CN104553102B - Superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN104553102B
CN104553102B CN201510020962.8A CN201510020962A CN104553102B CN 104553102 B CN104553102 B CN 104553102B CN 201510020962 A CN201510020962 A CN 201510020962A CN 104553102 B CN104553102 B CN 104553102B
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layer
temperature
heat
thermal insulation
barrier material
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CN104553102A (en
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王广海
陈玉峰
张世超
孙浩然
张峰
孙现凯
李世新
石兴
方凯
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China Building Materials Academy CBMA
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China Building Materials Academy CBMA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/14—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts, e.g. denser near its faces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/14—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/002—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/02—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/041—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/06—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/304—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/71—Resistive to light or to UV

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material and preparation method thereof, wherein superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material includes：Superhigh temperature insulation material layer, it is located at high temperature side；Decalescence insulation material layer, positioned at the outside of superhigh temperature insulation material layer；Middle temperature thermal insulation layer, positioned at the outside of decalescence insulation material layer；Low temperature thermal insulation layer, positioned at the outside of middle temperature thermal insulation layer；Radiation shield, is respectively arranged between superhigh temperature insulation material layer, decalescence insulation material layer, middle temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature thermal insulation layer adjacent two layers and the outside located at low temperature thermal insulation layer, and described radiation shield is used for blocks infrared radiation；Above layers are complex as a whole.The superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material of the present invention has superhigh temperature resistant, the feature of use time length.

Description

Superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to heat-barrier material technical field, more particularly, to a kind of superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material and its preparation side Method.
Background technology
With the fast development of aeronautical and space technology, can thermal protection system have become restriction aircraft research and development with material and become One of most important key technology of work(.With the continuous improvement of flight Mach number, to the use temperature of thermally protective materials will Seek more and more higher, during work, the temperature of outer wall of combustion chamber is up to more than 2000K, in order to protect engine metal housing and its week The electronic equipment on side, reduces the scattered consumption of heat and its obvious infrared signal feature brought simultaneously, and outer wall of combustion chamber is using super High temperature insulating material carries out thermal protection.
Thermal Protective material used by existing rocket engine, generally Graphite cloth/phenolic aldehyde, carbon cloth/phenolic aldehyde, high silica Cloth/phenolic aldehyde, glass cloth/phenolic aldehyde, adiabatic layer material is often glass fibre, high silica or the enhanced phenolic aldehyde of asbestos or epoxy resin, And asbestos or silica-filled nitrile rubber and ternary third rubber etc..But such Thermal Protective material heatproof is relatively low.
With the development of aeronautical and space technology, the thermally protective materials of heatproof greater degree gradually develop, wherein ZrC/ Aeroge and resinous polymer laminated composite materials heatproof are higher, but this material has for a long time using heat-proof quality decline Shortcoming.Also employ zirconium oxide class material, but this material has the shortcomings that under high temperature, radiant heat transfer is more serious.
As can be seen here, existing thermally protective materials heatproof is low, about 1800-2000K, and use time is short, and about tens seconds arrive 400 seconds about, can not meet high-speed aircraft High Mach number, long flight needs.
Content of the invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material and preparation method thereof, main purpose It is to improve heatproof temperature, extend use time.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, present invention generally provides following technical scheme：
On the one hand, embodiments provide a kind of superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material, including：
Superhigh temperature insulation material layer, it is located at high temperature side；
Decalescence insulation material layer, positioned at the outside of superhigh temperature insulation material layer；
Middle temperature thermal insulation layer, positioned at the outside of decalescence insulation material layer；
Low temperature thermal insulation layer, positioned at the outside of middle temperature thermal insulation layer；
Radiation shield, is respectively arranged on superhigh temperature insulation material layer, decalescence insulation material layer, middle temperature thermal insulation layer and low Between the warm thermal insulation layer adjacent two layers and outside located at low temperature thermal insulation layer, described radiation shield is used for blocks infrared radiation；
Above layers are complex as a whole.
Preferably, the material of described superhigh temperature insulation material layer be carbon fiber/Zirconium oxide fibre superhigh temperature heat-barrier material, Zirconium oxide fibre superhigh temperature heat-barrier material, carbon fiber felt or ultra-fine hole Carbon Materials.
