CN104550308B - A kind of preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers and its ultrafine metal fibers of preparation - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers and its ultrafine metal fibers of preparation Download PDFInfo
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- CN104550308B CN104550308B CN201310512079.1A CN201310512079A CN104550308B CN 104550308 B CN104550308 B CN 104550308B CN 201310512079 A CN201310512079 A CN 201310512079A CN 104550308 B CN104550308 B CN 104550308B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers and its ultrafine metal fibers of preparation.The preparation method is that the metal dust that fusing point is not less than fluoropolymer resin fusing point or softening temperature is filled into fluoropolymer resin, longitudinal stretching is directly carried out when blend passes through extruding dies by extruder extrusion, the polymer/metal composite fibre containing ultrafine metal fibers is obtained；In preparation process, cause metal dust original position is extended to form ultrafine metal fibers due to factors such as the effects between polymer and metal.The polymeric matrix in composite fibre is dissolved again afterwards, you can isolate ultrafine metal fibers therein.The preparation method step is simple, and cost is low, and the diameter of the ultrafine metal fibers obtained by it is adjustable.In the preparation process of ultrafine metal fibers, metal is wrapped up in the polymer all the time, is protected from the oxidation and corrosion of external environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers, further, be related to it is a kind of by by metal
Uniaxial direct tensile is into the ultra-fine of the fine and method in situ for preparing ultrafine metal fibers and its preparation after powder and polymer melting are blended
Metallic fiber.
Background technology
Metallic fiber is the infant industry material that recent decades grow up, early in the twenties in last century, industry prosperity state
Family begins to study metallic fiber.Disclose a United States Patent (USP) within wherein 1936（US2050298）, patent introduction
A kind of method that use boundling fiber elongation method produces metallic fiber.After more than 30 years, the micron order fiber produced in this way
Just start commercially to sell as commodity.Because metallic fiber has such as good conduction and thermal conductivity, wearability and strong
Spend that height, many tradition such as modulus of elasticity height be organic and inorfil not available for advantage, and metallic fiber array is in pattern
There is anisotropy in terms of structure and electromagnetic performance, therefore it is in absorbing material, high density magnetic recording material, high-quality micro-
The various fields such as electronic component or circuit, medical science, biochemical sensor have a good application prospect, and can be widely used in
All conglomeraties such as weaving, space flight and aviation, petrochemical industry, electric mechanical, medicine, food, environmental protection, are many civilian industries and national defence
Critical material necessary to industrial circle.The need for meeting industrial boom, later stage 1970s, developed country opened
The manufacture method and its product of a large amount of manpower and materials research metallic fibers of the input that begins.China also succeeds in 1980s mid-term
Ground have developed stainless steel fibre, and the kind of subsequent metallic fiber is also on the increase and is gradually widely used.At present,
Development and application research to metallic fiber has become a key areas of modern material science.
The preparation method of traditional metallic fiber mainly has four kinds：It is molten to take out method（G.Lotze,G.Stephani,W.
