CN104561174A - Method for synthesizing 1-(4-nitroimidazolyl)ethyl palmitate on line under catalysis of lipase - Google Patents
Method for synthesizing 1-(4-nitroimidazolyl)ethyl palmitate on line under catalysis of lipase Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for synthesizing 1-(4-nitroimidazolyl)ethyl palmitate on line under the catalysis of lipase. The method comprises the steps of with 4-nitro-imidazole and vinyl palmitate which are in the molar ratio of 1:(1-8) as raw materials, 0.5-1.0g of lipase Lipozyme TLIM as a catalyst and a DMSO solvent as a reaction solvent, uniformly filling a reaction channel of a microfluidic channel reactor with the lipase Lipozyme TLIM, wherein the internal diameter of the reaction channel of the microfluidic channel reactor is 0.8-2.4mm, and the reaction channel is 0.5-1.0m long; and continuously introducing the raw materials and the reaction solvent to the reaction channel to carry out Markovnikov addition reaction, controlling the reaction temperature at 40-55 DEG C and the reaction time at 20-35 minutes, collecting a reaction solution on line, and carrying out conventional treatment on the reaction solution to obtain 1-(4-nitroimidazolyl)ethyl palmitate. The method has the advantages of short reaction time, high selectivity and high yield.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of lipase-catalyzed synthesis palmitinic acid 1-(4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester.
(2) background technology
Markovnikov addition is one of important tool forming C-C, C-N, C-O, C-X key, is a very important class addition reaction in organic synthesis.Nitrogen heterocyclic is as addition substrate not only because this compounds is good nucleophilic addition(Adn) reagent, and imidazole derivative generally has higher pharmacologically active, is important pharmaceutical intermediate.
Chemical method Markovnikov addition General reactions is very fast, and transformation efficiency is higher, but the reaction conditions of its harshness can cause certain environmental pollution and energy dissipation, and the many side reactions of association simultaneously, have a strong impact on productive rate and the selectivity of addition.Enzymatic means is because of one of advantage effective tools becoming organic synthesis such as selectivity is high, mild condition, speed of response are very fast, and the nearly more than ten years are rapidly developed.Acylase was once used to catalysis Markovnikov addition reaction, but not only price comparison is expensive for acylase, and the method often needs the longer reaction times (48-96h), and transformation efficiency also has much room for improvement.Therefore develop the new catalyst more green, effective, there is more highly selective and become the key and challenge of expanding Markovnikov addition applied research.
Micro-fluidic (Microfluidics) manipulates to receive to rise to technology and the science that skin rises volume fluid in micron scale construction, is the new cross discipline emerged rapidly nearly ten years.Current, the development of micro-fluidic has surmounted the original object being mainly analytical chemistry service greatly, and is becoming the important technological platform of whole chemistry subject, life science, instrumental science and even information science new round innovation research.
After Harrison seminar in 1997 has delivered the document of first section synthetic compound in micro-fluidic chip microreactor, micro-fluidic chip reactor has been successfully used to multiple organic synthesis, and illustrates application prospect widely.Along with the development of microring array, micro-reacting tcchnology in micro-fluidic chip, carry out building-up reactions in the chips and become one of the study hotspot in micro-fluidic chip field.
Compare with conventional chemical reactor, micro passage reaction not only has makes the diffusion length between reactant greatly shorten, and mass transfer velocity is fast; The easy control of reaction conditions such as reactant ratio, temperature, reaction times and flow velocity, side reaction is less; Need reactant consumption very micro-, not only can reduce the consumption of costliness, poisonous, adverse reaction thing, the environmental pollutant produced in reaction process are also few, are the technology of a kind of environmental friendliness, study on the synthesis novel substance.
At present; the Enzyme catalyzed synthesis of more Chinese scholars to Markovnikov addition reaction in organic medium is had to be studied; but the method multiselect acylase carries out catalysis; often need the longer reaction times (24-96h); and reaction transformation efficiency and selectivity not high; therefore we have studied the method for lipase-catalyzed online synthesis palmitinic acid 1-(4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester in micro passage reaction, be intended to the online controlled method for selective synthesis of palmitinic acid 1-(the 4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester finding a kind of high-efficiency environment friendly.