Preferably, the material of described decalescence insulation material layer is Nickel difluoride high temperature phase change material (pcm), Afluon (Asta) phase transformation Material or carbonate middle temperature phase-change material.
Preferably, the material of described middle temperature thermal insulation layer be alumina fibre heat-barrier material, mullite fiber heat-barrier material, Silica fiber insulation, calcium silicate thermal insulation material or high silica fiber heat-barrier material.
Preferably, the material of described low temperature thermal insulation layer is silica aerogel heat-barrier material, the heat-insulated material of alumina silicate fibre Material, rock wool or super glass wool.
Preferably, the material of described radiation shield is molybdenum foil, aluminium foil, graphite paper or native gold.
Preferably, described superhigh temperature insulation material layer thickness is 2-20mm；The thickness of described decalescence insulation material layer Spend for 2-10mm；The thickness of described middle temperature thermal insulation layer is 2-30mm；The thickness of described low temperature thermal insulation layer is 2-40mm；Described radiation The thickness of screen layer is 0.01-0.5mm.
Preferably, being bonded by adhesive between described each layer, then it is complex as by pressure forming and high-temperature process Integrally.
Preferably, described adhesive is selected from aluminum phosphate system adhesive, chrome-alumina phosphate system high-temperature agglomerant, Alumina gel system glue Glutinous agent and Ludox system middle temperature binding agent.
Preferably, described superhigh temperature insulation material layer adopts high-temperature agglomerant to connect to decalescence thermal insulation layer； Decalescence thermal insulation layer is to outermost radiation shield using middle temperature binding agent bonding.
On the other hand, embodiments provide a kind of preparation side of any of the above-described kind of superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material Method, comprises the steps：
According to applied environment, determine concrete material and the thickness of each insulation material layer using heat transfer theory；
Prepare each insulation material layer of respective thickness according to the material determining；
Each insulation material layer is coupled together using adhesive, is then complex as one by pressure forming and high-temperature process Body, obtains the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature.
Preferably, the step that each insulation material layer is complex as a whole is as follows：
Using brushing or spraying, coated with adhesive between the layers；
Pressure-formed pressure limit be 0.1MPa～5MPa between, the temperature of high-temperature process between 50 DEG C～400 DEG C, Process time is 2h～24h.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention is：
Superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material heatproof 2300-2500K of the embodiment of the present invention.Protection use time is up to 2500 Second.The present invention is with short production cycle, can complete selection, preparation and molding within about 2～3 weeks.The superhigh temperature gradient of the embodiment of the present invention The range of choice of heat-barrier material raw material under ultra-high temperature condition is wider.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but not as the limit to the present invention Fixed.In the following description, what different " embodiment " or " embodiment " referred to is not necessarily same embodiment.Additionally, one or many Special characteristic in individual embodiment, structure or feature can be combined by any suitable form.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material of the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in figure 1, superhigh temperature is terraced Degree heat-barrier material, structure is as follows：
Superhigh temperature insulation material layer 1, it is located at high temperature side；
Decalescence insulation material layer 2, positioned at the outside of superhigh temperature insulation material layer 1；
Middle temperature thermal insulation layer 3, positioned at the outside of decalescence insulation material layer 2；
Low temperature thermal insulation layer 4, positioned at the outside of middle temperature thermal insulation layer 3；
Radiation shield 5, is respectively arranged on superhigh temperature insulation material layer 1, decalescence insulation material layer 2, middle temperature thermal insulation layer 3 And low temperature thermal insulation layer 4 adjacent two layers between, and the outside located at low temperature thermal insulation layer 4, radiation shield 5 is used for stopping infrared spoke Penetrate；
Above layers are complex as a whole.
The combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature of the embodiment of the present invention is considered to intercept the internal high temperature higher than 2200 DEG C The requirement of hull-skin temperature low temperature, by the side of contact temperature end be configured to withstand the superhigh temperature of 2200 DEG C of high temperature every Hot material layer is so as to the temperature in outside can be down to less than 1000 DEG C.By arranging phase in the outside of superhigh temperature insulation material layer Changeable heat-absorbing insulation material layer makes temperature reduce rapidly, and the insulation material layer so arranging relatively low heatproof can achieve to superhigh temperature Effect of heat insulation.And effectively intercept infra-red radiation by arranging radiation shield.By multiple heat-insulated materials in the embodiment of the present invention The bed of material is complex as a whole and forms new heat-barrier material, by the different heat resistance of each layer and thermal conductivity, both reaches on the whole High temperature resistant, there is low average conduction again, meet overall insulation requirement.Wherein superhigh temperature insulation material layer heatproof reaches 3000 ℃；Decalescence insulation material layer heatproof is below 2000 DEG C；Middle temperature thermal insulation layer heatproof is below 2000 DEG C；Low temperature is heat-insulated Layer heatproof is below 1400 DEG C.So, the insulation material layer of outer layer just has more alternatives.
Embodiment 1
According to applied environment, determine concrete material and the thickness of each insulation material layer using heat transfer theory；According to determine Each insulation material layer of respective thickness prepared by material；Each insulation material layer is coupled together using adhesive, obtains superhigh temperature group Close heat-barrier material.
Each layer material therefor of the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature being determined by above-mentioned steps and thickness are as follows：Superhigh temperature every Hot material layer material therefor is carbon fiber/Zirconium oxide fibre superhigh temperature heat-barrier material, and thickness is 2mm；Decalescence heat-barrier material Layer adopts Afluon (Asta) phase-change material, and thickness is 2mm；Middle temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is alumina fibre heat-barrier material, and thickness is 10mm；Low temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is silica aerogel heat-barrier material, and thickness is 15mm；Radiation shield material therefor is Molybdenum foil, thickness is 0.02mm.With aluminum phosphate system high temperature wherein between superhigh temperature insulation material layer and decalescence insulation material layer Binding agent bonds, between decalescence thermal insulation layer and middle temperature thermal insulation layer, between middle temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature Alumina gel low temperature bonding agent is adopted to bond between thermal insulation layer and radiation shield.Wherein binding agent using brushing or sprays.Using Material cladding is integrated by pressurization and high-temperature processing technology, and then pressure forming under the pressure of 0.1MPa～5MPa, after shaping Carry out high-temperature process at a temperature of 50 DEG C～400 DEG C, process time is 2h～24h.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 to be, each layer material therefor of the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature and thickness are as follows： The thickness of superhigh temperature insulation material layer is 2mm；The thickness of decalescence insulation material layer is 10mm；The thickness of middle temperature thermal insulation layer is 30mm；Low temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is alumina silicate fibre heat-barrier material, and thickness is 40mm；Radiation shield material therefor is aluminum Paper tinsel, thickness is 0.01mm.Glued with aluminum phosphate system high temperature wherein between superhigh temperature insulation material layer and decalescence insulation material layer Knot agent bonding, between decalescence thermal insulation layer and middle temperature thermal insulation layer, between middle temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature every Ludox low temperature bonding agent is adopted to bond between thermosphere and radiation shield.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 to be, each layer material therefor of the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature and thickness are as follows： Superhigh temperature insulation material layer material therefor is Zirconium oxide fibre superhigh temperature heat-barrier material, and thickness is 2mm；Decalescence heat-barrier material Layer adopts Nickel difluoride phase-change material, and thickness is 10mm；Middle temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is mullite fiber heat-barrier material, and thickness is 2mm；Low temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is silica aerogel heat-barrier material, and thickness is 2mm；Radiation shield material therefor is gold Paper tinsel, thickness is 0.1mm.With aluminum phosphate system high temperature bond wherein between superhigh temperature insulation material layer and decalescence insulation material layer Agent bonds, between decalescence thermal insulation layer and middle temperature thermal insulation layer, between middle temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature is heat-insulated Using Alumina gel low temperature bonding agent bonding between layer and radiation shield.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 to be, each layer material therefor of the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature and thickness are as follows： Superhigh temperature insulation material layer material therefor is carbon fiber/Zirconium oxide fibre superhigh temperature heat-barrier material, and thickness is 10mm；Decalescence Insulation material layer adopts Afluon (Asta) phase-change material, and thickness is 8mm；Middle temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is the heat-insulated material of alumina fibre Material, thickness is 10mm；Low temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is silica aerogel heat-barrier material, and thickness is 15mm；Radiation shield Material therefor is molybdenum foil, and thickness is 0.025mm.Wherein use phosphorus between superhigh temperature insulation material layer and decalescence insulation material layer Sour aluminum system high-temperature agglomerant bonding, between decalescence thermal insulation layer and middle temperature thermal insulation layer, middle temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature thermal insulation layer it Between and low temperature thermal insulation layer and radiation shield between using Alumina gel low temperature bonding agent bonding.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 to be, each layer material therefor of the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature and thickness are as follows： Superhigh temperature insulation material layer material therefor is carbon fiber felt, and thickness is 10mm；Decalescence insulation material layer adopts carbonate facics Become material, thickness is 10mm；Middle temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is silica fiber insulation, and thickness is 10mm；Low temperature thermal insulation layer Material therefor is rock wool heat-barrier material, and thickness is 2mm；Radiation shield material therefor is graphite paper, and thickness is 0.2mm.Wherein With aluminum phosphate system high-temperature agglomerant bonding between superhigh temperature insulation material layer and decalescence insulation material layer, decalescence is heat-insulated Adopt between layer and middle temperature thermal insulation layer, between middle temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature thermal insulation layer and between low temperature thermal insulation layer and radiation shield With Ludox low temperature bonding agent bonding.