H.Fieldler.Fundamentals of fibre formation during melt extraction.[J]
Materials Science and Eng ineering A.1991,133(3):680-683.）Wire drawing method（Including monofilament
With collection synnema stretching）, machine cut method（Nakagawa T.,Suzuki K.,Uematsu T.,Koyama
H..Production of fine short length metal fibers using self-excited vibration
of an elastic tool.[J]JPN Soc Precis Eng(1981)47:1399–1405）Whisker and bonding cladding process
（Chen Yanxia, Xiao Hongyan, Shi Yidong, Li Zhengran, the modification and application new development [J] industry weaving of a virtue metallic fiber material
Product, 2010 (10):1-7）.Wherein, it is, by METAL HEATING PROCESS to molten condition, then to be sprayed liquation by certain device to melt the method for taking out
Go out or throw away, so as to form metallic fiber, can not only prepare broken-staple metal fibre in this way but also long metal fiber can be prepared, its
The diameter minimum of the metallic fiber of middle use glass fluxing technique melt spinning process production can reach 1 μm；Single wire drawing is by single gold
Belong to line to be made by multimode continuous drawing, the metallic fiber uniform diameter prepared, continuity is good, but cost is high, the production cycle
It is long, it is impossible to produce fine fibre；Clustered drawing is that tens or even wires up to ten thousand are coated in pipe to carry out drawing, is made many
Root line attenuates simultaneously in drawing process, peels off cage walls when diameter needed for metallic fiber is stretched to, metallic fiber is separated
Out, it improves production efficiency, cost is reduced, but preparation technology is complicated, it is any in drawing, heat treatment process
Parameters variation all produces influence to fiber quality, its performance is changed, is mainly used in the production of stainless steel fibre.In addition,
The fiber thinner than single wire drawing can be produced in this way, and minimum diameter is up to 0.5 μm, but such single fiber is difficult
Separated again from tow.Machine cut method is to use cutter that solid metallic is cut into Soft flocks, the technique letter of this method
Single, with short production cycle, cost is low, but is mainly used to produce broken-staple metal fibre, and fibre section is uneven and rough surface, it is difficult to
Obtain ultrafine metal fibers of the diameter below 10 μm.Whisker and bonding cladding process are at present also in conceptual phase, industrialization journey
Degree is not high.
Although many different types of long metal fibers can be not only produced using conventional method, and by adjusting technique
Condition can control fibre diameter, but use these methods production metallic fiber there is also process conditions are complicated, cost is high,
High energy consumption, metallic fiber are oxidizable, the shortcomings of be relatively large in diameter.Minimum diameter, which can be prepared, although with the molten method of taking out reaches 0.5 μ
M metallic fiber, but due to being difficult to separate from tow metallic fiber, therefore, the metallic fiber of current commercialization
Minimum diameter is only capable of reaching 1~2 μm, and the diameter of metallic fiber is smaller, and technique is more complicated, and production cost is higher.
The content of the invention：
In order to simplify the preparation technology of metallic fiber, further fining metal fibre diameter reduces energy consumption and pollution, simultaneously
Prevent the metallic fiber in preparation process from exposing to be oxidized in atmosphere, it is proposed that the present invention.
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers.
The preparation method is that metal dust is filled into fluoropolymer resin, when blend is squeezed by extruder
Go out, by directly carrying out longitudinal stretching during extruding dies, obtain the compound fibre of the polymer/metal containing ultrafine metal fibers
Dimension；In the drawing process by extruding dies formation composite fibre, due to factors such as the effects between polymer and metal
So that metal dust original position, which is extended, forms ultrafine metal fibers.Thus the microcosmic shape of resulting polymer/metal composite fibre
State is that ultrafine metal fibers are evenly distributed in the polymeric matrix of composite fibre as dispersed phase along the axial direction of composite fibre,
So as to form the polymer/metal composite fibre containing ultrafine metal fibers.Again by the polymerization in polymer/metal composite fibre
Thing matrix dissolution falls, you can isolate ultrafine metal fibers therein, so as to obtain ultrafine metal fibers.
Specifically, the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers of the invention comprises the following steps：
Step one：Metal dust is filled into fluoropolymer resin, gained blend is extruded by extruder；From extruder
Carry out longitudinal stretching direct to blend, obtains the polymer/metal composite fibre containing ultrafine metal fibers during die extrusion；
The fusing point of wherein described metal dust is not less than melting point polymer or softening temperature.It is basic to protect so during filling etc.
Hold metal dust not melt, thus can be easy to make metal dust original position extend into fiber when extruding stretching.Described herein is poly-
Compound fusing point or softening temperature, refer to the heated temperature for starting to melt or softening of polymer, for crystalline polymer, this temperature
Degree is referred to as melting point polymer, and this temperature is just polymer softening temperature for non-crystalline polymer.