(3) summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the novel process of lipase-catalyzed online synthesis palmitinic acid 1-(4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester in a kind of microfluidic channel reactor, has the advantage that the reaction times is short, productive rate is high.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The method of palmitinic acid 1-(the 4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester shown in a kind of lipase-catalyzed online synthesis type I, described method adopts microfluidic channel reactor, described microfluidic channel reactor comprises syringe pump, syringe, reaction channel and product collector, described syringe is installed in syringe pump, be communicated with the entrance of reaction channel by first interface, described product collector passes through the outlet of the second interface and reaction channel, described reaction channel internal diameter is 0.8 ~ 2.4mm, and reaction channel length is 0.5 ~ 1.0m, described method comprises: the 4-nitro-imidazol being 1:1 ~ 8 with the ratio of amount of substance and vinyl palmitate are for raw material, with 0.5 ~ 1.0g Lipozyme TLIM for catalyzer, with methyl-sulphoxide (DMSO) for reaction solvent, Lipozyme TLIM is uniformly filled in reaction channel, raw material and reaction solvent are placed in syringe, raw material and reaction solvent pass into continuously in reaction channel and carry out Markovnikov addition reaction (Markovnikov addition reaction) by syringe under the promotion of syringe pump, controlling temperature of reaction is 40 ~ 55 DEG C, reaction times is 20 ~ 35min, reaction solution is collected online by product collector, reaction solution obtains palmitinic acid 1-(the 4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester shown in formula I through aftertreatment.
In the microfluidic channel reactor that the present invention adopts, described syringe number can be one or more, depending on concrete reaction requirement.Reaction raw materials of the present invention is two kinds, preferred use two syringes, concrete, two syringes are installed in syringe pump, by being connected with the entrance of reaction channel with T-shaped or Y type interface, raw material 4-nitro-imidazol and vinyl palmitate are dissolved in reaction solvent respectively, and be placed in two syringes respectively, syringe makes different reactants introduce from two entrances under the synchronous promotion of syringe pump, conflux and enter public reaction channel, increased with probability of collision by reactant molecule contact in microchannel, two strands of reaction solution streams are made to mix in public reaction channel and react.
Described microfluidic channel reactor also comprises thermostat container, and described reaction channel is placed in thermostat container, effectively can control temperature of reaction with this.Described thermostat container can require to select voluntarily according to temperature of reaction, such as constant temperature water box etc.
The present invention does not limit for the material of reaction channel, and recommendation is green, the material of environmental protection, such as silicone tube; The shape of reaction channel is preferably curved shape, can ensure at the uniform velocity stable the passing through of reaction solution.
The present invention, in implementation process, first can dissolve 4-nitro-imidazol with DMSO, as long as its consumption ensures that 4-nitro-imidazol can fully dissolve, and is loaded in syringe for subsequent use; Then dissolve vinyl palmitate with DMSO, be loaded in another syringe for subsequent use; Then under syringe pump (such as PHD2000 syringe pump) promotes, raw material and reaction solvent are passed in reaction channel to react.
Comparatively preferred, method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
First dissolve 4-nitro-imidazol with DMSO, obtain the DMSO solution being dissolved with 4-nitro-imidazol, be loaded in syringe; Dissolve vinyl palmitate with DMSO, obtain the DMSO solution being dissolved with vinyl palmitate, be loaded in another syringe; Two syringes are connected with the entrance of reaction channel by Y type interface, then the DMSO solution being dissolved with 4-nitro-imidazol and the DMSO solution that is dissolved with vinyl palmitate are passed in reaction channel under the synchronous promotion of syringe pump and carry out Markovnikov addition reaction.
When use two syringes inject the DMSO solution being dissolved with 4-nitro-imidazol and the DMSO solution being dissolved with vinyl palmitate respectively to reaction channel, volumetric usage for dissolving the volumetric usage of the DMSO of 4-nitro-imidazol and the DMSO for dissolving vinyl palmitate is preferably equal, so that the consistence of two kinds of material molar ratios when ensureing to enter reaction channel.
Describedly be dissolved with in the DMSO solution of 4-nitro-imidazol, the concentration of 4-nitro-imidazol is generally 0.1mmol/mL.
Describedly be dissolved with in the DMSO solution of vinyl palmitate, the concentration of vinyl palmitate is generally 0.1 ~ 0.8mmol/mL.
In the present invention, the commodity that described Lipozyme TLIM uses letter (novozymes) company of Novi to produce, its be a kind ofly to be prepared by microorganism, 1,3 position-specific, food-grade lipase (EC3.1.1.3) preparation on particle silica gel.It is obtain from Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase, produce through submerged fermentation with a kind of gene-modified aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillusoryzae) microorganism.