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 to be, each layer material therefor of the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature and thickness are as follows： Superhigh temperature insulation material layer material therefor is ultra-fine hole Carbon Materials, and thickness is 10mm；Decalescence insulation material layer is using fluorination Magnesium phase-change material, thickness is 8mm；Middle temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is calcium silicate thermal insulation material, and thickness is 5mm；Low temperature thermal insulation layer Material therefor is rock wool heat-barrier material, and thickness is 40mm；Radiation shield material therefor is graphite paper, and thickness is 0.3mm.Wherein With aluminum phosphate system high-temperature agglomerant bonding between superhigh temperature insulation material layer and decalescence insulation material layer, decalescence is heat-insulated Adopt between layer and middle temperature thermal insulation layer, between middle temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature thermal insulation layer and between low temperature thermal insulation layer and radiation shield With Ludox low temperature bonding agent bonding.
Embodiment 7
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 to be, each layer material therefor of the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature and thickness are as follows： Superhigh temperature insulation material layer material therefor is carbon fiber felt, and thickness is 40mm；Decalescence insulation material layer adopts carbonate facics Become material, thickness is 10mm；Middle temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is high silica fiber heat-barrier material, and thickness is 6mm；Low temperature thermal insulation layer Material therefor is super glass wool heat-barrier material, and thickness is 20mm；Radiation shield material therefor is aluminium foil, and thickness is 0.03mm.With aluminum phosphate system high-temperature agglomerant bonding wherein between superhigh temperature insulation material layer and decalescence insulation material layer, Between decalescence thermal insulation layer and middle temperature thermal insulation layer, between middle temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature thermal insulation layer and radiation Alumina gel low temperature bonding agent is adopted to bond between screen layer.
Embodiment 8
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 to be, each layer material therefor of the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature and thickness are as follows： Superhigh temperature insulation material layer material therefor is Zirconium oxide fibre superhigh temperature heat-barrier material, and thickness is 10mm；The heat-insulated material of decalescence The bed of material adopts Afluon (Asta) phase-change material, and thickness is 8mm；Middle temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is alumina fibre heat-barrier material, thickness For 10mm；Low temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is alumina silicate fibre heat-barrier material, and thickness is 20mm；Radiation shield material therefor is Native gold, thickness is 0.03mm.All with aluminum phosphate system high-temperature agglomerant bonding between wherein each layer.
Embodiment 9
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 to be, each layer material therefor of the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature and thickness are as follows： Superhigh temperature insulation material layer material therefor is ultra-fine hole Carbon Materials, and thickness is 10mm；Decalescence insulation material layer is using fluorination Nickel phase-change material, thickness is 10mm；Middle temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is calcium silicate thermal insulation material, and thickness is 5mm；Low temperature thermal insulation layer Material therefor is silica aerogel heat-barrier material, and thickness is 20mm；Radiation shield material therefor is molybdenum foil, and thickness is 0.1mm.With aluminum phosphate system high-temperature agglomerant bonding, phase wherein between superhigh temperature insulation material layer and decalescence insulation material layer Between changeable heat-absorbing thermal insulation layer and middle temperature thermal insulation layer, between middle temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature thermal insulation layer and radiation shield Cover and between layer, adopt Ludox low temperature bonding agent to bond.
