected as a whole with liquid impulse force fluid-velocity survey parts by screw rod; Described photo-electric surveying on sludge thickness parts are connected to by expelling plate order wire on the signal output port of mainboard shell, be connected on the receiver port of mainboard shell by dash receiver order wire, described liquid impulse force fluid-velocity survey parts are connected to the dynamometry signal port of mainboard shell by dynamometry signal wire, described handheld terminal is connected in the RS485 communication port of mainboard shell by RS485 data telecommunication line, and described data processing mainboard is connected with signal output port, receiver port, dynamometry signal port and RS485 communication port respectively.
Described photo-electric surveying on sludge thickness parts comprise the shell bottom plate and sheath top plate one that are parallel to each other, perpendicular expelling plate shell and dash receiver shell is provided with between described shell bottom plate and sheath top plate one, described expelling plate shell is embedded with expelling plate, described dash receiver shell is embedded with dash receiver;
Described expelling plate is equidistantly distributed with several light emitting diodes, and described expelling plate is sealed on expelling plate shell by marine glue;
Described dash receiver is equidistantly distributed with several phototriodes, and described dash receiver is sealed on dash receiver shell by marine glue;
The lamp holder one_to_one corresponding of described light emitting diode and phototriode;
Described expelling plate shell and dash receiver shell are respectively arranged with expelling plate communication port and dash receiver communication port.
Described liquid impulse force fluid-velocity survey parts comprise sheath top plate two, and described sheath top plate two is connected with LOAD CELLS by sensor set bolt, and one end of described sheath top plate two is connected with force rod by rotating shaft.
Described sheath top plate two has also been bolted mainboard shell, and described mainboard enclosure is fixed with data processing mainboard.
Described LOAD CELLS is connected on dynamometry signal port by dynamometry signal wire.
Described handheld terminal is connected with data processing mainboard, for carrying out optimum configurations by RS485 data telecommunication line.
Described photo-electric surveying on sludge thickness parts are combined for measuring water level, position, mud position with data processing mainboard; Described liquid impulse force fluid-velocity survey parts are combined the flow velocity for measuring current with data processing mainboard; Described handheld terminal is used for parameters.
The measuring method of described a kind of easy precipitation water quality open channel flow rate measuring instrument, is characterized in that described method step is:
(1) position installed instruments is selected: select front and back water speed that is smooth at the bottom of channel rule, canal, installation site local comparatively stably;
(2) record installation parameter: the distance from bottom shell bottom plate 3 ~ 5cm regulating force rod, record this distance as force rod height; Measure width of the channel, rotating shaft to the distance l of LOAD CELLS stress point
1, the distance l bottom rotating shaft to force rod
2, the width of force rod is l
wide;
(3) instrument loads open channel: installation site measurement mechanism entirety being put into selection, shell bottom plate and the low close contact of canal, current flow through on shell bottom plate, along water (flow) direction, first through liquid impulse force fluid-velocity survey parts, then through photo-electric surveying on sludge thickness parts;
(4) determine to calibrate flow velocity: use method of standard table to measure bottom, centre, surface and the force rod water speed at same water-carrying section place respectively, show that a metastable mean value is as calibration flow velocity;
(5) use handheld terminal parameters: arrange the parameter of record, calibration flow velocity in data processing mainboard, the current observation interface turning back to handheld terminal observes display data, comprises water level, mud position, temperature, flow, flow velocity, impulse force;
(6) data operation.
According to the parameter that the parameter collected and user are arranged, data processing mainboard carries out calculation process, obtains final water level, mud position, temperature, flow, flow velocity, impulse force.
