CN104558973B - 一种高性能吸波散热复合材料 - Google Patents

一种高性能吸波散热复合材料 Download PDF

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CN104558973B
CN104558973B CN201410775129.XA CN201410775129A CN104558973B CN 104558973 B CN104558973 B CN 104558973B CN 201410775129 A CN201410775129 A CN 201410775129A CN 104558973 B CN104558973 B CN 104558973B
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杨永佳
张彦兵
杨小义
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Guangdong Liwang New Material Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高性能吸波散热复合材料，是由基体和涂层两部分组成，其中，基体部分是由有机树脂10~40份、纳米碳30~60份、着力促进剂0~5份、偶联剂1~6份、分散剂0~5份制成的厚度为0.1～1mm的片材，涂层由环氧聚氨酯30~80份与纳米二氧化钛20~70份组成。本发明利用纳米碳优异的传热、物理性能将其与有机树脂如氟碳树脂进行复合，可提高基体材料与基材的贴合性，也可以提高其散热性能；在基体的制备过程中，通过加入偶联剂提高基体树脂与纳米碳管的相容性，选用三种不同形态的纳米碳进行复配提高颗粒间的结合力，从而使得材料具有优异的力学性能。本发明的吸波复合材料吸收频段高、吸收率高、匹配厚度薄。