Embodiment 10
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 to be, each layer material therefor of the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature and thickness are as follows： Superhigh temperature insulation material layer material therefor is Zirconium oxide fibre superhigh temperature heat-barrier material, and thickness is 10mm；The heat-insulated material of decalescence The bed of material adopts Afluon (Asta) phase-change material, and thickness is 8mm；Middle temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is calcium silicate thermal insulation material, and thickness is 5mm；Low temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is rock wool heat-barrier material, and thickness is 40mm；Radiation shield material therefor is graphite paper, thick Spend for 0.1mm.Glued with aluminum phosphate system high-temperature agglomerant wherein between superhigh temperature insulation material layer and decalescence insulation material layer Knot, between decalescence thermal insulation layer and middle temperature thermal insulation layer, between middle temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature thermal insulation layer and Alumina gel low temperature bonding agent is adopted to bond between radiation shield.
In above-described embodiment, the preparation process of each insulation material layer is as follows：
Wherein carbon fiber/Zirconium oxide fibre superhigh temperature heat-barrier material or Zirconium oxide fibre superhigh temperature heat-barrier material add deionization Water mix and blend carries out fiber dispersion, and then sucking filtration shapes and high-temperature heat treatment obtains.Ultra-fine hole Carbon Materials fiber is helped with sintering Agent blending, high temperature sintering obtain.Carbon fiber felt is woven into blanket by carbon fiber, or foaming or supercritical after organic precursor method preparation Be dried etc..
The preparation of decalescence insulation material layer：The melting of phase change material, the pulverizing of the phase change grains obtaining after melting, powder Phase-change material after broken and matrix material and reinforcing fiber blending, are then passed through pressure forming, high temperature sintering obtains final product.
The preparation of middle temperature thermal insulation layer：Fiber deionized water is disperseed, and sucking filtration shapes, and high-temperature heat treatment obtains, or Dynamic Water After thermal synthesis slip, filter pressing, dry forming obtain.
The preparation of low temperature thermal insulation layer can adopt and middle temperature thermal insulation layer identical method.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the superhigh temperature insulation material layer that carbon fiber/Zirconium oxide fibre superhigh temperature heat-barrier material is made For semi-rigid material, 2500 DEG C of heatproof, density is 0.2-1.2g/cm3, heat conductivity is 0.02-0.2W/m K；Zirconium oxide is fine The superhigh temperature insulation material layer that dimension superhigh temperature heat-barrier material is made is rigid material, 2500 DEG C of heatproof, and density is 0.2-1.8g/ cm3, heat conductivity is 0.02-0.2W/m K；The superhigh temperature insulation material layer that carbon fiber felt is made is flexible material, heatproof 3000 DEG C, density is 0.1-1.2g/cm3, heat conductivity is 0.05-0.5W/m K；The superhigh temperature that ultra-fine hole Carbon Materials are made every Hot material layer is rigid material, 3000 DEG C of heatproof, and density is 0.1-1.2g/cm3, heat conductivity is 0.05-0.5W/m K.Fluorine Change the decalescence insulation material layer that magnesium phase-change material, Nickel difluoride phase-change material and carbonate phase-change material are made, density is 0.2-3.0g/cm3, heat conductivity is 0.05-0.5W/m K.Middle temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor be alumina fibre heat-barrier material, Mullite fiber heat-barrier material, silica fiber insulation, calcium silicate thermal insulation material and high silica fiber heat-barrier material etc., can To be rigid material or flexible material.Low temperature thermal insulation layer material therefor is silica aerogel heat-barrier material, aluminium silicate Fibrous insulating material, rock wool and super glass wool etc., can be rigid material or flexible material.Molybdenum foil, aluminium foil, Graphite paper or native gold etc. are the foil material of certain fabric width, and thickness is 0.01-0.5mm.
The performance indications of the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature of the embodiment of the present invention see table 1.Wherein heat-proof quality is with reference to GB/ T17911.3-1999 refractory ceramic fibre product volume density test method, YB/T4130-2005 discharge flat band method.