First, data processing mainboard first calculates water level, mud position, temperature.According to the signal that temperature collection circuit collects, data processing mainboard directly computing can obtain temperature.According to the pedestal value that sampled value and the user of photo-electric surveying on sludge thickness parts are arranged, draw the height of water level, mud position;
Secondly, the force rod height arranged according to user draws actual force rod underwater penetration h (water level-force rod height);
3rd, calculate starting force F
0.The pressure F that the LOAD CELLS that data processing mainboard collects according to liquid impulse force fluid-velocity survey parts is subject to
pressure, and l
1, l
2, l
wide, h, calibration flow velocity, calculate starting force F
0.COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING formula is:
4th, calculate flow velocity v.The pressure F that data processing mainboard is subject to according to LOAD CELLS
pressure, and l
1, l
2, l
wide, h, starting force F
0, calculate actual water velocity according to above formula;
Finally, calculated flow rate.Height of water level deducts mud position and highly obtains the actual water-carrying section height not containing mud, according to the shape (trapezoidal, rectangle) of water-carrying section, calculate discharge section area accurately, in conjunction with the flow velocity calculated, utilize velocity-area method can obtain the flow of current: Q=vSt, wherein Q is water flow, and S is discharge section area, and t is the time.
(7) hydrologic monitoring system is accessed: the RS485 communication interface using RS485 order wire the RS485 communication port of measuring instrument to be connected to hydrologic monitoring system is built communication line between the two, measuring instrument is by the data upload that collects to hydrologic monitoring system software, and user just sees water level, mud position, temperature, flow, flow velocity, impulse force information at the real time data interface of hydrologic monitoring system software.
Compared with prior art, the advantage that has of the present invention and effect as follows: 1. multi-parameter monitoring: the multiple hydrologic parameters such as water velocity, silt depth, water level, water temperature, flow can be monitored;
2. online Real-Time Monitoring: this measuring instrument has system interface, can directly access hydrologic monitoring system, carry out treatment and analysis by hydrologic monitoring system to the hydrologic parameter monitored, and is applicable to long-time monitoring;
3. the impact of silt deposit thickness on accuracy of measurement is solved: this measuring instrument is when utilizing velocity-area method calculated flow rate, consider the impact of silt deposit thickness on current size, silt depth has been deducted when calculating, the area obtained is the direct cross-sectional area of current, therefore can calculate real channel flow value more accurately;
4. simple, convenient: this measuring instrument can be accessed by the system combined use of hydrologic monitoring, also can be used alone as portable set, simple to operate, easy to use.
The present invention mainly solves the technical barrier of open channel silt deposit thickness effect flow measurement accuracy, and on-line real time monitoring open channel flow rate and relevant hydrologic parameter in accessible hydrologic monitoring system, can create huge economic benefit and social benefit.
Four, accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the photo-electric surveying on sludge thickness modular construction figure in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the liquid impulse force fluid-velocity survey modular construction figure in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the enlarged drawing of dynamometry part in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the structural drawing of data processing mainboard;
Fig. 6 is the logic diagram of data processing mainboard;
Fig. 7 is power supply processing circuit schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 is processor and temperature acquisition, reset circuit schematic diagram;
Fig. 9 is addressing circuit theory diagrams;
Figure 10 is pressure acquisition circuit theory diagrams;
Figure 11 is memory circuitry schematic diagram;
Figure 12 is RS485 telecommunication circuit schematic diagram;
Figure 13 is expelling plate ultimate principle figure;
Figure 14 is dash receiver ultimate principle figure;
Figure 15 is terminal mainboard block diagram;
Figure 16 is the circuit theory diagrams of terminal mainboard except power supply processing section;
Figure 17 is film key circuit theory diagrams;
In figure, 1-expelling plate shell, 2-dash receiver shell, 3-expelling plate, 4-dash receiver, 5-light emitting diode, 6-phototriode, 7-marine glue, 8-shell set bolt, 9-shell bottom plate, 10-web joint, 11-sheath top plate one, 12-expelling plate communication port, 13-dash receiver communication port, 14-data processing mainboard, 15-signal output port, 16-receiver port, 17-RS485 communication port, 18-sheath top plate two, 19-LOAD CELLS, 20-sensor set bolt, 21-stress point, 22-force rod, 23-rotating shaft, 24-dynamometry signal port, 25-mainboard shell, 26-handheld terminal, 27-expelling plate order wire, 28-dash receiver order wire, 29-dynamometry signal wire, 30-RS485 data telecommunication line, 31-screw rod.
Five, embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail.