Lipozyme TLIM is uniformly filled in reaction channel by the inventive method, is directly evenly fixed in reaction channel by granular catalyzer by mechanical means.
Further, described 4-nitro-imidazol is preferably 1:6 ~ 8 with the ratio of the amount of substance of vinyl palmitate, most preferably is 1:6.
Further, described Markovnikov addition reaction temperature is preferably 50 ~ 55 DEG C, most preferably is 50 DEG C.
Further, the described Markovnikov addition reaction time is preferably 25 ~ 35min, most preferably is 30min.Regulate the flow velocity of reaction channel inner fluid by regulating syringe pump and then regulate the residence time of raw material in reaction channel, i.e. the reaction times.
Reaction product of the present invention can be collected online, and gained reaction solution can obtain palmitinic acid 1-(4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester by post-treating method.Described post-treating method can be: the underpressure distillation of gained reaction solution is except desolventizing, gained crude on silica gel column chromatography for separation, with 200-300 order silica gel wet method dress post, elution reagent is the mixed solvent of ethyl acetate, normal hexane volume ratio 1:5, wet method upper prop after crude product dissolves with a small amount of elution reagent, collect elutriant, TLC follows the tracks of wash-out process simultaneously, the elutriant containing single product obtained is merged evaporate to dryness, can white solid be obtained, be palmitinic acid 1-(4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester.
The reaction channel internal diameter that the embodiment of the present invention uses is 2mm, and reaction channel is long is 1.0m.Reaction channel internal diameter and length can affect rate of flow of fluid in reaction channel and the residence time, but do not cause direct impact to reaction itself.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention utilizes lipase-catalyzed online synthesis palmitinic acid 1-(4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester in microfluidic channel reactor, this method not only shortens the reaction times widely, and has high transformation efficiency; Utilize economic Lipozyme TLIM catalysis Markovnikov addition reaction first, acylase used compared to existing technology greatly reduces reaction cost, has the advantage of economical and efficient simultaneously.
(4) accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the microfluidic channel reactor that the embodiment of the present invention adopts.
(5) embodiment
With specific embodiment, protection scope of the present invention is described further below, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto:
The structural reference Fig. 1 of the microfluidic channel reactor that the embodiment of the present invention uses, comprise a syringe pump (not shown), two syringes 1, reaction channel 3, constant temperature water box (5, only show its floor map) and product collector 4; Two syringes 1 are installed in syringe pump, be communicated with the entrance of reaction channel 3 by a Y type interface, described reaction channel 3 is placed in constant temperature water box 5, temperature of reaction is controlled by constant temperature water box 5, the internal diameter 2.0mm of described reaction channel 3, pipe range 1m, the outlet of described reaction channel 3 is communicated with product collector 4 by the second interface.
Embodiment 1: the synthesis of palmitinic acid 1-(4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester
Device is with reference to figure 1: be dissolved in 10mLDMSO by 4-nitro-imidazol (1.0mmol), and vinyl palmitate (6.0mmol) is dissolved in 10mLDMSO, is then loaded in 2 10mL syringes for subsequent use respectively.0.87g Lipozyme TLIM is uniformly filled in reaction channel, and under PHD2000 syringe pump promotes, two-way reaction solution is respectively with 10.4 μ Lmin
-1flow velocity entered in reaction channel by Y type interface and react, control temperature of reactor at 50 DEG C by constant temperature water box, reaction solution is continuous flow reaction 30min in reaction channel, and reaction result is by thin-layer chromatography TLC tracing detection.
Reaction solution is collected online by product collector, underpressure distillation is except desolventizing, obtain crude product, with 200-300 order silica gel wet method dress post, elution reagent is ethyl acetate: the mixed solvent of normal hexane volume ratio=1:5, post height 35cm, column diameter 4.5cm, wet method upper prop after crude product dissolves with a small amount of elution reagent, flow velocity 2mLmin collected by elutriant
-1tLC follows the tracks of wash-out process simultaneously, the elutriant containing single product obtained is merged evaporate to dryness, obtain white solid, obtain palmitinic acid 1-(4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester, HPLC detects the selectivity 100% of 4-nitroimidazole transformation efficiency 75%, palmitinic acid 1-(4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester.