Description

一种高性能吸波散热复合材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高分子材料，具体是一种高性能吸波散热复合材料，属于高分子材料技术领域。
背景技术
随着现代科学技术的发展，电磁波辐射对环境的影响日益增大。在机场，飞机航班因电磁波干扰无法起飞而误点；在医院，移动电话常会干扰各种电子诊疗仪器的正常工作。因此，治理电磁污染，寻找一种能抵挡并削弱电磁波辐射的材料——吸波材料，已成为材料科学的一大课题。
吸波材料能吸收投射到它表面的电磁波能量，在工程应用上，除要求吸波材料在较宽频带内对电磁波具有高的吸收率外，还要求它具有质量轻、耐温、耐湿、抗腐蚀等性能。
80年代以来，世界各国投巨资加大对吸波材料研究的力度。随着电信业务的迅速发展，吸波材料也被应用到通信、环保及人体防护等诸多领域。电磁辐射通过热效应、非热效应、累积效应对人体造成直接和间接的伤害。研究证实，铁氧体吸波材料性能最佳，它具有吸收频段高、吸收率高、匹配厚度薄等特点。将这种材料应用于电子设备中可吸收泄露的电磁辐射，能达到消除电磁干扰的目的。根据电磁波在介质中从低磁导向高磁导方向传播的规律，利用高磁导率铁氧体引导电磁波，通过共振，大量吸收电磁波的辐射能量，再通过耦合把电磁波的能量转变成热能。例如CN201210374755.9 公开了一种吸波材料，其包括设置于目标物体前方的电容电阻混合层；所述电容电阻混合层由多个单元结构构成，所述单元结构包括第一、第二、第三、第四基本单元，第一基本单元包括第一分支以及从第一分支两端向上垂直延伸的第二分支和第三分支，第二分支和第三分支之间还等间距的排布有多条第四分支。将第一基本单元分别旋转90°、180°、270°后得到第二至第四基本单元该技术通过设置特殊结构的电容电阻混合层，可达到宽频、高效吸收电磁波的效果。
将吸波材料应用于各类电子产品，如电视、音响、VCD机、电脑、游戏机、微波炉、移动电话中，可以使电磁波泄露降到国家卫生安全限值（10微瓦每平方厘米）以下，确保人体健康。将其应用于高功率雷达、微波医疗器、微波破碎机，能保护操作人员免受电磁波辐射的伤害。长期、可靠保护敏感电路及元器件，在当今众多灵敏的电子产品应用中变得越来越重要。随着处理功率的增加及趋向于更小、更高密度电子模块的趋势，对于热控制的需要也不断增加。传统的单一功能模式已经满足不了市场的需求，市场对吸波材料提出更高的要求：材料从吸波向吸波和热辐射功能复合模式发展。在工程应用上，除要求吸波材料在较宽频带内对电磁波具有高的吸收率外，还要求它具有质量轻、耐温、耐湿、抗腐蚀等性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高性能吸波散热复合材料及其制备方法。
本发明的技术方案如下： 一种高性能吸波散热复合材料，由基体和涂层两部分组成，所述基体部分是由有机树脂10~40份、纳米碳 30~60份、着力促进剂0~5份、偶联剂1~6份、分散剂0~5份制成的厚度为0.1～1mm的片材按重量配比组成，涂层由环氧聚氨酯30~80份与纳米二氧化钛20~70份按重量配比组成，该复合材料的制备方法如下：先采用喷雾的方式将偶联剂与纳米碳预混合，然后在真空度0.02~0.08MPa下干燥5~15min，再将有机树脂、着力促进剂、分散剂加入混合，经压制成片状的基体；然后将环氧聚氨酯、纳米二氧化钛混合均匀制成涂料，将涂料采用热喷涂方法均匀涂覆到基体表面，涂层厚度0.01~0.2mm，然后在80~90℃烘干，即制得；其中，所述纳米碳为碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、纳米碳球按照质量配比1:1~2:1~3混合得到；所述有机树脂是氟碳树脂、氨基树脂、酚醛树脂中的一种。
所述碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、纳米碳球优选的质量配比为1:1.5:2。
所述有机树脂优选为氟碳树脂乳液。
优选的技术方案如下：一种高性能吸波散热复合材料，由基体和涂层两部分组成，所述基体部分是由氟碳树脂30份、纳米碳 45份、着力促进剂0.5份、偶联剂1.5份、分散剂0.1份制成的厚度为0.1～1mm的片材按重量配比组成，涂层由环氧聚氨酯39份与纳米二氧化钛61份按重量配比组成，该复合材料的制备方法如下：先采用喷雾的方式将偶联剂与纳米碳预混合，然后在真空度0.05MPa下干燥8min，再将有机树脂、着力促进剂、分散剂加入混合，经压制成片状的基体；然后将环氧聚氨酯、纳米二氧化钛混合均匀制成涂料，将涂料采用热喷涂方法均匀涂覆到基体表面，涂层厚度0.01~0.2mm，然后在85℃烘干，即制得；其中，所述纳米碳为碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、纳米碳球按照质量配比1:1:2混合得到。
优选的技术方案还可以是：一种高性能吸波散热复合材料，由基体和涂层两部分组成，所述基体部分是由氨基树脂44份、纳米碳 65.3份、着力促进剂0.3份、偶联剂1.2份、分散剂0.2份制成的厚度为0.1～1mm的片材按重量配比组成，涂层由环氧聚氨酯35份与纳米二氧化钛65份按重量配比组成，该复合材料的制备方法如下：先采用喷雾的方式将偶联剂与纳米碳预混合，然后在真空度0.06MPa下干燥5min，再将有机树脂、着力促进剂、分散剂加入混合，经压制成片状的基体；然后将环氧聚氨酯、纳米二氧化钛混合均匀制成涂料，将涂料采用热喷涂方法均匀涂覆到基体表面，涂层厚度0.01~0.2mm，然后在80℃烘干，即制得；其中，所述纳米碳为碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、纳米碳球按照质量配比1:1:3混合得到。
本发明利用纳米碳优异的传热、物理性能将其与有机树脂如氟碳树脂进行复合，可提高基体材料与基材的贴合性，也可以提高其散热性能；在基体的制备过程中，通过加入偶联剂提高基体树脂与纳米碳管的相容性，选用三种不同形态的纳米碳进行复配提高颗粒间的结合力，从而使得材料具有优异的力学性能。该吸波复合材料吸收频段高、吸收率高、匹配厚度薄。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明，这些实施例为本发明的较佳实施例，仅用来说明本发明，并不限制本发明的范围。
实施例1 采用以下配方（按重量配比组成）：基体部分：氟碳树脂30份、纳米碳 45份、着力促进剂0.5份、偶联剂1.5份、分散剂0.1份制成的厚度为0.1～1mm的片材，涂层部分：环氧聚氨酯39份与纳米二氧化钛61份，采用如下步骤制备本发明复合材料：先采用喷雾的方式将硅烷偶联剂与纳米碳预混合，然后在真空度0.05MPa下干燥8min，再将有机树脂、着力促进剂、分散剂加入混合，经压制成片状的基体；然后将环氧聚氨酯、纳米二氧化钛混合均匀制成涂料，将涂料采用热喷涂方法均匀涂覆到基体表面，涂层厚度0.01~0.2mm，然后在85℃烘干，即制得；其中，所述纳米碳为碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、纳米碳球按照质量配比1:1:2混合得到。
实施例2 采用配方（按重量配比组成）：基体部分：氨基树脂44份、纳米碳 65.3份、着力促进剂0.3份、偶联剂1.2份、分散剂0.2份制成的厚度为0.1～1mm的片材，涂层部分：环氧聚氨酯35份与纳米二氧化钛65份，采用如下步骤制备本发明复合材料：先采用喷雾的方式将硅烷偶联剂与纳米碳预混合，然后在真空度0.06MPa下干燥5min，再将有机树脂、着力促进剂、分散剂加入混合，经压制成片状的基体；然后将环氧聚氨酯、纳米二氧化钛混合均匀制成涂料，将涂料采用热喷涂方法均匀涂覆到基体表面，涂层厚度0.01~0.2mm，然后在80℃烘干，即制得；其中，所述纳米碳为碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、纳米碳球按照质量配比1:1:3混合得到。
实施例3 采用配方（按重量配比组成）：基体部分：酚醛树脂30份、纳米碳 58份、着力促进剂0.2份、偶联剂1.8份、分散剂0.5份制成的厚度为0.1～1mm的片材，涂层部分：环氧聚氨酯50份与纳米二氧化钛50份，采用如下步骤制备本发明复合材料：先采用喷雾的方式将硅烷偶联剂与纳米碳预混合，然后在真空度0.06MPa下干燥5min，再将有机树脂、着力促进剂、分散剂加入混合，经压制成片状的基体；然后将环氧聚氨酯、纳米二氧化钛混合均匀制成涂料，将涂料采用热喷涂方法均匀涂覆到基体表面，涂层厚度0.01~0.2mm，然后在90℃烘干，即制得；其中，所述纳米碳为碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、纳米碳球按照质量配比1:1:1混合得到。
在相同环境温度下，依据ASTM E1461标准，测试上述制备得到的三种吸波复合材料的导热系数，分别为152.1W/m.k、158.6W/m.k、145.9W/m.k，相对磁导率为30。本发明产品具有良好的散热及吸波性能。