See Fig. 1-Fig. 5: a kind of easily precipitation water quality open channel flow rate measuring instrument, comprise photo-electric surveying on sludge thickness parts, liquid impulse force fluid-velocity survey parts, handheld terminal 26 and data processing mainboard 14, described photo-electric surveying on sludge thickness parts are connected as a whole with liquid impulse force fluid-velocity survey parts by screw rod 31, described photo-electric surveying on sludge thickness parts are connected on the signal output port 15 of the mainboard shell 25 of data processing mainboard 14 by expelling plate order wire 27, be connected on the receiver port 16 of the mainboard shell 25 of data processing mainboard 14 by dash receiver order wire 28, described liquid impulse force fluid-velocity survey parts are connected to the dynamometry signal port 24 of the mainboard shell 25 of data processing mainboard 14 by dynamometry signal wire 29, described handheld terminal 26 is connected to by RS485 data telecommunication line 30 in the RS485 communication port 17 of the mainboard shell 25 of data processing mainboard 14.Described data processing mainboard 14 is connected with signal output port 15, receiver port 16, dynamometry signal port 24 and RS485 communication port 17 respectively.
Described photo-electric surveying on sludge thickness parts comprise the shell bottom plate 9 and sheath top plate 1 that are parallel to each other, perpendicular expelling plate shell 1 and dash receiver shell 2 is provided with between described shell bottom plate 9 and sheath top plate 1, described expelling plate shell 1 is embedded with expelling plate 3, described dash receiver shell 2 is embedded with dash receiver 4;
Described expelling plate 3 is equidistantly distributed with several light emitting diodes 5, described light emitting diode 5 is embedded in expelling plate 3, and described expelling plate 3 is sealed on expelling plate shell 1 by marine glue 7, and the lamp holder of described light emitting diode 5 is not all sealed;
Described dash receiver 4 is equidistantly distributed with several phototriodes 6, described phototriode 6 is embedded in dash receiver 4, and described dash receiver 4 is sealed on dash receiver shell 2 by marine glue 7, and the lamp holder of described phototriode 6 is not all sealed;
Described light emitting diode 5 and the lamp holder one_to_one corresponding of phototriode 6; The spacing of described adjacent two light emitting diodes 5 is equal with the spacing of two neighboring photosensitive triodes 6.
Described expelling plate shell 1 and dash receiver shell 2 are respectively arranged with expelling plate communication port 12 and dash receiver communication port 13.
Described expelling plate communication port 12 one end is connected on expelling plate 3, the other end is connected on the signal output port 15 of the mainboard shell 25 of data processing mainboard 14, described dash receiver communication port 13 one end is connected on dash receiver 4, and the other end is connected on the receiver port 16 of the mainboard shell 25 of data processing mainboard 14.
Described data processing mainboard 14 is arranged in mainboard shell 25.
Liquid impulse force fluid-velocity survey parts comprise sheath top plate 2 18, described sheath top plate 2 18 by carbon steel or stainless-steel sheet are welded with two respectively fixed rotating shaft 23 form with the holder of LOAD CELLS 19, LOAD CELLS 19 is connected on holder by sensor set bolt 20 by described sheath top plate 2 18, described LOAD CELLS model is L6D-Cx-xxkg-0.4B, range can meet 2.5kg ~ 50kg, one end of described sheath top plate two is connected with force rod 22 by rotating shaft 23, described sheath top plate 2 18 has been bolted mainboard shell 25, described mainboard shell 25 inside is fixed with data processing mainboard 14, described LOAD CELLS 19 is connected to dynamometry signal port 24 by dynamometry signal wire 29.
Handheld terminal comprises terminal enclosure, LCDs, film key, terminal mainboard, RS485 communication port.Film key and LCDs are equipped with in the front of described terminal enclosure, and RS485 communication port is left in upper end, and the inside of terminal enclosure is fixed with terminal mainboard.Described terminal mainboard is connected with film key, LCDs, RS485 communication port, for completing setting, the Presentation Function of parameter.
Described expelling plate shell 1 is fixed in shell bottom plate 9 and sheath top plate 1 with the two ends of dash receiver shell 2 by shell set bolt 8 is vertical, described expelling plate shell 1 and dash receiver shell 2 arranged in parallel, middle to be fixed by web joint 10.
Photo-electric surveying on sludge thickness parts are combined with data processing mainboard, different according to the sampled value in different medium, calculate the thickness of mud, the height of water level, temperature.