Nuclear-magnetism characterization result is as follows:
1H NMR(DMSO-d
6,500MHz,δ,ppm)；8.67(s,1H,N＝CH-N),8.10(s,1H,N-CH＝C),6.79(q,1H,J＝6.15Hz,N-CH-O-C＝O),2.31(t,2H,J＝7.20Hz,O＝C-C
H 2-CH
2),1.77(d,3H,J＝6.15Hz,CH
3-CH-),1.48(m,2H,O＝C-CH
2-C
H 2)1.20(m,24H,-CH
2-(CH
2)
12-CH
3),0.85(t,3H,J＝6.70Hz,-CH
2-CH
3).
Embodiment 2-4
Change the temperature of microfluidic channel reactor, other are with embodiment 1, and reaction result is as shown in table 1:
Table 1: temperature is on the impact of reaction
The result of table 1 shows, when flow velocity is 10.4 μ Lmin
-1reaction times is when being 30min, react the rising with temperature, transformation efficiency also obviously raises, and when temperature of reaction reaches 50 DEG C, the transformation efficiency of reaction is best, if now continue to heat up, will cause the reduction of enzymic activity, thus the transformation efficiency that result in reaction decreases, thus in the present invention in micro-fluidic micro passage reaction the optimal reaction temperature of palmitinic acid 1-(4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester be 50 DEG C.
Embodiment 5-8
The substrate mol ratio changing vinyl palmitate and 4-nitro-imidazol in micro-fluidic micro passage reaction is 1:1 (embodiment 5), 2:1 (embodiment 6), 4:1 (embodiment 7), 8:1 (embodiment 8), the consumption 1.0mmol of 4-nitro-imidazol is constant, the consumption changing vinyl palmitate changes 1.0mmol (embodiment 5), 2.0mmol (embodiment 6), 4.0mmol (embodiment 7), 8.0mmol (embodiment 8) respectively into, be dissolved in respectively in 10mLDMSO, other are with embodiment 1, and result is as shown in table 2.
Table 2:4-nitro-imidazol and vinyl palmitate substrate mol ratio are on the impact of reacting
The result of table 2 shows, along with the increase of reactant vinyl palmitate, the transformation efficiency of reaction also along with increase, when substrate than for 6:1 time, the transformation efficiency of reaction is optimum, 4-nitro-imidazol substantially Quantitative yield in order to palmitinic acid 1-(4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester.If now continue the consumption increasing reactant vinyl palmitate, the transformation efficiency reacted will be caused to reduce, and thus, the best substrate of this reaction is than being 6:1, under the reaction conditions, 4-nitro-imidazol transforms substantially in order to palmitinic acid 1-(4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester.
Embodiment 9-11
Changing the reaction times in micro-fluidic micro passage reaction is 20min (embodiment 9), 25min (embodiment 10), 35min (embodiment 11), and other are with embodiment 1, and result is as shown in table 3.
Table 3: the reaction times is on the impact of reaction conversion ratio
| Embodiment | Reaction times [min] | Transformation efficiency [%] |
| 9 | 20 | 40 |
| 10 | 25 | 68 |
| 1 | 30 | 75 |
| 11 | 35 | 68 |
The result of table 3 shows, palmitinic acid 1-(the 4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester that 25min can obtain 68% is carried out in reaction, and 4-nitro-imidazol is be converted into palmitinic acid 1-(4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester completely substantially.Along with the increase in reaction times, the transformation efficiency of reaction increases gradually, when 30min is carried out in reaction, the transformation efficiency of palmitinic acid 1-(4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester can reach 75%, if now continue to extend the reaction times, can cause the reduction of reaction conversion ratio on the contrary, thus, in microfluidic channel reactor, the Best Times of palmitinic acid 1-(4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester synthesis is 30min.