Step 2：Above-mentioned resulting polymer/metal composite fibre is dissolved in a solvent, by polymer tree therein
The isolated ultrafine metal fibers after fat is completely dissolved；The solvent is the solvent that can dissolve the fluoropolymer resin.
Further, to ultrafine metal fibers preparation method of the invention, details are as follows：
Relevant step one of the present invention：
When wherein metal dust is filled into fluoropolymer resin, according to the total volume parts of fluoropolymer resin and metal dust
Calculate, wherein the volume parts of described metal dust are less than or equal to 30%vol, preferably less than or equal to 15%vol, more
Preferably lower than or equal to 10%vol.
Fluoropolymer resin described in step one does not have any limitation, can be various fluoropolymer resins in the prior art,
In preferred thermoplastic fluoropolymer resin, more preferably PLA, polyamide, polyester, the polyvinyl alcohol of melt-processable at least
It is a kind of.Wherein described polyamide includes any kind of polyamide, more preferably nylon 6, nylon66 fiber, nylon 11 in the prior art
Or nylon 12.Described polyester can be any kind of polyester, more preferably polyethylene terephthalate in the prior art
（PET）Or PTT（PTT）.Polyvinyl alcohol of the prior art is different due to molecular chain structure, can divide
For can be with melt-processed and cannot melt-processed two parts.The polyvinyl alcohol of melt-processable of the present invention, it is as existing
There is the polyvinyl alcohol that can be processed in technology by melt-processed mode.Thermoplastic polymer resin of the present invention is most
The preferably polyvinyl alcohol of melt-processable.
The metal of wherein described metal dust be fusing point in 55~500 DEG C of single component metal and metal alloy at least
One kind, its fusing point is preferably 90~350 DEG C, more preferably 100~300 DEG C, most preferably 120~250 DEG C.It is of the present invention
The melting point metal of metal dust is not less than used fluoropolymer resin fusing point or softening temperature, preferably at least higher than the polymerization
5 DEG C of thing fusing point or softening temperature, more preferably at least higher than 10 DEG C of the melting point polymer or softening temperature, are more preferably at least higher than
15 DEG C of the melting point polymer or softening temperature.The single component metal is preferably gallium, caesium, rubidium, indium, tin, bismuth, cadmium, lead element
Elemental metals；The metal alloy is preferably two or more metal alloys in gallium, caesium, rubidium, indium, tin, bismuth, cadmium, lead element,
Or be at least one of gallium, caesium, rubidium, indium, tin, bismuth, cadmium, lead element and at least one in copper, silver, gold, iron or Zn-ef ficiency
The metal alloy planted, or be at least one of gallium, caesium, rubidium, indium, tin, bismuth, cadmium, lead element and copper, silver, gold, iron or zinc member
At least one of element and element silicon and/or the alloy of carbon formation.
The temperature of the extruding dies is higher than melting point polymer or softening temperature, while being preferably up to optionally greater than metal
15 DEG C of fusing point, it is minimum be less than be equal to 15 DEG C of melting point metal, it is minimum less than being equal to more preferably up to optionally greater than 10 DEG C of melting point metal
10 DEG C of melting point metal, most preferably up to optionally greater than 5 DEG C of melting point metal, it is minimum be less than be equal to 5 DEG C of melting point metal.
The particle diameter of metal dust is not limited, and particle diameter is smaller, the superfine metal prepared by preparation in accordance with the present invention
The diameter of fiber is just smaller.It is preferred that the metal dust of micron-level particle size, its powder diameter is more preferably small less than or equal to 500 μm
In or equal to 200 μm, more preferably less than or equal to more preferably less than or equal to 100 μm, 80 μm.