Liquid impulse force fluid-velocity survey parts are combined with data processing mainboard, and the conversion pressure according to being applied in LOAD CELLS goes out impulsive force, then calculates flow velocity in conjunction with height of water level, silt depth.
First data processing mainboard utilizes water level to deduct mud position and obtains actual water-carrying section height, again according to the shape (trapezoidal, rectangle) of water-carrying section, accurately calculate not containing the area of the water-carrying section of silt depth, combine with flow velocity and utilize velocity-area method to obtain open channel flow rate accurately.
A kind of step of measuring method of easy precipitation water quality open channel flow rate measuring instrument is:
(1) position that installs instruments is selected: select that channel is more regular as far as possible, front and back water speed that is more smooth, installation site at the bottom of canal is local comparatively stably;
(2) record installation parameter: the distance from bottom shell bottom plate 3 ~ 5cm regulating force rod, record this distance as force rod height; Measure width of the channel, rotating shaft to the distance l of LOAD CELLS stress point
1, the distance l bottom rotating shaft to force rod
2, the width of force rod is l
wide;
(3) instrument loads open channel: installation site measurement mechanism entirety being put into selection, shell bottom plate and the low close contact of canal, current flow through on shell bottom plate.Along water (flow) direction, first through liquid impulse force fluid-velocity survey parts, then through photo-electric surveying on sludge thickness parts;
(4) determine to calibrate flow velocity: use method of standard table to measure bottom, middle, surperficial etc. with the water speed of force rod at same water-carrying section place respectively, calculating a metastable mean flow rate as calibrating flow velocity, calibrating for flow velocity;
(5) use handheld terminal parameters: arrange the parameter of record, calibration flow velocity in data processing mainboard, the current observation interface turning back to handheld terminal observes display data, comprises water level, mud position, temperature, flow, flow velocity, impulse force.
(6) data operation.
According to the parameter that the parameter collected and user are arranged, data processing mainboard carries out calculation process, obtains final water level, mud position, temperature, flow, flow velocity, impulse force.
First, data processing mainboard first calculates water level, mud position, temperature.According to the signal that temperature collection circuit collects, data processing mainboard directly computing can obtain temperature.According to the pedestal value that sampled value and the user of photo-electric surveying on sludge thickness parts are arranged, draw the height of water level, mud position;
Secondly, the force rod height arranged according to user draws actual force rod underwater penetration h (water level-force rod height);
3rd, calculate starting force F
0.The pressure F that the LOAD CELLS that data processing mainboard collects according to liquid impulse force fluid-velocity survey parts is subject to
pressure, and l
1, l
2, l
wide, h, calibration flow velocity, calculate starting force F
0.COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING formula is:
4th, calculate flow velocity v.The pressure F that data processing mainboard is subject to according to LOAD CELLS
pressure, and l
1, l
2, l
wide, h, starting force F
0, calculate actual water velocity according to above formula.
Finally, calculated flow rate.Height of water level deducts mud position and highly obtains the actual water-carrying section height not containing mud, according to the shape (trapezoidal, rectangle) of water-carrying section, calculate discharge section area accurately, in conjunction with the flow velocity calculated, utilize velocity-area method can obtain the flow of current: Q=vSt, wherein Q is water flow, and S is discharge section area, and t is the time.
(7) hydrologic monitoring system is accessed: the RS485 communication interface using RS485 order wire the RS485 communication port of measuring instrument to be connected to hydrologic monitoring system is built communication line between the two.Measuring instrument is by the data upload that collects to hydrologic monitoring system software, and user just can see water level, mud position, temperature, flow, flow velocity, impulse force information at the real time data interface of hydrologic monitoring system software.
See Fig. 6: described data processing mainboard 14 comprises processor circuit, power supply processing circuit, reset circuit, memory circuitry, RS485 telecommunication circuit, addressing circuit, pressure acquisition circuit and temperature collection circuit, described processor circuit respectively with draw together processor circuit, power supply processing circuit, reset circuit, memory circuitry, RS485 telecommunication circuit, addressing circuit, pressure acquisition circuit is connected with temperature collection circuit, power supply processing circuit respectively with reset circuit, memory circuitry, RS485 telecommunication circuit, addressing circuit, pressure acquisition circuit is connected with temperature collection circuit.