Claims (10)
1. the method for palmitinic acid 1-(the 4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester shown in a lipase-catalyzed online synthesis type I, it is characterized in that described method adopts microfluidic channel reactor, described microfluidic channel reactor comprises syringe pump, syringe, reaction channel and product collector, described syringe is installed in syringe pump, be communicated with the entrance of reaction channel by first interface, described product collector passes through the outlet of the second interface and reaction channel, described reaction channel internal diameter is 0.8 ~ 2.4mm, and reaction channel length is 0.5 ~ 1.0 m, described method comprises: the 4-nitro-imidazol being 1:1 ~ 8 with the ratio of amount of substance and vinyl palmitate are for raw material, with 0.5 ~ 1.0g Lipozyme TLIM for catalyzer, take methyl-sulphoxide as reaction solvent, Lipozyme TLIM is uniformly filled in reaction channel, raw material and reaction solvent are placed in syringe, raw material and reaction solvent pass into continuously in reaction channel and carry out Markovnikov addition reaction by syringe under the promotion of syringe pump, controlling temperature of reaction is 40 ~ 55 DEG C, reaction times is 20 ~ 35min, reaction solution is collected online by product collector, reaction solution obtains palmitinic acid 1-(the 4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester shown in formula I through aftertreatment,
2. the method for lipase-catalyzed online synthesis palmitinic acid 1-(4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described method comprises the following steps: with the ratio of the amount of substance 4-nitro-imidazol that is 1:1 ~ 8 and vinyl palmitate as raw material, with 0.5 ~ 1.0g Lipozyme TLIM for catalyzer, take methyl-sulphoxide as reaction solvent, Lipozyme TLIM is uniformly filled in reaction channel, first dissolve 4-nitro-imidazol with DMSO, obtain the DMSO solution being dissolved with 4-nitro-imidazol, be loaded in syringe; Dissolve vinyl palmitate with DMSO, obtain the DMSO solution being dissolved with vinyl palmitate, be loaded in another syringe; Two syringes are connected with the entrance of reaction channel by Y type interface, then under the synchronous promotion of syringe pump, the DMSO solution being dissolved with 4-nitro-imidazol and the DMSO solution that is dissolved with vinyl palmitate are passed in reaction channel and carry out Markovnikov addition reaction, controlling temperature of reaction is 40 ~ 55 DEG C, reaction times is 20 ~ 35min, collect reaction solution online by product collector, reaction solution obtains palmitinic acid 1-(the 4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester shown in formula I through aftertreatment.
3. the method for lipase-catalyzed online synthesis palmitinic acid 1-(4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described microfluidic channel reactor comprises thermostat container, and described reaction channel is placed in thermostat container.
4. the method for lipase-catalyzed online synthesis palmitinic acid 1-(4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described microfluidic channel reactor comprises thermostat container, and described reaction channel is placed in thermostat container.
5. the method for lipase-catalyzed online synthesis palmitinic acid 1-(the 4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester as described in one of Claims 1 to 4, is characterized in that: described 4-nitro-imidazol is 1:6 ~ 8 with the ratio of the amount of substance of vinyl palmitate.
6. the method for lipase-catalyzed online synthesis palmitinic acid 1-(the 4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester as described in one of Claims 1 to 4, is characterized in that described temperature of reaction is 50 ~ 55 DEG C.
7. the method for lipase-catalyzed online synthesis palmitinic acid 1-(the 4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester as described in one of Claims 1 to 4, is characterized in that the described reaction times is 25 ~ 35min.
8. the method for lipase-catalyzed online synthesis palmitinic acid 1-(the 4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester as described in one of Claims 1 to 4, is characterized in that: described 4-nitro-imidazol is 1:6 with the ratio of the amount of substance of vinyl palmitate.
9. the method for lipase-catalyzed online synthesis palmitinic acid 1-(the 4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester as described in one of Claims 1 to 4, it is characterized in that described temperature of reaction is 50 DEG C, the described reaction times is 30min.
10. the method for lipase-catalyzed online synthesis palmitinic acid 1-(the 4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester as described in one of Claims 1 to 4, it is characterized in that described post-treating method is: the underpressure distillation of gained reaction solution is except desolventizing, gained crude on silica gel column chromatography for separation, with 200-300 order silica gel wet method dress post, elution reagent is ethyl acetate, the mixed solvent of normal hexane volume ratio 1:5, wet method upper prop after crude product dissolves with a small amount of elution reagent, collect elutriant, TLC follows the tracks of wash-out process simultaneously, the elutriant containing single product obtained is merged evaporate to dryness, obtain white solid, be palmitinic acid 1-(4-nitroimidazole base) ethyl ester.
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| CN107988277A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-05-04 | 浙江农林大学 | A kind of method of lipase-catalyzed online synthesis S- benzyl palmitic acid thioesters |
| CN109706198A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-05-03 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of method that online enzyme process closes nitro imidazole derivatives |
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| CN103184249A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2013-07-03 | 浙江工业大学 | Method for on-line synthesizing glucose-6-palmitate by lipase catalysis |
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