In one the step of preparation method, equipment metal dust being filled into used in fluoropolymer resin does not have
Usually using the usually used equipment of blending technology in any limitation, as plastics and rubber industry.Including extruder, mill
And banbury.The preferred extruder of equipment metal dust being filled into polymer, i.e., be same extrusion with the extrusion stage
Machine, by filling blend and is extruded in completing preferred on same extruder.If the equipment that metal dust is filled into polymer
From mill or banbury, then gained blend then will be using extruder progress extrusion stretching.The preferred screw rod of extruder
Extruder.The screw extruder includes single screw extrusion machine, double screw extruder etc..
In one the step of preparation method of the present invention, side metal dust being filled into employed in fluoropolymer resin
Method is exactly common blending modification method in rubber and plastic processing.The condition of wherein described blending meets adding for usual polymer blending modification
Work condition.But in wherein described Blending Processes and follow-up extrusion, each section of processing temperature of equipment setting, except
Outside extrusion stage extruding dies part, it is preferably to the fusing point of metal is not higher than, to ensure that polymer is abundant in Blending Processes
Melting and metal dust is substantially non-fusible, only in this way just metal dust is extended into threadiness from graininess firmly.
Directly carry out longitudinal stretching to be contained when blend melt is by extruding dies in the step one
During the polymer/metal composite fibre of ultrafine metal fibers, draw ratio（The extrusion speed of rotating speed/blend melt of winding motor
Degree）Bigger, obtained composite fibre diameter is thinner, and wherein ultrafine metal fibers are also thinner and length is also longer, additionally can be with
Prevent the mutual welding of metal dispersion phase factor in polymer melt and cause the diameter of final resulting metallic fiber too big.So
When the blend of the polymer and metal dust is directly stretched by extruding dies, its draw ratio is preferably 20-
2000, more preferably 100-1000, most preferably 100-500.
In addition, according to processing needs, appropriate in blending material the conven-tional adjuvants that fluoropolymer resin is processed can be added, such as
Antioxidant, plasticizer and other processing aids etc..These conventional auxiliary dosages are conventional amount used, or wanting according to actual conditions
Ask to carry out appropriate adjustment.The each components such as the polymer and metal can be passed through the side such as metered charge in Blending Processes
Formula adds in melt blending equipment and carries out melt blending simultaneously；General mixing apparatus can also be first passed through, in advance will be described each
Individual component is well mixed, and rubber plastic blend equipment melt blending is then passed through again.Described material mixing equipment is selected from prior art
In homogenizer, the mechanical mixing equipment such as kneader.
The microscopic pattern of resulting polymer/metal composite fibre is：In polymer and metal dust in Blending Processes
And blend is during stretch spinning, the ultrafine metal fibers that the extension of metal dust original position is generated are as dispersed phase along again
The axial direction of condensating fiber is evenly distributed in the polymeric matrix of composite fibre.
The step of relevant preparation method of the present invention two：
In the step 2, there is no any limitation to solvent, can be various organic solvents of the prior art, can also
For inorganic solvent, as long as fluoropolymer resin dissolving used in making just can be with.
For example during these solvents can be fat hydrocarbon, arene, alcohols, acids, phenols, esters, water equal solvent
Any one or more, preferably any one of alcohols, acids, phenols, esters, water equal solvent or several, more preferably
Water.Described course of dissolution can be carried out at normal temperatures and pressures, can also be carried out at high temperature under high pressure, as long as in course of dissolution
The temperature and pressure used not make ultrafine metal fibers melt or deformation can be with.
The ultrafine metal fibers are isolated after fluoropolymer resin therein is completely dissolved described in step 2
Process, refers to the process of common separation of solid and liquid process, i.e. filtering and drying to obtain ultrafine metal fibers.To therein
Filtering, dry without any limitation, the method for just filtering, drying admittedly for common liquid in the prior art.In filtering, drying process
In resulting ultrafine metal fibers can also be cleaned according to actual needs, the cleaning agent used in cleaning process is just to be molten
Solvent used in solution preocess, it would however also be possible to employ other solvents, if meet solvent used in cleaning process do not make it is ultra-fine
Metallic fiber dissolving just can be with.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of ultrafine metal fibers prepared by above method.