See Fig. 7: described power supply processing circuit each chip be mainly on data processing mainboard 14 provides the function of Power supply, DC_IN in figure is external 18V direct current supply, the voltage that VCC representative exports is that 3.3V, GND represent power supply ground, powers to each chip.
See Fig. 8: the master chip of described processor circuit is single-chip microcomputer MSP430F5438A, for completing the control of each several part circuit, the collection of parameter, computing.13, be connected with the crystal oscillator of 32768HZ between 14 pins, be connected with the crystal oscillator of 16MHZ between 89,90 pins, two crystal oscillators provide the clock signal of needs for each chip.2,3 pins are connected to the signal output port 15 of data processing mainboard 14, for being connected with expelling plate 3, control the luminescence of light emitting diode 5,17 ~ 24 pins are connected to the receiver port 16 of data processing mainboard 14, for being connected with dash receiver 4, it is a part for addressing circuit.
The master chip of described temperature collection circuit is DS18B20, and its pin two is connected with 26 pins of MSP430F5438A, for completing the acquisition function of temperature.
The master chip of described reset circuit is SP706SEN, and its pin 6,7 is connected with the pin 79,96 of MSP430F5438A respectively.
See Fig. 9: the master chip of described addressing circuit is CD4051BCM chip, its pin 9,10,11 is connected with pin two 5,24,23 pin of MSP430F5438A respectively; Its pin one 3,14,15,12,1,5,2,4 is connected respectively to the Signal reception mouth port one 6 of data processing mainboard, for being connected with dash receiver.Its circuit number in the figure is that the end points of TA is connected with 97 pins of MSP430F5438A, and the signal for being received by phototriode on dash receiver is input in MSP430F5438A and carries out computing.
See Figure 10: the master chip of described pressure acquisition circuit is ADS1246 chip, for gathering the pressure size that LOAD CELLS is subject to.3,4,11,12,13,14,15,16 pins of chip ADS1246 are connected with the pin 43,47,48,49,31,32,50,51 of chip MSP430F5438A respectively, are controlled, computing by the collection of MSP430F5438A to pressure.
See Figure 11: the master chip of described memory circuitry is 24LC1025, and 5,6,7 pins are connected with 69,70,68 pins respectively.
See Figure 12: the master chip of described RS485 telecommunication circuit is ADM2483, its pin 3,4,6 is connected with the pin 81,82,80 of MSP430F5438A respectively, for carrying out the transmitting-receiving of RS485 signal; Port 485B, 485A are used for communicating with other external units or software.
See Figure 13: expelling plate 3 partial circuit plate forms primarily of N number of light emitting diode and Shifting chip SN74HC164, and light emitting diode is lighted in the control according to data processing mainboard.
Described expelling plate 3 realizes the sequential illumination of multiple lamp primarily of Shifting chip SN74HC164.SN74HC164 is 8 bit strings and conversion and control chip, is mainly used in digital circuit and the application of LED display control circuit, and this product it can be used as 8 passages to export LED and drives special chip use.To this chip high level signal, output pin is shifted successively, LED sequential illumination, simultaneously using the input signal of the output signal of last pin of this chip controls as next chip, recursion is gone down thus, can realize the sequential illumination of multiple lamp.
See Figure 14: dash receiver 4 partial circuit plate forms primarily of N number of phototriode and multiplexer MM74HC4051, when expelling plate is luminous, the light signal that the fluorescent tube that dash receiver is corresponding will receive some strength carries out conducting, different according to the power of light signal, switch on intensity is different, data processing mainboard calculates according to the intensity of each fluorescent tube received, thus judges water level mud position.Dash receiver mainly uses device phototriode PT333, the conducting when receiving the light of power valve, and according to receiving light intensity difference, conducting varies in size; Multiplexer MM74HC4051 completes addressing function together with the CD4051BCM on mainboard, selects the fluorescent tube needing to export collection signal.