Claims (2)

1.一种高性能吸波散热复合材料，其特征在于：采用以下配方，按重量配比组成制备：基体部分：氟碳树脂30份、纳米碳 45份、着力促进剂0.5份、偶联剂1.5份、分散剂0.1份制成的厚度为0.1～1mm的片材，涂层部分：环氧聚氨酯39份与纳米二氧化钛61份，采用如下步骤制备：先采用喷雾的方式将硅烷偶联剂与纳米碳预混合，然后在真空度0.05MPa下干燥8min，再将氟碳树脂、着力促进剂、分散剂加入混合，经压制成片状的基体；然后将环氧聚氨酯、纳米二氧化钛混合均匀制成涂料，将涂料采用热喷涂方法均匀涂覆到基体表面，涂层厚度0.01~0.2mm，然后在85℃烘干，即制得；其中，所述纳米碳为碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、纳米碳球按照质量配比1:1:2混合得到。
2.一种高性能吸波散热复合材料，其特征在于：采用以下配方，按重量配比组成制备：基体部分：氨基树脂44份、纳米碳 65.3份、着力促进剂0.3份、偶联剂1.2份、分散剂0.2份制成的厚度为0.1～1mm的片材，涂层部分：环氧聚氨酯35份与纳米二氧化钛65份，采用如下步骤制备：先采用喷雾的方式将硅烷偶联剂与纳米碳预混合，然后在真空度0.06MPa下干燥5min，再将氨基树脂、着力促进剂、分散剂加入混合，经压制成片状的基体；然后将环氧聚氨酯、纳米二氧化钛混合均匀制成涂料，将涂料采用热喷涂方法均匀涂覆到基体表面，涂层厚度0.01~0.2mm，然后在80℃烘干，即制得；其中，所述纳米碳为碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、纳米碳球按照质量配比1:1:3混合得到。
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