The preparation method of the ultrafine metal fibers of the present invention more than, by the optimum choice to metal dust particle diameter and
The regulation of type of polymer and fiber forming process technical parameter, makes the diameter of obtained ultrafine metal fibers adjustable, it might even be possible to
Particle diameter is prepared in nano level ultrafine metal fibers.And ultrafine metal fibers in forming process its all the time be in polymer
Under the protection of parcel, oxidation of the external environment to metal, corrosiveness are so avoided, so that the superfine metal of gained is fine
Superperformance is held in maintenance.
The preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers of the present invention can be in the preparation process of polymer/metal blend
The melt drawn extruded in mouth mold is directly obtained polymer composite fibrous, in the process due between polymer and metal
The factor such as interaction metal dust original position is extended generation metallic fiber, finally by the polymerization in resulting composite fibre
Resin dissolving, filtering, separation can prepare the ultrafine metal fibers of diameter within the specific limits.Preparation technology letter
It is single, easy to operate, with good applicability and relatively low equipment cost.Only need to metal powder and corresponding polymer tree
Fat, is blended and directly mouth mold stretching using suitable technique, is finally dissolved resulting composite fibre, mistake
Filter, isolates ultrafine metal fibers.The diameter of obtained ultrafine metal fibers is adjustable, suitable by further selecting
Metal dust particle diameter and type of polymer and the regulation to die drawing process, it might even be possible to prepare diameter nano level
Ultrafine metal fibers.Compared with tradition prepares the method for metallic fiber, the ultrafine metal fibers that method of the invention is prepared are straight
Footpath is thinner, and substantially reduces the preparation technology flow of metallic fiber, eliminates the mistake that thicker wire constantly attenuates
Journey, had so not only improved production efficiency but also had reduced energy consumption and production cost.In the preparation process of whole ultrafine metal fibers,
Because the fusing point of metal powder is not less than the fusing point of polymer, metal powder is not melted substantially in preparation process, therefore processed
Metal is difficult to move to polymer surfaces in journey, in metallic fiber forming process under its protection in polymer all the time, this
Sample avoids oxidation of the external environment to metal, corrosiveness.Polymer used at the same time can be recycled, and also further be dropped
The low production cost of superfine fibre.Particularly when the polyvinyl alcohol of the preferred melt-processable of fluoropolymer resin of the present invention,
This polyvinyl alcohol not only at normal temperatures can soluble in water quickly but also again can be biodegradable, it is therefore fine in superfine metal
In the separation process of dimension, it is only necessary to just soon can be separated metallic fiber using water as solvent, both save behaviour
Make the time reduces the pollution to environment again.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the Nano-CT of the gained polyvinyl alcohol of the embodiment of the present invention 4/metal composite fiber（X-ray tomoscan）
Photo.Dark strokes is the ultrafine metal fibers being dispersed in composite fibre in photo.
Fig. 2 is the electron scanning micrograph of the gained ultrafine metal fibers of the embodiment of the present invention 4.
Embodiment:
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment 1：
By the polyvinyl alcohol of melt-processable（Kuraray company, trade mark CP-1000, fusing point is 174 DEG C）Closed with tin-lead silver
Bronze（180 DEG C of fusing point, 24~45 μm of particle diameter, the He Dingxin hi-tech developments Co., Ltd of Beijing three）Mixed in homogenizer
Close uniform；Wherein the volume parts of tin-lead silver alloy are 5%vol, then through German HAAKE companies PolymLab twin-screw extrusions
Machine melt blending is extruded.Each section of temperature of extruder is 140 DEG C, 170 DEG C, 170 DEG C, 175 DEG C, 175 DEG C, 180 DEG C（Machine head port mould temperature
Degree）.By blend melt after die extrusion directly carry out draw ratio for 310 high-speed stretch and winding obtain polyvinyl alcohol/
Metal composite fiber.Then it is at room temperature that composite fibre is soluble in water, filtered, collected after polyvinyl alcohol fully dissolves
Ultrafine metal fibers therein are simultaneously dried.Observed by SEM, resulting ultrafine metal fibers it is straight
Footpath is 0.5~10 μm, and length is 100~3000 μm.