See Figure 15: described handheld terminal mainboard comprises power supply processing circuit, processor circuit, reset circuit, RS485 telecommunication circuit, LCD interface circuit, keyboard interface circuit, described processor circuit is connected with power supply processing circuit, reset circuit, RS485 telecommunication circuit, LCD interface circuit and keyboard interface circuit respectively, and power supply processing circuit is connected with reset circuit, RS485 telecommunication circuit, LCD interface circuit and keyboard interface circuit respectively;
See Fig. 7: the function that described power supply processing circuit is mainly each chip on terminal mainboard, LCDs, film key provide Power supply.
See Figure 16: the master chip of described processor circuit is single-chip microcomputer MSP430F5438A, for completing the control of each several part circuit.13, be connected with the crystal oscillator of 32768HZ between 14 pins, be connected with the crystal oscillator of 16MHZ between 89,90 pins, two crystal oscillators provide the clock signal of needs for each chip.The master chip of described reset circuit is SP706SEN, and its pin 6,7 is connected with the pin 79,96 of MSP430F5438A respectively.The master chip of described RS485 telecommunication circuit is ADM2483, and its pin 3,4,6 is connected with the pin 40,33,39 of MSP430F5438A respectively, for carrying out the transmitting-receiving of RS485 signal; Port 485B, 485A are used for and other external device communications.The external interface of described LCD interface circuit is YJ1, the LCDs being mainly KYDZ12864C-3.3V with model is connected, each pin of interface YJ1 is connected with the respective pin of the MSP430F5438A on terminal mainboard, and pin corresponding relation provides in the drawings.The external interface of described keyboard interface circuit is CZ1, and its 1 ~ 8 pin is connected with 17 ~ 24 pins of MSP430F5438A respectively, and 12 pin are connected with 1 pin of SP706SEN, for completing reset function.
See Figure 17: described film key by numerical key 0 ~ 9, ". ", " ← ", " → ", " confirmation ", " ON/OFF ", " reset " totally 16 buttons form, the circuit theory diagrams of film key provide in fig. 17.
Claims (8)
1. one kind easily precipitates water quality open channel flow rate measuring instrument, it is characterized in that: comprise photo-electric surveying on sludge thickness parts, liquid impulse force fluid-velocity survey parts, handheld terminal (26) and data processing mainboard (14), described photo-electric surveying on sludge thickness parts are connected as a whole with liquid impulse force fluid-velocity survey parts by screw rod (31), described photo-electric surveying on sludge thickness parts are connected on the signal output port (15) of mainboard shell (25) by expelling plate order wire (27), be connected on the receiver port (16) of mainboard shell (25) by dash receiver order wire (28), described liquid impulse force fluid-velocity survey parts are connected to the dynamometry signal port (24) of mainboard shell (25) by dynamometry signal wire (29), described handheld terminal (26) is connected in the RS485 communication port (17) of mainboard shell (25) by RS485 data telecommunication line (30), described data processing mainboard (14) respectively with signal output port (15), receiver port (16), dynamometry signal port (24) is connected with RS485 communication port (17).
2. one according to claim 1 easily precipitates water quality open channel flow rate measuring instrument, it is characterized in that: described photo-electric surveying on sludge thickness parts comprise the shell bottom plate (9) and sheath top plate one (11) that are parallel to each other, perpendicular expelling plate shell (1) and dash receiver shell (2) is provided with between described shell bottom plate (9) and sheath top plate one (11), described expelling plate shell (1) is embedded with expelling plate (3), described dash receiver shell (2) is embedded with dash receiver (4);
Described expelling plate (3) is equidistantly distributed with several light emitting diodes (5), and described expelling plate (3) is sealed on expelling plate shell (1) by marine glue (7);
Described dash receiver (4) is equidistantly distributed with several phototriodes (6), and described dash receiver (4) is sealed on dash receiver shell (2) by marine glue (7);
The lamp holder one_to_one corresponding of described light emitting diode (5) and phototriode (6);
Described expelling plate shell (1) and dash receiver shell (2) are respectively arranged with expelling plate communication port (12) and dash receiver communication port (13).
3. one according to claim 1 easily precipitates water quality open channel flow rate measuring instrument, it is characterized in that: described liquid impulse force fluid-velocity survey parts comprise sheath top plate two (18), described sheath top plate two (18) is connected with LOAD CELLS (19) by sensor set bolt (20), and one end of described sheath top plate two is connected with force rod (22) by rotating shaft (23).