Table 1
It can be seen from Table 1 that, the combined heat insulated material of superhigh temperature of the embodiment of the present invention integrally has higher thermal insulation, And by reasonable setting Rotating fields, the heat-barrier material of its outer layer just has more alternatives, no matter obtain from raw material and The aspects such as cost all have larger advantage.The superhigh temperature combined heat insulated material general performance of the embodiment of the present invention is semi-rigid, close Spend for 0.20-2.0g/cm3, heat conductivity is 0.02W/m K-0.12W/m K, and heatproof reaches as high as 2200 DEG C.Protection uses Time was up to 2500 seconds.
The above, the only specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any Those familiar with the art the invention discloses technical scope in, change or replacement can be readily occurred in, all should contain Cover within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be defined by described scope of the claims.

Claims (11)

1. superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material is it is characterised in that include：
Superhigh temperature insulation material layer, it is located at high temperature side, and the material of described superhigh temperature insulation material layer is carbon fiber/zirconium oxide Fiber superhigh temperature heat-barrier material, Zirconium oxide fibre superhigh temperature heat-barrier material, carbon fiber felt or ultra-fine hole Carbon Materials；
Decalescence insulation material layer, positioned at the outside of superhigh temperature insulation material layer；
Middle temperature thermal insulation layer, positioned at the outside of decalescence insulation material layer；
Low temperature thermal insulation layer, positioned at the outside of middle temperature thermal insulation layer；
Radiation shield, be respectively arranged on superhigh temperature insulation material layer, decalescence insulation material layer, middle temperature thermal insulation layer and low temperature every Outside between thermosphere adjacent two layers and located at low temperature thermal insulation layer, described radiation shield is used for blocks infrared radiation；
Above layers are complex as a whole by adhesive.
2. superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described decalescence insulation material layer Material be Nickel difluoride high temperature phase change material (pcm), Afluon (Asta) phase-change material or carbonate middle temperature phase-change material.
3. superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that the material of described middle temperature thermal insulation layer is Alumina fibre heat-barrier material, mullite fiber heat-barrier material, silica fiber insulation, calcium silicate thermal insulation material or high silica Fibrous insulating material.
4. superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that the material of described low temperature thermal insulation layer is Silica aerogel heat-barrier material, alumina silicate fibre heat-barrier material, rock wool or super glass wool.
5. superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that the material of described radiation shield is Molybdenum foil, aluminium foil, graphite paper or native gold.
6. superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described superhigh temperature heat-barrier material thickness Spend for 2-20mm；The thickness of described decalescence insulation material layer is 2-10mm；The thickness of described middle temperature thermal insulation layer is 2-30mm； The thickness of described low temperature thermal insulation layer is 2-40mm；The thickness of described radiation shield is 0.01-0.5mm.
7. superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that pass through adhesive between described each layer Bonding, is then complex as a whole by pressure forming and high-temperature process.
8. superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material according to claim 7 is it is characterised in that described adhesive is selected from aluminum phosphate system Adhesive, chrome-alumina phosphate system high-temperature agglomerant, Alumina gel system adhesive and Ludox system middle temperature binding agent.
9. superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material according to claim 7 it is characterised in that described superhigh temperature insulation material layer extremely High-temperature agglomerant is adopted to connect between decalescence thermal insulation layer；Decalescence thermal insulation layer is adopted to outermost radiation shield With middle temperature binding agent bonding.
10. the preparation method of the superhigh temperature gradient heat-barrier material described in any one of claim 1-9, comprises the steps：
According to applied environment, determine concrete material and the thickness of each insulation material layer using heat transfer theory；
Prepare each insulation material layer of respective thickness according to the material determining；
Each insulation material layer is adopted adhesive to bond, is then complex as a whole by pressure forming and high-temperature process, is surpassed High-temperature gradient heat-barrier material.
11. preparation methoies according to claim 10 it is characterised in that the step that is complex as a whole of each insulation material layer such as Under：
Using brushing or spraying, coated with adhesive between the layers；
Pressure-formed pressure limit is between 0.1MPa～5MPa, and the temperature of high-temperature process, between 50 DEG C～400 DEG C, is processed Time is 2h～24h.
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