Embodiment 2：
In addition to double screw extruder die temperature is set as 185 DEG C, remaining is same as Example 1.It is aobvious with scanning electron
The ultrafine metal fibers that micro mirror observation is collected into, fibre diameter is 0.5~10 μm, and length is 100~5000 μm.
Embodiment 3：
Except the particle diameter of tin-lead silver alloy powder is changed into 15~25 μm（The He Dingxin hi-tech developments Co., Ltd of Beijing three）,
The draw ratio of polyvinyl alcohol/metal composite fiber is that remaining condition is same as Example 1 outside 350.Use SEM
The ultrafine metal fibers being collected into are observed, fibre diameter is 0.2~6 μm, and length is 30~700 μm.
Embodiment 4：
In addition to double screw extruder die temperature is set as 175 DEG C, remaining is same as Example 3.It is aobvious with scanning electron
The ultrafine metal fibers that micro mirror observation is collected into, fibre diameter is 0.2~5 μm, and length is 30~600 μm.
Embodiment 5：
In addition to double screw extruder head temperature is set as 178 DEG C, remaining is same as Example 3.It is aobvious with scanning electron
The ultrafine metal fibers that micro mirror observation is collected into, fibre diameter is 0.2~6 μm, and length is 30~600 μm.
Embodiment 6：
Except the volume fraction of tin-lead silver alloy in blend is 10%vol, the draw ratio of polyvinyl alcohol/metal composite fiber
Outside 155, remaining condition is same as Example 4.The ultrafine metal fibers being collected into, fiber are observed with SEM
A diameter of 0.2~9 μm, length is 20~300 μm.
Embodiment 7：
In addition to double screw extruder head temperature is set as 178 DEG C, remaining is same as Example 6.It is aobvious with scanning electron
The ultrafine metal fibers that micro mirror observation is collected into, fibre diameter is 0.2~5 μm, and length is 20~1000 μm.
Embodiment 8：
Except the particle diameter of tin-lead alloy for dental amalgam is 1~15 μm（The He Dingxin hi-tech developments Co., Ltd of Beijing three）Outside, its
Yu Jun is same as Example 4.The ultrafine metal fibers being collected into are observed with SEM, fibre diameter is 0.2~5 μ
M, length is 10~500 μm.
Embodiment 9：
Except metal alloy powder is leypewter powder（183 DEG C of fusing point, 1~15 μm of particle diameter, the prosperous new and high technology hair of the standing grain ancient cooking vessel of Beijing three
Open up Co., Ltd）Outside, remaining is same as Example 1.The ultrafine metal fibers being collected into are observed with SEM, it is fine
A diameter of 0.2~5 μm is tieed up, length is 10~500 μm.
Claims (28)
1. a kind of preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers, comprises the following steps：
Step one：Metal dust is filled into fluoropolymer resin, gained blend is extruded by extruder；From extruding dies
Carry out longitudinal stretching direct to blend, obtains the polymer/metal composite fibre containing ultrafine metal fibers during extrusion；Wherein
The fusing point of described metal dust is not less than melting point polymer or softening temperature；
Step 2：Above-mentioned resulting polymer/metal composite fibre is dissolved in a solvent, fluoropolymer resin therein is complete
The isolated ultrafine metal fibers after fully dissolved；The solvent is the solvent that can dissolve the fluoropolymer resin.
2. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Draw ratio in the step one when blend carries out longitudinal stretching by extruding dies is 20-2000.
3. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
Draw ratio in the step one when blend carries out longitudinal stretching by extruding dies is 100-1000.
4. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：
Draw ratio in the step one when blend carries out longitudinal stretching by extruding dies is 100-500.
5. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Equipment when metal dust to be filled into fluoropolymer resin in the step one is selected from extruder, mill or banbury.
6. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：
Equipment when metal dust to be filled into fluoropolymer resin in the step one is selected from extruder.
7. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：
The extruder is screw extruder.
8. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：
The screw extruder is single screw extrusion machine or double screw extruder.
9. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The fluoropolymer resin is thermoplastic polymer resin.
10. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：
The thermoplastic polymer resin is at least one in PLA, polyamide, polyester, the polyvinyl alcohol of melt-processable
Kind.
11. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：
Described thermoplastic polymer resin is nylon 6, nylon66 fiber, nylon 11, nylon 12, polyethylene terephthalate, poly-
At least one of polyvinyl alcohol of propylene glycol ester terephthalate and melt-processable.
12. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 11, it is characterised in that：
Described thermoplastic polymer resin is the polyvinyl alcohol of melt-processable.
13. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The volume parts of the metal dust are calculated as being less than or equal to according to the total volume parts of fluoropolymer resin and metal dust
30%vol.
14. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 13, it is characterised in that：
The volume parts of the metal dust are calculated as being less than or equal to according to the total volume parts of fluoropolymer resin and metal dust
15%vol.
15. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 14, it is characterised in that：
The volume parts of the metal dust are calculated as being less than or equal to according to the total volume parts of fluoropolymer resin and metal dust
10%vol.
16. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Described solvent is selected from least one of aliphatic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, alcohol, acid, phenol, ester, water.
17. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The metal of the metal dust is fusing point at least one of 55~500 DEG C single component metal and metal alloy.
18. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 17, it is characterised in that：
The metal of the metal dust is fusing point at least one of 90~350 DEG C single component metal and metal alloy.
19. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 18, it is characterised in that：
The metal of the metal dust is fusing point at least one of 100~300 DEG C single component metal and metal alloy.
20. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 19, it is characterised in that：
The metal of the metal dust is fusing point at least one of 120~250 DEG C single component metal and metal alloy.
21. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 17, it is characterised in that：
The single component metal is gallium, caesium, rubidium, indium, tin, bismuth, cadmium, the elemental metals of lead element；The metal alloy be gallium,
Two or more metal alloy in caesium, rubidium, indium, tin, bismuth, cadmium, lead element, or be gallium, caesium, rubidium, indium, tin, bismuth, cadmium, lead member
The metal alloy of at least one of element and at least one of copper, silver, gold, iron or Zn-ef ficiency, or for gallium, caesium, rubidium, indium,
At least one of tin, bismuth, cadmium, lead element and at least one of copper, silver, gold, iron or Zn-ef ficiency are first with element silicon and/or carbon
The alloy that element is formed.
22. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Described metal dust fusing point is at least above 5 DEG C of melting point polymer or softening temperature.
23. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 22, it is characterised in that：
Described metal dust fusing point is at least above 10 DEG C of melting point polymer or softening temperature.
24. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 23, it is characterised in that：
Described metal dust fusing point is at least above 15 DEG C of melting point polymer or softening temperature.
25. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The temperature of described step one extruding dies is higher than melting point polymer or softening temperature, while highest is higher than melting point metal
It is 15 DEG C, minimum to be less than 15 DEG C of melting point metal.
26. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 25, it is characterised in that：
The temperature highest of described step one extruding dies is higher than 10 DEG C of melting point metal, minimum to be less than 10 DEG C of melting point metal.
27. the preparation method of ultrafine metal fibers according to claim 26, it is characterised in that：
The temperature highest of described step one extruding dies is higher than 5 DEG C of melting point metal, minimum to be less than 5 DEG C of melting point metal.
28. the preparation method of the ultrafine metal fibers according to one of claim 1~27, it is characterised in that：
During the metal dust is filled into fluoropolymer resin, and gained blend extrusion, extruder during except extrusion
Other outer each section of processing temperature of mouth mold are not higher than the fusing point of metal.
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