4. one according to claim 2 easily precipitates water quality open channel flow rate measuring instrument, it is characterized in that: described sheath top plate two (18) has also been bolted mainboard shell (25), described mainboard shell (25) inside is fixed with data processing mainboard (14).
5. one according to claim 2 easily precipitates water quality open channel flow rate measuring instrument, it is characterized in that: described LOAD CELLS (19) is connected on dynamometry signal port (24) by dynamometry signal wire (29).
6. one according to claim 1 easily precipitates water quality open channel flow rate measuring instrument, it is characterized in that: described handheld terminal (26) is connected with data processing mainboard (14) by RS485 data telecommunication line (17), for carrying out optimum configurations.
7. one according to claim 2 easily precipitates water quality open channel flow rate measuring instrument, it is characterized in that: described photo-electric surveying on sludge thickness parts and data processing mainboard (14) combine for measuring water level, position, mud position; Described liquid impulse force fluid-velocity survey parts and data processing mainboard (14) combine the flow velocity for measuring current; Described handheld terminal is used for parameters.
8. the measuring method of a kind of easy precipitation water quality open channel flow rate measuring instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that described method step is:
(1) position installed instruments is selected: select front and back water speed that is smooth at the bottom of channel rule, canal, installation site local comparatively stably;
(2) record installation parameter: the distance from bottom shell bottom plate 3 ~ 5cm regulating force rod, record this distance as force rod height; Measure width of the channel, rotating shaft to the distance l of LOAD CELLS stress point
1, the distance l bottom rotating shaft to force rod
2, the width of force rod is l
wide;
(3) instrument loads open channel: installation site measurement mechanism entirety being put into selection, shell bottom plate and the low close contact of canal, current flow through on shell bottom plate, along water (flow) direction, first through liquid impulse force fluid-velocity survey parts, then through photo-electric surveying on sludge thickness parts;
(4) determine to calibrate flow velocity: use method of standard table to measure bottom, centre, surface and the force rod water speed at same water-carrying section place respectively, show that a metastable mean value is as calibration flow velocity;
(5) use handheld terminal parameters: arrange the parameter of record, calibration flow velocity in data processing mainboard, the current observation interface turning back to handheld terminal observes display data, comprises water level, mud position, temperature, flow, flow velocity, impulse force;
(6) data operation.
According to the parameter that the parameter collected and user are arranged, data processing mainboard carries out calculation process, obtains final water level, mud position, temperature, flow, flow velocity, impulse force.
First, data processing mainboard first calculates water level, mud position, temperature.According to the signal that temperature collection circuit collects, data processing mainboard directly computing can obtain temperature.According to the pedestal value that sampled value and the user of photo-electric surveying on sludge thickness parts are arranged, draw the height of water level, mud position;
Secondly, the force rod height arranged according to user draws actual force rod underwater penetration h (water level-force rod height);
3rd, calculate starting force F
0.The pressure F that the LOAD CELLS that data processing mainboard collects according to liquid impulse force fluid-velocity survey parts is subject to
pressure, and l
1, l
2, l
wide, h, calibration flow velocity, calculate starting force F
0.COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING formula is:
4th, calculate flow velocity v.The pressure F that data processing mainboard is subject to according to LOAD CELLS
pressure, and l
1, l
2, l
wide, h, starting force F
0, calculate actual water velocity according to above formula;
Finally, calculated flow rate.Height of water level deducts mud position and highly obtains the actual water-carrying section height not containing mud, according to the shape (trapezoidal, rectangle) of water-carrying section, calculate discharge section area accurately, in conjunction with the flow velocity calculated, utilize velocity-area method can obtain the flow of current: Q=vSt, wherein Q is water flow, and S is discharge section area, and t is the time.
(7) hydrologic monitoring system is accessed: the RS485 communication interface using RS485 order wire the RS485 communication port of measuring instrument to be connected to hydrologic monitoring system is built communication line between the two, measuring instrument is by the data upload that collects to hydrologic monitoring system software, and user just sees water level, mud position, temperature, flow, flow velocity, impulse force information at the real time data interface of hydrologic monitoring system software.
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